THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, OCTOBER 10, 1915.
FRENCH AVIATION
UNDER CRITICISM
Enormous Loss of Men and
t Planes Leads to Reor
k . ganization of Service.
BRITISH ARE UP TO DATE
Call Goes TTp for Several Thousand
Machines, So That Attacks Can
Be Made on Germany by
Formidably f'oroe.
BT CAROLYN TVTL-SON.
(Copyrighted. 1915, by the Chicago Tri
bune. Published by arrangement.)
PARIS. Sept. 14. Aviation becomes
more Important day by day. It is
necessary to provide more aeroplanes,
more aviators, more good pilots and
observers. Indeed, it is largely due to
this new factor of universal observa
tion that the present war is so totally
different from all preceding: wars.
Accordingly, since the number of
planes and men lost since the begin
ning of the war has been enormous,
and since there is a continual demand
for improvements in this arm of the
service, the French Minister of War,
M. Millerand, has appointed his fourth
undersecretary this time M. Rene
Bernard to be head of aviation and
aeronautics.
This new appointment rather con
firms the different rumors of dissatisfac
tion with the aviation arm which has
been vaguely whispered around Paris,
since in each of the three precedng
cases an undersecretary was put in
only when the criticism of the various
departments became too hot for AL
Miller and to care to shoulder the blame
alone.
IV ew Appointment Significant.
First there was the appointment of
M. Albert Thomas, the Socialist, as head
of artillery and munitions, then Mr.
Godart to take charge of the much
criticised service of health, and later
M. Thierry to take over the commis
sariat when the Desclaux case had
aroused so much talk.
So that this fourth appointment, al
though perhaps without cause, leads
one to think along the former lines
and wonder what really has been
wrong with the aviation.
Speaking of the Knglish aeroplane
supply I saw a picture the other day
of the inside of the new Curtis factory
which is turning out machines for all
three allies, I believe, England, Russia
and Italy, and it showed floor space for
25 finished machines. Quite enough to
take one's breath, when, according to
the fairly recent factories, space for
three or four finished machines was
considered a luxury.
The man who showed me the picture
told me that the Curtis people were
turning out from eight to 11 completed
machines a day which means about
300 a month if they can continue that
speed.
The French, on the contrary, have
placed no orders with American firms,
I believe. They are manufacturing the
name - type of biplane that they were
before the war. I was examining four
aeroplanes the other day two Ger
man ones which had been shot down
and two French, one absolutely worn
out from hard use, having made 115
reconnoissances in less than three
months. This same machine had been
hit in 404 places. The man, who is an
expert In aviation, was explaining the
difference to me betwen the German
and French types, and he says that
there is no effort made to save the
French machines. They are not put
under cover at all. They are practi
cally finished at the end of three
months, what with exposure and the
effect of the engines.
Germans Careful of Machines.
The Germans, however, make a large
part of their machines of light steel,
which keep their lines better than the
hollowed wood French ones. In the two
examples that we saw the French
props were warped all out of line. They
alao have their landing frame of steel
find only hinged and bolted on, fo that
if there is an accident on landing a
whole new landing frame and wheels
could be put on in 20 minutes, whereas
the French plane would have to go
back to the factory.
Presumably, then, the duty of the
new undersecretary will be to look in
to new inventions, put in new improve
ments, increase generously the size of
the air fleet. Indeed, Herve the other
day cried for several thousand planes
at once, which should be a real squad
ron in place of a nquadrilla, and
rhould go forth to Germany several
hundred strong.
Many of the best aviators have been
killed or wounded, find it seems that
the young ones who are training are
either careless or poorly trained, for
accidents are manifold.
"And of course it Is easy to replace
a man, but it's a nuisance about the
machines getting smashed," said a
young American aviator to me who has
been with the French army since last
October.
With Pegoud dead, Garros and Gil
bert prisoners, the aviators feel that
their star men are lost, so that re
cently several men whose nerve and
bravery, whose eye and steady hand
have already been tested, have been
asked to turn their services into the
aviation corps. Boillot, the famous au
tomobile racer, has been in training for
ome time past and has received his
second lieutenancy.
Air Safer Than Trenches.
It is a popular branch of the army
at any time, but the acceptance of ap
plications has been limited. Fairly
aafe certainly more so than the
trenches thrilling, good food, billeting
and pay. It appeals more to the sport
ing young men than life in the trenches
does.
A young Britisher who Is an aviator
came down to Paris the other day with
an officer in the intelligence bureau at
the front, and they told some inter
eflUng things about the air raids. But
nothing amused me more than to have
the officer say: "It is tacitly under
stood now that we won't bombard each
other's headquarters. One day our men
went out and dropped some bombs on
the Germans, and they were hardly
back ix. our lines again before the
Germans came and gave us six times
worse than we gave them. So. as I
cay. we don't do it any more."
