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PORTLANU. 8CNDAV. FKBBCABY St. 1915
WASHINGTON'S BIRTHDAY.
Only two or three times in the
. . . . M.mr ef Trtn
course or nistory oaa
aDDeared who could be compared for
. Tirohino. I
aDiiuy aim -
ton and his associates. Ability equal
abilitv and character wim
to theirs has been far more common
than character. The men wno su.u-u
the affairs of Athens through me rer-
r i fi 1 1 ' " " - . t
PVnnklin and Madison
Wars were perhaps aoier uum
but they lacked moral standards. One
after another they weakened when put
to the test and under temptation
either betrayed their country to the
enemy or sought to advance them
selves at the expense of the general
welfare. For the most part men of
the first magnitude have appeared
singlv. Richelieu had no peer in
France nor Cromwell In England. Bis
marck left no successor in Germany,
and Peter the Great was followed by
a. line of nonentities in Russia. The
thirteen colonies, in "the days that
tried men's souls" were not without
their failures and traitors. Gates was
thoroughly Incompetent In the field
and few men have proved more recre
ant to public trust than Benedict
Arnold, but their faults were more
than counterbalanced by the merits
of the true leaders.
There was little of the specialist
about any of these great men.Frank
lin Is one of the best examples in
history of an individual of shining
ability in half a dozen different fields.
He stands equally high as a man of
letters, a scientist,-, diplomat and a
master of industry. Washington's
capabilities were almost as varied. In
his vounger days he was a skilled
wood'sman. and by his farslghted In
vestments at that time of his life he
laid the foundations of his fortune.
He was a capable, though not a great,
commander in the field, a master of
political management, a broad-minded
statesman and a dignified First Magis.
trate of the new Republic he had
helped to found. More than all this
he possessed the magic art of winning
public confidence -without which all
his extraordinary gifts would have
been wasted. It matters not how able
a man may me, if he fails to make
opportunities to exercisa his gifts they
are the same, as far as the public is
concerned, as if they did not exist.
Washington 6howed admirable mas
tery over circumstances wherever he
was placed. It is pleasant to think
of him in his young manhood pene
trating the great forests of the West
as a surveyor, perfectly self-sufficing,
afraid of nothing, able to take care of
himself in all emergencies. He knew
all about the woodsman's craft, sav
age perfidy had no terrors for him,
and he was as much at home in his
nightly camp as in his father's house.
The hardy adventures of those days
must have helped to prepare Wash
ington for the vicissitudes of the Revo
lutionary War when at times his army
was scarcely more than a surveyor's
party. He must have crossed many
an unexplored river in scarcely less
peril tjian he went through on that
eventful Christmas when he led his
little force across the Delaware to
attack a foe who had beaten him time
again on the field of battle. The in
teresting point about men like Wash
ington is that they refuse to stay
beaten. They possess the incompre
hensible art of wresting victory from
defeat and attain their ends by means
which ruin ordinary persons.
Washington received sows formal
education, particularly In mathematics,
just enough to make him a good sur
veyor, but of the ordinary "culture
.l-!ln.rlPK hn could have known but
little, if anything. His bad spelling
was rather fashionable at that time
but no doubt if he had gone to school
more he would have spelled better.
The point we wish to insist upon is
that he was a self-made man, almost
as much so as Lincoln himself. To
be sure Washington enjoyed some as
sociation with Virginia planter society
in his youth, but not much. We think
of him more as a solitaire, roaming
by himself in the forests with his
Tnariitattne on nroblems of mathe
matics or life and preparing himself
by eelr-dlscipnne lor me grew uuue
of which even then he may have felt
.winiHf forebodings.
k1 '
Men born to greatness are sewora
left entirely unwarned of their destiny
by the Inner monitor, uncoin stuaiea
his geometry dv me iikiu i a
knot on the hearth. Washington medi-
knot on the nearin. wasmngton ituru-1
Uted his Problems in the solitudes
of the untrodden forests, tsut , ootn
walked the road to greatness unhelped
and alone. Very likely young Wash-
ington's boyish friends spoke of him
as "queer." but if tney aid nis queer-
riess dla not impair meir laiin 111 ms
practical aDinty. tie er mtru
. I
rmnlovment from the time when he
i7u nlrl enousrh to head a party in
' - . . .
the woods, first as a surveyor and
. v.. on Tnrllnn flc-htor h Was al-
. . .. . 4 i,
ways a itnuei w m .......
