Tlir, SUNDAY OREGOXIAX. PORTLAXD, JULY 18, 1013.
PLAN TO DEVELOP
GRANT LANDS TOLD
Administration by Federal
Government to Bring About
Settlement Advocated.
PROBLEM IS SET FORTH
II. II. Schwartz W'ouSd Have All
Acreage Classified and Sold In
i'nrm Units, but Timber 'With
held Ir'uU letails Given.
BY H. H. SCHWARTZ.
The newspaper discussions covering
the Oregon & California grant have
developed diversity of opinion and ad
vice, not only aa to. what disposition
shall be made of the lands, but also
as to how that disposition shall be .ac
complished. There has oeen assumption
in some quarters that Congress can dis
pose of the matter without consent of
the railroad company; and there has
been general assent that Congress will
open the lands to settlement. Neither
of these propositions ought be assumed.
As to the first, the grant to the com
pany, with its "enforceable covenants,
carries mutual obligation, and the
United States can no more ignore its
terms than can the railroad company,
and a law or amendment to the grant
authorizing the United States to take
over the lands upon payment of $2.60
per acre, without placing settlers there
on, will violate the grant aa effectively
as the act of the railroad in selling cer
tain portions without settlers upon the
land. The fact that the. railroad has
violated the grant by selling lands at
more than t2.5U without settlement
does not warrant the United States in
compelling the railroad to accept t2.50
without settlement.
The railroad is entitled to have the
lands settled, and thereby to receive the
mended benefits of a population, and
its consequent travel and tonnage, for
which alone money is invested in the
building of railroads. Also if, as some
of the Government attorneys seem tq
think, the railroad may be asked to ac
count to the Government for any excess
received in the sale price of lands sold,
questions will arise as to the equitable
right of the railroad to reduction of
claims by reason of taxes paid upon
values beyond its now assumed 12.60
per acre interest in the lands.
Company's Assent F.asy to Get.
We may as well dismiss the assump
tion that Congress can effectually legis
late new conditions in the grant with
out consent of the railroad. Bo to legis
late will merely Invite another 10 years
of litigation, and failure in the end.
However, the Supreme Court has defi
nitely determined that the legal mone
tary interest of the company in the
grant . is limited to $2.50 per acre, hence
it will not be difficult to secure the
company's assent to legislation which
rhall secure or accelerate the time of
the payment to it of that interest.
The real difficulties, as far as the
people of Oregon are concerned, will
begin when the way for securing legls
lation is open. The basic danger, and
the one present at every step, is that
these lands may fall into the dead hand
of the forest service. There is not only
danger but there is probability that
uch result may be realized. Already
the National Forester has publicly in
dicated that a "checkerboard" forest
reservation is not impossible, and has
pointed out that such reserves exist in
the Southwest. He did not mention that
they were acquired through land graft
and are without timber, and used ex
clusively for grazing purposes. Mr.
Graves says he hopes to acquire half
of the intervening even sections by ex
change; a like hope will fit in Oregon.
I assume there is no ne in Oregon,
outside of the forest service and those
who have some ulterior interest to aid,
really wanting these lands to go into a
reservation. '
Some Reanona Are Given.
The reasons why these lands may
probably become tied up in some form
of reservation are many, and some of
them are as follows: First, the service
will endeavor to secure control of the
lands. Second, a majority of Congress
favors the policy of reservation, other
wise called and assumed to be "con
eervation." This is true because the
East does not understand Western con
ditions, and the Representatives in Con
gress from the Western states are hope
lessly in the minority; and some even
of that minority have been placated and
silenced by prominent committee as
signments and by the subtle but effec
tive influence of Pinchotism In the so
cial and political atmosphere at Wash
ington. Third, and most lamentable, is
the concession by Qregon people and
the newspapers that a large part of the
grant is not agricultural in character.
This last is error, and the sooner we
get away from that error the sooner we
will be serving our own interest.
Because we must be right ourselves
before we can hope to secure Just re
sults, I wish to point out the error in
assuming that Western Oregon lands
are not agricultural in character be
cause heavily timbered. The mere
statement that the lands are heavily
timbered is Nature's answer that they
are agricultural lands, where not
chiefly valuable for mineral. There is
very little mineral land.
Classification la Indorsed.
