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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (May 23, 1915)
12 PAN-AMERICAN FINANCIAL CONGRESS OPENS TOMORROW i It 4 lly JOHN F1ARUKTT. inreclor CJenerul of tho Pan-American Union, PAN-AMERICA and Pan-Americanism are becoming the slogans of the hour. The people of this coun try are awakening, an never before, to an appreciation of the Importance of the relations of the United States with its 20 sister American republics. These countries and their pooples, in turn, nre showing today a more kindly feeling than they have ever done be fore toward the United States and its peoph-. While the work and propaganda of the rail-American Union, the official international organization maintained in WashinBton by the 21 American re publics and devoted to tho develop ment of commerce. friendship and peace among them all, together with the altitude aud addresses of Its gov erning board, has been in a large de cree responsible for this new spirit of Pan-Americanism. tVie Kuropean war has also been a mighty influence in its promotion. Considering the effect of the great political and international events of history on the policies of na tions, it might be said that the Euro pean war has done more than any other similar influence since the dec laration of the Monroe Doctrine in 1823 to encourage solidarity, common sym pathy, common interest and common purpose among the republics of the Western Hemisphere. In other words, tho silver lining of the Kuropean war cloud might be described as the fa vorable effect which that terrible con flict has had upon both the commercial and political relations of the American nations. I.ntln Americans Invited. Recognizing the extraordinary bear ing and Influence of the war on the financial and diplomatic relationship between the United States and Latin America, President Wilson, acting on the recommendation of Secretary of the Treasury MoAdoo, and duly authorized by Congress, extended invitations last March to the governments of all the other American republics to send their Ministers of Finance and three repre sentative men in their official or pri vate financial life as delegates to a rail-American financial conference to meet in Washington In the week of -May 24-29. At this writing every country invited has accepted the in vitation and has appointed delegates. The only countries not participating are Mexico and Haiti, and their absence is due to unavoidable political conditions. There will be present approximately BO picked men from all over Latin America, together with the Ambassa dors and Ministers of these countries who have received a special Invitation from the Secretary of the Treasury. In addition to these delegates and diplo mats. Secretary McAdoo has also in vited a select list of representative barjkers, financiers and commercial leaders of the United States, and also S- -"TV 111 ' B " v. POINTERS ARE GIVEN ON FEEDING OF CHICKENS Study of Composition of Fowls' Flesh and Eggs Suggested in Planning Rations to Give Effects Most Desired in Poultry Yard. BY IV. Lt'DWIG. ' THE term protein designates the compounds found in the tissues of all plants and animals and feed uffs which contain nitrogen. Some times these compounds are referred to as nitrogenous substances because their most distinguished characteristic is the constant presence of nitrogen. Nitrogen is an absolute essential to an imal life and It Is because of this fact that the nitrogenous compounds are called proiein. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and sometimes sulphur, phos phorous and Iron are found in the pro tein compounds. Protein is the substance which forms the white of the egg. Casein in milk and gluten in wheat flour are familiar examples of protein. The most impor tant group of materials found in the body is protein, as it forms the base of all living tissue. It supplies the mate, rial for bone, muscles, skin, blood, feathers and eggs. It produces the tissue desired in growing chicks or young animals and repairs and builds up the waste tissue in the adult. The flesh of poultry contains a greater portion of protein to fat than t found in other animals. More than 31 per cent of approximate composition of a Leghorn hen is protein, while it constitutes 4S.9 per cent on nearly half of the total dry matter. The newly laid egg contains 11.4 per cent of pro tein and with the large amount of water and ash it constitutes 49.8 per cent of the dry matter of the contents of the egg. The dry matter of the white of the egr is nearly 94 per cent, while that of the yolk is more than 31 per cent protein. Wheat High In Protein. Trie average protein content of wheat Is about 12 per cent and corn a trifle more than 10 per cent. Our most com mon grains have about the same ratio of this valuable element. By-products Mich as wheat and middlings contain IS. 2 per cent and gluten feed 25 per .cut. but are fed In rather limited 1 im n t i ties. Almost all of our grains contain the lemetits for eirat-making, but they are not iry the rit:IU proportion for making the egg. Usually they contain too much