. rt i -J-I
mand as naiuraiiy an unii-um liwus -"
.. . . refiisnrl - further appropriations for
rtoliticai speecnes- jnere waa me muub
Sft of leadership in Pericles and the
Bin. -
same remoteness, wasningron never
TaTbeen so near to his
as Lincoln, tie is a utile aim 10 most
of US. e incline i worsnip mm
' rather than to love him. It is 1m-
mner udi i
.possible to imagine mm leiums iuiniy
Stories in familiar intimacy with his
inenus
Pericles ruled Athens for twenty
. .. . i . .
vears without allowing anybody to
approacn mm auavij nuuoii luw
" . . r, v.,.- L.
know ht3 real secrets, xne imuut as
, if -e rnt Ann,,
sia. Washington found it easier to
u inttmatelv to the armv or thelw
1- l T 1 .V . . . . . - . - - -
whole country than to his daily asso-
riates. Tne granaeur tit iu oum mauc
a -olitude around him all his days,
The loftiness of his Farewell Address
Alio
is never absent from nis utterances,
Kven if the hand that wrote it was
Hamilton's its voice is ashington s.
: Lincoln sought merriment as a reaei
from the melancholy that haunted
him. We do not read il-.at Washlng
ton was ever gay. His spirit dwelt
apart In creative majesty brooding on
the somber destinies of men. ;He died
believing that the Nation he had
founded would lift the shadows from
human history and pluck from the
memory of the world Its rooted sor
row, if that majestic soul can see
us from his place in heaven he looks
assuredlv beyond the vicissitudes of
time and cherishes still his mighty
faith.
COrSG DOWJf.
mi. . ,.i.,j..,t e nubile finance ought
-1 1IO DLUUVIH f
v.- ki tr. onri something interest-
, Irt rfe,tcmfint of the
'"S 1" - " oV- Tr.as.
conditions or too uun
. . , buslness February
of flscft, year FeD- JV'a'SI. 66003
Income last year W m. date 42U.ao4.66U.O,
1915:
Decrease or income. .
Outgo of fiscal year Feb. 12. . -ge.eT.lSS.Sl
Outgo last year to aama date. 4i.63J.o.3.0
. . T a-a 77II.B4
Increase 01 omjo.. - -y ;- - n
Outgo over Income this year..! 2?'?'5oo"o2
r..,nro income last year.. 4j.J78,J03.04
a 1rt UU 2H3. 2U
Decrease In surplus 63,623,062.86
rl the Income
tax. the Government revenues have
steadily decreased.
uespite me iniaui-it" ..w .
tho imperative call for economy, the
c -nt renenrllt uren have stead-
Despite the financial depression auu
.ji.c.........- -
-- -
ily Increased
Tet the chief recent effort of the
Administration has been for
K,,lstlc 6hiD-rmrchase bill, in-
socialistic ship-purchase bill, in-
of at ieast ,20,000
----
000.
CLOTURE.
The shin purchase bill was Jammed
through the House in a single day; it
rests in the congenial bosom of a
Senate committee, after weeks of un
availing effort on the part of the
D...H.nf onH til Senatorial lieuten
ants to dragoon an obstreperous mi
nority into an agreement mat. 11
s te. The rules of the
Senate made It possible to defeat the
bill; the rules or tne nouso mauc ...
practicable to bludgeon the opposition
into silence In a very short time.