In demonstrating that land is agri
cultural It is not meant to Infer that
the valuable timber now thereon
should be handed over to whomsoever
is nimble enough to make a first set
tlement, lucky enough to draw in a
lottery, or cunning enough to devise
a law which shall defeat real set
tlement and agriculture. The two
propositldns are wholly distinct. Also,
1 agree that the lands should be clas
sified: but the basis of classification
should be to fix the order" in which
classes of lands shall be settled and
improved.
. Western Oregon has a rainfall and
a kindly climate which will produce
every product of the temperate zone: a
soli which will produce the gigantic
forests with every conceivable tangle
of undergrowth, vine. shrub and
grasses. . will also produce, when the
timber is removed, annually crops ap
proaching in value the century or half
century crop of outstanding timber. In
addition It will bring to it population.
Pities and towns, culture and wealth.
To accept that the present standing
timber shall condemn these lands to
solitude and wilderness is to assume
the character of the unworthy servant
who hid his talent in the earth await
ing return of his master.
It is admitted that some of these
lands are rough and mountainous. So
are the dairy districts of Switzerland
and the terraced and vine-clad hills of
Spain and Italy. Some of the logged-,
off lands of Western Oregon give dairy
returns of greater value than the moBt
favored grain fields of the central
Ftates. The plow is not the only im
plement of agriculture: and yearly
planting is not the -only prelude to
annual crops and farm wealth. The
flock and herd came before the vine
yard and orchard, and they in turn
preceded the modern idea of raising
grain and annual crops to be sold In
m inartteia or tn n-orid vvhv an
I Oregonian should assume or admit that
inese lands are not agricultural in
character and not fitted for settlement
is hard to realize.
Settler Cornea Eventnally.
Rather, it seems, the thought Is that
a law seeking to open such lands to
settlement will merely result in their
going into the hands of our timber
holding capitalists by way of a fraud
ulent or pretended" settlement. That
such has been the result of present set
tlement laws when applied to heavily
timbered lands cannot be denied.
Proof of it is found everywhere by
merely comparing the number of
homestead patents wjth the number of
actual residents found In any heavily
timbered township where the lands
have been patented for five or ten
years. But that is the fault of the old
law being applied to new conditions!
First in time is tjie first in right, and
the reward Is to the alert and swift.
These, ordinarily, are not real farmers.
By a more or less perfunctory compli
ance with the law for 14 months the
"settler" acquires for HftO a quarter
section of land worth, maybe, $10,000
for its timber, Ue Is not interested In
the fact that the land when cleared
may be worth even more. His real
habitat is tiie city and town, and eufr
ficient unto the day ia the profit
thereof; and so he sells to a standing
timber Investor. This takes the land
out of the settlement class until such
time as the land may be Included in a
profitable logging uhance or hoJding
company, according to the Interests
and ideas of the timber man. After
that the real farmer may come alon
and slowly dig out the stumps.
AH this is not without gpod. how
ever, for the alleged settler usually
spends to good advantage the mono
received for the lands, and the Investor
pays his taxes annually, and ultimate
ly the timber is removed and a farm
established. But the last result, first
In Importance, is long delayed, and as
a consequence the larger interest of all
concerned, particularly the people In
aggregate, is unreasonably deferred
and only haphazardly attained.
Proper Law Possible to Draft.
With so considerable an area of land
as a basis for action, can a law ' be
passed which will induce speedy set.
tlement, insure permanent settlement,
eliminate th- speculative timber values
from the inducement to settle, and at
the same time secure to the State of
Oregon and the Federal Government in
directly, yet in increased amount, the
actual value of the standing timber?
I think such a law is possible to draft
and with proper effort possible to
enact.
The basis of a campaign for such a
law should be the proposition that a.
resident family and annual crops or
livestock increase upon 160 acres of
land is of more benefit to the people
than any possible amount of standing
timber thereon. This being true, it.fol
luws that if settlers- can be placed
upon the lands and a sufficient por
tion of each settlement claim cleared
and cultivated to -pass the land into
the improved farm class, by an expen
diture of a portion or all of the stand
ing timber, the state will have gained,
and comfort and happiness be brought
to thousands. Can this be done without
the risk incident to lending public
money or property to the insolvent and
possibly, in instances, the Improvident
and Incompetent? I think, it can Pe
done.
Assuming that satisfactory adjust
ment may be made with the railroad
company, I present herewith, with some
diffidence, my own Ideas, in a tenta
tive way, of a law which will make
cultivated farms out of the present
w-ilderness. I am pot unaware of con
flicting interests and their ability to
command brains capable of pointing
out objection; neither do I assume that
no objections can exist In fact. But I
believe such objections aa do exist are
not of sufficient merit to condemn the
general lines of the proposed law.