These men both said that there was
cheering in the British trenches when
ever the news came that a Zeppelin
had been over London, for the soldiers
feel that this method may help awaken
Kngland.
THREE MOXAKCHS WHO HEAD LEADING COUNTRIES IN BALKAN
CRISIS.
New Park at Ashland 'Boinjr Sown.
ASHLAXP, Or.. Oct. 9. (Special.)
As an index of the extent of improve
ments going forward on the enlarged
park area, one Item alone includes
nearly 2000 pounds of grass seed which
will be used on the lawn portion of the
extensions. Automatic sprinklers will
irrigate the system.
A California yountr woman, -which In that
ftatfl manjt voter. s!ep in th back yard,
and authorities have d vela red her tent In
another county from the famllv mansion.
They want to rule out her registration, glv-
ios rUe to rest indignation oa -er part.
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SWEDEN NOT FREE
FROM PERIL OF WAR
Pro-German Element. Says
Socialist Leader, Is Power
ful Beyond Numbers.
PARTY ITSELF FOR PEACE
Falhirc of English Trade Negotia.
tions, Ocrnpled With Ontbrpak
in Finland, wtmld GiTe Hea.
for Apprden6ton.
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TOP KING CONSTASTIJIB OP" GREECE. BELOW (LEFT) KING PETER
O- SJSK.BIA. RIGHT CZAR FEBSUAJtO OF BULGARIA.
MR. LISTER FAVORS PLAN
SUCCESSORS TO RECALLED COM
MISSIONERS MAT BE APPOINTED.
Third Member Weuld Be Choi.cn by
Other Two Writs for Special
Election Also Proposed.
OL.TMPIA, "Wash., Oct. 9. (Special.)
Although Washington law provides
no method of filling vacancies such as
those existing in Yakima County,
where the entire Board of County
Commissioners has been recalled. Gov
ernor Lister has practically determined
to shoulder the responsibility of ap
pointing successors. He will go to
North Yakima to consult with citizens
for this purpose Monday.
One plan is for the Governor to ap
point only two Commissioners, these
'to name the third, while the other is
for him to appoint the entire Board.
In either event, it is probable that one
Democrat, and one only, will be ap
pointed, the voting strength of Yakima
County being heavily Republican.
To eliminate all possibility of legal
question, it has been proposed that the
recalled Commissioners, before the re
turns of the vote are canvassed and
announced officially, appoint the Gov
ernor's choices as their successors. The
recalled Commissioners have not indi
cated whether they will adopt this sug
gestion. The only other methods of filling the
vacancies that have been suggested
are for the Superior Court to take ac
tion, by appointing a receiver for the
county or for the Governor to issue
writs for a special election.
PRUNE HARVEST ENDS
POLK COUNTY CROP IS ABOUT TWO
THIRDS KORMAL
Early Contracts Brought Fire Ccvta a
Pound War Burt Export Trade
and Prices.
MONMOUTH, Or., Oct. 9. (Special.)
The prune harvest in Polk County vir
tually is ended and reports indicate the
total county output Is approximately
two-thirds of a normal yield, or about
10 per cent greater than last year.
Growers feared prunes would experi
ence a radical drop in price and some
contracts were closed early in the sea
son for 5 cents a pound. Polk County
depends upon the shipments abroad for
higfh or even average prices. "The war
has had a very noticeable effect upon
the prune income for Polk County this
year,' 'one grower explained. "The for
mer demand in Germany for our prod
ucts Is temporarily cut off."
According to several fruit special
ists who visited Polk County's leading
prune districts this season a profitable
field is open to the men who will grow
choice prunes for fancy packing. Ex
periments conducted in a few instances
by the growers favored with the best
land have disclosed that the demand
is strong for prunes in such a form and
that the product brings a good roar
gin of profit to the grower.
School children aided in gathering
this season s crop and from 7 to 10
cents a bushel was paid for picking.
Notwithstanding the decrease in
yield for two successive seasons, there
has been no abatement In the activity
of the growers, either in reference to
planting additional acreage or in at
tempts to change the form of the fin
ished product.
SETTLER LOSES HOME, DIES
A. V. HJgtey Shoots Himself When
He Transfers Property to Nephew
HOQUIAAT, Wash.. Oct. 9. (Special.)
Despondent over losingiis house at
Lake Quiniault in which he had passed
26 years of his life. A. V. Higley, th
earliest settler of the valley, ended his
life by shooting himself this morning.