The House operates under modified
Reed, or gag. rules, which the Democ
nu uinipntlv assailed: the Sen
ate under a gentlemen's agreement
4 n. t chaii V10 no limit to debate.
The one is the apotheosis of majority
rule; the other the very negation of it.
In. the Senate no senator wno ima
.r.n cm inert the floor can be made to
yield it, except for emergency busi
ness; in the House no iteprweuminc
airan o-ot tho floor pxceDt through
favor of the Speaker or by arrange
ment with the majority leaaer.
Tr. v. Sonnt thtre are no restric
tions whatever on debate, or on the
. ... . . YI ..
right to amend a Din; in me xiuuoe,
under a special rule, no member can
even offer an amendment to a bill af
ter action by the appropriate commit
tee. In the Senate a filibuster may be
kept up by the. minority for weeks;
In the House a successful filibuster
is Impossible against the will of the
majority.
In the Senate, tne ina.ivia.uai sen
ators rule; in the House the House
machine rules.
The House passed the ship purcnase
Kill caIdIv TarniaA it was demanded by
the President. It was personal gov
ernment in its most perrect iun.i. xj.c
legislative branch yielded absolutely
to the executive.
The Senate refused to pass tne
oui,re thmieh.the President urged
it, and thou pressure got the entire
Democratic memDersnip Denina iw un
til seven or eight Senators finally
broke away. The Senate thus de
clined to make itself a mere automa
ton to record the Presidential win.
A cloture club. In the right hands,
is doubtless a useful instrument. But
what is to be said for It when it is not
in the right hands?
WHY WB PAY WAR TAXES.
Ex-President Taft's second article
In the Saturday Evening Post on
economy and efficiency In the Na
tional Government shows that the
Democratic party is hostile to real
economy. Mr. Taft's commission dis
covered numerous cases or uaeieaa
duplication of work and of wasteful,
out-of-date methods, by abandoning
-i.ir.Vi mufh money could be saved
and more efficient work secured. His
commission only "scratched tne sur
v nnA . n.-ct-f if it trrl oniv a very
lOLD e.v ..... - -
few of the offices, but discovered that
economy could be practiced as snow 11
in the following table, with Increase
of efficiency:
Source of SaTlng.
Amount
saved.
Consolidate live-vlng revenue-
cutter ana sui ,
Reclassify civil service and make
'um.P. ..: 2.000.WO
oure&u
Abolish confirmation by Senate of
local oillcmjs. men miwuan po
litical appointments auu i-v
r .. . . .1 tii a VL-nrlc ...........
"4.500.000
1.200.000
Biia.uia ..v .... -
Make general contract with ran-
roaa anu a'on.n j
for traveling expenses of Govern-
4nnt .niolOVeS
Concentrate delivery of public
documents
adopt modern clerical methods.
250,000
-ane bureau Deing jww. w
hlnd the times, aud thua wast
ing JS50.00O a year. Estimated
saving is only for this and four
nrh.r office
400.000
Jhansre methods of filing and
abolish useless recorum. oi.
mated ravins Is for Washington
1.500,000
100.000
i";"',,,, auditors- offices
(to one bureau
.10.U30,000
nrr Tft went as far as he could
- ... , .
within the limits of hte .uthortty to
, r .
mondations and thereby saved more
than $2 000,000 a .63 000
miss on , "'rv -st only 1-6000
- . ..
""---- -- -
rci-olMtliiri it m .1.(1 f' I)V t'lll v Mjiaiuu
'"S -
1 1 . ,,4. lAOcr -.11 in... 1 1 1 1 1 1 an 111 1 J 1 1
hurt at least $50,000,000 and prob-
ihlv $100,000,000 a year could be
I saved.
I The Democratic party no sooner se
- - - n. i
rnrprl control of the House than it
7 , ;. , .
the commission and the work ceased
itj ,y, inmi rv r-en renewed when
- - , . .
