SECTION FIVE
Pages 1 to 12
Woman's Section
Special Features
f VOL,. XXXIV
t
V
1
PORTLAXD, OREGON, SUNDAY 3IORXLG, XOVE3IBKR 7, 1915
This Is "Tiger" Bed Spring Week at Powers
'TIGER" T?Pf nrincrs ara iAc. fliUl 1.
fortable made. "TIGER" Springs represent the highest
standard m bed spring manufacture. They are unbreakable
and, unlike the ordinary bed spring, are as well finished as a
high-grade piece of furniture. "TIGER" Springs are euar-
Big Demonstration and Sale
TIGER" Lock-Joint Spring
$4.95
Vbis? riser, ringr with diamond fabric, con
nected to angles by helical springs, fitted with
witCarBpeerc1i5npdri,cae,:Se.tUbe P'Pe frame" Thla
Band Steel "TIGER"
$6.15
v-A? elas"5 s,prIn8T consisting of narrow steel
bands with helical ends. Has square high riser
corners and is unusually comfortable. A spring
for particular people. Special this week.
anteed for 2 years and are mechanically correct. No other
brand of Springs carries such a guarantee. "TIGER" Springs
are sold only at this store, and are offered this week at a
special introductory price. "
Cushion Corner Special
$8.45
The highest quality suspension spring manu
factured. Absorbs all the jars and particularly
adapted for heavy people. Has the appearance
of a box spring.
"TIGER" Premier Coil
$4.75
A coil spring, black enameled, built of numer
ous tempered wire coils and very comfortable.
The angle side runners prevent any vibration.
Special this week.
See Special Display of "TIGER" Springs in Third-Street Window
TIGER" Coil Special
$6.95
The most comfortable low-priced coil spring
offered for sale. Has heavy border wire, un
usually flexible and metal band frame. Extra
special this week.
TIGER" Downy Rest
$11.95
'A spring with comfort in every Joint. A dou
ble deck, soft and pliable. Equal to any feather
bed you ever used. The elastic helical springs
0.10 uciiure win ever active to ine ngntest touch.
Oak, White Enamel or d o o q r
Maple Bedroom Suite J)D.OU
Powers' Terms $4.00 Cash, $1.00 Week
ioLl5 n .three wood
maple, oak or white enamel. Specially priced for this week All
pieces are of generous size and exactly as illustrated A suite thVf
w. improve the appearance of any chamber. The lSW rr'dit tf rm'
will help you wonderfully in your selection. Remember vou
always welcome to credit at rowers'. xvenicniDer, you are
Remarkable Showing High Quality
French
Wilton
Rugs
Anglo-Persian, Royal Kashan, Herati and Others
?naU d.es!ns French Wilton Rugs find much favor when
.p, 1. Sed,,n Present-day colors that avoid strong contrasts. You
wurind this new showing particularly adapted to your wants.
French Wilton Rugs.
27x54 - Inch size, at tf r Tff
only 3 O. 3
French Wilton Rugs.
36x63 -inch size, (in 7t
marked at O 1 Ktm I O
French Wilton Rugs,
4-6x7-6. large assort
ment at
$22.00
French Wilton Rugs.
6x9, 1 a r ge choice of COQ Cl
colors at PO73 K3
French Wilton Rugs, -
8-3x10-6. large as-gn f r
sortment of colors at wOOiUlf
French Wilton Rugs. .
9x12. scores of newdrr; ff
patterns at OUUiUU
u
Standard" Rotary '
Sit Straight
Sewing Machines
Guaran
teed for Life
So strongly do the makers
of the "Standard" Sewing Ma
chines believe in their quality
that they guarantee their ma
chines for life. Thirty years'
of constant endeavor have
made for them the distinction
of producing the world's most
wonderful machine. Come in
and learn about it..
$1
Ofl Week
AiUls All
v r
3 -Room Outfit
3127
rw-1 bsseat best, most attractive Three-Room
iWii Yr offerpd by ny store. The furnish
ings of three rooms complete kitchen, dining
room and bedroom. Rugs also are included, and
you will be more than pleased with the designs
and quality of the furnishings. We name credit
terms that are unusually attractive. See the out
lit assembled on our floor.
