The Sunday Oregonian., August 01, 1915, SECTION SIX, Page 5, Image 66

THE SUNDAY OREGON! AN, POHTLAND. AUGUST 1, 1915,
' " "T,
BEHOLD THE MORSE WHERE M RE ITS TOES?
Mechanics , of Evolution Reveals the Secret
i ..- . r mt in
V A
Skeleton ff man and horse, from the A mem a Mm
um of Natural History. Neva York. Note the corrc
tpondmg bone in each, keel and disused digit of the
hone" foot and developed bone in man' foot. N ote
alto relative development to total the and veight of
brain cote in man and hone.
Fran, tram Aswrtna Manm of Sererel HWory.' S Tork-
I u 1 - '
I k. '
4- '"-life.
afoiei Af Eohippus. thowing distinct toe on all the feet.
if
4 1 JMI It I v - -
s l " tr s
E S
W
Thi i an abnormal growth by reversion back to tho
original type.
look whole of th country had a tropical drive it home. This is what it would strikes the blow,
with vast
r LHDLD the horsef Take
f mi h. noble steed! What most climate and was covered
i-' seoDla caU Its knee is. really its forests. The ground was soft, often
wrist. The horse is a four-footed crea
ture which walks on its toes. In the
front pair of feet the horse stands on
the end of the middle finger, and Its
quu CabaUus. or pack hone: Note the splint hones on the hind leg. These are
remnantsof former toes. .
The weight of the good sewing machine into an effective
hoof Is the modification of the finger
nail. If you look at the skeleton and
there are several excellent ones In the
American Museum of Natural History
In New York, from which our illustra
tions are drawn you will see the
do If board and tack came to the ma- shuttle thus becomes a slight advan-
chine like a seam of cloth. The board tage, as a sort of anvil or shock
which carried the tack, with point Just absorber for the blow on the tack,
entered, would have to be very thin in Becomes a Tacklna- Machine,
order to get under the workholder. so By tno t,me lj50o,oo0 years .have
. to let It pres. the work down on animated machine shows
thas, vrtii trU tnntVtmrt Arivintr mprhnniRm.
which makes the fabric creep along at sewing fabrics or driving tacks tested by the existence of fossil re-
every stitch. It Is evident that the Is equally within its range, though mains imbedded in the Eocene rocks
sweep of the shuttle in the shuttle race the weight of the parts used in tack of Wyoming and New Mexico. It is not
or in the revolving case below would arivlng may have Increased, so as to a mere figment of the mind, but is the
be unaffected by. the presence of one h,., ,,, a i . H-nae cumber- ev!aence 01 a race msiory nas ex-
tack driver.
There is no Eocene sewing machine.
This brief glance at the useful house
hold appliance is but a piece of fanci
ful imagining intended to illustrate a
wonderful work of nature. The evo
lution of the horse is & fact. It Is at-
ITf
'Clique, the bona with six feet." flowing two extra dibits.'
Isted in remote times and has strug-
This is vshat Darwin calls a "reversion to type." It $
in the nature of an individual retrogression. Julius
Caesar had such a horse, that was in his time super'sti
tiouslu venerated.
marshy, and the Gulf of Mexico ex
tended well up into the Mississippi
Valley.
Why the Heree Loot His Toes.