JyJ
i "- , ,
mission would pursue Its work in a
Ul, - it frlpndlv to the party of ltfl
-- - - - ,
TTlf-
pointing the commissioners he asked
1 cir... an tn nolitics and that a
nnestinn hi to politics and that a
ear later, on Inquiry from a Demo-
- . . - - . .
- h senator. "I was amused to find
. - ni
that all except one held political
views contrary to my own.
But the
vork has not been renewed under the
J w
.niunr. Arimlnlstration. and only one
the recommendations nas oeen
i - i . .
partially carried out at the present
-tially carried out at the present
air.n rxf rvineresj the consolidation
session or congress tne
i , .utter and life-saving
the revenue cutter and life-saving
" 4.w.. -
services underthe name of
"Coast
truaru bii..
ruaru otri yi...
The Democratic party has neglected
SUNDAY OKEGOXIAN. PORTLAND, FEBRUARY 311915.
THE
to save at points where economy
would increase efficiency, it nao
at points where economy was made at
the expense of efficiency. It has re
fused to vote sums necessary to make
the Army and Navy adequate for de
fense of the country. It has. pro
duced a surplus in the Postoffice De
partment by establishing parcel post
rates for long distances which are
higher than express rates; by denying
railroads Just payment for carrying
an increased volume of mail matter;
and! worst of all, by depriving many
remote sections of the country of mail
service or by giving them very in
adequate mail service. The treatment
accorded to Curry County, Oregon, as
detailed in a letter published in The
Sunday Oregonian. and to the Olympic
peninsula In Washington, as explained
by Representative Johnson in the
House, are examples of this last
mentioned species of false economy.
The American people have hitherto
been indifferent to this subject of
economy. Now that they cannot talk
over the telephone or sell or mortgage
a piece of real estate without paying
a tax, they are likely to give the sub
ject some attention.
AX ENTERTAINrXG BOOK.
Leroy Scott's new novel, "No. 13,
Washington Square," is as good In its
way as "Ruggles of Red Gap," which
has been delighting, fun-loving read
ers of the Saturday Evening Post.
Scott's story deals with a New York
leader of fashion, Mrs. De Peyster,
whom financial calamity overtakes
through the shortcomings of the New
York & New England Railroad. Com
pelled for want of her usual dividend
to forego her European trip and afraid
to stay openly at home lest her social
prestige should suffer, the good lady
decides to live "on the q. t." in her
own magnificent mansion on Wash
ington Square.
The adventures which came to her
door unsought and unwelcome make
one of the most amusing farces in the
world. Incidentally they reveal to
Mrs. De Peyster a good deal about a
world to which she has always been
loftily superior and so soften her ada
mantine soul that various love affairs
in which she is interested unexpected
ly prosper.
The book has the invaluable merit
of brevity. It can be read tnrougn
comfortably in an evening. The pub
lic library has a copy or two -t"i
circulation.
RUSSIA WITHOUT VODKA.
Prohibition in Russia may have an
important influence on that country's
fortunes in the war. The measure ot
success won by Russia has taisniea
the predictions which her detractors
made last August. Her army nas
whipped the Austrians, has occupied
n.nriv nil of Galicia. has withstood
the most furious assaults of the Ger
mans in Poland, has routed the lurKS
.nri h. fallerl onlv in its invasion of
that death trap of armies, the Ma
surian lakes region 01 Jiiasc rruasm.
Ti,. -Di.cciQri or-mv Vt it j vindicated it-
111B J L l.L... - ... J
self, and the fact may be ascribed in
no small degree to its aDsunence irum
vodka.
But prohibition is aiding Russia s
cause in other ways. It prevents use
in making liquor of large quantities
of grain which thus becomes available
for food. It is repbrted by close ob
servers to have increased the effi
ciency of the population 30 to 50 per
cent. To it may be attributed an in
crease in savings deposits irom au,
000 in December, 1913, to $14,550,000
in December, 1914. and from $150.
000 in the first half of January, 1913,
to $7,650,000 In the first half of Jan
uary, 1915.
