THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, SEPTEMBER 19, 1915. WHY K are built for movement, not for rest, 'except during sleep, and our whole architecture is plan- d and braced and guyed for this pur- nse and for no other. A man can alk both long and briskly and be the tter for it. He may swing his arms r hours in wide,- circling and Chang s' movements, as with the axe, the ythe, the hoe and the pick, and be 'tie the worse. But he begins to get Into physical ouble at once as soon as he sits still. that the more moving about and e less sitting still in any one position id place that we can do during bust les hours the better it will be for us, t merely physically, but also men lly. The wearing and baekaching effects : sitting still are greatly increased by idly shaped and sloped chairs and by ulty positions, especially such as used be forced upon us at the desk, for stance, when most of our correspon nce had to be written by hand. Here -aln quite a little of the fatigue and jadache that comes from a long after-' laon at the desk is due to the muscle rain from the huraped-over, cramped sltlon and from the incessantly re tted monotonous hand and arm move ents of writing. The invention of stenography and of e typewriter was a wonderful step ward the Improvement of the health id comfort of the business man and ie office worker. The typewriter it lf gave release from the most cramp g and chest-narrow'ng part of their rudgery to the members of the office rce who have to do the actual writ g of letters and documents, both by -rmittlng a more erect and whole me position to be maintained and by Hing both hands into play, with fuller m movements of each. The singular old tradition that a pair to be healthful must be as ralght-backed as our conduct and as ctangular as our sense of right and rong. has been responsible for an lormous amount of unnecessary fag id backache, to say nothing of stoop loulders and mild curvatures of the Ine. Fortunately, the revolving of e chair, with its spring and its back ard tilt, has begun to relieve a good hal of that already. The seat of the eal chair should not be horirzontal. it should be at least an inch or two ches higher in front than at the back. that our much-denounced but ln Herate 1-abit of tipping backward in tr chairs and rven putting our feet on tables and desks was not merely i assertion of Independence of con ation and of a right to comfort. Taut great physiologic merit. If you e going to sit still long, as in posting on some necessary data, or reading long document or book, by all means SALT AND ITS V AMIE'S mother was going to have J company for dinner, and had de- alch suited Jamie very -well. So Jamie's Uncle -Bob, who was big, it not so very old, and went to a hool called high school, offered to irn the Ice cream freezer, and of urse, Jamie wanted to help. So aft- hls mother had stirred in the eggs id sugar and everybody had tasted to see if it was just right, Jamie id Uncle Bob cracked the ice and hied the bucket around the tin can. eking it down tight with layers of e and salt. Jamie turned the handle until he it tired, then Uncle Bob took his ace. When little boys" hands are not isy their heads usually are. and unfile, happening to look at the bag salt lying on the cellar floor, sud rily inquired, "Say, Uncle Bob, do iu know anything about salt?" Uncle Bob laughed. "I ought to." 1 replied. "We had salt for a com 'Sltlon at school last Spring, so I less I can tell you something about Jamie clapped his hands. "Oh, ody" he cried. "I just love to hear ories about things like that." Uncle Bob ran his hand through his kir, and thought for a minute, then began. "Under all the land, way !)Wn deep in the earth, there is wa- r. Some of It is still and other frta of it are running, like creeks, me of the water Is fresh, like that springs. But in certain parts of e country, the water down under a ground is salty, just like sea wa- r. "What makes it salty?" Jamie ked. "Wall, the salt in it was part of a earth, at one time some salt was tha rocks, some of it in the ground. nd the water washing and washing against the rocks and ground, melt- 1 the salt and so the water became lty." "Oh, is that why the ocean is salty?" mle Inquired. "Yes," Uncle Bob answered. "You how there are lots of rivers empty- g into tha ocean, and they all bring tiny bits of salt from the land, too. "Sometimes the water is so near tha p of tha ground that it bubbles up om springs, and then when it flows vay, it makes a salt creek. Almost a first salt creek that we know about 1 this country, was In Jackson Coun--, Ohio. Years ago, tha buffaloes and diana cama to that creek and got tit water. Every animal and every I ron has to have a certain amount salt