The feet of this ancestral horse
suited the ground upon which it was
compelled to walk. The disappearance
of the one toe on each fore foot and of
practically two on the hind foot In-
..... . ... ..vw.ww v. . . . .. .. I ...... n n .( n I m T- I a MIT
Bones corresponding to inose t your .,.,.. ,.,. ..i.tMi more extensive a. . . v . - "r """" ,,.,, . wn rt.v Th r-
own hand, and you will notice two forMU previous even to the vast areas tacka WOuld come to the animated ma- the machine sews on tacks with equal malng are before fa the interpretation as man carries a step further the work disappearance of a type means the ex
splint bones on each side of the main COvered in the days of Eohippus. The chine and the intervals between their facility. From this time on the ability DeionK3 t0 scienCe. The five-toed an-, that Nature victoriously strove to pre- tinction of a race. It may not mean
or cannon bone, on which the horse ,!ow anJ Kradual rise of the moun- appearance would become shorter by to sew begins gradually to decline as cestral horse has survived amid geolpg- serve. Ours is the heritage of the past, more than a transformation. We are
stands. These splint bones are all that tainous regions In the West and the ever ao iltUe. At first one tack a year, the number of tacks begins slowly to jcai and cnmatic changes with which Our knowledge of Nature and her in a world of flux and change and the
now remain of what once were the appearance of great, dry. smooth and continued for BOO to 1000 years, would Increase. The reduction of the sewing other forms could not cope. It has workings is not perfect and many links human race Is amenable to the action
fingers of Its band. The thumb and comparatively level plains surely but produce no appreciable change In the faculty becomes less by similar decre- COme to us out of the shades of a long are yet wanting. The exhibits in a of the "vital impetus" through itself,
little finger bones have long ago dls- steadily reduced the forest areas. The g-enerations of 'animated sewing ma- ments and by the same long-drawn-out forgotten and unknown age and is the museum only serve to show us isolated and upon the world outside, as are
appeared. ancestral horse thus had less and. less chlnes which drove the tacks. Some process through which it gained Its most useful animal under domestica- instances, often from a very long series those of the lower forms of life. With
All this comes about by the excessive use for the spreading toot with toes slight tendency to change would prob- ability to handle tacks. At this point tion that man possesses. Our mec'hanl- of continuous changes, and we must Tennyson we may say with every as
use of the one central finger and the when he was on the smooth, dry ably. be produced, though to the eye of of time such a machine, if hidden in cal machine Illustration but traced In guard ourselves against the. mistake of surance of reasonable faith that there
disappearance of thumb and little -round, while the dryer and less sue- .u... i. -.i-ht -nt k irnihi. .n th urth mil fnnsilized. would, when .h tho .! thinktne- that the latest stage of that is
finger and the shrinkage and present culent grasses upon which It lived re- even 1000 years, with two tacks a year, "discovered," after the lapse of ages, .niml.i httJ, moved. The'Clvdesdale fraction of the evolutionary process
small slse of the Index and "ring- quired more thorough mastication. The would not Droduee anv noticeable alter- present the appearance of being "am- th- --,,. , tho man- with which we are to
ringer nones, lying cioee 10 ine twnra greater range mai was omow iu mo ation in the sewlntr Qualities of the phibious." or quite at home in tne
machine. operations of sewing or tacking.
Later on, however, at the end of, let Later on the gradual subordination
us say 5000 years, with an average of of the sewing faculty to the tacking
perhaps three tacks a year, the most faculty would become apparent in the
careful observation by a trained sclen- less perfectly formed shuttle, the
.tlst might reveal slight marks on the shorter and perhaps blunter needle
under side of the needle holder's flat and the more or less rudimentary
surface where it had struck the tacks, thread-handling apparatus. Finally, the
A further period of 10.000 years, with shuttle, approaching complete disuse.
four tacks a year, might In the end would become rudimentary or drop me about a subject discussed in a invalid to bed and caring for her as of 'bread-liners' in Chicago this past
make it appear that tacks had been away almost entirely. The thread- recent article. Her letter will. I am sure, conscientiously as one of my own chil- Winter to go to work In the country
struck by the machine. Another 10,- handling apparatus would all but dls- interest other women, for it is upon a dren would be cared for and keeping at fair wages and transportation paid,
000 years, with perhaps Ave tacks a year, appear and the needle become a blunt, subject vital to ail of us. Most of us can up her work until she is able to be their reply would be th same 'Nix on
would probably show a very slight thick ruide rod. probably not riding be placed into one of two classes. We about strain all this with, no docked the farm stuff." They prefer to stay
bona, are simply due to disuse. This search for food all helped to produce
change has come about not all at once the change, not so much upon the in
nor suddenly. It has taken ages, per- dividual with Its short life, as upon
haps as much as 3,000.000 years, to the whole race, with Its duration equal
bring the small animal, originally no to the slow geological changes that
bigger than a cat. with Its five toes were measured In minute alterations
and fingers, up to the large, power- In thousands of years. We see the an
fuL swift-moving quadruped, as we cestral horse, by Its scantily preserved
know' it. remains, at the dawn of Its being, and
Tho curious part of It is that the catch but a glimpse or two at a few
horse did not know he was "evolving.- Intermediate forms, and today we see
aad made no conscious effort to alter wnat appears 10 us to ne m. uun
or better his condition. Nevertheless, product from natures great
the race of horses shows most unrois- shop.
some extent
made modification of an ancient line, familiar Is the final form, or tnat tne
"One God, one law, one element
And one far-off divine event
To which the whole creation moves."