Gas Ranges Heaters
$1.00 Weekly
tA.T.B ?;,TAR.y iAS WANC8ES were awarded the gold medal
I'anama-Pacific International Exposition. They are the
most widely copied of all gas ranges and have features that do
not appear on other makes. The new automatic gas valve re-
.".emeu, DdT(r9 uvcr nun id luel consumption.
WERS' DUrWDABlB HEATERS are particularly adant-ThU;le-
,B7,5''tervi-e sell carried a double guarai
The guarantee of the maker as well as our own IW?r,'
ers range in price from $1.50 to $33.50. and are the best
ed fo
tee. Tho mi
Heaters range
Tiac
lav
SSrVk r pr"'e ,,n l50 to ?33.50. and are the best
made, the most economical and finest-appeaung heaters you
minfi J.OOKea V. 'n and select the style you have in
. wcun minis mane ii easy to buy and easy to pay.
"Model"
Dress Forms
.50
$1j00
Cask
50c
Week
ill
7
The Model" Auto
matic, Adjustable and
Collapsible Dress Form
is the simplest to oper
ate. You can quickly
and accurately duplicate
y o u r own figure, no
matter how many times
the styles change.
Worth
Worth
Worth
Worth
Worth
Worth
of Furniture
of Furniture
of Furniture
of Furniture
of Furniture
of Furniture
$ S.00 Cash $1.00 Week
$ 7.50 Cash $1.50 Week
$10.00 Cash $2.00 Week
$12.60 Cash $2.25 W eek
$15.00 Cash $2.50 Week
$20.00 Cash $3.00 Week
TO
I (QUALITY
TO FIND HOMES, IS AIM
OF PUBLIC LAND LAWS
Professor Arnold, of University of Idaho, Explains Evolution of Legislation
From Time of Abolition of Credit System.
BY EARL C. ARNOLD.
Professor of Law. University of Idaho.
AFTKR the credit system was abol
ished sentiment began to demand
that the system pursued relative
to our public lands be changed. People
advocated a system which-would pro
vide homes for American citizens at a
small expenditure of money.
Whether the system pursued always
has attained that object, nevertheless
providing homes has been and Is thi
objective of public land laws. No ques
tion has confronted the American peo
ple so long or so constantly as that
of the disposition of the public do
main. It has received the best thought of
the greatest of our early statesmen, as
well as those of the present day. It
furnished a subject for discussion by
Webster in his celebrated reply to
llaync. In view of subsequent de
velopments the following language oC
Henry Clay, as chairman of the com
mittee on manufactures of Congress,
proved prophetic:
"Long after we shall cease to be agi
tated, by the tariff, ages after our man
ufactures shall have acquired a stabil
ity and perfection which will enable
them successfully to compete with the
manufactures of any other country, the
public lands will remain a subject of
debate and enduring Interest. In
whatever view we contemplate them,
there is no question of such vast im
portance." So interwoven have been our public
lands with other momentous political
issues that legislation has been great
ly retarded. Jealousy of the larger
states which desired to keep the voung
er states from Increasing their popula
tion, and thus acquiring a large elec
toral vote, contributed to a policy det
rimental to the homesteader. More
than all else, the slavery agitation re
tarded the establishment of any defi
nite public land policy.
South Bar to Liberal Policy.
Most of the vacant public land was
In the North and West. The South
objected to a liberal policy allowing
the establishment of homes, because it
would mean an increase of population
In the Northern states and practically
no- Increase in the- South. It finally
became. a party question. In 1844 the
Free Soil party toott up the. agitation
of a homestead law as a part' of the
platform.
The Free Soilers merged into the Re
publican party in 1856. which vigor
ously pressed the fight for a homestead
law. In 1859 the homestead bill' was
introduced in the House and passed,
only to suffer defeat in the Senate.-The
following year it was again Intro
duced and passed the House and. after
much alteration and many amend
ments, passed the Senate.
President Buchanan vetoed it, giving
as his reason that Congress did not
have the "right to give away the pub
lic lands either to states or individ
uals." The homestead law was signed
by President Lincoln in 1862. it being
enacted after the Southern states had
seceded, thus leaving the North in
power in all departments of the Cbv-ernment-
Three Innn Vital la Shaping Policy.
It was believed by many of the
early American statesmen that if our
public lands could be opened for set
tlement It would solve the slavery
problem. Indeed the famous' words
of Foster, of Maine, spoken in 1860,
read like those of a prophet: "Give the
public lands to the people and you set
tle the slavery question."
