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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (May 16, 1915)
k THE SUNDAY OREGONTATf, POItTLAXP. MAY 16, 1915. WAR'S REAL ORIGIN LIES IN BALKANS MAP THROWING LIGHT ON ORIGIN OF EUROPEAN WAR. Fashion and fabric In all America there's no more happy union of de pendable fabric and clev er tailoring than that found in J , T- . it Fundamental Causes Found in Treaty of Berlin, Turning Western Eyes to East. S Mri' -p f" , .1 " w. ? jj :'F, . i EARLY HATREDS FOSTERED '41 )f-' 'on f liyt Mude Inevitable by Grow ing Demand of Slavs in Austria for Separate Government, Menacing lual Empire. BY ROBERT It. M'COBMICK. (Copyright. 3!15. by the Chicago Tribune. FublibheU by arrangement.) BUCHAREST. April 10. The origin of the present great war is found In the treaty of Berlin, executed on July 13. 18T8. Russia had como to the rescue of the revolting Christians in 1S77. and alter a bloody and costly war had practically driven the Turks from Europe, when the other European nations Interfered, restored Macedonia to Turkish misrule find save the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Austria to "occupy" and administer in the interest of the peace of Europe. Shortly afterward Bulgaria followed Roumanla's example in selecting a Ger man Prince for her King1. The King of Greece married a sister of the present Kaiser. Thus tho eyes of both Austrian and Herman Emperora were turned to the cast. Thus, also, began the Serbian hatred of the llupsburg family, which cul Kiinatcd in the murder of Archduke i'runz Ferdinand last July. Balkan National elIoMr Grow. In the years that followed 1878 the Hal kan nations increased in strength, in national feclins and in ambition to expand. They wanted all the land still under the suzerainty of the Turks, and 'ven coveted part of what belonged to their neighbors. Of all the jBalkaa countries, Serbia was the leasf fortunately placed, as it Had no access to the sea. A pastoral country, Serbia had little to export except pork and sheepskins. Serbia's Balkan neighbors raised the name commodities, so it was Austria who controlled her highroad to tho sea that made tho market for these prod tits. Hence, economic reasons, united with racial ties and national ambitions. demanded the annexation of Bosnia and llerzco'ovina to Serbia. AVhen In 19U8 Austria took advantage or the revolution in Turkey. Germany backed her up in the violation of the treaty of Berlin. Tho great powers were unwilling to fight, and Serbia had to submit. AVhen in 1912 the Serbians entered the "little triple alliance" it was chief ly to obtain access to the sea through the annexation of Albania. The peoples of the Austro-Hungrarian empire sympathized with a war against tho Turks, but the Archduke Franz J'"erdinarid was bitterly opposed to a move which threatened the extension of the empire that he expected to in herit. He refused to allow Red Cross supplies to be given to Serbia. Serbian Grievance Developed. V AVhen the allies had won the war Austria refused to let Serbia take any part of Albania, or to have access to tho Mediterranean. The Serbians now came to look upon the Austrians as oppressors, upon Franz Ferdinand as a tyrant. The Ser biiins are a turbulent people, much Riven to violence and to plots. The eunspiracy or. assassination was a logical outcome of the situation. The two most powerful internal in nuences in continental Europe are separate nationalistic crovernmenta and the strengthening of tho monarchy. Of Tno rirst we are unfortunately feelin the effects among our immigrant pop ulation; oi tno second it is almost im possible for an American-born to have any comprehension. ( in Italy and Uermany the two in fluences worked together to make great, nations. In Austrla-Hunsrarv only the strength of the monarchy has prevented the dissolution of the empire. It is significant that all the movements toward the division of Austrla-Huncrarv into a federation have acknowledged tho right of the house of Hapsburg to rule, over all. It was the monarch who, contrary to the will of both, people, annexed liosnla-Herzegovlna to Austria-Hun frary. It is only Bosnia-Herrcgovina n.nd neighboring . Slavs that wish to leave the dynasty of Hapsburg for that or tvara. oeorge. The two great International policies of Europe are territorial expansion and national .lealousy, called "the balance of power." German Influence Increased. Tho storm of rebellion which broke over Austria in 1849 has often been ueteated or smoothed over, but never crushed or satisfied. The German Em plre lias become richer and solider each year. It was entirely natural, therefore. for Austria to lean more heavily upon the alliance formed by Bismarck in 1879. Partly from accident of location. which has been unfavorable to a fur