The Sunday Oregonian., August 15, 1915, SECTION SIX, Page 2, Image 66

the sirypAY oitEooyrAy. portxattp, august
1915.
rBRLANBi
--- ' fn -r, v'" - "- " . -of.
I sTa
X
r 1 v " - . I ft J
M 1
' y- v
... -l.
r' : -
,.r.
11
Mm
Jfe?- ' i?SN$i; V AT ZURICH SHOWDC
0?
V
fA
1
mi
4,
4 2
3
ri'h ,1
4?
73- S
I
If
SUV ? f't
4
9.
1 i5
3t
fa If
I ft
4
rM TXt ILMtSTWAJBS U3MSOW '
iITH otlsbberlBC nations at war.
or on tha verv of It. Swltxar
laad. with Its aufunt mountain!
and lovelr valleys, rasts In peace.
MorooTsr. for a hundred rears 8wlter
land has had no war with any other
country.
This Is not necana of pusillanimity or
lark of military skill, for the history of
the Swiss soldiery and what It has dons
for other nations, aa well as for Its
own Intecrlty. Is emblazoned In the
records of thousand victories and In
as many brave defeats. Yes, the Swiss
can fla-hL Their army. too. Is kept In
the best of condition and has been
termed the most efficient mllltla fore
In existence, or was before the present
war broke out. All youna- men when
they come of ace must s"0 before an
examining board, and those who bar
sustained the rather easy tests suc
cessfully are drafted Into the recruit
Ing schools. Those who fall because of
educational defects are compelled to at
tend special . recruiting schools, and
thoee who are physically unfit have to
pay a special tax.
After the young men have been
trained ta the recruiting schools they
moat serve lo the active army until
they are IX being called upon for drill
every other year: the cavalry every
year. At the age of SI they pans Into
the Landwehr and after that Into the
lndsturm. In this way Switzerland
has aa army of more than half a mil
lion men with a population of only a
little more thaa three ml U lag grrsons
Every soldier keep his . outfit at
home ready for instant use whenever
he may be called upon, and the arms In
every district' are rigidly Inspected
from time te time) to make aura that
they are la good order.
The Swiss do not have a command
ing Ceneral only a general staff but
If there should be a war the Federal
Assembly would at once elect a Cen
eral to take command. There Is aa
complete aa absence of class distinc
tions la the Swiss army as Is consist
ent with the maintenance of effective
discipline. Only when drilling la In
progress Is one man superior to the
other. At other times they walk arm
ta arm or work eld by side officer
and private.
The Concordat expresses the confi
dence of the Swiss people In their
army when It says: "The Independ-
stability aad peace from widespread
and long-prolonged efforts for Indepen
dence. The Teutons followed the
Romans aad the Franks la turn estab
lished their supremacy.
la French Switzerland Jhey still talk
of the good old times of Queen Bertha
of Burgundy. The bouses of Zaerlngen.
Savoy and Hapaburg la turn left their
Impress spon the hilly little country
before they were overthrown by the
hardy Swiss peasants. One must know
something of the long struggles of the
Swiss to understand what their peace
ful century really means.
It la approximately to the time of the
formation f the Swiss Confederation
' MONUMENT TO TOSTM-UKTOH".
VOraC OF THE SCULETOR- SAINT-
foist one upon Switzerland, this coun
try became the battlelleld of Europe.
Those who approved the "one and undi
vided Helvetia republic" prescribed by
France dealred to help that country by
waging war against Austria. The conn
try was so distracted that la some battles
Swiss soldiers fought on both sides.
While the two parties of centralists
and federalists were trying to frame
constitution that should replace that of
the Helvetic Republic, Napoleon took
matters In his own bands, and the act
of mediation was signed by Swiss
emissaries under his direction.
While this was an Improvement over
the Helvetic constitution. France
that the picturesque atory of William treated Switzerland merely as a vassal
until the Congress of Vienna once more
established Switzerland's Independent
position among the nations. The sig
natory powers on March to, lilt, made
"formal and authentic acknowledgment
of the neutrality of Switzerland, and
they guaranteed her the Integrity and
Inviolability of her territory within
her new boundaries.".