Plan Is Outlined.
My plan is that the Unds shall be
taken over by the United States for
purposes of administration; compunsa.
tion. present or proportional upon sales,
to be paid the railroad. Second, the
lands should be examined in the field
by a corps of timber and soil experts
drawn from tlje Department of Agricul
ture, the known mineral lands exclud
ed,' and the remaining lands classified
Into acreage farm units with a mini
mum of 44 acres and a maximum of
320. and these units to be wholly de
pendent upon the soli possibilities tak
en in conjunction with elevation and
topography, and the farm-unit acre
age to be fixed by what in best judg
ment will support a family, plus rea
sonable additional return's to insure to
the family independence in old age. In
reaching these units presence or ab
sence of timber, as such, should not be
determining factor, for the reason
that the timber shall not go to the
settler beyond his license to use with-
EMPLOYES OF POSTOFFICE TO
VILLE.
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H" M
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ft1'- - I -'' ':
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OFFICERS OF" TWO ORGANIZATIONS OK POSTAL WORKliKS.
Special trains will leave the Union Depot this morning at o'clock filled
with Jubilant postofflce employes, who will hold their annual picnic at
Bonneville. -
The Postofflce band, composed of both clerks and carriers, will contribute
music for the picnic. Races for the women and children will be part of the
athletic programme. Dancing will be indulged in from 2;30 until S o'clock.
The noon luncheon w-ill be served at the park grounds.
Much of the success will be due to the Postofflce Boosters' Club, whose
membership includes the entire staff of officials, rieort '. Davis is chair
man for the picnic
By Ray Barkhurst
Portland's
Leading Tailor
'X
m
TrJ!?T&i?o st.ndxa.r,d.of workmanship always maintained by skilled mechanics in MY OWN WORKSHOP RIGHT ON THE
PREMISES will still be adhered to.
The BEST cf LININGS and TRIMMINGS, as usual.
AND THE HAND-PADDED, SHAPE-RETAINING, UNBREAKABLE COAT-FRONT.
ANANSASKi NaS gvZSx'SkS&E' A"VAYS GOES A BARKST SH
RAY
out waste such timber as may be need
ed to support his improvements and im
prove his land by the use thereon
thereof.
In addition to fixing the farm units,
the examiners should take note of the
quantity, quality and maturity of
the standing timber, and also of the
market possibilities am", accessibility of
the lands for settlement and agricul
tural purposes. With this data avail
able, the lands should be placed Into
three classes. The first class to be im
mediately available for sale to actual
settlers; the second class to be mo avail
able when the first class la practically
exhausted, or new conditions suggest
inclusions of parts thereof in the first
class; the third class, as to particular
farm units, to be available for settle
ment when the timber on a reasonable
acreage of any farm unit shall have
been removed. 'With this preliminary
data on hand, the administration of the
lands should pass to the General Land
Office.
Lands settled upon should be sold to
settlers at 12. 50 per acre on time and
without interest, and the fee withheld
HAVE PICNIC TODAY AT BONNE
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C. l, erscc n
0rniji 82, At st C
...
' '
rm4 V-iT i-,. ..in, . -.---I i
$30
ARKHU
until payment i made and other con
ditions of the law complied with. Ac
tual residence for five years and a
minimum amount of Improvements and
acreage cl tared and actually cultivat
ed should precede final patent convey,
lng the fte.
Finally, and most important, the sale
of standing timber and the receipts
from sale of the lands to settlers
should be used as a revolving fund to
aid the settlers In clearing the land
and securing reasonable credits from
their country merchants and bankers
for uses incident to ordinary farming.
This can best be accomplished by
actually paying the settler from time
to time, probably annually. certain
amounts within fixed limltn. for the
acreage of land he has actually cleared
and reduced to bona fide cultivation.
Thus he Is not a borrower from the
Government, and is paid only In pro
portion as he has actually earned. If
he defaults and abandons tlie land,
the Improvements already made will be
the sure inducement to another to take
the land and carry an the work. The
sums so advanced ought not be treated
as a charge upon the land nor consid
ered as a gift to the settler, but rather
aa the equivalent, equitably distributed
over the entire grant, of the aid set
tlers otherwise In theory received from
the-sales by them, of standing timber
upon lands difficult to clear by reason
of such timber and forest growth, sjuch
cleared-land payments to settlers should
not exceed a reasonable proportional
acreage of his total farm unit; it be
lns proper that every farm have a
wood lot and pasturage, not necessary
to prepare for grain, fodder, garden,
vineyard or orohard. Neither should
the amounts thus paid the settler for
cleared lands be Iarire enough to make
the mere clearing of land profitable in
itself: but it should at least furnish
the possibility of and the Inducement
to ke,-p up the work of Improvement
until the lend reachea such a stnge of
productiveness and profit in tilling or
grasin;; that its future as an Improved
and going farm is assured. Thereafter
the land Itself will insure Its occu
pancy and profitable use.
