THE 8TTXDAT OREGOXIAX, PORTLAND, MARCTI 21, 19T5. 11 ism. Twenty-one cnapters of sound, good advice. . MEN PROMINENT IN NATIONAL AFFAIRS POSE BEFORE CAMERA The Will to Lire, by Henry .Translated by Pitts Duffield. Bordeaux. . 7$ .cants. uuriieia & uov Mew Torx. A new French novel, bound in the familiar yellow paper cover that says "French" all over it. Tp.e story is an admirable, old-fashioned one of French rustic simplicity, growing into rousing action. Diaz Lombardo, Villa's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Coming Into Limelight Chemical Engineer's Inventions Affect Oil and Dye Industries German General Never Had Field Experience. ' CA (tovprnmrnt is the murderer of Its citlsena which sends them to the field uninformed and untaught, where they are to meet men of the same age and strength, mechanised by edu- 1 cation and disciplined f or battle." General Richard Henry Lee, J writinar after the American Revolution. f. ' , - - a Are Wo Ready T by H. D. Wheeler. Illus trated. J1.50. Houghton. Mifflin Co., Boston. Much of what Is contained in this ad- mlrable volume of 228 pages appeared in Harper's Weekly recently, but other nortions are new. The book has an awakening- mission, decidedly. It is not alarmist. It appeals to tne American people to insist on Congress passing necessary laws by which every Ameri can citizen capable of bearing arms shall receive sufficient military train ing for National defense against greedy invaders, some day. Mr. Wheeler does not argue for an American compulsory, highly-trained professional army such as that pos sessed by several of the big powers of Enroot He does not scold, but Just pre sents facts. He makes illuminating comparisons of the military situation in this country, with that In Switzer land and in Australia, two countries which are not military-mad, surely. Do you know that during the days of our American Revolution juenerai Washington wrote, in November, .1775: "There must be some other stimulus, besides love of their country, to make men fond of the service. I am sorry to be necessitated to mention to you the egregious want of publio spirit -which reigns here (around Boston). In stead of pressing to be engaged in the cause of their country, which I vainly flattered myself would be the case, I find we are likely to be deserted in a most critical time. Those that have enlisted must have a, furlough, which I have been obliged to grant to SO at a. time, from each regiment. The Con necticut troops, upon whom I reckoned are as backward, indeed, if possible, mora so than the people of the colony." On page 19S Mr. Wheeler writes: "It Is not pleasant to reflect that, out of - every Ave men who went into the Union forces during the Civil War, one was a deserter. Our greatest shortage is lack of sufficient Held guns or cannon. We have just enough ammunition to last throughout one day of modern bat tle. "In time of war we could count on not more than 9000 regular cavalry, and 6000 cavalry of organized militia, poor ly instructed and poorly mounted. Wo should be short at least 30,000 of what we should need for a well-balanced army of 800,000 mea of all arms (in eluding 40,000 aoast artillery), and should have no reserve whatever." J Attention is called to the fact that In Switzerland, where all citizens of mili tary capacity and age serve at Intervals in the Swiss army, they are only paid for the time they serve with the army that with a population of 4.000,000, Switzerland, in 1912, "had a military force of 490,340 men fully organized and equipped, well trained and disciplined, and instantly available; and that the military expense for the year was J8.299.941, or $16.77 per man." Ameri can regular soldiers "cost us about $1000 per man. Here in the Concrete is what we are advised to do, as Americans, for self defense: "We can supply the necessary equipment for all arms of that service in both regular army and militia. We can provide an adequate reserve of guns, ammunition and other necessary instruments and supplies. We can abol ish useless and costly army posts and concentrate our regular forces into large and uniform groups in strategic locations. We can bring our regular Army into uniformity of organization We can give our citizens a chance to receive military instruction. We can build up a strong reserve. We can do all this without altering in the slightest tne position or tne military In its subor- dination to the civil authority. To make it secure that no man can turn the United States into another military Prussia, let us make it the law, since the people foot the bills and do the fighting, that offensive war shall not be declared except by direct vote of all the people. Mr. Wheeler is a brave man. Does he not know, since he has dared to expose our military unpreparedness, that he will be accused of being an enemy of nis country ana in league with the armament trust? It Pays to Advertise, novelized by Samuel Field from the plav by Roi Cooper &legruo and Walter Hackett. 