to live. Did you ever taste a ar when you were crying?" Jamie lidded. "It tastes salty," ha said. a that the reason we eat salt in al ost everything?" he asked. "Yes," answered Uncla Bob. "Our ood has to have a whole lot of salt It. to do its work right" "Blood tastes salty, too!" Jamie led. "Once when X cut my finger put it Into my mouth and it tasted st as salty!" "Well, about 300 years ago, the white en found this salt creek. They would me for miles around and carry home li salt on horseback to their families id cattle. It was so valuable, that at i time It was used for money. "That's funny 1" Jamie said. "Sup- kse I want to tha store and asked for salt's worth of candy!" "Than salt was not bo cheap aa It is MSI P5pM mPEIUS-fORTJIS IXQH? ONES jggaE& I .. WE? CJZT get a footrest or another chair whose seat' will stand bootneels. and put your feet upon it. That Is practically the only way In which you can keep a healthful and ideal sitting position. And the modern fashion of having footreata to match the parlor furniture not mere bun like footstools, but real footstools half a yard high, is for once In the right dtrection and sensible, get tha mova ble back of your office chair so that It fits snugly into the hollow of the small of your back, swing back at an .angle of at leatt 30 degrees, hold your bead up and your chin out while you do your dictating or receive the reports of your staff or discuss matters in con ference, and yeu will keep not only your bo.ly more comfortable, but your head clearer. Of course, when you begin to get warmed up and really Interested, you will probably find yourself bending for ward, thrusting your bead into the mid dle of the argument and "going to it." But begin in this attitude, keep it as long as you can and return to it again after your lapses of using your head as a batteringram instead of a thinking machine. Remember that any position main tained for too long becomes fatiguing, yes, Injurious. Poses are always bad, no matter how correct they may have been in the first place. The secret, not mrely of health, but of life itself, is constant restful change of position and variety of movement. If you realize this and take advantage of every opportunity to change your po sition, to call new muscles into play, which presents itself during business hours, you will be surprised to find how much exercise you can secure and how much fresher and less fatigued you will feel at the end of the morn ing or the afternoon. If you want to consult a book or a record, or a paper across the room, go and get it yourself; don't ring for the office boy. Aa soon as you feel your concentration on the subject matter In hand is beginning to flag. If you can think of any useful errrand into the next room or down to the next floor or some other part of the establishment, get up and do it. If the temperature of the room la too cold or too warm, go over and fix the radiator. And when you have diffi culty In deciidlng some point, get up and go over to the window and throw It wide open; fill your lungs full three or four times "and do a little wind-milling with your arms. You have lost three or even five minutes' time, but when you go back to your desk your difficulty has often settled itself and you wonder 'why you couldn't see through it before. Plenty of fresh, cool air, particularly MANY USES now. It cost about $8 a bushel, and a bushel is from 80 to 80 pounds. Just think! almost 10 cents a pound and now it isn't much over a cent a pound."' ""How dldvthey get the salt out of tha water?" Jamie asked. "They had hlg kettles, which they filled with salt water, then they built great wood fires under them and boiled the water. It boiled and boiled and boiled, and most of the water went up in the air as steam. But of course the salt couldn't fly away, so it stayed in the kettles. Then they would scrape it out -and pack it in bags or boxes and carry it away. That was the first factory for making salt out of salt water. - Uncle Bob turned and turned the handle of the ice cream freezer as he talked. "Now-a-days there are great big factories where they make salt. Just think how much salt It takes for everybody in the whole world! "Whenever there is a big under ground lake of salt water, they driva deep wells into the ground and jfump the salt water up. Then it is run into long, shallow wooden boxes called heaters' with a lot of copper pipes filled with steam, in them. The hot steam helps to evaporate the water that means that the water separates into little bits called water vapor and files away. There are lots of things in the sale water that ought not to be in the salt, like mud and stuff, so they put in something called alum and that makes the . impurities fall to the bottom of the boxes. Sometimes when there is a lot of iron in the salt, it is red, and that kind of salt Is used by people who makes vases and bowls out of clay to give them a pretty, shiny look. "The hot, salty water is run into what is called gralners, and heated until all of the water evaporates, and just the salt is left," "Why is the salt we use on thetable so much finer than this we put on the ice to freeze tha ice cream?" Jamie wanted to know. "If tha water evaporates vary quick ly, the salt crystals ara large. 