In shaping our present policy three
great enactments stand as monuments
marking the trail the pre-emption act
of 1841. the homestead law of 1862 and
the three-year homestead law of 1912.
Prior to the pre-emption act land was
disposed of without an objective.
Special acts gave away, vast: areas.
The principal idea was to get rid of
public land for some little immediate
return,-no matter whecher it be ade
quate or not. The preemption act
was the connecting link between the
idea of securing revenue and providing
homes for the people. It was a com
promise between those two ideas, for
it accomplished both purposes. It
was the forerunner of . the general
homestead law of 1S62, under which
11 homestead entries were made prior
to 1912 and which is in. force at the
election of the entryman in certain
cases where final proof is now made.
The pre-emption act represents the
establishment of a general policy re
lating to our public domain. Under it
actual, settlers became a favored class.
Settlement was invited. The public sen
timent behind this policy is reflected
in the creation in 1849 of the home de
partment, now the Department of the
Interior, to which was transferred the
management of public land matters.
Under the pre-emption act the im
provement of and residence on not
more than 160 acres of land gave the
settler a preference' right to purchase
aJ a.m'nlm"ni price, in. most instances
at $1.25 per acre.
The three-year homestead law sim
Pi5'am'?nde1 tlle details of the act of
1862. No fundamental changes of pol
icy have been made since that date
though there may have been changes
in the administration of the laws Pro
viding homes for citizens of the United
States is still pursued as a policy, as
it has been for 75 years. While often
critics assail the administration of
some features of the law, the general
system meets the hearty-approval of
the people.
XO. 45.
DALLAS HAS ENTERED UPON THIRD
STAGE OF ITS ECONOMIC HISTORY
"Pioneer" Period Ended in 1900-Induitries Became Active and City Began Steady Growth-1910 Marks Turn-
ingPoint in Later Development as Seat of Rich Agricultural and Horticultural Region.
h I -iM" Dili . r& i
" " ' "MiMrMF ' gmd
VH 4y sYZun?- I -r??Cif, i'-rt 'r"i'rV-3 ' yA
i vtiiS" 'r w
-"MMUjMii ii I'llii ' 1 1 1 1 I l I t0
DALLAS. Or.. Nov. 6. (Special.)
Added blocks of pavement, sev
eral miles of macadamized streets.
an increased school enrollment, a gain
in the lumber output at the sawmill, an
extension of prune cultivation in the
adjacent districts, the advent of new
hiethods in the darying industry in the
farming sections, and a renewed inter
est in the hop industry have started
this city, as the seat of a rich agri
cultural and horticultural region, on
the third period of its economic his
tory. .
The "pioneer" period closed in 1900.
In that year came new activity in the
lumber industry, and smaller business
houses in . the city also sprang up in
large numbers. Steady, consistent
growth was noted", but 1910. according
to Dallas residents, marked the turn
ing point into the third period of de
velopment. With a substantial irain in
the city's population, and full resuming
or logging operations the primitive"
stage was left behind.
Dallas sawmills have lontr annnallv
afforded employment for several hun
dred men. but since 1910 new operations
in tne logging activity have furnished
steady employment for a larger num
ber. Dallas contributes one-half to
Polk County's annual lumber output of
40.000,000 feet. The logs are hauled
from the Siletz region back of Falls
City. Douglas fir is the principal va
riety, -while a scattering amount of
white pine is cut.
Three Railway Tap Timber.
Three railroads tap the heavily tim
bered districts of Western Polk County.
Rich agricultural regions will be
thrown open ultimately as the timber is
cut away.
During the past three years a move
ment for pavement was inaugurated
in Dallas and met with little opposition.
Bonds were Issued, and in the business
section at present the traffic Is heavy
on the pavement. The residence dis
tricts were by no means neglected, and
the macadamized streets are continued
in nearly every direction from this city
by partially macadamized roads.
The movement for street improve
ment in Polk County towns was fol
lowed by careful Improvement of the
roads in the outlying agricultural sec
tions. Farmers living in every direc
tion from Dallas now have easy access
to this city by smooth,, wide, and hard
highways. Products are hauled here
throughout the Winter months.
Many new buildings have gone up in
Dallas since 1910. A new $50,000 hiirh
school building: was erected, and has
attracted many students from miles
around in the country.