There were great men to stand
rswff'vil'-'-
r ' -4
w -
3T-JT
1 Sis'.'!
.. ..v. . Ski -f.ftu TTr ..-.- MT.i"
Ho
2 ii.wi3i 'it,;.
I
3
Tell belongs. Of recent rears It haa
been considered mythical, but It waa
one of the several stories published at
the end of rhe ISth century when the
Swiss Confederates had defeated the
great Charles ths Bold of Burgundy. In
an effort t magnify the greatness of
the Swiss they told heroic tales of
prominent' men of the three districts
that formed the nucleus of the Confed-
THE, 50LDIEJRJ PHO
KEEP THE PEACE.
OF CSmTZEBLAND
1.
V
n
c .. r" ' 1 f
' , 1 i
ration, Tell, who Is alleged to have ,poB4or for 8wltB.rUBa., ,w ,B(U.
been merely a mythical personage. Is
the only on whoee story has survived.
In the great battle of Morgarten the
Confederate cemented their union.. aa.
athllatlnsT the mounted knights, al
though they were only rude peasants on
foot. After this ons provlnoe after
another Joined the Confederation and
the period between the Swabiaa war
and the Reformation waa one which the
Swiss regard as ths most glorious of
their country In war and diplomacy.
Every nation la Europe was bidding for
the favor of Switzerland and this little
nation . was able so to throw Its In
fluence as to hold the balance of power.
pendence. Metternlch signed for Aus
tria. Richelieu for France, Wellington
for England. Humboldt for Prussia and
Capo d'Istria for Russia. The person
who prepared the text was Charles
Pleteet de Rochemont. the Swlas rep
resentative' at the Congress.
As It had been a French revolution
which in 17tt caused the old Swiss Con
federation to collapse, so it was an
other French revolution which la ltto
gave the signal for the political re
generation of Switzerland on demo
cratic lines. The Swiss people esme
together la open-air meetings to
Arfioinin states ware fired to emulate formulate their demands for more
the example of the Swlaa Confederatea na J-am ix emorce mem. neloped. Zurich had
and one after another gained freedom reutions ror me revision 01 ms con- Jm4 tg j,gjijativa and administrative
from the feudal shackles. A great titutlon wera drawn up and so rigor- d,pkrtm4nt, better than any other can-
wave of democracy awept over the re- OUB,T pressea m cnanges were maee ton pr0m the primary schooU to the
in exile, and Louis Napoleon, afterward think only of fulfilling the duties your
Kapoleoa Ill.ewae a Swiss burgess, hav- native country Imposes upon you. At
Ing been naturalised, passed through a tack the enemy boldly, fight bravely
military school and become captain of and stand by your flag to the last drop
the Swiss Army. When France mad a of blood. But as soon ss victory Is de
a.a w Ti.i. v.nMeon he eiven elded In our favor forget every feeling
demand that lule Napoleoa be glvea of T(S t. act llk6 generous soldiers,
up on the ground that he was a po- fop you wm thu, prov your cour.
lltlcal Intriguer, the Swiss refused, and aga. under all circumstances oo what
when France ordered an army or I have already commanded you re
000 men against her "turbulent neigh
bor" determined little Switzerland set
out to protect her borders. Louis Na
poleon, however, left the country
rather than embarrass it by his pres
ence. Thus one war of the century was
avoided. '
About this tlm internal
"i Ill
- Js"!fci', ill
XSE.LLQN. OF LUCERNE,
spectlng. churches and all buildings
consecrated to divine service. Nothing
will. disgrace your flag more than in
sults to religion. Take all the de
fenseless under your protection; do not
allow them to be Insulted or mal- . . , . , . ' . . . .
treated. Do not destroy anything un- to win respect and to show yourselves went into the war and at the end of
necessarily: waste nothing: in a word, worthy of the name you bear." 20 days peace was declared, with only
troubles conduct yourselves in such a maner aa With this spirit the Union forces trifling losses.
organ-
gloa. greatly terrifying the nobility and
others whoee Interests were threat
ened. The nrzt civil war of the Confedera
tion waa the eo-called old Zurich War.