80 when APPLB AND PEAR PUZZLE. Vacation is over and little Johnnie and his sister ara on their way to sohool once mora. Their lunch basket contains, among other good things, a large apple for Johnnie and a pear for his sister.s See if you can flad them by cutting out tha blaek spots and fitting them together. that air in motion which we denounce as a "draught," Is absolutely life saving as a preventive of brain fag for the indoor worker. Indeed, not a lit tle of the value of exercise comes from the way in which It promotes internal ventilation, by making the muscles burn up cleaner or into gasedus form, certain parts of the waste and by mak ing the heart beat harder and faster, so aa to flush out every corner of the system with oxygen-loaded blood.' There are artificial systems of ven tilation which work after a, fashion and are better than none. But for the hard and keenly .interested Indoor worker nothing Is half so good as both the simplest and roost natural method, opening the windows and letting the fresh air blow right in from where It grows. "But It is hard to avoid draughts," expostulates someone. That is pre cisely one of the advantages of It. Draugts. that la currents of cool air, falling upon the bqdy surface, are the finest mental tonic known. And If you are well fed and exercised and reason ably free from germs and foul air poi sons, they will do you no harm what ever, but enormous amounts of good. "But think of the changes of tem perature with each time of the day or drop of the thermometer or shift of the wind!" That again is another point to the good, to keep you from feeling too comfortable in the office chair and com pelling you to get up at least every hour or so and wrestle with the win dows. Th wind blows your papers and precious documents about. Get a few paper weights and spend a few minutes in the arm exercise of using them. They are cheaper than a coffin plate or a marble tombstone andean be got out from under much more easily. The bast all-around exercise ever yet invented, and fortunately the easiest to get. Is walkin. It exercises not only as la often mistakenly supposed, the legs, but the aides, the back, the lungs, the heart. th great muscles of tha abdomen, of the shoulders, the neck, everything in fact except the arms and hands. And if a stick be carried and swung abcut freely, first In one hand, then in the other, taking care, of course, r.ot to endanger your fellow pedestrians' eyes or shins thrown back over the shoulders, caught under the arms at the small of the back, used as an Imaginary golf club at loose pebbles, or to slash down weeds or lop off overhanging tranches in the woods, even this defect of walking can be rem edied and the arm muscles kept in good firm, vigorous trim. It is rarely if one ever makes up his mind to it, that even the busiest man cannot work in a little stretch of walk or strolling, either before or after they want fine salt, they put some thing in the salt water to make it evaporate slowly sometimes butter and sometimes tallow." "Oh." "Then the salt is taken out of the gralners with shovels and piled on boards, where it is left all night. The next day it is shoveled into wheel barrows and spread out to dry better. It takes about a week for it to dry enough to be put into barrels ready to be sold. - v "There is another kind of salt called rock salt the klnd'that Grandpa gives to his horses and cows to lick. It is buried In the ground like big rocks and has to be mined dug out or blown out with dynamite." "Isn't it funny that so many things we eat come out of the ground?" James said. "'But say. Uncle Bob, why do you put salt in with the ice when you freeze Ice cream?" "You're as bad as the teacher for ask ing a fellow questions, Jamie," Uncle Bob laughed. "I'd have to know things If I. lived with you very long. Well, the salt makes the ' Ice melt and It takes a certain amount of heat to melt a certain amount of Ice. So the melt ing ice takes the heat out of the Ice cream and the ice cream freezes. Do you understand that? It's the best 1 can explain it to you, anyway." ' "Sure, I understand it," Jamie re plied. The freezer handle was very hard to turn, now, so Uncle Bob called Jamie's