of the fattening eleemnt and not tumuli protein or nitrogenous clement President Wilson lo the members of the Cabinet, the Coun sellor and Assistant Secretaries of the State Department, the Assistant Secre taries of the Treasury, the Controller of the Currency, the members of the Fed eral Reserve Board, the members of the Federal Trade Commission, the Federal Reserve Agents, the Governors of the Federal Reserve Banks, the membrs of the Federal Advisory Coun cil, and the Director-General of the Pan-American Union Wllaon to Welcome Uelcgatea. The headquarters of the conference will be appropriately located in the beautiful Pan-American building. An address of welcome to the foreign dele gates will be made by President Wilson in person. According to present indications, this conference bids fair to be one of the most important international gather fings which has ever been held in the history of the United States, and cer talnly tho most important Pan-American meeting that has assembled since the first great Pan-American confer ence met in Washington in the Winter if 1889-90, and was presided over by James G. Blaine, then Secretary of State. The estimate which the govern ments of Central and South America have placed on it is shown by the recognized prominence, ability and quality of the men whom they have appointed delegates. If this conference is a success. It may mark the beginning of a splendid new era in the commercial, financial, eco nomic and political relations of the United States with all the countries which reach from Mexico and Cuba south to Argentina and Chile. To be, however, a success, it must achieve tangible practical results, which will enable the delegates to return to their respective countries feeling rewarded for the time and trouble they have taken in accepting the Invitation of the United States Government. If nothing more Is accomplished than a careful discussion of Pan-American financial and commercial problems, some good will undoubtedly come from this exchange of opinions, but there will be keen disappointment through out North and South America unless ways and means are devised for the betterment of present conditions. It can be assumed that one discus sion will be of practical Improvement of banking, exchange, credit, discount and trade facilities in inter-American finan cial and commercial relations and transactions. To understand the signifi cance of this point, it must be realized that the Kuropean war has cast, fig uratively speaking, a gigantic "monkey wrench" into the commercial machin ery of all Latin America. Prior to the war nearly all of the banking, ex change and discount transactions of Latin America, in both its export and import trade, were conducted through banking and financial agencies in Lon don and the capitals of continental Europe. In other words, nearly all busi ness of this character was in pounds sterling and continental European which Is the most expensive part of the ration. If results are desired it is necessary to supply the material in such propor tion that the strength of the hen may be kept without being impaired while producing large numbers of eggs. Ex periments have proved that for every pound of protein contained in the food fed to the birds there must be supplied four pounds of carbohydrates. Protein is the most valuable and the most costly part of any ration. In com pounding the ration It must be remem bered that protein is indispensable and that its place cannot be satisfactorily filled by carbohydrates or fat. If the protein content of the feed consumed is In excess of that amount which is required to build tissue and for egg production, it- is burned in the body like carbohydrates and furnishes mate rial for the formation of fat. Insect Provide Protein. Grains contain some portion of pro tein, but the poultrymen must depend upon other things to supply it in the proper quantity. . Nature provides worms, grubs and insects which are rich in protein value. These elements are readily obtained when the birds are al lowed to roam over the range, where enough bugs and worms can be picked up to supply the amount of animal food necessary and thus largely supply the meat requirements of their ration. If the birds are confined protein in the proper quantity must be supplied in the form of green bone, beef scrap, milk and oil meal. Fresh meat is undoubtedly the most palatable feed of animal origin, but the cost of it Is beyond the reach of the average poultryman. Meat or beef scrap Is the best form of supplying this demand. It Is composed of the meat trimmings from various animals slaughtered at the packing-houses. These are cooked under steam pressure for a given number of hours to render the fat. This sterilizes it completely and kills any bacteria of a detrimental nature which might be present. No poisonous matter is apt to be found In scrap prepared in this way, as is some tlmes.found in the manufacture of low grade meat scrap to which no treat ment Is given that would purify it: In other instances it is treated with a strong acid. Where sueh methods are followed there is danger of disease riTK SUNDAY Welcome Delegates Who Seek to Establish Banking and 1 s477-3sr'c?e9r? z'cf777cr A V.