tlier annextion of contiguous territory, partly due to an autocratic form of government unsuited to the retention of distant colonies, partly due perhaps to the Monroe Uoctrine, imperial Ger many has not increased in territory In comparison with the other European rations. Her extraordinary economic- growth Is the wonder of the world her army the match of any other two. For some time she has felt tho need of room to expand, as she expresses It, "a place in the-sun." bike all Western kingdoms, her eyes have been fixed on the East.' Germany lias long had large interests in Turkey. Until the Balkan AVar a road lay open through Bosnia and Macedonia, to the Bosphorus, all the way on Turkish soil. The Balkan success was a bar in the way, but she promptly refinanced Bul garia, at 6 per cent and large con cessions, terms turned down by Amer ica. What coincidence was there in Charles of Hohenzollern on the throne of Roumania, Ferdinand of Saxe-Co-burg on that of Bulgaria, a sister of tho Kaiser Queen of Greece? The only throne not connected with that - of Germany was Serbia. The Serbian people look in German eyes about as Filipinos do in ours, and besides. Serbia and .Austria were ap proaching an "inevitable conflict." Time for War Become Ripe. The long hatred of France for Ger manv is known. The treaty of Berlin so offended Russia that Bismarck Im mediately after it formed a defensive alliance with Austria. England and Germany had been crowlinsr at each other for years when the murder of Sarajevo detonated the powder magazine. War between the Hapsburgs and the Serbian Slavs had been probable since 187S. certain since 1908. It also was certain that Russia, which had not freed them from one alien race to sub- Stein-Bloch Smart Clothes $20; $25, $30, $35 ' 'A union that has stood for 60 years" LEADING CLOTHIER Brewer Hats $3 BEN Dunlap Hats $5 SELLING Morrison at Fourth This map shows how Germany in her desire for expansion turned east, and through marital and defensive alliances made Slavic Roumanla and Bulgaria her agents in tho Balkans, clearing a path to Turkey, which was blocked only by Serbia. The shade d portion of the Balkans indicates the t erritory wrested from Turkey iu 1312 and absorbed by the various Balkan countries Albania being taken under the protection of Austria. ject them to another, would fight to protect them if it were able it was not able in 1908. Germany was by treaty bound to fight with Austria, France with Russia against Germany. Wince war was inevitable and it was inevitable unless Austria was willing to give the Slavs a separate govern ment, which probably would lead to the breakup of the empire better war in 1914 than later. Russia was rapidly recovering from the effects ot the Japanese war and building strategic railways in imita tion of Germany. France was increas ing the size and efficiency of its army. Both were momentarily embarrassed at home. England was on the verge of civil war, with the army against the gov ernment and its leading tactician just resigned from command. For Germany not to strike then would have been unworthy of all the traditions of Bismarck, of the great Frederick, of all that Europe considers statesmanship. Apparently Germany also knew that Turkey would fight and that the Balkan states would not. The entrance of Belgium and Eng land was an unexpected accident of war. FOES IN -OE ADLOCK Battle Continuous, but Inde cisive on Western Front. MANY PRISONERS TAKEN at the close of a two dayd" quarterly session here today. AVomen and chil dren were declared to be the chief suf ferers from war. , A resolution was adopted calling on all granges and similar organizations to work for the enactment of a law declaring newspapers, magazines and periodicals to be.public carriers of in telligence, and providing for their reg ulation and control aa public carriers. A farmers' picnic, to be held in Point Defiance Park a.t Tacoma on August 20, was decided upon. It is planned to make this an annual affair. An invi tation was extended to the granges of King. Pierce. Kitsap and Thurston counties to attend. BotU l-encli . and German Keports Mention Progress Xear Ypres and l'aris Says Advance Goes on Xortli of Arras. GOVERNORS TO BE, GUESTS Plans Laid for Western Conference Entertainment at Seattle OL.YMPIA, Wash., May 15. Speeial.) Governor Lister, as secretary of the Western Governors Conference, which will be held at Seattle'beginning Tues day, has arranged a series of entertain ments for the visiting executives, in cluding a visit to the B,remerton Navy yard and a cruise to adjoining points on tho Sound, a theater party to see "Everywoman," a banquet and tours of Seattle's system of boulevards. Governor Spry, of Utah, president of the conference, and Governor Lister will meet in Seattle Monday to complete