TTIK srXDAV ORKGOXI.VX
BQYAND GIRLS DO FINE WORK
o
Nr. of the most Interesting hnilH
ings this year at the Oregon State
Fair at Salem was the Education
al building, in which were shown the
results of the Boys' and Girls' Club
work in jcardeninar, corn raising, potato
growing, nannig. baking, sewing, etc.
14 different prrjects in all.
Two hundred and fifty-seven boys
and girls were prize winners at tlie
lair, 21 'winning: grand prizes. The
grand prlz for. each club project con
sists of a two weeks' "course "in the
boys" and girls' Summer school at the
Oregon Agricultural College. The
money for these prizes was donated by
public-spirited men of Portland. The
children exhibiting at the. State Fair
were, in moat instances, the prize win
ners in their home County Fairs.
The work of organizing and directing
the work is carried on jointly by the
Oregon Agricultural College, the State
department of Education and the
I'nited States department of Agricul
ture. Each child is required to keep a
complete record of his work including
a statement of the cost and profit.
AnardH Baned on Varloua Thing.
For example the basis of awards in
the potato club work as outlined by the
college is as follows: ' : .
'a rt?atst ytfild per acre ........... I :so
(hi BfSl showing pf prolit on investment V.O
ne t-xnioil ot one peck murket po-
tatoes
(d l Best
How
pi'-iject report and slory-telliag
Made My i rop of Potatoes 20
Possible score
The best agricultural
practice is en
couraged among the club " members.
Iarge yields must also be profitable, or
they will, not count:, standardization
and a knowledge of the market re
quirements is encouraged through the
exhibits, while the fundamentals or
farm management and farm bookkeep
ing are taught by means of the project
reports and records.
Warren McOowen. of independence.
Or., is a Polk County boy who won a
grand prize offered by William Daugh
trey, of the Portland Union Stockyards
Company, for the best records made in
the pork production contest. Master
McGowen became bo interested in his
pig club work that he stayed at home
to take care of his pigs while the rest
of the family went to the Coast.
His cost and profit sheet follows:
Cost of brood sow or pig 3 07
Rent of building, yards used bv plgi " o
Cost of feed
040 li.s. shorts at 2.- per pound.. 10SO
2 sacks Kroiind wheat at $1.4) per sac! 2 S0
.1 barrels butter milk at 30c per barrel !u
Aalue of pasture used Uj arre at $. 5 0O
Aalue of labor required 2u hours at 10c "'110
Total Kain, live weight. per piK 10A
pounds. .-,2.-, pounds. Cost per pound gain,
live welclit. 4.to per hundred
Kecelpts
a alue of brood sow
Value of pig or ptRK on hanl
' Total income from pip or piss
Total -oet of pip or pipe . .
Net profit
40.00
-.4. 1 7
2.;. 08
Boy Telia How He Succeeded.
Claus C. Charley, of Brownsboro is a
Jackson County boy who is a seed corn
specialist. He won the grand prize
offered by the State Bankers' Associa
tion, A. C. Shut, president, for the
best agricultural 4-lub work.- This boy
won the state championship in 1914 in
the corn club work ami the good seed
corn he produced has been scatered all
m m 9 -w- . v
THKg-
I ..': , .. : . : . '. ' . ... . '- . . ':. . ' .--' '.. .-x... : . - . ' ' ' . . ".' . .: '" " ' '-v ' . : J v. ::. :;'. v -,:;:' ;:. ::X .-. :... v..xll
1 - . .-., - . ' ir' - -!
. .. '-X'-.-t-Jr- r - "-: - -J-'"-"' ,'.r.-'' i-r . "'- -rr. , ..'ST.- - -vl
. ! . vth -V - .
aS -r' " -V t& (si iT?'n c ?h t" ''i"2 n. v -i- C'h
- -:f v, -rJ ( y - -sv- V-Af&JSk. ft : .f'-' Jv
: . ( C?r vi - : I V':.- :-ih -r'c?ri '--"' Y
i-,v.H x r.f -O- i,,jyA) !f i - "'S3 ii
: 1) : J
, , "t"" ,n barter
I o III! -ilT' V II I j "V IF - -i" - - 1 1
over Southern Oregon.
Claus tells his
story as follows:
"I was a club member last year and
won both a trip to the State Fair and
to the exposition at San Francisco, but
that is not the only thing that induced
me to enroll this year. It was the
education I got out of the work.
"The object of the boys' corn club
" not merely to see who can
raise the most corn, but to get them in
terested in farming, which is the great
est occupation on earth.
"Columbus' discovery of America
brought into the hands of the civilized
world one of the world's greatest
cereals. It is unknown how long the
Indians used this great cereal before
this time, but any way it was of an
undesirable type up to about the 17th
century, when they commenced to get
the idea of breeding It up. There are
few up to this day who thoroughly . un
derstand the breeding of corn.
Seed First Tested.