Russia Is conserving her resources
of men, money and food at the time
t Tioorls them in order to
Win victory. Increased efficiency of
her laborers will make gooa tne arain
male DODUlation. The
grain formerly used in distilleries will
be available for food or for export.
The enhanced savings of the people
may be invested in war bonds, and
may thus help Russia to finance her
self. With her vast, rapiaiy-growtng
nnnnintinn raised to higher efficiency
in production and in war and prac
ticing thrift. Russia can reeci nerseii,
.tofenri herself and develoi) into a
great industrial and commercial na
tion.
UNITED STATES ABOVE AM..
Tho sentiment expressed by the
Polish Courier, of Milwaukee
"United States above all" Is so ap
propriate to the times that it should
become the motto or every true
iran. The Courier has shown its gen
uine Americanism by commending
fiia centiment to its readers, print
ing it in Polish for tho sole purpose
r,r incnrimr that it rwill reach the un
derstanding of those citizens of Polish
birth who have not yet become ia
miHar with the language of this
nnnntrv.
The war has made so strong a pun
nr. the heartstrings of foreign-born
citizens as to cause some confusion of
mind as to where their duty lies. It
has made necessary a reminaer 01
what patriotism is, and of how far a
naturalized citizen may go in support
ing the cause of his native country
without being false to the cause of his
oHnnteri r-mintrv. We assume that all
citizens aim to -be patriots, but that
some have not clearly In mind tne
nninr. hpvond which fympatny ior
their mitive country conflicts with
their patriotism as Americans.
Everv normal man loves his family
hiu homo anrl his neisrhbor3. He be
comes attached to his surroundings
and to the customs ana conditions
under which he lives. If his country's
form of government gives a tolerable
degree of liberty, he desires to pre
serve it, for his habits of life and
tvtr...0-ht iinvp heen molded hv it from
childhood. Even'if his country's gov
ernment be despotic or tyrannical, nc
opposes substitution of a foreign for
a domestic despot. He prefers that
any changes in the form of govern
ment be made from within by men of
his own nation. In sympathy with its
traditions and spirit, rather than
from without. In the case of a self
governing people, whether republic or
constitutional monarchy, the attach
ment to its form of government is
the stronger because it is, the creation
of the people. Is the expression of
their will and is changed at their will.
Patriotism of native-born American
citizens springs from these senti
ments; that of foreign-born citizens
should be at least as - strong.
Though they were not born, and many
of them did not grow up, under the
American Constitution, they know
from their parents how great has
been the transition from poverty and
at best restricted liberty in their na
tive country to well being and full
liberty in this country. In the case
of adult immigrants, the change of
allegiance has been a deliberate choice
by mature Judgment Family, friends
and property are in this country and
j n futv nn the maintenance
ucfieiiu av
of American independence and insU-
tutions. ' A fond regard ior me v..u
country" is natural and laudable, for
many relatives still remain there and
that country has many fond associa
tions of childhood. It is natural auu.
rinmrmthv for a. foreign - born
American to desire the success and to
uphold he cause of his native coun
try, provided that cause does not come
into conflict with the interests of the
United States, but no citizen can loy
ally do or say anything which may
entangle this country in the war.
when his words or acts are aiciaieu
by regard for his native country and
not for his adopted country.
rm.a Ttnite state tias no part In
this war and should favor neither side
until Its own rights and interests are
assailed or endangered. Should any
citlzen do any overt act in support of
either group of belligerent future
events in the course Of the war may
compel him to reverse his position un
der penalty of being branded as a
traitor, for American interests may
possibly array this country on tne op
nnot oMa Thla la.nnssible because
anything is possible in a war of such
magnitude. Any citizen wno nueuiiim
nnmmit thla finvernment to any
course favoring either party is still
more culpable, for later events w
require the United States to take an
opposite course and such attempts
may embarrass the Government in
upholding National Interests.