and announce the programme of the conference business, which will deal largely with land matters peculiar to the Western states. Governor Withy combe, of Oregon, will present a paper dealing with an angle of the subject. Ex-Governors West, of Oregon, Haw ley, of Idaho, and Oddie, of Nevada, also will attend the conference. PERJURY CHARGE IS FILED Grant' County Stockman to Face Trial at Canjon City. BAKER, Or., May 15 (Special.) Benjamin R. Colvln. a prominent stock man of Rltter, Grant County, is charged with perjury in the trial when he was acquitted of the charge ot cattle-stealing. He was arraigned this week, and his trial will begin at Canyon City next Thursday. The -case is brought by the state, and the grand jury returned an indictment against Colvin last IMovem ber. but no action was taken until re cently, when it was thought that he was preparing to leave the state. The case grew out of his trial lv November, 1913. when he. is said to have testified falsely in regard to his al leged cattle-stealing. Colvin is wealthy and the trial is expected to be one of the most interesting and more largely attended of any case in Gnant County for years. LONDON, May 10. Fighting shows little abatement, on the western front In Flanders and France, according to the official reports from Paris and Ber lin today, but there is absence of ma terial progress on either side. The French report speaks of a "check of the enemy" north of Ypres, and of "new progress" north of Arras. The Ger man report, dealihg with events of last nieht. mentions progress along the Dres-St. Julien road. Tno uernianai say they have taken in this region since April 22, 110 officers and &4o0 men. besides 500 wounded. The official communication ot tne French War Office tonight said: To the north of Ypres we have in flicted a check on the enemy. our rnons have taken several trenches in front of Het Sas and at the same time have occupied part of Steenstraate. to the west of the canal, and or tne Driuga on the canal. We captured three ma chine guns and about 60 prisoners, one of whom was an officer. T-'rrnf-k Prosrress INortlt oi Arras. 'To the north of Arras righting con- inues, resulting in new progress ioi u. To the southeast of Notre uame ie Lorette our attack has extended in the north beyond the sugar rettnery ot Souchez and we have drawn nearer to it in the AVest. We have in, aduittou repulsed a counter-attack on the slopes to the south of Lorette. At Neuville-St. Vaaet we are con tinuing the conouest of the northern part of the village and have captured several croups ot. houses. To' the northwest or Pont-a-MOUS son. in the nlain adjacent to the forest of Le Pretre, we have mane aoout ou prisoners, one of them an officer." The report irom German army neau- Quarters at Berlin says: "Near Jsteenstraete we repulsed at tacks made by the enemy during the night. Germans Take Many Prisoners. "On the St. Julien-Tprea road we again attacked and made progress. Three officers and 60 men and one machine gun fell into our hands. 'The number of unwounded prisoners taken by us (In this region) since April 22 has increased to 110 officers and 5450 'men, to which more than 500 wounded men must De aocea. 'Southwest of Lille heavy artillery fighting was not followed up by the enemy with infantry attacks. "On the Dorette Heights the majority of the attempts at attacks made by the enemy were kept down. An attack on the high slope. which . reached our trehches, was beaten off. The enemy suffered heavy losses. FIFTEEN TO BE GRADUATED Wallowa, Commencement Exercises to Be Held TMs Week. WALLOWA, Or., May 15. (Special.) The baccalaureate sermon will be de livered to the graduating class of the Wallowa High School Sunday night by Rev.- Mr. Cook, of the Methodist Church. Tuesday evening following will be the class play entitled Mr. Bob." On Wednesday evening the graduating ex ercises will be held in the auditorium of the high school. Thursday the alumni banquet will be held In the do mestic science room. The class of 15 to be graduated con sists of Olive Tulley, Francis McKinzie, Stella Johnson. Mabel Bell. Roland Mar vin, Marion Womack, Ralph Hamilton Delia Fleshman, Scott McClaran, Wat lace Baird. Floyd Bishop. Ellen Walker, Edgar Connor, Miran Hayes and Kay Johnson. Wenatehec "to Have Day at Fair. AVENATCHEE, Wash.. May 15 (Spe cial.) Some date between July 25 and August 1 will be designated as AA'enat chee day at the Panama-Pacific Expo sition in San Francisco. At a special meeting of the trustees of the Com mercial Club yesterday to meet Carey S. Hill, commissioner of special day at the exposition, it was unanimous! decided to accept the offer of Mr. Hill to give the Avenatchee-North country an o racial day on the exposition cal endar. . SNOW LIGHTEST ON RECORD Washington Streams Are