BEHIND THE COUNTER HUNGRY OR .
IN THE KITCHEN WITH COMFORTS
READER-FRIEND from Wyoming it probably does in the city. But in my the farm girl. If the opportunity were
I m has been good enough to , write own experience it means putting the offered tnem as it was orrered a group
work-
takable signs of having advanced and In writing or tne mecnanicai moT tendency of the needle holder to-plt, or above the surface of the work table, are either in the home or out in the pay. Nor is my experienc
Improved and become, larger and nienia OI , ,2." ,- form a minute hollow where the tack while the stroke would become longer world earning our living. My article to have seen it duplicated ti
stronger and swifter. In obedience to "" , v.,,.i wi. nea1 came when struck. The sewing and more powerful as the driving of which she refers was from the point of number.
what Bergson calls the -vital Impetus.- " "T
cting In each horse, and limited by Point, put that the Increase In
the rendition, which surround him. The Jhe length of the leg bone.
conditions changed ever so .lowly and 'f " ?Uou' itmml'
qualities of the animated machine, or tacks gradually engrossed the energies view of the woman out in the world
tho bora changed with them in its en
deavor as a race to maintain Its ex
Istence.
l inuriiu of Evelattwa.
What on sees In the museum la
descendants of the original machine,
would be Just as good as ever at sew
ing fabrics.
Vfcat the Tack Weald Cause.
Of course, the hours are rather long
on a rancn. sut li sne manages jik
sures a greater travel power ror
the same expenditure of muscular
.exertion. The longer the leg, tho see that the striking of the tack, now
greater the distance covered in a perhaps at an average rate of six tacks
stride, like the swing or a penauiura.
As time slowly went on one might Mwln ability and having become quite
laminar to us, is seen iu i luuiuukuii
adapted to the work of tack driving,
and though the more observing among
erte. which mark various stage. In ""V; ,"XianMa, thm neck must yW' tOT anotner 10'000 would n. may wonder at the strangely con-
xhT7vo7U.a "or..." Thiy are, Z rTt tlTl lTLrtLV ".T 8tCtod U"der Wrk Ub,e'
ct course, concrete Instance, taken b. sglo too give, greater "'d' f e-holder where tho whJch now so -greatly restricted in
from the ..ries. Just a. th. figure. ,peed"tndtt.r foot .upport on W" anVmlt,BULnaftHUre-eTer itB m0t,0n " t0 alm8t f'XtUre'
on th. fac. of a clock are arbitrary aOUBd. and thl. 1. accom- " , ? ' r . th, dlvlM yet we may regard It as an Inscrutable
division and do not mark a pause or "Smhad with le.. spring and loss of fhU,'.d'" 7 'm PJ .l". b'ng K of complex: structure with-
.i.v., .h. P"sne wun less sprins thl. eventuality and has slightly thick- , mllc.h un. and we mav regard
" .-" r- power when applied o mo .iuwwh 9nta tne skl
of the animated machine. ' earning her living. Her 'letter gives
Finally, after the lapse of 3.000,000 the viewpoint of the home woman. Per- WOrk well she can have nearly every
years, the tack driving machinerhaving haps if Others would help us thresh afternoon to rest. And there would
slowly and gradually eliminated all its out the subject we might reach some never be a time before the Christmas
helpful solution of this question that is
troubling many of us. At any rate,
I am sure we will all be glad to get
this point of view. She writes:
"While convalescing from a slight
Illness, I have had and have taken
plenty of time to read and think about
holidays when she would be compelled
to stand on her aching feet until late
at night. Wor would a vigilant floor
walker take her to task if she chose
to rest a few minutes before washing
the dinner dishes.
"To state a concrete example or two:
ence unique. J. wnere xney can wear me nign neeis.
mes without the unspeakable dresses, and arrange
their hair In. the Impossible chignons,
even if they do have to do without
meals to buy the shoes with the gilt
buckles. " -
"When you feel sympathetic next
time take for your text the weary
mother of several little ones whose
cook has gone to hunt a Job in the
department store, leaving her with
said little ones and a crew of hired
men to do for."