The only patriotic course, therefore,
for every American citizen, native or
foreign-born, is to lipiit his activities
t .no tn the wor to discussion of
its issues, to expression of his sym
pathies and to aid ior tne an.,
...nimrieri and afflicted as a conse
quence of the war, but to avoid any
act which would aid tne armeo. iorceo
4-1. police nt anv hellieerent. The
guiding principle of every American
should be: "United states aoove an.
THE BEST BACK-TO-IA"D AKGUMENT.
romnariaon of the prices of Febru
ary. 1915, with those of February,
1914, shows that if the entire crop of
wheat, corn, oats, barley and rye for
the Dreceding year were sold at the
respective prices of those months, the
1914 crops were worth $991,bu,i4!
more than those of 1913. Against
this gain is to be set a loss of $idi,
Kin nnn in the. value of the cotton
crop, which leaves a net gain of $760,c
nsssQo Aa larsre nart of the grain
crops was sold early in the season at
lower nrlces. their increased vaiue is
doubtless considerably less, but, as
ri.aino- above the price
on which the Agricultural Department
based its estimate, tne loss on mat
croD is considerably less than the
amount stated. Hence the depart
ment's estimate of an aggregate in-
r-re.fl.se of $600,000,000 in value Is
probably about correct.
This is all clear gain to tne tarmer,
having poured into his pocket with
out evtra. effort or expense on his
part. It has given the strongest pos
sible impetus to the "back-to-the-
land" movement. It is aiding to cor
mit iha errors of over-croductlon of
cotton and under-production of grain.
High prices have caused not oniy uu-
nr-er-erlenterl SOWlner Of Wheat in the
grain states, but extensive substitution
of grain for cotton in tne cotton
states, . some Southern states having
rtm.hieri their B-rain acreage. As a re
sult we shall-not only have a greatly
Increased supply or grain to mane
good the shortage In Europe, but we
shall have a cotton crop so much
smaller than the last that the price
must rise find tne carry-over irom
1914 will be sold at a profit.
The law of supply and demand is
thus a more powerful corrective" of
nvor.-nrfirlll r-tinn of one commodity
and under-production of another com
modity than all tne man-maae laws
that can be devised. It excels com
binations on restrictive laws In caus
ing farmers to sow wheat instead or
cotton. By its offer of high prices to
farmers it does more to send men
back to the land than the most elab
orate propaganda. By comparison
with this natural law. man-made laws
are as futile as the broom with which
Mrs. Partington tried to sweep back
the tide.
FffRENOIXGV.
We have Just read an article by a
newspaper writer who says that nei
ther psychology nor phrenology can
be properly included among the sci
ences. Psychology is excluded because,
although we know many facts about
the mind and its operations, we know
nothing about its inner nature. The
same reasoning carried into other do
mains would forbid us to speak of
the onieiiro of electricity." since no
body pretends to understand what that
subtle agent reajly is. We know a
great deal about It, but the thing itself
eludes us. Very likely scientists have
gathered as many facts concerning tne
mind as concerning electricity. The
laws of association may. correspond
anrhiK. tn those, of current transmis
sion." Attention, with the help of a
little imagination, may parallel elec
tric density. Thought answers in some
ways to electro-motive rorce, wmie me
flow of nervous impulses may be an
actual electric phenomenon. It can
hardly be said, therefore, that psy
chology is not a genuine science
though it is certainly very far from
complete development. It is still in
Kn,.t the same condition as astronomy
before Kepler discovered the laws of
planetary motion.
But with pherenology the case is
4.irr different While the Dreten-
sions of this artful impostor are not
quite unfounded tney are eiiremeu
shaky. No doubt men who have paid
ninn attention to the matter can tell
a good deal about a man's character
and abilities by the shape of his head.
The long skull drawing to a point at
the top indicates conceit and arro
gance with considerame accuracy, a
round skull with a low forehead and
retreating eyes conveys to the wise
a warning of animality and obstinate
-ir,o The flat forehead upon a
k,.irini at the back Indicates no less
surely deficiency of intelligence. But
when a few truths or tnis very general
r,.,r-o have been conceded to the
phrenologists the story Is ended. The
details of inference from the bumps
on the head Into wnlcn tney wouia
. .... .-o. o nt to be absurd.
lure u ... " tJ " .