Dearrt I-aad Settler Aided.
The United States is today selliryr
Oregon public lands and public lands
In other states and using the motvey.
to the extent of almost 190,000.000. in
aiding settlers to establish, themselves
upon desert lands, lending the money,
as it were, to such desert land settlers
on 20-vear repayments without Inter
est. The waiving of interest Is equiv
alent to a gift of the whole principal.
The desert laud settler finds his land
laid off in farm units, water at his
door, and nature lias cleared his land
for him. Practically all of this Is
paid for with lands In the timbered
states, and most of such timbered lands,
falling into the hands of great hold
ing companies, are kept in a state of
nature, producing merely the annual
taxes a nil preventing settlement and
population. There Is no reason why
the timber upon the railroad grant
sftould not pay In part the cost of pre
paring such lands for permanent homes
and annual profitable use. By this
method Oregon may. In a small meas
ure, secure some of the value she has
contributed to the upbuilding of the
desert states and induce some of the
settlements and population our soil and
cltmate warrants, but which standing
timber and archaic laws prevent.
Nor Is it necessary that the State
of Oregon forego its accustomed taxes
in the present in order to secure the
larger future beneftt In the final set
tlement and" cultivation of these lands.
In the sale of timber upon the Na
tional forest a percentage of the pro
ceeds now goes to state uses. A like
provision could be made covering the
sale of'tlmher upon the granted lands.
Could the Congress be Induced to turn
over the lands to the state after settle
ment with the railroad, administration
of the lands along the foregoing lines
might result In an annual return far
in excess of anything It has ever re
ceived by way of taxes.
There are three things the people of
Oregon should bear in mind. One Is
that, when Congress meetK, both the
railroad company and the Forest Serv
ice will be ready with concrete Ideas,
bills in friendly hands, and astute and
able counsel and lobbies to present
d $35
an
I am going to make this the greatest Sacrifice of my whole business career. A NO
PROFIT SALE.
JUST TO KEEP MY TAILORS BUSY, I'll give you the largesfand choicest line
of ALL-WOOL FABRICS you ever saw to choose from.
Not Summer Suits alone, but THE CREAM OF THE MARKET of my new and
just arrived Fall and Winter Fabrics including:
BLUE 17-OZ. SERGE;
HEAVY-WEIGHT WORSTEDS in all shades of gray or checks and plaids in multi
colored effecia;
HAIRLINE STRIPES;
CHEVIOTS in blue, black and gray;
And GENUINE SCOTCH TWEEDS in every known shade and weave that vou can
think of, my stock contains, and goes in this sale,
POSITIVELY, ABSOLUTELY and TRUTHFULLY, I carry the largest, newest
and most up-to-date stock of real Woolens in this citv.
,.jLyiSIT T0 MY STORE WILL PROVE THE ACCURACY OF THIS STATE
MENT, POINTS FOR CONSIDERATION
their views. Those who know anything
of legislative bodies know the advan
tage of such preparation and assist
ance. The third fact Is that there are
powerful factors In and out of Oregon
w hose Interest it is to see that as big
a block of these lands as possible
shall be denominated "timber land, un
fit for settlement." and ro sold and
kept off the market In aid of an in
flated and already sagging combina
tion of standing timber; or. that fall
ing, ask to have them Included In that
monumental graveyard of Western
prosperity known as the National For
ests. Hut if we have faith in the ability
of real farmers to succeed if given rea
sonable chance, and are ourselves rea
sonably represented before Congress.
regon may hope In this one instance
to keep its own and care for Its own.