lixiected to Be Low Tills Summer. WENATCHEE, "Wash., May 15. (Spe cial.) The total snowfall for 1914-15 undoubtedly was the least on record according to the report of the United States Government. A record at AVhittirr Ranger Station in the Wenatchee National forest gives the snowfall for November 25 inches, De cember 55, January 51, February 47, total 178 Inches, as compared with 27 inches in the light season of 1913-14 and 534 inches in the heavy season of 1912-13. At Cascade Tunnel, on the Wenatchee River, the snow was gone six weeks arlier than In former years. At Tye he ground was clear of enow at the lose of April. As a result the stream re expected to be low this Summer. RUNAWAYS RETURN HOME Jolm Iay Boys Start Out to See tlic World but Tire of Hard Work. BAKER. Or.. May 15. (Special.) Seeing the world is not so attractive, especially when the world is a ranch nd you have to work on it. is the pinion of AVilliam A:iegas and Dewey Uensou. aged IS, of John Day. I he boys determined to travel, and in he night took their fathers' saddle horses and left about a month ago. hey went West in most approved style. but after traveling 20 miles they be came hungry and had to get work on a ranch near Drewsey. The job did not ast long, and after further efforts to travel without funds they decided that the bed and table of the old home was just about good enough and returned. ESSAY WINNERS NAMED Result of Northwest Contest An nounced at Whitman College. WHITMAN COLLEGE. Walla Walla, Wash., May 16. (Special.) Alber Hanson, of South Bellingham, won firs prize of $25 for. the best English essay in contest open to senior classes ,o high schools in the states of Oregon, AA'ashington and Idaho. The second prijse of $15 was won by Edna Chit wood. North i akima. vn ash. Ten who received special mention were: John W. Koontz, Spokane, Wash Wayne Davis, Pomeroy, Wash.; Glenn Teeters. AVeiser, Idaho; Andrew Thorn as. Marshtied, Or.; Grace Roddy, AA'all Walla, AA'ash.; Will Verran, Wapato, Wash.; Duncan Brlckell, Spokane, Wash.; Edna Gregory, Puyallup, Wash. Hattie Ericson, Tacoma, Wash., an Marjorie J. Money, Oregon City, Or. PUT WAR TO VOTE, IS PLEA Grange Resolution Alms to Take Power Away From Congress. PUYALLUP, Wash., May 15. (Spe cial.)- A. resolution calling for an amendment to the Federal Constitution taking away from Congress the power of declaring war and investing thi power in the votes of the people, was adopted by the Fierce County Grange WAR BRINGS BALLOT Danes of Both. Sexes Win Uni versal Suffrage. CHANGES MADE GRADUALLY GRANT ROADS SHORTENED Sixteen Miles Cut Off Distance Be tween Long Creek and Prairie City. BAKER. Or., May 15 Special.) Grant County is improving and shorten ing many or its roads. The County Court has approved the Canyon City Dayville road through the gorge of the John Day River, which has cut several miles of travel between the two places. The road was considered a gigantic un dertaking because it bad to be cut through solid rock for nearly a mile. The cost was $4000, much less than the estimate. The 30-mile road between Long Creek and Prairie City is almost completed and will be opened tbis Spring. This cuts 16 miles off the distance between the two places. It is planned to shorten and improve others eoon. Power Given ' to Reactionaries Fol lowing. Disastrous War Is Re- gained by People in Xew Spirit of Compromise. COPENHAGEN. May 1. (Correspon dence of tho Associated Press.) Den mark's new constitution granting equal suffrage to men and women, which or... into effect on June 3, has ended a long and bitter controversy. For this h.nrv i-.anlt the Danes can thank the war. Although' at one time it looked o. t ,.r.r,Ktitutional reform would dis rupt the country, the great conflict to which it is a near neighbor brought about a spirit of compromise as well as a feeling of broader patriotism. The demand for reform was too widespread for conservatives to resist, but conces sions were made to insure a gradual i V, n r . Electors must attain their 85th year to vote for candidates to the Land sting, or upper house, 'and their 25th to the Folketing, or lower. Formerly elective rights in the case of the lower house were granted at the SOth year, but as a concession to the conserva tives the limit will be reduced only a year at each election, which will in sure a period of 10 years for the re duction to take place in. Reactionarlea Gain I'onrr. It was in 1849 that Denmark passed from a despotism to a free constitu tion. The reactionaries gained the upper hand during the depression that followed the disastrous war with Ger many and Austria in 1866 and passed a constitution that virtually delivered all the political power into the hands ot the landowners by means of certain electoral privileses regarding, the Landstiug. or upper