mother. She took the dasher out and let Jamie eat all the Ice cream that stuck to it. Between bites, while Uncle Bob and mother were packing the ice around the freezer, Jamie announced: "Mother, I know-where salt comes from now. Uncle Bob told me a fine story about it." TABBY CATS. Many of you own Tabby cats. Do any of you know from what the lame "Tabby cat" Is derived? Tabby herself is unconscious that her name comes from Atab, a famous street in Bagdad. This street is inhabited by the manufacturers of the silken stuff called Atabl. The wavy markings of tha watered silk made by these people resembles pussy's coat. at business hours or in some interval In between, or perhaps even after din ner, before going to bed. so as to even up his oxygen balance. There is one thing to be strictly avoided, and that is trying to do too much of it in the morning before the day's work. This may result in giving your system two kinds of fatigue poi sons to struggle with, instead of one. Just enough of a brisk and enjoyable walk over to the train and from the train to the car to the office, or up and down, the hurricane deck of the ferry, to get your lungs well breezed out and your blood circulating and your skin cooled and toned up. Stop well short of any kind of fatigue. There was a good deal of shrewd, unconscious wisdom in Sidney Smith's Little Stories of the Great War Saw Something; to Do and Did It. THERE is a message straight from tho battlefield to every boy grow ing to manhood in the fact that a young Canadian Sergeant, H. A. Jarvis of Winnipeg, has been awarded a dis tinguished conduct medal -for gallantry in action Just because he saw some- Her Costume Salts Her Exactly. thing to do and did it without waiting to be told. This is the way in which he modest ly tells his story in a leter home: "That evening I was sent out on a very dangerous Job. We had to dig a communicating trench out of another trench which had been taken by us from the Germans. It was to enable the men to go to and fro without be ing seen. I did not know where to go, so I followed the men in front till they halted. When I got to the front I asked for the officer in charge, but no one knew where he was. There I was with 60 men with shovels Unnd empty sand bags and no one to show us what to do. I went ahead and came upon a place that had been blown to pieces and another place where there was no trench. I went back and put It up to the men. I told them that we could do some good work and asked them to help out. They were all out in tha open about midnight, and al though the enemy's rockets mada the place look like day and though they were continually firing, yet I had a sharmed life. I walked backwards and forwards on a stretch of about 100 yards, urging, cheering and encourag ing tha men. No one was hit. "About 1 A. M. a captain of the en gineers came along and wanted to know who was In charge and they sent him to ma. Ha started to get on to ma about being in tha wrong placa. I told him it was not up to ma and ex plained about being left with no in structions. He asked ma who told ma to dig the trench and I told him no one. I thought it was needed, ao. dug it. He said he would like to see what I had done. I showed him and he said. 'Splendid! You hava dona fine. What is your name? Ha made a note of It and told ma If I had not dona as I had tha boys in front would, hava baaa cut 7 "a L'Si-i n:" ""HSI? TII' J famous question "Whose?" when the famous doctor at the Well3 of Bath or dered him to walk for half an hour be fore breakfast on an empty stomach. Gymnasium work Is excellent but it has certain drawbacks. First, that it is not interesting in itself and so you are apt soon to tire of it and drop out, un less you can stimulate yourself by the excitement that conr.es from working with a class and against mild competi tion. And second, that you are apt to overdo It and try to concentrate all your lost exercise for several days past into one delirious and conscientious half hour with the dumbbells or the pulleys, with the result that you are so stiff and sore-and crippled up the next day that you won't want to go back to .the place for a week. The swimming tank is excellent. Moderate exercise around tho running track with at least a few windows ofT They would have been unable to bring out their wounded or take ra tions in to the men across 100 yards of open ground and the Germans only 300 yards away. The snipers continual ly watch all weak places like that. I was pleased with the way he spoke. They say it means I shall get the dis tinguished conduct medal next to the V, C. I had no idea I was doing any thing great." Back to School. IN the Spring we hear the expres sion "Back to Nature." In the early Fall we hear "Back to School!" Some queer mistakes have been found on school children's test papers. Here are a few blunders culled from a teacher's record book. "A man who looks on the bright side of things is called an optimist; and a man who looks on the dark side of life is called a pianist." "An optimist is one who attends to the eyes, while a pessimist is one who looks after the feet." "The names of five Shakespearean plays are: Macbeth, Mikado, Quo Vadis, San-Toy and the Sign of the. Cross. "Stiakcspeare was a great writer only he used too many familiar quo tations." "Milton's chief work was to 'lose Paradise. He also wrote a sensible poem called tha "Cantebury Tales." They were too sensible to bury, for they still live." "You aak what I know about Dryden' and Pope. At first they were friends, when cne day they became contempo raries." "The three most Important Feudal dues were Friendship, Courtship and Marriage." "You want to know where the Kings of England were crowned. On their heads." ' "The chief clause In the Magna Charta was that no free man should be put to death or be Imprisoned with out his own consent.' "The principal products of Kent ara Archbishops of Cantebury. "Alexander the Great was born in the absence of his parents." "Edward the Third would hava been King of France if his mother had been a man." , "My favorite character In English History was Henry "VIII because ha had six wives and killed them all." "It was said of William Rufus that lie never smiled again.' Ha did this after he was shot by aa arrow with an apple on his head." Happiness at Home. Detroit Free Press. "Do you know," he stammered, "you could make my wife mighty proud of me?" "I could?" asked his boss. "How? "Just by raising my salary, was the reply. olatloa to Apple ail Pear Pass! a. open at the top, and the hot douche and cold shower at the end are almost as good as the exercises in their tonic and cleaning-out effects, what between sweating nd gaspir.g. In the Summer time, of course, the problem is much less difficult. Then you can choose between tennis and croquet, and boating and yelling and arm-waving on the bleachers; and golf, gardening and a score of health giving amusements. not the least among which is rocking backward and forward in a comfortable chair upon the porch in the evening, or sitting out on the benches in the park to hear the band play. The main thing is to soak yourself in the fresh air and stretch and enjoy yourself out of doors with every wind of heaven blowing upon you. As to dumbbells, Indian clubs and home exercisers the same blight Is THE GOOSE GIRL THIS is little Gretel. She lives in Holland the land of dykes and windmills, you remember and she is a goose girl. No, no. that doesn't mean that she is a "a goose." but sim ply that she tends to geese during the day, while they are feeding in the soft, sweet marshlands. Her father Is very proud of his geese and. indeed, they He Asked Me Who Told Me to Dig the Treaclu are a very Important part of the fam ily's income each year. What is so good to eat as a sleek, fat goose, nicely cooked? Awkward creatures they ara, - with nothing of the grace of the swan; and they are such silly things! Notice Gre tel's wooden shoes and see how she stumps along in them. Why. bless us, Gretel looks almost as awkward as the geesa she is driving, doesn't she! Also please note her queer head dress of which she is very -proud, for it is as starched and stiff and white as tha bosom of y6ur papa's shirt- And see the queer, old-time skirt and little Jacket she is wearing. By all means do not overlook her flaxen hair, tied in two littlo "pigtails" down her back. And yat if you could see Gretel in the flesh you would find her a most at tractive little miss. More than that, you would conclude that her costume suits her exactly Including her hard wooden shoes and that she looks very pretty and cunning as she drives her geese along toward home after a fat day's feeding. If aver you are in Holland you will see. lots of little Gretels who look just like tha one in the drawing. Fulton's Success HAVB you evar said to yourself on seeing an invention, "Why, that looks simple enough for anyone to hava thought it out!" Things often look easy and are simple in their con struction, yet their very simplicity may hava mada it more difficult for the in ventor. After working years and years on a steamboat. Robert Fulton, in 1S07 finally had the pleasure of seeing his Clalrmont steam up the Hudson from New York to Albany. Tha trip was 150 miles, and ha mada it in S3 hours. Ona fine day aarly la August orowds over them as over all sorts of apparatus made and intended to "improve" you. They are not a bit interesting in them selves and you are almost certain within