-.'-vv-N":--"-. i St?t?r-e3r-y a1 Che 7sc3z - money Instead of in dollars of the United States. The war suddenly cut oft completely these facilities, and both Latin-American nations and the United States found themselves without ma chinery for the exchange of trade. It is indeed an anomalous condition that, although the United States In the last normal year before the .war broke out, 1913, bought and sold products with Latin-America value in excess of $800, 000,000, nearly all of the exchange and discount transactions covering this trade was done through Enropean bank ing connections. Naturally, therefore, the war suddenly stopped the working of this machinery and it became neces sary for the banking, financial and commercial interests of both the United States and Latin-America to devise a new plan of action and build up new machinery. Much has been done al bacteria in the feed, or a strong acid I residue may remain when ready for J luamei. ueer scrap or tnis cnaracter has been known to cause the loss of valuable birds. After submitted to great steam pressure they are then ground to various degrees of fineness and sacked. Prepared in this manner, it will keep for a long period if stored in a cool, dry place. In purchasing meat scrap it is eafest to buy only that with a guaranteed analysis and from a known and reliable firm. An examination of the meat may be made by placing a small quantity on a piece of white paper and carefully noting the particles, which have more or less the appearance of a "dark brown glass." These .will be found to repre sent the hoof and horn, which are very rich in nitrogen, but not in the form that is adapted to the nutrition of fowls. A small quantity of meat can be placed in a dish covered with boil ing water, and if there is a putrid odor it indicates decomposition and the scraps should not be used. The safest plan is to consult the analysis, as It varies widely in protein, some times running as low as 30 per- cent and again as high as 80 per cent. Milk laed for Meat. Beef scrap is adapted to chicks and fowls at all ages and is the most gen erally used source -of animal protein there is. In some sections It is being displaced by the use of milk and milk pr6ducts. Beef scrap should not exceed from 5 to 10 per cent of the total feed. When it is fed to market stock it can be liberally fed. . Several tests in feed ing beef scrap at Cornell to poultry proved that the ones receiving it from the start grew faster than those that did not receive it. The proportion of animal matter fed the first two weeks was 13 per cent, second to fourth weeks was 14 per cent and fourth to eighth weeks was 9 per cent. In an egg-producing ration it is safe to feed It at the rate of 5 to 10 per cent of the total feed. The exact percentage varies with the analysis of the meat and the character of the other com ponents of the ration. It is usually fed to the birds by mixing It with the dry mash, permitting the birds to have constant access to it. If at any time it is desirable to force the birds for some particular purpose the scrap is often fed in separate hoppers. In or der for the birds to do their best they must have the meat In some form and In such quantity that la ample for their need3. The buyer should remember that the word "beef scrap" does not imply any thing so far as the quality is con cerned. The price should bo governed ty tho protein content. It can be said that some of the beef scrap on the market is good only for fertilizer. Green cut bone is also another source OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, r - c JV7to ready along this line, as is illustrated by the action of the National City Bank of New York City in establishing branches in Buenos Aires, Argentina; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and preparing to open offices in other cities and ports. This effect, however, is far from being sufficient, and now a general feeling pervades the Pan-American financial and commercial world that there should be established, in the capitals and prin cipal cities of each of the 20 Latin American countries, banks controlled by United States capital which can care for direct exchange In dollars and act as foreign credit agencies for the buy ers and sellers of both North and South America. It is hoped, consequently, that the work of the Pan-American financial conference may accomplish something practical along this line. Another Important question, which in of animal matter for poultry and Is seldom fed. as poultrymen are not equipped to grind it. It is a stimulat ing product and is unexcelled as an egg producer. In warm weather it is hard to keep fresh, as It molds and be comes tainted. It should be cut daily and then used. It is difficult at times to keep the grinder sweet. It is fed either dried or green. After the meat has .been trimmed from the bones they are run through grinders or cutters and fed to the poultry when fregh. This is a palatable and nutritious food. This food cannot be shipped or kept