The suicide followed the closing up of
details of an agreement by which he
transferred his ranch and hotel to his
nephew. Ransom Higley, aJid occurred
almost in the presence of his son, O. L.
Migley. and .Ransom.
Higley went to Quiniault Lake 26
years ago and was one of the first to
take up a homestead there. BesideB
being a pioneer of Quiniault he also
was a. pioneer of Grays Harbor County.
He spent a great deal of time and
money in the -effort to get a road built
to the lake and saw his hope realized
only this Summer. A sister, Mrs. R. H.
Smith, of Seattle, survives.
STOCKHOLM, Sept. 20. (Correspond
ence of the Associated Press.) There
Is only one combination of circum
stances which is llkoly to draw Sweden
Into the war, in the opinion of HJalmar
Brating, leader of the Socialist party
of Sweden, and generally admitted to
be the most likely candidate for
Premier at the next election.
"If the English-Swedish trade nego
tiations fall through." said Mr. Brat
ing to the Associated Press correspond
ent, "and at the same time trouble
should arise in Finland, the situation
produced by these two misfortunes
would be an alarming one. It would
then be impossible to restrain the pro
German element of this country from
rushing into war. This element is nu
merically small, but it is powerful be
yond its numbers.
We must not ignore the possibility
of such a catastrophe, and I cannot help
viewing the situation with grave apprehension.
War Itecardrd mm Possible.
"I still have hope that the difficulty
witn .England will be satisfactorily set
tled, and the possibility that the Ger-
manophlle Interests in Finland will stir
up trouble there is, I think, a remote
one. 1 do not, therefore, consider this
prospect of war particularly threaten
ing at the present time, but it is dis
tinctly within. the range of possibilt
ties.
"You know, of course, that my party
in bweaen stands almost unanimously
for peace. A few days ago three of our
members were accused of authorship in
the war book and voted out of the
party, but these were almost isolated
examples. They do not in any sense
represent the spirit of the party.
Views Too Theoretical.
"I cannot help feellnc that- our mis
understanding with England might
have been settled some time ago if it
had not been for the fact that the
Swedish members of the commission
have' been a little too theoretical in
their views. The English members have
presented a practical Issue and we have
answered by references to our tradi
tional rights as an Independent nation.
"We have argued that Sweden has
a right to carry on an uninterrupted
trade with another neutral country like
America. Of course, in the ordinary
Sweden has such a right, but some of
us are forgetting that this is not an
ordinary situation, which can be set
tied by considerations which would
bold in times of peace. England is
plainly Interfering with our sovereign
rights, but so is Germany, and if we
are to take action against every na
tion that has in this war committed of
fenses against Sweden, we might fight
me wnoie worio.
Commission Appointment Made.
SOUTH BEND, Wash., Oct. 9. (Spe
cial.) Guy Wentworth. Northern Pa
cific conductor, has been named by
the County Commissioners a member of
the county game commission to suc
ceed J. V. Padden, resigned, and who
has moved away.
Roscbnrg Has Tag Day.
ROSEBURO, Or., Oct. 9. (Special.)
A dozen pretty Roseburg girls spent
today on the streets selling tags for
the Albertina Kerr Nursery, of Port
land. Several thousand tags were dis
posed of during the day and consider
able money was realized.
EXTENT AND MEANING OF INVASION OF SERBIA BY ARMIES
OF GERMANY AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
The German official announcement of an invasion of Serbia indi
cates the invading movement is in progress along a large part of the
boundary between Austria and Serbia. The Danube forms the border
from the Roumanian frontier to Belgrade, the Save from Belgrade to
the northwestern corner of the country, and the Drina runs along the
western boundary to a point not far north of the Montenegrin line.
The Teutonic invasion marks the beginning of the expected campaign
against Serbia and may precipitate the crisis in the Balkans which
has been expected.
Recent developments have shown that Bulgaria was likely to co
operate with Germany and Austria by attacking Serbia from the east.
An army of French and British troops has been landed at Saloniki,
Greece, and sent to Serbia to assist in meeting the attack.
Authoritative figures of the number of Teutonic troops detached
for this campaign have not been given out. Unofficial dispatches
have estimated the number at 400,000 to 500.000 or more. German
and Austrian troops are said to have been dispatched to the Serbian
front from Russia and it is reported that Field Marshal von Macken
sen. the famous German commander, is in charge of these operations.
The extent of the front over which these movements are In prog
ress virtually the whole Serbian north and west borders indicates
that a large Teutonic army is being employed.
The German plan of campaign is believed to be to force a way
through Serbia and when either the active assistance or the passive
neutrality of Bulgaria is obtained, to reach the Sea of Marmora and
give assistance to the Turkish army.