In reality It was a struggle between
state rights and nationalism and na
tionalism was victorious. The Swiss
Confederation became a new power In
Europe and within the next few years
formed many alliances.
in many places.
The efforts of the rural population
to get better representation and the
university the educational system was
a model. Eminent men made it a real
Intellectual center, and the govern-
LESS GOVERNMENT BEST
various religious tost.es complicated the mwU kmD,t!oog fcad lu,tet t0 the
situation, and disturbances were fre
fluent In the various cantons. Yet de
spite these troublous political times,
education made marvelous progress,
and to this period are due the seal In
education and the Improvement la
methods which have made of Swlter-
reputation of the city, appointed the
famous scholar and free-thinker,
8trauss, to a chair In the university.
A great protest went up and Strauss
resigned, but even this did not quiet
LYMAN ABBOTT waa heard re
cently by more than 1500 people In
the auditorium of the Detroit Board of
Commerce. Dr. Abbott, wno is the edi
tor of the Outlook, Is now 70 years
old. He spoke on "The Coming Age."
"This government II a necessary
evil." said Dr. Abbott "It is a mis-
"I ,'t"VkBL w"ih 'P!?.i "H!r Jortun.'at w. hav."Vo have any gov-
- "'---- Aitnougn bwitaeriana neia sucn an iana an inspiration ana example ior tvlt tMl ta ,v. on- w. 0f the : - r ' E, , fh.
ec of th. Swiss Confederation re.U llBporttBt pUc. at tB. .nd of the Uth the educators of the world. Five can- S'1! SwiuerlanA 'A.Uw. o. th'rs U th betUr- W mu,t protect Vawlt .they r 'pml,,I'r th,a Thave been a" "it elrtt TeTrs and m
... n n,ni... t T-m. . . . .... v.,. . , ... century in Bwitaeriana. as lz.was over -.-. ,,, nentpt -hn.lno. world, helolnar voune men in the vari- i nave Deen at it eigni years, ana let
eltles. This Was a part of the move
ernment at all The less government
am a theorist That is Just what I am.
a theorist We must have theorists in
the world, but we must not have too
many of them.
"The Yoking Men's Christian Associa
tion Is not so old as I am. It started
with a few young men meeting in a
warehouse in London. The first meet
ing probably was held by four or five
young men meeting under a lamp post.
the hands in a common enterprise we
shall have peace, and not before.
"Gentlemen, In this great America
of ours, there is 'one great orchestra.
Some are leaders, not many, some play
one Instrument and some another, but
our success .'lies in making the music
our music, and I hope you gentlemen
who are employers, and that means a
great many of you, will figure out with
actual men and women this great prob
lem of brotherhood for yourselves."
Detroit Free. Press. .
"You Xever Can Tell."
net upon assurances or promises of Em
perors or Kings: it rests upon a foun
dation of Iron that of our eworda"
la the six centuries of Jts existence
the Swiss Confederation has helped to
overthrow Intellectual and material
tyranny and today has government
that run so smoothly ad I o: ef
fective la promoting th peace and wel.
far, of th nations that th millions
who visit th country for the sake of
It scenery and the recreation It offers
sever think of what Is at the founda
tion of their security and comfort and
that of th Swiss peopl.