11.25. Duffield -Co., New York City, ' A "talky," smart novel of the Amer ican newly rich. The topic of soap is handled entertaingly. The Kdge. by John Corbln. I1.3S. Duf lleld & Co., New York city. An American novel, mostly pictur ing jv'ew York City, with descriptive! writing, that is bright and cheerful. The people with aristocratic tastes and small incomes, pictured in "The Edge." are originally and boldly drawn. John, the Fool, by Charles Tenney Jackson. Bobbs. Merrill Co., Indianapolis. Baron, John Bernal, of a mystical romantic robber land of the South Seas, Is a swaggering hero whom Robert Louts Stevenson would have been proud to create. A novel-romance of fine and dashin sentiment, and just the. cure for folks who love to have a grouch. Creole land is attractively pictured. The Cheerful Blackguard, by Roger Pocock. t.85. The. Bobba-Merrlll Co.. Indianapo lis, Ind. Spanish grandee. mock-Indian, mem ber of the Canadian Northwest Mounted Police, outlaw, lover, hus band, bad man and murderer. That is the indictment in cold Eng lish of our hero, Jose De La Mancha y O'Brien, born In Spain of an Irish mother and a Spanish father, and on this account we cannot judge O'Brien as we would an ordinary citizen. His only brother, the Brat, ran away from England to Winnipeg, Canada, and Jose went to find him. Instead, at first, he found a Blackfoot Indian girl. Rain, whom he loved. They went into the wilds together and she adopted him as a fellow member of her tribe, lie actually took off the clothes of civilization and dressed as an Indian. Then the fun began. Rain dimly realized that she could riot be Jose s wife and they separated, He joined the Canadian Northwest Mounted Police, where he was often arrested for misconduct and largely for being a cheerful blackguard. Jose meets another girl and marries her. but afterward in his absence she proves faithless to him and becomes the affinity of Red Saunders. In cold wrath Jose and his wife part. Chased out of police service, Jose again goes to the headquarters of the Blackfoot Indian tribe in Western Can ada, meets Rain, who is still faithful to htm. and they become affinities. Word comes that Jose's first wife has come to bad end. and Jose marries Rain. Then the romantic turmoil of the novel begins. This is the bare outline. The poetry and rough chivalry of the novel fairly astonishes the patient reader. It's like digging for diamonds in mud. Tou are sure the diamonds are there all the same. checked. I do not ask that such re strictions as we impose shall accord with the loftiest Interpretation of our duty as Americans. Our first duty is to live up to the gospel of liberty, through the political practice devised by our forefathers and modified by their successors, as democratic ideas d veloped. What terms of entry may we im pose on the immigrant without lnfring' ing on his inalienable rights, as defined in our National charter? Just such as we would impose on our own citizens, if they proposed to move about the country in companies numbering thou sands, with their families and portable belongings. And what would these con. ditions be? They would be such as are required by public safety, public health, public order. Whatever limits to our personal safety, we are ourselves will ing to endure for the sake of the public welfare, we have a right to lmpo on the stranger from abroad: these, and no others. Has. then, the newest ar rival the same rights as the established citizen? According to the Declaration, yes: the same right to live, to mcve, to try ills luck. "Does it follow that we should let down the bars and dispense with th guard at Ellis Island? Only in so far as the policy of restriction is based on the theory that the present immlgra- tion is derived from the scum of hu manity. But the immigrants may be desirable. We sometimes have to deny ourselves to the most congenial friends who knock at our door. If statecraft bids us lock the gate, and our National code of ethics ratifies the order, lock it we must, but we need not call names through the keyhole. Mount guard in the name of the Republic if the health of the Republic requires