"Before planting I tested my seed
corn in a contrivance which I made
myself. It was a box one foot square
and four inches high.' First I put in
two inches of sawdust, second one inch
of soil, third a cloth. I then took 10
ears of corn, shelled 10 grains off of
each ear and put them on the cloth.
Then I covered it with a cloth, put in
one-half inch of soil, one inch of saw
dust and put it in a warm place, where
I kept it moist.
"Corn should not be planted until the
soil is warm and thoroughly piilver
iaed. Early plowing is advisable.
Don't have a fixed number of times for
harrowing the ground, but harrow It
until it is in good shape. If you
plow 10 inches deep work it down that
far. If you don't there will be an air
space and the corn will dry out.
"It is a good plan to narrow the
ground four or five days after the corn
is planted, so as to give the young
plants a fair start with the weeds.
.
Then harrow it again lightly when ths
corn is from two to three inches high.
After this don't cultivate it every two
weeks and so on, but whenever it needs
It. It needs it a few days after a rain
and every two weeks is very well dur
ing a long'.dry spell. The first culti
vations should be deep and the later
ones shallow. A pulverizer is good
after the corn is about three or four
eet high.
Hardy. Early-Maturing Crop Needed.
"As to the management of diseases.
I have had .very little experience. All
I know is to get a good, hardy, early
maturing variety of corn.
"When 'and how to harvest depends
altogether on conditions. During the
Winter the corn should be kept' in a
crib where it is dry and the air can
circulate freely.
"Seed corn should always be select
ee ?eId- Get a mental picture
or the kind of corn you want and then
select from that type. It is important
todetassel all of the deficient stalks
before the pollen is distributed.
"My yield was 25 bushels an acre I
Intend to sell about 247 bushels, keep
three for seed and feed the balance.
My total expense was J192.70 I in
tended to make a profit of about J790
I don t value the prizes I won in the
c ub work any higher than the expe
rience. "If I had my work to do over again
I would not have so large an acreage
so that I could take better care of it."
Girl Wlm Poultry Prize.
Hazel Bursell. of Monmouth. Or., was
one of the poultry club winners last
year who came back and won the first
prize in the state contest again this
year. In addition to making more
than J35 ret profit from hensmall flock,
she won a grand prize offered by the
nicas-Lnanen Knsravins Company.
Portland
Or., for the best record made
egg production
by poultry club
members. Miss Bursell tells the secret
of her success as follows:
"The object of this work is to show
me value and importance of the poul
try industry, and the marketing of only
first-class, uniform products and to
teach us how to take better care of our
flocks, which means more and better
eggs, better hatches, more and better
chicks and incidentally better boys and
girls.
"In 1913 I won one and bought an
other setting of White Wyandotte eggs
from Archie McCauley, of Portland, who
had the best chickens in the juvenile
work at the 1912 State Fair, winning
thereby a Shetland pony. ' This boy is
making all his own college money
right in the City of Portland, at the
same time attending high school. 1
raised all the chicks hatched from these
two settings excepting one, and It fell
in a post hole and died before I found
it. The next year I raised another nice
bunch of chicks and this year am rais
ing more chicks for next year. There
are always a few Brown Leghorns at
the house, as they are about the
hardest fowl to keep where one wants
them, and I use them In my club work
also. My folks have raised pure-bred
Brown Leghorns for 16 years, and we
have some splendid layers. We get a
dozen or so eggs when many people
'do not get a single one. Ours do not
have very good care either. '
Feed la Detailed.
"During January and February I fed
my chickens wheat at night and oats
one morning and oat screenings the
next. My chickens like the screenings
better than the large oats. I fH m
ehickens between o:du and 7 in tne
IGRICULTU RAL CLUBS
morning, but in the, evening it was
necessary to feed them at different
times during the six months because
of the different times at which it be
gan to get dark. During March. April
and May I fed oats in the morning and
wheat at night, with a potato-peeling
mash at noon in March and April, but
in May I did not think they needed it.
In June oats predominated in my ra
tions in the latter part of June 1 fed
a mash of milk, bran and shorts. J
fed dry bran and shorts, also grit and
shell in a hopper. I kept my grain in a
barrel so that chickens could not tear
the sacks and spill the grain, and also
some few chickens would get too much
to eat. I measured all grains, etc.. in
a quart measure, for I knew just how
much a quart of each variety of grain,
bran or shorts weighed, and kept
it in the grain barrel.' I cleaned the
houses on Saturday, also put in clean
litter, cleaned nests, etc.
"My method of managing disease is
by applying the old proverb, 'An ounce
of prevention is worth a pound of cure.'
and by applying a 'stitch in time eaves
nine,' and a few simple remedies. I do
not have any trouble with diseases.
About once in so often I scald the milk
and water dishes thoroughly and then
put a tiny grain of copperas in the
water. By seeing that the fowls do not
get diseases I do not have to waste
time treating. Once in a great while a
hen gets some simple disease. One hen
started to have the cholera, but the
first day-1 forced her to eat coals and
in a day or two she was as sound as
ever. When my chickens begin to have
looseness of the bowels I empty the ash
box in their yard, where they can get
all the coals they want and thus they
cure themselves.