To be sure there are phrenologists
oiv.1. reveal wonders about their sub
jects at public meetings. By running
their hands rapidly over a man's hair
they seem to gain marvelous msi6u.
into his past conduct, his mental ca
nnitv and , his future career. Rural
...ii oc are filled with admiration
HUU1C1H. "
for such performances, and indeed tney
are sometimes almost unaccnuiuauic.
Unquestionably the phrenologist learns
something from the shape of a per
son's skull, and something more from
.i- nn.itnnr and expression of his face.
The texture of the hair also has a
tale to tell, and so have the carriage of
the body and the unconscious gestures
which everybody makes. The "pro
fessor" profits by all these circum
stances to work his miracles. No
doubt Imposture mingles more or less
with all of them. A lucky guess here
and there, a bit of Information picked
up casually in the hotel public room,
a hit or miss Inference from spots on
the coat front or cigarette stains at the
finger tips, All these Judiciously used
. ' . 1 1 J ,-t rr and Rl 1 T P PS R
go rar to duiiu uy
for the phrenologist. But in our zeal
to convict him of humbuggery, of
which he is usually guilty, we must
not overlook significant facts.
No doubt a "professor" who uses his
eyes can perform wonderful feats of
character reading with their help. But
what of the blind phrenologists who
must manage without any such aid?
We have witnessed the most astonish
ing disclosures by these experts at
meetings in churches and public halls
where they could hardly resort to
fraud. They must possess some
veritable means of ascertaining the
habits and characters of their sub
jects. The theory that the bumps on
the head help them much may be dis
missed promptly. The general con
tours of the cranium doubtless, as we
have admitted, form a rough index to
ih. Tr.inri hut nhrenologlsts go Into
minute -particulars .and oftentimes
they hit very close 10 m "'
... it,.. aimau-iirlr Is excluded.
ciuse ihi 11 . . v. n -
What is their source of knowledge?
How do they find out the secret iacis
which they reveal to wondering
snickering .audiences? Phrenologists
are popularly associated wim .e-
-it h.-nnntlst. prestidigitators,
HiCiwwi ... -" . - -
astrologers and queer people of an
sorts who stray aoout m
vagabondage.
It cannot be denied mat nuui pe
titioners rely heavily upon their wits
..c..it, h,.t lust as certainly the
1U1 1 " " W -
successful ones among them do tnings
now and then that are quite mexpi
nr. -the hvnoUiesis of fraud. Like
a u J c v v..w .. . r-
ii.. t,4 uninma thev manage in
some way to mingle genuine miio
,..lth their lmrjosture. wnai
secret of their magic? we nave
before this at various times conies
o net-tain faith in "thought trans
mission" or telepathy. It is pretty
ii zio.rr.nnQtra.terl that mind can cum
. i 4 ...!, minri hv other means
than the ordinary channels of speech
and gesture. There must, in
thought waves which are intelligible
to a. iclciiu." .
,.htie vlhrations transmit know 1-
edge In some manner not ubiiii"
. j,
to wireless telegraphy. 11 mis miu
i4i to nnr entireiv Daseiess V.C -"
1(1 1.1 IV 1 1 - - .
j a vn-nr the "nrofessor or
uuuti...- - .
i ino" mat- fanev that he OD
piimiiuius.. . . . .
tains revelations Dy examining
. - n o ..intent' skull while he
UUUlO via - , . ,
actually receives it by the far subtler
process of thought transmission, x .