WILLAMETTE U' ELECTS
MAXWELL BALL CHOSEX PRESI
DENT OF SALEM STUDENT BODY.
Office Will .Be Held During First
Semester Florence Page
Among Those Named.
WILLAMETTE UNIVERSITY, Salem,
Or., Oct. 9. (Special.) Last week was
a busy one at Willamette University, as
far as election of officers for the dif
ferent departments of student body
activities was concerned. The follow
ing officers have been elected; Seniors
Maxwell Ball, president: Florence
Page, vice-president; Eva Hogue, sec
retary; Joe Gerhart, treasurer; John
Gary, reporter, and Laura Ross, ser-geant-at-arms.
Juniors Emma Mlnton,
president; Violet Maclean, vice-president:
Esther Taylor, secretary; Sam
King, treasurer, and Willis Bartlett.
sergeant-at-arms. Sophomores Errol
Proctor, president; Gertrude Cunning
ham, vice-president; Luclle Jaskoskl.
secretary, and Lloyd Lee. treasurer. The
Criterion Literary Society of the acad
emy has elected the following officers:
George Lewis, "15, president: Lynn
Lonsberry. '15, vice-president: Mary
Findiey, '15, secretary; John Woodfin,
special, treasurer, and H. J. Hickerson,
special, sergeant-at-arms. AH the elec
tions are for the first semester only.
DEAF PUPILS GIVE PLAY
Moving Picture System Burlesqued
in Charles Chaplin & Co.
VANCOUVER, Wash.. Oct. 9. (Spe
cial.) Though handicapped on account
of having no speech, pupils at the
Washington State School for the Deaf
tonight put on a farce-comedy, to
which they Invited their friends and
the public The name of the "scream"
was "Charles Chaplin & Co.." and the
stunt was a take-off on the modern
method of making pictures. Among the
noted actors and comedians imperson
ated were Charles Chaplin. Ford
Sterling, Mabel Normand, the late John
Bunny, Grace Cunard. Francis Ford.
G. M. Anderson, Flora Finch, Fay
Tichenor and several others.
Though not a word was spoken, the
performance was hailed with great ap
plause, and all present enjoyed the bill
immensely.
OPEN NOSTRILS! END
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EASTERN MEN PROPOSED
EDUCATORS CONSIDERED TO HEAD
WASHINGTON STATE COLLEGE.
Reeeg aimed Leaders la Education Work
Recogalae Possibility of Pall
man Institution.
SPOKANE, Wash., Oct. 9. (Special.)
E. O. Holland, superintendent of the
public schools of Louisville. Ky., and
Henry J. Waters, president of the
Kansas Agricultural College, of Man
hattan, Kansas., are two prominent
Eastern educators now being seriously
considered by the trustees of Washing
ton State College to head that insti
tution as successor to President E. A.
Bryan, whose resignation will take ef
fect January 1.
Both men under consideration are
recognized educational leaders. With
others, they visited this state during
the Summer to inspect Washington's
educational plant at Pullman. Both
men were strongly impressed with the
possibilities for building up a great
Northwestern school in Eastern Wash
ington. Nearly two weeks ago. E. T. Coman.
of this city, chairman of the board of
regents of the college, left for the East
to visit the several men under consid
eration for the college presidency and
Inspect their individual work.
He visited H. L. Russell, dean and
director of the Agricultural Experi
ment Station at the University of Wis
consin, in addition to several others.
Including Superintendent Holland and
Dr. Waters.
The decision of the Washington
State College board of regents will be
made soon after Mr. Coman's return,
the middle of this month.
LINER'S POSITION PERILOUS
5ia.riposa, With Holds Foil and Deck
Gear Gone, Has Bad Iist.
SEATTLE, Wash., Oct. 9. The posi
tion of the Alaska Steamship Com
pany's express liner Mariposa, which
struck the rocks on Pointer Island.
B. C, yesterday, is precarious, accord
ing to word brought by Captain George
Lewis, of the steam yacht Cyprus,
which arrived today from Juneau,
Alaska. When the Cyprus passed
Pointer Island, a few hours after the
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wreck, the Mariposa's holds were full
of water, which was up to her deck.
The Mariposa had listed so far to star
board that all her deck gear had
slipped into the sea. Captain Lewis
said the vessel was in Imminent dan
ger of slipping off the rocky ledge
on which she struck into SO fathoms
of water.
The Alaska Steamship Company to
day chartered the Pacific Coast steam
ship Company's passenger liner City
of Puebla. Because of large accumula
tions of freight for Southwestern
Alaska ports, the Puebla will sail Oc
tober 12 direct for Cordova, omitting
the usual calls at Southeastern Alaska
ports.
Moat of the world's aourcrti of tin ore
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