it, but let no such order be issued until her states. men and philosophers and patriots have consulted together. At the present time a cry exists that, as so many people are unemployed in this country, with "jobs" difficult to get, all immigration should cease for a term of years, in order that -those or us already in America should have fair chances to earn our living. Against this. Miss Antin writes: "There is enough of America to go around tor many a year to come. It is hard to know whether to take the restriction ists seriously when they tell us that the country is becoming overcrowded. The population of the United States is less than three times that of England, ana England is only a dot on our map. In Texas alone there is room for the popu lation of the whole world, with a home stead of half an acre for every family of five, and a patch the size of Mary land left over for a public park." Holding, as she does, such liberal oDinions on the subject of immigration, it can be conceded that when Miss Antin lectures in this city, if she allows ques tions at the conclusion of her lecture. the discussion, if it is allowed, prom ises to be unusually interesting and valuable. They Who Knock at Our Gates, by Mary Antin. Illustrated. SI. Houghton, Mif flin Co.. Boston. Whether we Americans, native-born or naturalized citizens, wish to curb or restrict further foreign immigration to this country of ours, is a question open to dispute. There are two hostile camps arrayed against each other, for and against. One side reasons. The other side often re plies with bitter abuse. I. as a natural ized citizen and former immigrant am. along with others, profoundly inter ested in a fair discussion of this sub ject. At such a stage of inquiry, it is pecu liarly fitting and suitable to receive for review, a loan of Miss Antin's book, "They Who Knock at Our Gates." Miss Antin is to lecture on this subject at the White Temple, this city. March 31. under the auspices of the Council of Jewish Women. She is quite an author ity on immigration. She came to Amer ica in 1894 from Polotzk. Russia, and is stated to be an able speaker, both of magnetic power and Intellectual force. "They Who Knock at Our Gates" is a volume of practical experience. It has vision, information, prophecy and op timism. It is written in clearly ex pressed, vigorous English. The position is taken that the American Declaration of Independence is a vital document, and in It is written that the immigrant is entitled to life, liberty, and the pur suit of happiness "I do not ask," writes our author, "that we remove all restrictions and let the flood of immigration sweep on, un- The Return, by John Malmesbury "Wright. id cents, iuuairit.:u. x , m-. a, San Francisco, Cal. This dainty little book of 14 finely Drinted Danes was written oy- air. Wright, of San Francisco, who dates his oresentation August 25, 1914. The book has just reacnea mis oiuce ior review. The Return" is the singularly pa thetic yet gloriously fashioned account of the return to this life of NapoleorH the Great, to lead the allied troops to victorv over the Germans. It will be read with marked appreciation by the French and their allies, and no doubt scorned by the other side. That is per fectly natural. The opening scene is the great Dome of the Invalides, and it is seen that the casket within the sarcophagus is suddenly empty. The time is August, 1914, when the Germans are sweeping the French and allies before them to ward Paris. The Little Corporal arises from the dead to save France and shows himself before the president of the French republic. The president recognizes his visitor as the Little Cor poral, and at his request gives Napol eon command over the French armies. "I am myself," says Napoleon. "Once I served the French people as soldier, as Consul, as their Emperor. Call me not sire.' I have learned how false my dream of empire. Not again will 1 be Emperor." "What title will you have?" asked the president. "Only the title given me by my bo! dlers on the field of victory, my dear est, produest name, the 'Little Cor Doral " Napoleon shows himself to the French armies and is greeted with cheers. He orders General Joffre to defend Paris, General Pau to with draw from Alsace and to secure the border with General French. The lat ter is ordered to continue fighting. "Soldiers, I wear the sword of Au sterlttz. Behold it, the sword of vic tory," cries Napoleon. The foe is pressed backward through France, Belgium and Germany, until Berlin is reached and the German armies scattered. His work done, and