any length of time before It spoils. It is usually prepared on the farm or in the market for a local trade. The fowls are very fond of meat in this form and care must be taken- not to feed an excess or any that is tainted In the least, as it is conducive to the infestation of the intestines by round worms. Some caution must be exer cised in feeding bone. Some poultry men start with half an ounce a bird at first, gradually Increasing the amount to an ounce a bird three or four times a week. The amount per bird should never exceed an ounce a bird a day. Pork and fats are sometimes used to give weight when mixed with beef scraps and is a cheapen product than the lean meat that contains the protein, besides it has a low digestibility, for which reason it is not as desirable as beef scrap. Blood Products Not Kateemrd. Dried blood and blood meal are of doubtful value and are not palatable for poultry. Wheeler found that even when supplemented by bone meal dried blood gave a much slower growth when fed to ducklings than did one containing meat scraps or another con taining milk albumen supplemented with bone meal. Lack of' palatability appeared to be the cause. Fish meal is beginning to be fed by many poultrymen . with splendid re sults, the protein value being as much as o per cent In some products. There are t,wo kinds of fish scrap on the mar ket. One is made of the refuse flsk and is only fit for fertilizer, and the other Is made from the whole fish and is cooked, dried and ground. A misconceived idea that has existed among poultrymen who have fed fish scrap is that it taints the egg. Then another class says that the proper ar ticle does not flavor the egg In any manner, besides the eggs have greater fertility and that the chicks have higher vitality. Many poultrymen who find fault with fish scrap are unwit tingly feeding a commercial dry mash that contains a liberal portion of fish scrap in it. Analyses of 45 dry mashes on the market showed 15 of them to contain fish scrap and eight to lack any animal 3IAY 23. 1V13. Commercial Relations With if a sense is corollary to the one first dis cussed, is the development of conditions favorable to the placing in the United States of governmental, provincial, mu nicipal and responsible private loans of the Latin-American countries, which were formerly placed almost entirely In Europe. During a long period of years and up to the outbreak of the war, nearly all Latin-American bonds and loans, whether official or private, were floated in London or the capitals of continental Europe. This market was completely cut off by the war. and will probably remain closed to Latin-America for many years to come. It is, therefore, absolutely necessary for the financial and commercial Interests of both North and South America to get together in this situation. The Latin American countries. In view of the re markable progress that they are now matter. Fish scrap may be fed In al most the same manner as beef scrap. Experience shows for layers that from one-seventh to one-tenth of the mash mixture is the proper proportion. A poultryman declared recently that good fish scrap Increased the size of the egg, as well as the quality of the shells. He has noticed that several days after a moderate amount had been added to the ration there was a 10 per cent In crease in weight of eggs. , Milk Supplies Protein Need. Milk when fed in large quantities furnishes protein in an easily digested form. It is desirable on account of the protein content which it carries and also on account of its palatability. Skim milk, especially the sour mate rial, should be used more extensively by poultrymen in the feeding of all classes of poultry, aslt not only car ries a high nitrogenous content, but is palatable and the presence of the lactic acid material aids digestion. It possesses beneficial effects when fed to birds In large quantities. In fat tening poultry on commercial lines it is used to moisten the mashes. The feeding of buttermilk or sour milk to baby chicks reduces the danger of in fection and the spread of white diarrhea. Success in feeding poultry is a con stant source of study, observation and good Judgment. Mixtures of grain and mill products ground grains can be prepared and placed before the birds in hoppers, permitting them to help them selves, but in animal substances con stant observation Is required, other wise a wrong diet will result' quickly in heavy mortality. The following table shows the composition of various poul try feeds and of the finished product: Material and Products. Feeds Corn Oats Meat scrap Green clover Finished products Hen Pullet Capon Freeh egg ilO.B 10.3 6.0'72. 1.5 3.0 4.1 2.1 3.8 3.4 3-7 11.0 U.S. 5.0.63 110.7 00.2 25.0 .. . ITO.S,: 44i 1.1 21.6 .'5.8 21.6 18.8.. .U5.5 21.lVlS.tt'. . 4 1. ',. 