For her hundred years of peace th
Swiss state which form th confedera
tion prepared the way by valiant etrug
gles. Th great nations aad boose of
Europe were concerned with the moun
tainous sectloa which has evolved Ite
century and has served as an example
of progressive democracy, nothing ha
glvea her greater fame than her reli
gious reformers, Vlrlch Zwingll and
John Calvin, ta the movement which
swept through Christendom. The bitter
struggles between Catholics and Prot
estants creaiea taction ana general were-la.iziz, converteo ibm tn gym- , -.r.i the has of
decline of patriotism set in. yet about nasium' and university that fill so nee- ' of B0iaeri. AU efforts to feo
this time 8wiM impendence received fui a position at the preaeat time. th Unl0llUU and Secessionists
IU official recognition by the treaty of Out of one of Swltserland a most pro. f 4 ani th, Sonaerbund appHed to
vvmpuw. r . n Hi, B9uncea virtue. noweer, arose min
ions estaousnea spienaia seminaries ,s .ff.rt.a with
for teachers, primary schools were nt , of fti u h4rdly dMerv,d
mad more effective and condary b4 fmnk,4 . war
schools generally established. In the Tn6,Diet expelled th Jesuits from
cities gymnasiums were founded. In SwlB Boll ,oon afterward com-
Zurlch the venerable Institutions, the manded tho sonderbund to disband, and
Chorherrenstlft and the. Carollnum, , wd-r aforo, MDOurf they
persons; we must protect business
from violation and wrong doings;
therefore we must have armies and
navies and laws, but the less laws and
the less police and the less armies the
better.
We have been steadily moving away
world, helping young men in the vari
ous walks of life, In mechanics, In re
ligion and In factln every field, until
today It Is an organisation of young
men extending all over the world, and
Is rendering to young men every kind
of service it can.
let
me tip you off to the most important
thing in salesmanship Just keep plug
ging. I got a new motto lately. 1 went
to a theater and heard a play called
"You. Never Can Tell." It didn't have
anything to do with business, but the
from that notion of government ' -W v "Abraham Lincoln SatfC?A3od ''hrw tuck In my craw and It occurred
. v . .' . , r. , j, to me that It was a mighty good motto
nave uccu Bbcu,ij luuviug a n aj iiuuj pjiven fcu ereij man o w& uauua uu
the Idea thus presented. The sole Idea a brain, and he has put the pair of
of government is to protect life, liberty hands and the brain Into the same man.
and property, and whenever it under- which indicates that the brain should
Thirty Teara War.
tirr cuKiea. mi nospiuuuy mat so 01- ---- with the outaMe world waa ae&ln . .
lU.lb'T tr to Uioee who-fl from other .ttlZJl
st half of th llth century there was iaB4, iad her opea to trouble with the ...rtld. o.narai Dnfour nroved him- "
Austria for help. Thus the century of tes to do anything more than that It regulate that pair of hands.' So long
nri u.,i v, u. l"-r" w" lenas iaia ner open to irouoie witn tne lt4rtt4 General Dafour proved hlm-
a revive! oi ana, meraiure ana science. Kovernments from which they had ,elr worthy of his nation in the hu-
whlch seems to have been followed by escaped. Many f these exiles were mane direction which he gav his
political regeneration. very prominent men. Th Prlno de men:
At the beginning of the ltth century, Chartres.. .afterward Louis Philippe. "You will advance Into the Canton
Franc having established new gov- acted aa instructor of mathematics in of Lucerne. As you cross the boundary
ernment at home and attempted t a Swiss educational institution while you will leave your anger behind and
not an age of despotism, nor
is it an age of universalism; It Is an
age of fraternalism. All of you are
brethren. Our problems are not theo
logical ; they are sociological. All prob-.
lyema are problems of brotherhood.
"You will say, some of you, that I
as the pair of hands are all regulated
by one organisation to get the most it
can out of the brains, and the brains
are all organized, on the other hand, to
get all they can out of the pair of
mighty good motto
for a salesman. You see people don't
always buy goods on logic. Half the
orders you get is where the buyer Just
takes a notion to give it Of course
your goods and prices have got to be
right, but half the time It's the per
sonal element that turns the scale
.you never can tell.' The way to do is
to go after everything, like Hal Chaise
plays first base, see? And you can bet
hascu. so iong wa snau pave mauuriw -your Bottom aouar-tnat things are so
unrest and we ought, to. When we constituted that a hard day's work wii.'
have learned to unite the brain and get results in 'the end.