bin France saved. Napoleon returns to his sleep in the tomb at tne invaiiaes. Essentials of English Speech and Literature, by Frank R. Vizetolly, bUD. 11.00. Funk Watnals Co., New York City. Dr. Vizetelly Is an esteemed literary authority and is especially so on the subject of this highly educative book. which is a carefully arranged ana com prehensive study. It is an outline of the origin and growth of the English language and its literature, with chap ters on the influence of the Bible, the value of the dictionary and the use of the grammar in the study of the Eng lish tongue. The Business of Advertising, by Ernest Elmo Calkins. D. Appieton c t-o., iew jtora City. Brief, bearing the impress of business experience, and attractively written, this book of 363 pages points the way to those who deal in advertising and how It is done. It is also up to date, and brimming over with new ideas. Many trade examples of success achieved by advertising, are furnished. I Heads oi cnapters:- ww is advertis ing? Sellers of space. Sellers of Adver ing. Buyers of advertising. The neces sary steps for marketing a new pro duct. The advertising renaissance. The creative work of advertising. Selling at retail. Advertising as a profession Censorship of copy. Total number of publications. Advertising organizations. A business library. , Neighbors, by Herbert Kaufman. T5 cents. George H. Doran Co.. Now York City. Herbert Kaufman is a new King Solomon and with a dash of Robert Louis Stevenson in his makeup. Here we have 144 pages of chunky, qrisp like wisdom, reflecting experience and shrewd yet kindly observation and all marked more or less by bright optim- Angela's Business, by Henry Sydnor Har rison, ti.o. Houghton, Mirriln Co., .Bos- ion. One of the "big" novels of the sea son. It is intellectual, literary scholastic and reflects some astonish ingly remarkable femininity. The novel has Boston style. NEW BOOKS RECEIVED. The Star World, by A C. De La Crom melln, a fascinating study of the stars; So, Clallam and Syndicalism, by Philip Snow- aen. memoer or tne British Parliament, standard text boolc on the subject; The Principles of Evolution, by Joseph McCabe and Modern Views on Education, by Thisel ton Marks Warwick & York, Inc., Balti niure The Flying IT'S Last Stand, bv B. Bower, 1.30, a rollicking story of out-in tne-open me on Montana ranches; xn Taming of Amarette, by Anne Warner, a sort of "Taming of the Shrew" novel, but in this case the offender is a wife fond of flirting with other men a novel of sparkle ana wit; laDie service, oy Jucy Allen, $1.25, illustrated, an admirable and expert textoooa on tame service couraes; anu Siren of the Snows, by Stanley Shaw. $1.30, a splendidly done story of love, scheming and adventure, illustrating: methods United States secret people working in Canada (Little, Brown & Co., Boston). CARE OF YOUNG CHICKS DESCRIBED BY W. LUDWIG Heat and Fresh Air Declared Most Necessary to Successful Rearing of Fu ture Egg Layers Cleanliness of Quarters Also of Primary Importance. H BY W. LUDWIG. EAT is essential to life and it is especially necessary to the young or newly-hatched chicks. They have not the vigor to withstand the cold nor the protection of feathers to keep out the cold as they have when they are older. For these reasons they must be supplied with artificial heat Then, again, incubator-hatched chicks require more care than those hatched by hens. A sufficient amount of- heat must be furnished them and care must be exercised that thev do not get too much heat as the one is as detrimental to health as the other. When the poultryman uses the arti ficial brooders everything the chick re quires must be supplied. He must see to it that every want is supplied. Some branches of the poultry work can be put aside for the time being with out any great detriment, but when raising little chicks the right attention right oh the spot must be given if the best results are to be expected. Success depends upon these factors, the necessity of having strong, vig orous chicks at hatching time, practic ing a constant selection for vigor, maintaining the proper temperature. providing comfort, sufficient exercls- ng room, freedom from vermin, food In sufficient quantity and of the right kind and careful weaning. Brooders Styles Numerous. There are many styles of brooder on the market which have been tested and found to give good results, from the simplest brooder, "Fireless," to the modern machine, which automatically saves labor and takes care ot tne chicks, providing ample heat, regulat ed to the proper