4 -."l.".. St!. . !.7 12.SI S.Oi. 122 Study of Components Proposed. The feeder recognizing that there is close relationship which exists be tween the composition of feed con sumed and the products therefrom is able to select those feeds which pro duce the results desired. For the basis of a fattening ration to fatten capons the selection naturally would be corn, which is rich In fat and carbohydrates. A ration to feed the mature hen for egg United States Capital and Business. I ' "i t 1 1 - it teut: making, must have money from this country for a thousand and one pur poses. Just as the United States in its earlier days had to borrow money from Enrope. and later the Central West and Far Western sections of the United States from the Eastern states. Without such help, there may follow a long prostration of economic develop ment in some of the republics of Cen tral and South America. It might, therefore, be said at the present mo ment that Latin America needs the money of the United States more than it does its merchandise, and that, if the financial and banking interests of the great Northern Republic could loan $1,000,000,000 during the next five years to Latin-American governments, states, municipalities and responsible private companies, they would be taking steps which would increase the commerce of the United States with those countries an equal amount. It is believed that the Pan-American financial conference will help greatly in bringing about this result. Better Ship Service Needed. Another point bearing possibly more directly on the commercial than on the financial situation is the betterment of first-class passenger, mail and freight steamship facilities between the prin cipal ports of the United States and those of many of the Latin-American countries. At the present time the only first-class service flying the United States flag Is that which exists be tween the ports of the United States and those of the ports of the countries bor dering on the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. When the war broke out. It produced almost as much of a blockade for the ports of Eastern and Western South America proper as It would have if the countries of South America themselves had been at war with Europe. Fully 90 per cent of the exports and Imports of these South American countries, including their trade with the United States, was car ried in vessels flying European flags and mostly the flags of the nations at war. If there ever was a time and moment when a merchant marine fly ing the United States flag could have done or could do a mighty service, it was then and now. Having learned a sad lesson from this situation, the governments, as well as the financial, commercial and busi cerned, must consider In a practical ness interests of the countries con way what can now be done to provide new steamship lines which will fly either the flag of the United States or the flags of the South American coun- production would consist of meat scrap and green clover because of the large amount of protein and water. Studying the table one will readily understand why a high egg yield cannot be rea sonably expected from birds that are fed on an exclusive corn diet and why other feeds besides corn Is required to bring the pullet to maturity in good laying condition. A properly balanced ration should show a proper relation between its nutrient content and the compound desired In the product. When eggn are considered as the manufac tured product it is plain that raw ma terials of the right kind and in proper amount are essential to their abundant production. A bird in reality is a machine. It can be compared to an automobile, the engine of which must be kept running at a low speed but must have reserve power when the occasion requires. The fuel required to keep the engine run ning at ordinary speed may be likened to the feed required for the bird's maintenance. When greater power Is needed additional fuel i supplied and the speed is increased. So it Is with the bird. When a certain product is de sired, feed in addition to what is re quired simply for maintenance must be supplied in the proper proportion and of the composition which will best at tain the desired end. SETTLER'S HISTORY TOLD (Continued From Flr-t Fm.' Ewing Young's grave. 200 yards away In the pasture, for a stroll. Smith had been caring for Young's grave and on their arrival there, see ing that the dirt bad become omewhat settled. . tilted the four-square paling over and leveled the covering with a stick. Miranda had found an acorn in the leaves that littered the ground, already bprouted. and as silly lovers will insist in saying extremely silly things, she proposed to Smith that she plant the acorn in the middle of the grave and watch to see if It would grow. Having done so. Smith, not to be undone, then proposed to Miranda that she remain, on the farm Indefinite, ly, as "his wife, in order, partly, that they might the more satisfactorily watch the progress of the acorn. And it was there and then, as she covered the acorn with the toe of her shoe, that she consented to become Mrs. Sidney Smith, which she did three months later. She Is still living and was with us last week as we visited this Interesting locality. and stood under the spreading branches of the tree, grown from that acorn, and which measures at the ground nearly eight feet in circumference. During these 70 years she has lived in this