"I know that Interest In your work
helps you to do it well and this club
work is the sort of a school for the
practical side of life.
"When one works alone the task is
.
a. "
not nearly so interesting as if they
have a "club and meet to discuss mat
ters every so often. Besides this, the
instruction and the experience we re
ceive, now will help us greatly in our
work in the years to corny.
"1 sent eggs to town about once a
week, sometimes more often, sometimes
not so often. One cannot do everything
just so or O. K. on the farm, for there
always seems to be something else to
be done when you want to do one
thing. For a month 1 sold eggs to
the Monmouth Dormitory, but after
a' while they would not pay as much in
cash as the stores do in trade and it
was more trouble for us to take them
there, so after that 1 sold most of
them at the Dallas grocery stores,
using some at home and using and sell
ing some for sitting purposes. 1
have not had White Wyandottes long,
so do not sell many sittings of eggs,
but each year I sell more."
Dallaa Boy Wins Prize for Oats.
L. M. Bowles, of Dallas, specialized
in seed oats and won the grand prize
offered by J. N. Teal, chairman Oregon
Conservation Commission, for the best
record made in the seed grain produc
tion project. Mr. Bowles tells how he
raised hisscrop as follows:
"The land on which my oats were
raised had been set to strawberries and
plowed about March 1. The soil is a
clay loam. It has been used as a gar
den for years. It has been heavily
manured several times. The ground
was plowed about March 1 to a depth
of seven inches. Three weeks after
plowing it was cultivated twice with a
rolling harrow. After this the ground
was not cultivated until about April 1,
when it was harrowed with a heavy
harrow. commonly called a 'go-devil.'
After this about April 7 it was culti
vated twice with a spring-tooth har
row. Then came a thorough harrow
ing with the 'go-devil.'
1 ne name of the oats which I plant- 1 77 ; II
JOIN IjNP dl
The name of the oats which I plant
.. ,iJSKx-Sr .
5-
A-
ed is Corn Belt N'o. 5. Last Spring
(1914) I sent to the Oarton-Cooper Seed
Company, of Sugar Grove. 111., for one
half pound of seed. This seed I plant
ed and saved the seed from it for 1315.
The Corn Belt oat ia supposed to be a
cross between the Swedish Select and
the Senator. The kernel is of me
dium length, plump and with a mod
erate hull. Before planting I soaked
the seed in a solution of 40 parts water
to one part formalin. I planted the
seed April 24. 1 don't know the weight
of the seed planted. In sowing 1
made a row about six inches wide and
two inches deep with a wheel hoe. I
then scattered the seed in the row by
hand. 1 tried to sow at the rate of
three bushels to the acre. After scat
tering the seed in the row I covered
it with a hand rake. After this the
ground received no cultivation.
Uraln Cut bj-tHand.
"On August 10 I cut the grain with a
hand sickle. I then tied it up with
binding twine in bundles the size of
binder bundles. I then set the bundles
up to dry. The grain was all hard
when I cut it. ' It was ripe several
days before I had time to cut it. On
August 17 I had the grain hauled to
the threshing machine for threshing.
"I had four rows 106 feet long and
six inches wide and one row 62 feet
long and six inches wide. The length
of the rows is 542 feet. Keduced to
nches, this makes 6504 inches bv six
Inches. This makes 39,024 square
inches. Dividinp: this by 144-271
square feet, the 271 square feet yielded
by weight 44 pounds of clean oats.
This would make 7084 pounds of oats
to the acre, or 221 bushels to the acre.
Tlhs yield seems too large to be true.
"I am computing the cost and profit
on an acre of ground, at wages that arc
paid in this vicinity. I have not sold
my oats, as 1 want to keep them for
seed. Our local warehouse is paying
32 cents a- bushel for oats at present
(September 18)."
Boy Starts Right as Dairyman.
Earl R. Cooley, of Independence, is a
Polk County boy who is getting started'
right in the dairy business. His milk,
feed and butter fat records on the cows
in his father's herd won him the grand
prize offered by C. C. Colt, president of
the Union Meat Company, Portland.
"I first got interested in 'dairy herd
record keeping' when Professor W. A.
Barr, of the Oregon Agricultural Col
lege, came to Bethel School and ex
plained to us about the record keep
ing." he writes. He also explained
Babcock .testing. "I entered for the
record-keeping project.
"We have two different breeds of
dairy cows, registered Ayrshires and
grade Jerseys. We have found a great
deal of difference ' between the two
breeds. The Ayrshires are hardy eat
ers and will eat what you give them,
while the Jersey will mince away and
look for something a little better. The
Ayrshire is more of a rustler. They
will browse from trees and bushes and
are always hunting for something to
eat. while the Jerseys will be up to the
gate waiting to get into the barn to
see if you haven't got something bet
ter for them.
Jersey Cowa Nenn.
"When the cattle are in the. barn you
cannot help noticing how nervous the
Jersey is beside the Ayrshire. Of
course we an Know that the Jerseys
V