degree, automatic ventilation both night and day. suffi cient room for exercise and conven iences of every sort. These types may be divided into these groups fireless brooders, lamp-heated brooders, oil and coal stove brooders and. pipe systems. Each style meets the requirements of the different classes of pouitrymen. The fireless brooders are low in cost and are operated on the principle of the fireless cooker. They can be made from cheese or soap boxes and these home-made contrivances rear good chicks, but they require a great deal of attention. These brooders depend pon their successful operation upon retaining the natural heat of the hicks' bodies and it is dirneuit to ac complish this without restricting ven tilation somewhat. In fact any con trivance in which heat of some kind can be furnished will rear mem. al though such devices require unusual at tention and a great deal oi skui. Proper Ventilation Problem. The oroner ventilation of the fireless is a serious problem, especially in cold or changeable weather. Pure fresh air must be supplied to the chicks' sleep ing quarters and in a manner, that there are no drafts. Chicks crowding to gether in a fireless brooder without ufficient ventilation win sweat ana then they become chilly. Fireless brooders should not be used out OI oors unless inclosed in a box or coop. For the best results there should not be less than 12 and not more man tu chicks in a single brooder. As the chicks rely upon their body heat for warmth, less than 13 is inaavisaoie, hlle more than 50 chicks in one brooder will result in great danger of crowding. Before placing the cnicks in tne brooder cover the bottom with two or! three inches of cut clover or other warm litter or bedding material. Place the chicks in the nest and then the covering or the pillow should be low ered until it rests lightly on the backs f the chicks. The compartment snouio be ventilated with a series of small holes which should remove the mois ture and foul air from the brooder, but which do not allow drafts. At rst it will be found necessary to push the little chicks under the hover when they nave oecome cuiu, uui m short time they will learn to run in and out freely. Lamp Type Most Common. The lamp brooder is the most com mon type used. Usually this type has two compartments, a hover chamber and a feeding and exercising room. The proper temperature is maintained at the desired degree by the heat gen erated by a small oil-lamp. It should present a system of ventilation which will remove all oaa air ana replace n with pure fresh air moderately warmed that it win not cnni tne cnicKs. The brooder should be simple in its appointments thus permitting it to be cared for with little time and labor Brooders that are complete in them selves or where each brooder has its own heating system attached are made in both indoor and outdoor styles. The indoor brooder is not made to stand the outside conditions and should al ways be placed where It will be pro tected from the weather. The outdoor brooder- is both wind and rain proof in and does not require protection. The difference between the two being that the outdoor brooder is somewhat larger, being provided with a compartment permitting the chicks to exercise when stormy weather makes it lmpos sible for them to get out. As a general rule chicks should not be placed out of doors until the season is advanced and vegetation appears or until the ground is ready for planting. Portable Type Appears. A modification of the lamp brooder consists of a heating apparatus and hover, the whole apparatus being porta ble. This type of brooder is usually placed in a small poultry house or coop and only removed when the chicks do not require any heat. This hover strictly an indoor device and is operated in a small house or any well-lighted room. Provision must be made with this style brooder to carry off the lamp fumes. In a well-aired house these fumes will do no harm, but in a snugly built outdoor brooder these fumes or gases are harmful. An outgrowth of the lamp brooder is the coax and distillate oil-burning stove brooder which broods from 600 to 2000 chicks at one time. This has been another step in the progress of the poultry business. The great ad vantage ot this kind of brooder on the modern large plant of today lies in the fact that it is a valuable labor saver and is economical. It is certain ly cheaper to operate one heater than to care for 20 lamps. The only dis advantage found is that the chicks do not do as well in large flocks, excepting under the most expert man