BARBARA BOYD,
thrtand, of Vh. -clock-.; thelr" evenly 7. "T be a.nT' The dV? r. It'.tr'kel and to JSl th ' -""'-
continuou. motion. Thl. 1. a. . Im- Je.qu'r. longer Urn. to chew, t"?" inexplicable. We may
portant point, for a .pectator viewing ".h.Tnort crown tooth became In to?wBXtM " faction,
.. .t...i.t r.rvfuiiv rrMi . . ..x h. B corn roay nave made Us ap- which these Darts performed when our
which these parts performed when our
tack driver was a fully equipped and
m " ' " ume i u e iuu . r.v.u . w . ... . pearance.
Mr... ... '". comp.ratlvely wine oistances . The further lapse of time hrln. a
wrongly to min tnat tn. process is pUnU forced upon the evolving horse -u-htlr duller murtM t fh ' ' t
broken np Into periods, and that the tbs necessity for greater travel, and . ,h ,..,h , t. . ... The Evolution I. a Fact,
thus teeth, neck and feet were allsbtlr that although a fabric may be moved
your article on The Salesperson Who We had a young girl of 15 who had no
Can't Save.' home, come to us. I taught her the inns
"I can't .help thinking there might an(i outs of housekeeping and she grad-
be' a way out if these salespersons ually grew Into the work until she was
could be brought to consider It. It is drawing 327.50 per month. A sister
true, a. you say, that .There is always appeared on the scene and opined that
a good demand and good wages for Beulah could never be a lady and do
The man of science may have on-
good housekeepers.' Then why should
the women wait to take up housekeep
ing until they see 'dismissal looming
ahead r Would it not be more sensible
for them to take up the work at once
housework. So she carried her off for
a six months' business course; and
now, after three years, she is drawing
38 per week and paying the sister four
dollars of that for board. My husband
VICTOR HUGO'S DAUGHTER.
The lot of some of the children of
"Victor Hugo's imagination was hap
pier than that of his youngest daugh
ter, who has Just died at 85. The author
of "Les Miserables" might have woven
a tale of tragedy and shadow from the
darkened life of Ms own offspring. As
in the case of Dickens, the biography
of the writer mey partially be con
structed from his writings. It is un- .
derstood that the death of another -
j i ,i ... . m . -i - . " - - oersiooa inai ine ueam o anotner
modified during long periods to uii a,onB by u the board for earthed a complete sewing machine and Ret reasonable wages at first, and offered to stake her to a six months' dauhter Leopoldine and her husband,
th. tardy movement or geologic ,ne u carrJed onwar1 without from the lower Eocene, and discovered better wages as they become more domestic science ceurse and give her ln 1843- jeft i3 legible influence in the
change the cumulative errect being marking It. under surface with tho an "amphibious" sewing-tacking ma- profCient? A perfectly green hand at 330 per month when she returned to reater" earnestness of his mood in
now easily apparent to us. r . .v. . rhln In the Pliocene denoelts. and we - . i i .nn. v, v. . ,. . , .
now easily apparent to ua. liwlentatlon. of th th Th. chine ln the Pliocene deposits, and we kn,...ir..nin-. h...in ran mm- th. mnch
IxilM A.lM.ted Marklae. holder, which presses the fabric down of th laity know the efficient tacker mand amost as much in the way of "Now, has she Improved her condi-
In order to bring clearly to the mind so that the needle may not pull It up of our own time without connecting wag.es wlth her room and board pro- tlon?
it... --- l mvhinlrt nt evolution and a. it rises, has become more rounded the three forms. The Eocene sewing a - v , ... th. irirls "Rlo-ht now we have a woman in the
what these slowly wrought change, ln where the work enter, and this facll- machine is thus adjudged by us to be wh( have their own expenses to pay home who is very anxious to get back unjer the Arc de Triomphe and the
habit produced In race structure. let u. itate. tne entrance or tne thin boards, exunci. ioo unyuiuuu. now receive in the large cities. to Denver. She's longing for the 'bright relics of the guardian saint of Paris
suppose w. hsve such a thing a. an In a million year., while the work may be thought of as a freak of ,.N one eyer neard of a glrl on a nghts the cafes and the white lights.' were taken from the Pantheon to make
ated sewing machine, whose chiei ot sewing suu preponderates over tno nature, ana n ""'j'""' J, C ranch or farm having to do without We give her 330 per month and boara room, for him whom the great ones of
poetry and social fantasy, supplanting
to a great extent his passion for the
crania.