house, leaving tho popular body with little to say in tho running of the government. This constitution of 1866 lias been marked by a halt century of lighting between the two houses. The conserva tives held the upper house, which did as it pleased. As powerless in legis lating as was the lower house, behind it stood the people, and since 1901 it has been composed of liberals, 'mod erates and radicals, with almost no conservatives. Demand Comes From People. A demand from the Folketing was consequently a demand from tho mass of the Danish people and not to be ig nored.' Tbe movement for constitu tional reform began modestly enough, as only one amendment affecting a few voting qualifications, was asked for. Tho proposal for the abolition of electoral privileges held by the up per class and for universal suffraga for men and women was taken up vig orously by the entire democracy,, in cluding rr.oderates, radicals and Social ists, and notwithstanding the inequali ties of the franchise, the radicals even replaced the moderates in the Cabinet. Last. July it was seen thut universal suffrage was insured. The outbreak of tb European war caused domestic questions to be lost sight of for a while. Early in the present year the conservative leaders approached the radical Prime Minis ter, Mr. Zahle, and offered to negotiate on the basis proposed by the radicals. In April the compromise was arranged. DESTROYER DOES WORK Turks Hcort on Sinking of lJritlli BattlcMiip Goliatli. CONSTANTINOPLE, via London. May 15. Official announcement was made in Constantinople today that the British battleship Goliath was sent to the bot tom by the Turkish tornrdohoi t lr- Ktroyed Mauvenet-i-Millett. which re turned in safety to It burr. The loss of the llritiKh huttlesiiip Go liath In the Dardanelles was announced the day before yesterday in t hi; Britluli House of Commons, her Finking being ascribed to a torpedo. Green Peas Urged as Winter Crop. UANDO.V. Or.. May 15. (Special.) Green peas as a AV'intcr crop for the farmers in this section of the country iri tho idea of Samuel Wood, owner of the AVood Plantation, south of Bandon. Lat November Mr. AVood planted some peas, allowing the chickens and hom to eat the stxlks a they grew durinn tlic Winter. By early Spring the room hnij (crown to extraordinary size, and ho lit the stalks grow. Before Mrj ' : t le vities were bearing heavily and tl- pens wt of a nti ninitty. -j R ound Trips East VIA DIRECT ROUTES OR CALIFORNIA Daily until Sept. 30 Return limit Oct.31 Choice of Route3. Stopovers v ;.i Direct Callforinn l)irrrt r'aliiornlB Both Ways Ono Way. Bolli Ways Oik, Way. Atlanta $102.80 $113.05 .Milwaukee $ 72.50 $ 90.00 Atlantic City .. 113.50 131.00 Minneapolis ... 60.00 84.25 Baltimore 108.50 126.00 Montreal 105.00 122.50 Boston 1I0.O0 127.50 xew Orleana .. 93.20 100.10 Bffa, 9200 ,09-50 New York .... 110.70 128.20 Chicago 72.50 90.00 . ... ftll . .. - ,n Omaha bO.OO ..i0 Cincinnati 86.;0 101.00 . , ' , , .. , Colorado Springs 55.00 72.50 Philadelphia ... 110.0 1-8.-0 Denver 35.00 72.50 Pitt-bur -6 N8. Des Moines 65.70 83.20 St. Joseph 60.00 77.50 Detroit 83.50 101.00 St. Louis 71.20 88.10 Duluth 60.00 87.25 St. Paul 60.00 84.25 Indianapolis ... 81.70 99.20 Toronto 92.00 109.50 Kansas City ... 60.00 77.30 Washington ... 108.50 126.00 Proportional Kound-Trip Fares to many other Kastcrn points u HAINES MARSHAL LET OUT Council Cuts Salary, people Protest and Recall Is Threatened. BAKER, Or.. May 15. (Special.) Threats of recall of some of the Haines Councilmen are being made because of the action ot the offitcal body In dis charging City Marshal Davis. Davis was receiving a salary of $85 a month when the Council, after a stormy ses sion, cut bis pay to $60 a month. The people protested and 35 signed a peti tion asking that his $85 salary be re stored. AVhen the petition was presented there was another heated discussion and it ended in the man being let out entirely. Now the' people are indig nant at the Councilmen and threats of recall are being made. 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I stand back of ray work with a 15-year written guarantee Before having your teeth fixed, come in and get my prices Try My Painless Methods My Scientific Work My Very Reasonable Fees Dentists come and go, but the Old Reliable ELECTRIC PAINLESS ia always with yea. Don't forget that. On K. -Tra il Flesh-Colored Plates $10.00 OrOOd IM&ttCS fy !00 Porcelain Crowns $3.50 to $5.0O Gold Fillings $1.00 22-K. Gold Crowns $8.50 to .S5.00 22-K. Gold Bridge $3.50 to $3.0O Extracting 50 Ttprm We are always busy, because our success is due to the fact that we do the very best work at very lowest prices. Electro-Painless Dentists IN THE TWO-STORY BUILDING COR. OF 6TH AND WASHINGTON STREETS, PORTLAND, OR. 1 a conuort lor ouly zi cent. i