agement. Hot Water Used In Large Plants. The hot water pipe system is usually round on plants of large capacity ow ing to the cost of erecting a brooder house of this size. The house is di vided into small pens in which a hover is placed. The heat is supplied through pipes running the entire length of the building furnishing the heat With this style in vogue the flock is divided into small numbers and possesses the advantage of using but one heater. However, poultry raising on a large scale is entirely dependent upon arti ficial methods. These artificial meth ods have made commercial poultry growing possible and are indispensable in the profitable development of the business. No matter what style brooder house or stove is used the care of the chicks is about .the same. Two important factors in artificial brooding are temperature and feeding. Experiments carried on by Lewis proves that 100 degrees is a proper temperature ior me tirst week. So for the second week, 92 degrees for the third week and about 88 degrees for the fourth week. Where a high temperature was continued for many days the vitality of the brood was lowered and the mortality was heavy Any extreme variation of temperature especially if rapidly produced will cause heavy death rate. Variations Are Fatal. Variations in the brooder tempera tures especially during the first two weeks are responsible for mortality of the chicks. Deaths were found to occur at the time of, or immediately after, extreme variations either up or down. It is, however, a good rule to keep the hover just warm enough so that the chicks will spread out over the floor and not crowd, although it should never be high enough to cause panting. It is unsafe to lay down absolute rules for all breeds. Make the chicks comfortable. In cold wea ther they require more heat than in moderate weather. Strong, vigorous chicks require less heat than those of low vitality. The temperature should be reduced as the chicks gro7 so as to be combatible with their comfort. No matter what device or brooder you use to brood your chicks there are certain conditions that must exist provided you are to procure maximum results with the minimum expense, labor and loss. On the other hand success is gained by some while others fall. Why is this? Carelessness, lack of Information, actual neglect and in attention to many small necessary de tails invite disaster. Disinfecting Brooder Urged. Before the chicks are placed in the brooder that has been used it should be carefully cleaned and disinfected in every part If there are any drop pings on the floor or any dirt, scrape it off with a putty knife and then remove all with a stiff brush. Dis infect every part thoroughly, the ther mometer, drinking fountain and feed troughs. If it is an indoor brooder disinfect the building that it will be placed in. Give the same thorough treatement to an outside brooder. After the brooder has been cleaned place either sand or cut clover on the bottom. Run the brooder for a it I " ? ' - I r.j3. ni xl ' ami raic l Diaz Lombardo is the new Minis-I I S vissrfrs,--- -'" -tV .. . ' f V - ,5 14 X J- W ?J EW YORK, March 20 (Special.) Diaz Lombardo is the new Minis ter of Foreign Affairs appointed by General Villa. If the Villistas win the control of Mexico, he will be the leading member of the Mexican Cabinet. B. E. Woodbury, Attorney-General of New York, has sued the New York Tri bune for $50,000 for alleged libel. He charges that an editorial in the paper which criticised him for withdrawing W. T. Jerome from the Thaw case was libellous in character. Dr. Walter F. Rittman, chemical en gineer of the Bureau of Mines, is the discoverer of two valuable processes, one of which, it is said, will be of tre mendous importance to the oil industry and will greatly increase the supply ct gasoline, while the other may make ti e United States independent of Germany and other nations flSr supplies of mate rial necessary for the dye industry and the manufacture of high explosives used in warfare. An Englishman in New York when asked to name the "typical British com mander," answered "General Sir Doug las Haig. He is one of the British com manders at the front in France. He commanded at Aldershot until the be ginning of the war. He is an Oxford man and joined the Hussars in 188$. He has served in Egyptian and South Afri can campaigns and has been decorated several times. Chancellor von Bethmann-Hollweg aitnougn a Lieutenant-Ueneral. never saw army service. He was a Lieutenant in the reserve at 23 and later as presi dent of the Province of Brandenburg, he