neighbor hood and most of the time on this ,. -r aHiiff nfcbjm trles. There are two most important opportunities under this head-" one for liiK'S running between the Atlantic and gulf ports of the United States on the one hand, and the Atlantic ports of the eastern coast of South America proper on the other; and another for lines between the correspond ing ports of the United States and those of h west coast of South America. The lat ter routes, of course, would be via the Panama Canal. Subordfnatc to tbeso opportunities also Is that one of iha new lines from the Atlantic and gulf ports of the United States to the west ern coast of Central America and Mexico. I'.arope la Depended On. The importance of this phase of bet tering commercial relations in em phasized by comparing the countries concerned to department stores In a great city, where it Is impossible in conceive that one great store would depend upon the delivery conveyances of a rival store to distribute the articles purchased "by its customers. At the present time the United States and tha countries of Latin America are depend ing almost entirely on the conveyances of Europe, Instead of their own. to carry back and forth what they buy and sell. That the Latin American delegates to the Pan-American finan cial conference are thoroughly alive to this situation is proved by Interviews and statements which some of the more prominent delegates have already mad public. If other questions affecting vitally the financial and commercial relations of the United States with each of tha Latin American Republics are consid ered by the conference, Rome of tho topics that would naturally coma up for discussion would be the improve ment of lawn covering trade marks and copyrights, tariffs, taxes on salesmen i samples, port charges, consular in voices, rebates, transportation ratcf, special taxes, etc. The conditions In volving these subjects vary In the dif ferent countries, but in most of them there Is chance for much improvement. Just as has been the experience of h United States with its own laws. Tha present situation is no reflection on the countries concerned, but simply a char acteristic of the growth of any gov ernment In Its foreign commercial rela tions. In a brief statement of this kind it has been impossible to touch more than a few "high places" connected with this great conference, but, if what I have said here awakens tho Interest of any reader in the financial, commercial and economic possibilities and opportuni ties of the Latin-American countries or In the relationship of the United States with them, the office of the Pan-American Union, in that phase of Its work which makes it to some degree a Pan American International bureau of In formation, will be glud to answer all reasonable inquiries. farm. On the 6th of this month she celebrated her 86th birthday and is as hale physically and bright mentally as a vast majority of people are at 60. She has three grandchildren llvinir in the vicinity of Vale. Malheur County. riniiKkter Ilrsldea In Portland. Mrs. Smith and her hutiband lived in the original Ewing Young cabin for five years after their marriage. Here their first three children were horn, the eldest of whom is Mrs. Or. J. K. Calbreath, now living in Portland, and who owns that part of her father's es tate and on which stands the histories oak. Sidney Smith was one of those who attended the famous Cbampoeg meet ing. May 2, JS43. and voted with Joe Meek for "a divide" and an organiza tion. Airs. Smith has had a most unique and interesting experience in the his tory of Oregon. To have planted an acorn with her own hand and toe on the grave of tho first American set tler to die in Oregon possessed of prop erty, to have done this on her 17th birthday and casting the halo of good luck on the little romantic adventure by promising to become the wife of her sweetheart, and to have lived the succeeding 70 years in the midst of those familiar surroundings, during which time the acorn has grown into a tree, whose -branches r 4'i feet across, 'is a career, even the details of which are not approached by that of any other woman, here or elsewhere. With the exception of the third wife of Rev. J. I. Parrish, who is living near Salem. Mrs. Smith in the only sur viving widow of tho &I men who fol lowed Joe Meek across the dtvidlnglina more than 70 years ago. and that snn may live many years yet is the wish of all who have the pleasure of her acquaintance. "PINK MAN" IS NEMESIS Man Leaps I'roni Speeding Train to Escape Another Chasing. NEW YORK, May 16. To avoid "a little, bow-Iesgeii pink man." who, he said, had been pestering him several days. Michael Budish. contracting dec orator, of 341 Howe avenue, I'assaic. N. J., startled ,t!ie passengers In an Erie train recently by breaking a car window with his feet and then drop ping out while the train was traveling at 3S miles an houh through Passaic. After Kudlsh's Injuries had been at tended to at St. Mary's Hospital, he was sent to police headquarters, where he said that for fecveral days "a lillle, bow-legged pink man" had been an noying him. -