When Hugo died his body lay in state
horseltk. animal of the lower Eocene
Is ln some way a sort of climax In Act
L and that the next scene will tak.
up a new phase of the story. A. a
matter of fact, the whole proce.. 1.
steady, continuou. and purposive a
guiding emanation from th Creator,
mind.
The .urvey of the cause, for the
rhanc In th. feet of the horse from
It. five-toed ancestor to It. present
status most carry us far back Into th.
. . i . . .ntm:
are competent to modify th. form "of and. Indeed. Ita only function, is to ew work of tack driving, a curious adapta- "scientific Imagination" of which Tyn- eUhep her breakfa8t r supper ln or. her 9-year-old daughter. Do you know
th. teeth, a. well
aad feet,
ran horse.
L x, v " . ceedlnily long lapse of time should move, below the work table, so a. to one Into the other has been accom
become, clearer when w. remember eventually compel th. animated sewing be always under the needle at Its down pllsbed by tB mehfnism t while she gathered the eggs; but after buying warm, comfortable cloth
that at th. time when Eohlonus. on. machine to drlv. Uck. Into thin boards, stroke. Thl. form, the loop or thread, glimpse of the marvelous Bhan herself ch as we ag
f the earliest known homelike forms At flrst. when busily engaged In .ew- and when formed the shuttle darts of evo ution. ana succeea .n cnurn tno DUtt. However, if some- medicine and other necessities. She sion, unable to appreciate her father's
In Wyo- ms. n o.a taca wou.a present I "Z""' l:: l"ZU C.r one were furnishing the raw material, has been here six months. Senius or his glory. There is no tale
had four m pern.p. .ever.i raomn. , r . ,r. "rT.V ""1 JL" . "V."' cnuM she not afford to experiment "Now. I really think that your sym- from his pen more paethetic than her
needle ro us mu up r pu. an m pcr3i .. . .,, .-j .tnrVin its nnlirnant nnntrasf t th.
Thi. behavior of the .huttl. wis, inimical conditions and so to alter wun ,x, ana in p-- ."'"" ui 'h iL, Tnd' the .-at nam. . m.-aT
... . . . a . a i - m i an. urirtt Ita lir. Mfninff & ISIT llVinK ! SnOD KiriB, II1UBI VI Hicui. iu-cj vvuuiu
o. each of th. hind feet. At thl. tim. th. needle holder wun im ic f puis. u,, . "l " " 7 . 1 . l ". fr ...kne,, meanlns: destitution, not exchange place If they wuld witU -JMladelphia Public Ledger.
a. alter the legs tor,c logeiner. nro in mi sna n i m.j " ' " . der to buy a pair of shoes. Don t you of any kind-neartea aepanment store
The ancestry of the AmerK PrrecUy aaaptea. i-et us xurmer wo - " ' J''"" "eip '" " - reaUy think she would be better off head who does that? As to her sav-
so well brought out by the at what would happen If the very the development of the tackdrivlng fac- forms and perceive that extinction has Jf haye aU she needed of ,ng Bne la t(J leavo tne first ot the
v. . . n minnta .nwn nnnucva larvuxn . u . v... . .uuiua mv . r . i . v. nj nri .u ok -a-iii av. a ih.pk mm.
bread and butter? She would get the lng for considerably more than 3100
of th. lower Eocene, lived
mlng and New Mexico. It
v. an ..rh of th. front fet and The animated machine would treat thl.
thr.. too. and th. remnant of a fourth as an accident and th. down stroke ot tight.
. . . .... ., th. ...Mia hnlrfar with III flat bottom DUtS.
eg earn oi aw n i iiu irei. i ian tioif - . - . . , . .. . . .
th. Kocky Montaias did not azist. Th. would itiik the tack on U fcead nd below . tia needla - .whea iU - bolder rounding and to pita Horn bein
the earth desired to honor. He was at
once a king of writers and a hero of
the people: inspired orator,' devoted and
courageous patriot, impassioned lau
reate, his was a figure for the homage
of his countrymen and of the world.
Tet all this time Adele Hugo, her .rea
son gone, lived a life of taciturn seclu-