was made a Captain. He became a Major when he was appointed Chancel lor in 1909 and was promoted from that rank to that of Lieutenant-General, TROUSSEAU IS RETURNED Burglar's Wife Takes Stolen Articles Back to iirl. PHILADELPHIA, Mar. 14 Romance may melt the heart even of a sneak thief. ' This fact was demonstrated a few days ago when the wedding dress and trousseau of a bride-to-be of Darby was returned to her, almost as mysteriously as it had been stolen Thursday night. The girl. Miss Verna Middleton, of 1025 Main street, had given up all hope of ever seeing her beautiful silk gown again, and she was sorrowfully plying her needle on an other and humbler dress in order that her marriage might not be postponed. when she was startled by a timid rap on the front door of her home. A tired-looking woman, poorly clad and weeping, stood before the amazed KrJi Sir XI girl when she threw open the door. The stranger held in her arms a long box. This she thrust toward Miss Middleton, exclaiming: "Take it, miss! It s yours. I hope you will forgive my husband. Don't ask me his name. He stole it from you; 1 know he did. Forgive him." Opening the box hurriedly, the girl found her prized wedding dress and other gowns making up her trousseau. Intact. "Of course I'll forgive him," she ld smiling. Reassured by this reception, the woman th.'n related the circum stances leading up to the rcturi of th dress. They were poor, she and her husband, she explained very, very poor. And the man had become dis satisfied with a life which yielded so little in return for the years of grind ing toll. And so he stole the dress, by entering the second story of the Mid dleton house from a vucant dwelling adjoining It "I found the dress." continued the woman, "and my husband said he had found It. I was frlRhtoned, hut It was not until I read of the theft that t knew to whom the gown belonged. I told my husband thnt I must return ft.' He agreed wi'.h me. H- wus sorry, es-' peclnlly when I told him thut It was a wedding dress. We, too, were married; once. That was a long time ago." And before Mir Middleton and her mother could question her further thai gray, faded little woman had opened' the door and walked rapidly down the street soon to disappear around the nearest corner. day or more before the chicks are put n ana endeavor to have a temperature t aDOut as or luu degrees beneath the hover. Many people court trouble at the outset by trying to brood their chicks in the wrong place or location. Chicks cannot be expected to thrive where adverse conditions exist All contag ious diseases are spread by germs. Germs live and multiply in filth. Filth is the breeding place of lice and is direct cause of impure air both which will destroy the vigor and health of the chicks. Therefore, don't locate your brooder in any old dirty hen house and allow the chicks to range over the manure auu garbage for they cannot thrive on such treatment Pure Air Requisite. Keen the air pure. o modern building where large numbers of peo ple are congregated would be consider ed .sanitary unless there was pro vision made for taking off this stale air and replacing it The air in any creature that breaths must be renew ed automatically by respiration so in any confined space the air that is to be breathed by little chicks must be renewed continuously and kept fresh. Sunlight is another Important mat ter. The direct rays of the sun should not strike the brooder floor through glass because all the chicks will at tempt to get into mis spot ana win be drawn away from the hover heat and crowd, thus injuring one another. Experience has proved many times that such a course is fatal owing to the' excessive heat that is .imparted to the chicks by the rays of the sun through the glass which acts adversely on all creatures that are subject to these rays continuously. When tne sun r v are shut off the chicks that have huddled in the sun spot are liable become chilled owing to the cnange temperature. Dampness to Be Avoided,' Avoid dampness as it is the cause of snme destructive and contagious chicken disease, like roup, canker and sorehead. Wet or damp utter causeu by the little chicks slopping their water over creates a dampness mat is harmful. Wet or damp litter emits odors and vapors that are fatal to little chicks. Prevent drafts, but have an ample supply of fresh air. Drafts are in jurious at any time, and especially so at night when the chicks are asleep. Provide all the sunlight possible as germs lurk and breed in the darkness besides, as a rule dampness and dif ferent forms