And, finally. I believe that any Fed
eral administration of these lands
should be through the General Ijind
Office and not through the Forest Serv
ice. My reasons are that the Forent
Service is. in Its control, dominated by
KaMern crusaders aflame with the con
viction that our standing tinther must
be preserved for present fupervlslon
and future consumption. With thexe
convictions It never can and never will
understand the needs or the view
point of the people of Oregon. On the
other hand, the l.and Office and the
Interior Department proper are filled
with Western men largely in real
sympathy with actual settlers; ami it
has no conflicting or adverse interest
to serve or consider In enforcing the
laws, or in reaching a Just understand
ing of the needs and the difficulties
of the pioneers upon the land. It has
a thorough local organisation, equipped
with all the machinery necessary to
do the work In view, and officered by
men who have spent their whole lives
here In tho West. We should take
counsel of experience and see to It that
we not only secure legislation neces
sary, but that administration thereof
is placed in hands not hostile to the
purposes of the law.
ALSEA HAS SI 5,000 FIRE
Heavy Ix to Oddfellows Iodge I
Covered by Insurance.
CORVALLIS. Or.. July 17. (Spe
cial.) The inland town of Alsea. Bn
ton County, suffered a heavy loss by
fire last night. D. D. Lonehbottom and
the Oddfellows' lodge were the only
losers, but their losses will total
15,000.
The fire originated near the flour
warehouse of the Longhbottom store,
and spread quickly, the town having
no fire protection. The properties were
both insured.
T0RPED0-B0ATJS WANTED
Governor Akks Xavy Department for
Craft to Aid Militia.
A little torpedo-boat, fully equipped
for discharging torpedoes of the type
now figuring so prominently In the
war, may become the property of the
Oregon Naval Militia for permanent
service beside tho cruiser Boston in
Portland's harbor.
A request has been mado to the Navy
Department by Governor Withycombe
for such a craft for the Oregon Militia.
Henef lei-Montgomery Nuptials m?f.
The wedding of Miss Monica Mont
gomery, dauxhter of Rev. - and Mrs.
A. J. Montgomery, and Francis Wilson
Beneflel. 110 Eat Twentieth street,
will take place at the Mount Tabor
Tresbyterlan Church. July 27. it was
announced yesterday after It wan
learned that a marriage license .had
been Issued to the young couple. Miss
Montgomery's father has charge of
the extension work of the Preshvterlan
Church In Portland. Mr. Beneflel Is a
son of Mr. and Mrs. Wilson Beneflel.
C4)lBB5t51 CmHM0 aflll I IllJfr ftBjsaaaataaaBaaSMMMfl C pMaSalhaSa-ltaaael
Suits to
PORTLAND'S LEADING TAILOR
CORNER SIXTH and STARK STS.
BIBLE CONFERENCE HEAR
I'MTKI) l;V.A(.i:l.l('AI. ,ATHKRI(i
TO im AT Q11X4IIV 1'ARh.
Chancellor A. A. Winter ! Open Srm
aiosis Taarsda? Rrr, t. '. Pollaic
and Others, neak.
The annual Bible conference and
camp meeting of the Vnlted Evangeli
cal churches if Oregon will opt n next
Thursday night at the campgrounds
ut (Juinaby Park, near Salem, to close
AuRu.t i. Opening rervice will be
conducted by lltv. C. C. Poling, of
Portland First Church, and Rev. S. s.
Mumey, of alein, presiding elders.
Rev. F. 11. Ntrff. Kev. Mr. Poling and
Chancellor A. A. Winter will make sev
eral addresses.
July 2 3 the conference will be opened
by Chancellor A. A. Winter. A. It.
Schmallc and C. P. Gates will pi-nk.
In the afternoon 8. S. Mumey. M. J.
Ballentyne. N W. Phelps and t;. U
I-ovell will i.peak on phases of "The
Threefold Work of Christ."
Chancellor Winter 'will deliver tlie
opening address July 24 on "The Psv
chology of the ChrUtlan Life." Dr. C
C Poling will jpt-Hk, and there will be
a general discussion.
There will bo children's hour In the
afternoon conducted by S. S. Mumey.
Rev. Mr. Neff will deliver an eddre.-
on "Modern Hclence and Othr Cults
Are They Christian or Anti-Christian?"
H. 11. Farnham also w)l speak.
C. P. r.ate.-. A. R. Schmallc. B. S.
Mumey. E, Singleton. F. A. Phelps and
V. L'rbino will be among the sp.-akcr
July t. O. R. Stover. F. E. Fisher and
W. S. Plowman will be heard July 2T.
Q. E. Ersiine. S. M. Wood, A. P. I.y
ton and M. D. Phelps will speak July
28. There will be general discussions
July I and SO in the forenoon, and the
Women's Missionary Society will hold
Its annual convention July SI. In the
forenoon. The Keystone lengue of
Christian Endeavor and Sunday School
Convention will be held In the after
noon. The general committee of arrangement-
I composed of C. C. Pol
Ins. C. C. Winter and S. S. Mumev.