a very short time to tire of them and use them merely as bedroom or naments after that. And besides, un less you use the mildest and the light est, you are apt to be bitten by the de mon of making up for lost time and overdo or overstrain yourself. Indeed, better average results can be got from simple, empty-landed exer cises of the familiar wind-milling type. Both arms together, -alternate, backward, forward, one going one way and one another; striking your hands behind your back, bending back with your arms up over your head and your face toward the ceiling, like Ajax de fying the lightning, and swinging down, claspknife fashion between your spread-apart feet and knees. Swinging forward until your finders touch the floor, until your- knuckles touch the floor; putting your hands upon the fotorall of your bed and bending down until your chest rests upon it and then pumping up and down? Standing with your back to it and reversing the per formance. Three minutes before and five min utes after your bath of this sort of thing and thf same at night will do wonders toward keeping your joints limber and your muscles elastic and in good tone, as well as improving your circulation and your wind. You can even set a good deal of ben lit from various wigglings and twist ings. shoulder shruggings.,iide-stretcli-ing movements and so on, as you lie in bed before you get up in the mornlns and just before you go to sleep at night. It is an excellent thing to go through these wallowing and squirm ing and swimming movements just be fore you get up, so as to wake yourself up thoroughly and get your heart keyed up to the higher pitch at which it will have to beat as soon as you get out of bed and stand erect, without causing such a rush of blood from the head and into the feet as sometimes is induced, especially if your arteries are getting a little stiff. Never forget that all these things are only palliatives and compromises. When we really come to base our busi ness hours and our methods of work upon Intelligence instead of habit, and farm habits at that, and to plan our working day with our hands instead of with our hind feet, as at present, we shall find that by keeping ourselves in the pink of condition and at the high est pitcu of efficiency we shall do bet ter work and more of It. not only in eight hours than in 10. but. as is the opinion of the most experienced effi ciency engineers, probably in six than In eight. At least that is the milen nium to which we biological engineers look forward. went down to the Hudson River to sea the results. Many were there who went to jeer, and few bad confidence in tha Invention. To run a big boat just with steam! The Idea seemed absurd. But Robert Fulton had labored hard and well, and he knew the work he had undertaken, and he was sure of his success. "He who laughs last laughs best." he said to those who came to mock. And very soon he had the laugh on them. Jt took many years for the steam boat to become perfect enough to make crossing the ocean in one both safe and inexpensive enough to make this mode of traveling easy. In 1S40. and even later, it took over six weeks to cross the ocean In a sail ing vessel, and as late as that sail boats were used because steam boats were not yet considered practical. Can you imagine being tossed on the ocean for six weeks in a sailboat? Robert Fulton was born in 1765 and died In 1S15. lie. w as an American en gineer. In 1733 he conceived the Idea of propelling a boat by steam, but did not put his idea into practice until Au gust 11, 1807. In 1814 Fulton con structed the first United States war steamer, and he was engaged In mak ing a submarine torpedo when he died, on February 24, 1815. . The Best Book IF I should read a million books, I would not ba as wise. As if I studied trees and brooks Out underneath the skies. For there is where tha pigeons build. And where they try their wings. And where the good brown earth is tilled. And where tha robin sings. And where the silk worm weaves and spins. And where the blossoms blow. And where the rivulet begins And where the berries grow. A million books will do no harm. But think of nature's stores. Of birds and bees and endless charm Hurrah! For out of doors! Our Puzzle Corner HIDDEN TREES. 1. When interviewing the chief, I recalled my father's advice. 2. Without further ado, a knot was tied. 3. We were told to help Alma all we could. 4. Grace darted forward, unafraid. 6. We placed a tulip la each per son's hand. WORD SQUARES. My first is where tha family wash is hung. My second is enclosed space. My third is not in front. My fourth is what mother will do to the socks. Aaawera. Hidden Trees 1, fir; 3, oak; 8, palm; 4, cedar; 6, pine. Word square YARD AREA REAR DARN