of filth accompany dark ness. Air breathing and eui-loving creatures cannot thrive in darkness. Overcrowding a brooder is false economy. It is one of the best ways to kill a large percentage of your chicks and seriously weaken the re mainder. Drinking water is the greatest source for spreading disease and an imperative rule should be established! to provide pure fresh water at fre quent Intervals and to disinfect the drinking vessels often. Toe Picking to Be Fought. Toe picking is a serious vice. It usually develops where the chicks are crowded and there is a lack of animal feed in the ration. This constant pick ing of the toes soon causes the blood to flow and this proves palatable to the chicks. They crave for it and keep constantly at It soon becoming cannibals in this respect and ultimate ly this habit is extremely difficult to check. Provide plenty of room and more animal feed should be Included in the feed. Remove the chicks with the bleeding toes and place them in separate quarters. A little chick that becomes cold soon becomes helpless. The breathing ap paratus becomes paralyzed. The lungs are located on either side of the back and lobes of the lungs extend between the ribs and are protected from the outside temperature only by a thin membrane, coat of skin and down. It is not surprising that when the chick is chilled the lungs are quickly affecteo. the breathing powers restricted and a general enfeeblement of the powers of movement ensues. Instinct Is Strong. When a chick becomes uncomfortable in cold weather under conditions of artificial brooding and is unable to locate heat enough for warmth quick ly it obeys that instinct which tells it to get its back up against the mother hen. The result is that it trit to crawl under the other chicks. This disturbs the other chirks and results In bunching and crowding, which proves disastrous. Again, when the tempera ture is low and not sufficient to chill the chicks but fails to warm them com fortably, they quickly show the effect by ruffled feathers, and a general ap pearance of unthrift, which Is accom panied frequently by digestive disor ders quite similar to contagious di arrhea in symptoms and results. Severe chilling will check the growth of the little chicks at once, beside causing bowel trouble while overheating on the other hand has the same general effect and produces colds that often prove fatal. Do not undertake to raise more chicks than you can take care of properly, nor exceed the capacity of your brooder and you will not suffer the heavy loss and personal distress. "The early chick catches the worm" and the breeder who hatches the early chick and lots of them will profit by a well-filled egg basket next Fall and Winter. The Oregon Poultry and Pet 8to-w Association of Portland has selected the week beginning December ( as the time to bold its annual poultry show. The following have been engaged to judge: Oscar Nelson, of Coeur d'Aleuo, Idaho: William Coats, of Vancouver, B. C; Tom Wilkinson, of Nanalmo, B. C, and B. F. Keeney, of Eugene, Or, San Franclsoo leads on the first ballot as the place for the annual convention of the American Poultry Association, Now it la up to every member of this association on the coast and elsewhara, to vote for San Francisco and bring til convention there. TEA SOLD AJ$1 A FLASK Thirsty In Dry Town Got Preirlscljr What Man Says Bottles Hold. fLARKSBURG. W. Va., March 14. Several thirsty persons in this "dry" town are kicking themselves. Com plaints have been made to the pollca. that a well-dressed young man has been stopping men In the etreets, tak ing them up an alley and selling to them for II each half-pint bottles of a drink, which, on examination, turned out to be cold tea, "What did the young man aayf" asked Police Chief Harry L. Brooks. "He showed the flask, which looked like whisky." was the response In each case, "dlnked one eye and asked whether 1 wanted to buy some tea?'' "Well, you got your tea, didn't you?" TWO CHURCHES TOO MUCH Pastor Gives Job of I'rcaolilng to, Christians and liaptlMs. MONTGOMERY CITY, Mo.. March 1. Rev. J. W. Watson, who preached at Mlnoola. this county, and at the Baptist Church at Laddnnla. also was "called" to serve the Christian Church at the latter place, has resigned he cause some of his congregation object ed to his serving two distinct congre gations of different faith at the same is understood that Rev. Watson now will so into evantrelieile work. Any Book I reviewed on 1 I ke found at I eto this pace caa your Book store. The J. K. GILL CO. Third and Alder. U 108.0