YOUNG TREES GROW WELL
Reforesting- Work on Mount Ilebo Is
Rnece-sful, (Government TJeporls.
The District Forester t Portland
announces that a report has Just been
received from the local National
Forent officer, on the Spring planting
on Mount liebo In Western Oregon,
where on approximately 1000 acres, ac
cording to the report, the results have
been unusually good.
It la an established policy of the For
est Service to reforest by planting small
trees or by sowing seed on several
thousand acres of denuded land within
the national forests every Spring, and
the present season's work has been in
accordance with this plan. While
Douglaa fir was the species most
I'.rgely used in the Mount Ilebo plant
ing, other species also were planted.
The weather conditions thus far have
been so favorable, that less than 10
per cent of the trees have failed to
kTow. If the trees continue to do aa
well throughout this their first sea
son, the results will mean exception
ally successful planting for the Spring
of 1915.
DR. RINEHART WINS SUIT
Money Provided for Kducatlon by
Grandslre Declared Gift.
Money which Dr. J. Carl Rinehart
received from his grandfather while
he was going to school was a gift
and not a loan, according to a de
cision by Circuit Judge Gantenbein
Order
yesterday morning. Dr. Rinehart was
widely known In athletic circles as
KaC Rmehart while he attended
school.
The suit was brought by Ifarvey
Rinehart. uncle of the youi.g doctor,
and adniiniklrator of the estate of his
grandfather. James II. Rinehart. It was
alleged that Dr. Rinehart had received
a tutal of mil from his grandfather
for the purpose of completing his edu
cation. The uncle averred that this
as a loan. Dr. Rinehart hM that it
was a series of sifts. The
doctor won.
young
BEET SUGAR PLANTS BUSY
Kxpert Is Impressed With Willam
ette Valley Opportunities.
OREGON AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.
Corvallis, July 17. (Special.) The out
look for the home-grown beet sugar
industry is mure encuursalng to grow
ers of America than evtr before, ac
cording lu Clifford Willis, editor of
the Northwest Farmstead, who has
been spending some time at the Agri
cultural College Investigating market
iiiij production conditions of Oregon.
Many of tho largest manufacturers re
port that they have contracts up to
their full capacity, to be filled by local
growers of sugar beets. Indeed many
of them were compelled to turn down
scores of applications for supplying
raw material to their factories.
Experience has improved cultural
methods, more economical handling and
manufacturing has been brought about,
and the effect of the European war has
developed sufll'lently to neutralize un
favorable tariff legislation, according
to Mr. Willis. He is greatly impressed
with the possibilities of the Willam
ette Valley for extensive sugar beet
production, which he considers unusu
ally promising. Mr. Willis is the suc
cessor to J. E. Larsen. now college ex
tension agronomist, who relinquished
the position to come to Oregon Agri
cultural College.
ALASKA SPRUCE IS TESTED
Fitness for Vse on Hallroad.
North llelng determined.
in
Extensive tests are being made on
Alnaska pprucc to determine its fitness
for use lit the construction of the
Alaska railroad. In the form of ties and
bridge timbers, at the forest products
laboratory at the University of Wash-
li.vston. The timber which ia to be used
in bridges Is subjected to what is
called the thumping test
In the demonstration of the value of
certain kinds of timber for construc
tion purposes more than 2s00 tests
have been mado on western larch. TOuO
on Douglas tlr and 90) on western yel
low pine. As a result of these and
similar tests In other Government
laboratories, the safety factor in the
construction ef big buildings has been
increased with a corresponding de
crease In expense.
DAHLIA CARNIVAL PLANNED
Vancouver to Have Beauty Center
During September Fair.
VANCOUVER. Wash, July 17. Spe
cial.) Vancouver la to have a grand
Dahlia Carnival during September, when
the sixth Clarke County Fair Associa
tion will stage the Columbia River In
terstate Fair and Wild West Show in
connection.
It Is planned to have a beauty center
similar to that worked out so success
fully In Portland at the Rose Carnival.
Some wide street downtown probably
will be used for this purpose, and will
be brilliantly illuminated at night when
the crowds will be the largest.
Many prlxes for the best dahlias will
be given, and there will be many spe
cial features which a' now being
worked out.