A $10,000 library was built and later
came the $15,000 armory. .The electric
light and power plant of the Oregon
Power Company is valued at $100,000.
Smaller manufacturing industries dis
tribute among the residents of this city
approximately $200,000 annually. Thev
are the sash and door factory, planing
mill, iron-foundry and machine shops,
tannery, ice plant and soda - works.
New, modern store buildings and line
residences are numbered among the
city's latest acquisitions.
As the result of an experiment early
in 1900 prune trees were set out in the
hilly regions between Dallas and Falls
City. The experiment disclosed that
where grain would not grow prune
trees would thrive and pay high re
turns. Other farmers readily adopted
the crop and the acreage was extended
to all points surrounding this citv.
Now Dallas is the prune center of Polk
County. Cherries. Bartlett pears, ap
ples, strawberries and other small
fruits have been permanently adopted
by this region.
In a normal year the Dallas product
of dried prunes Is 1.500.000 . pounds. The
average crop is 120 bushels an acre
and all expenses in getting the prunes
to the drier are 7 cents a bushel for
picking and $10 an acre for cultivation.
Profits are neither eaten or shattered
by any expense for smudge pots-or ir
rigation. Climate Is. Exceptional.
The climate for prune growing is ex
ceptional. The old orchards are well
protected from. the Spring frosts and
only in rare seasons is the crop affected
by cold weather. Hillsides serve as
protectors and there is no harm from
erosion, owing to the peculiar qualities
for absorption in the red soil. For
eign, markets get nearly all of Polk
County's dried prunes.
The Armsby packing plant, of Dal
las, annually cares for 4.000.000 pouiitls
of prunes and a steady increase is
shown in the yield under normal con
ditions. While farmers in the hills are giv
ing much attention to the prune crop,
there is a new movement which this
year is only commencing to gain a foot
hold here. This is dairying, which has
grown into this district from outside
dairying centers. A creamery- has
been erected here and is buying a
larger quantity of cream each month.
Dairying products in I'olk County dur
ing 1914 were valued at $250,000. while
the total amount of cream bought by
the creameries reached $500,000.
The average size of a Polk Count v
farm is 167.7 acres, but the tendency
has been during the last Ave years to
cut uj the larger places. The move
ment has been constant. Its effects
are shown by the many small dairying
ranches which have been cut from large
tracts. The little places are from 20
to - 40 acres,, on which intensity has
ben the keynote.
Farmers are storing away hay in the
Summer and little has been sold the
season past. Thousand-headed kale
is affording rich feed for dairy cows
during the entire year and new silos
are in evidence in many sections near
Dallas. The dairying industry has
spread gradually from the eastern
farming portion of the county to the
western and southern sections. It has
been demonstrated by the small farm
ers in the Luckiamute Valley that but
few acres are necessary to keep a herd
of from six to 10 cows and raise all the
feed that is needed.
The advent of new methods in dairy
ing, sanitary conditions, new milking
methods hertofore unused and the rais
ing of an abundance of feed have been
largely responsible for the remarkable
extension of dairying in the Dallas re
gion. .
Angora Coats Are Best.
Prizes received at county, state an.l
National exhibits stow that the fine
Angora goats of the Dallas region arc
the best in the . United States. Sweep
stakes have been carried away at East
ern .shows for years. Goats from Polk
County entered in competition with
stock from Europe, Canada and all
parts of the United States have won
the prizes. The quality of the mohair
is at the top notch. Three years ago
a -shipment of 250 pounds. 18 inche-s
long, brought $4 a pound from a New
York dealer.
Likewise sheep have won prizes n
heavy competition and ribbons and
cups preserved by the .stockmen form
a large collection, to which are added
new honors each year. Breeders have
not been satislied with any degree of
perfection in sheep. Attempts have
been made to improve the Cotswold.
the leading breed in this section, while
Importation from New Zealand has
been made for new breeds. The ave
rage value of sheep in Polk County for
years has remained at $4 a head.
Poultry Raising; Takes Hold.
Toultry raising about Dallas has at
tracted many city folk and as the re
sult of the new interest shown in this
line Dallas has formed ready markets
for poultry products. To encourage
this -industry, which is yet in its in-fancy.-
the Polk County Poultry Asso
(Concluded on 11.).