L j I.,-, himooif more than his
ne uetcn" . v
victim. Indeed the victim is frequently
not deceived at all. tie learns
n tnr- fonts ahout himself which
he never knew before and receives
good advice by following wnicn ne
foinnniiv reform his con-
maj -J. " ' -
duct and better the circumstances of
his life.
mv.,n o-o. n ooo college fraternity
men in the United States. The Greek
letter societies have 1100 chapters
j o nnn finft worth of property.
ana ow" - ' ,
There is a decided move on their part
toward higher scholarsnip anu .ic6n
democracy. Three of the big traier-
nities have speKen out aB""-
rr,. 1 n,l act far BJ1 It COeS. Dtlt the
J. Ilia 13 ,utiu -
fraternities are necessarily exclusive
and their Innate tenaency
is no,t likely to be overcome.
,.i.or,o. in the pronunciation of
fjllKliail o
scholars is deplorable. The unaccent-
n ni fH .r.nur wav v 1 1 1 l: 1 1 iu i . . i. . j
eu VUWCio -
.nnnri of er. Only the accented ones
.3 -n.lt, a ra nil Hlliri f a intu wiv.
.in their own duality. The result
must be that no woro m
.. u.niifi-inff vowel sound.
tnan on iuc..i..'j
Those whom this change worries may
take comfort from tne iac-t mv
pendulum swings long in the same
direction.
Seattle appears to have a lower
. . i .1 L..sV i nnoo r-
U(ja.Ul i a. iu -. r - -
ances are often deceitful. Inhabitants
a.-.u than 1-TirTIH.IlU. UU L txv V--
who exist only In the imaginations ui
4i.. r.e immortal. The more
census mjvc.o .
of them a city has the lower its death
rate must be. Portland is oieswu
none of that kind. Therefore the Grim
Reaper seems to gainer a larger ....
vest here.
r heino. trilled In Germany
XSUgs mc " " o , ,
to conserve the food supply, and f
the typical animal nas toi-" w "
fled by his shape, the plan is well
, . T fmrtuml the cats are being
oaseu. x" . . b - - .
killed for the fur to warm Tommys
"tummy" and back. Ere long France
will, no doubt, Degm war --v
Just to be in the Killing y.uh.
The world's peace foundation has
taken upon itself to define the rights
of neutrals. Having never yet been
right this gentle organization prob
ably has little to offer In the way of a
solution of present-day difficulties.
A Hindoo temple in San Francisco
has been left to people who are hap
pily married. It is now up to some
cynic to remark that the place wlll
remain untenanted.
An Aberdeen man has recovered
his memory after a prolonged lapse.
Which may prove to be either a bless
ing or a curse to him.
The report that the Czar is seizing
supplies held in reserve by speculators
sort of brings a pleased feeling into
our soul.
A Pennsylvania man writes to know
what a Jitney is. No, Edith, it is very
plain the man is not a traction mag
nate. France is buying absinthe in large
quantities. Which should give the
Germans sweet visions of early vic
tory. ' ,
The English Prize Court will now
pass on the Wilhelmlna. Of course
the decision will be in our favor.
It was a big day at Frisco; as big
a day as that memorable occasion
when we opened our own Fair.
The legislator is dwindling rapidly
in importance in the ejes of the
humble lobbyist.
Lost: Numerous pet measures.
L,ast heard of in the closing shuffle
of the Legislature.
The great Fair is open, so save your
spare change.
Well, there have been worse Legis
Revie of Detective Burns'
Pursuit of Dynamiters.
AT extreme ends or trie conimenv.
last two of the indicted conoplra
tors in the Los Angeles Times buildinn
explosion have been captured, and. it
is said, partial confessions t least
have been obtained. They are M. A.
Schmidt, arrested Saturday. February
13. in New York, and David Caplan.
taken as he slent last Thursdny nignt
in his cabin at Bainbrldse Island, a
few miles out from Seattle.
Thus ends reallv the phenomenal
searoh so successfully executed by
William J. Burns and his organization
of detectives. Evidence may now be
uncovered that will Involve even more
men "hlirher ud." but of the actual
dynamiter, the arrest of CapUn and
Schmidt clears up tne case anu or
certainty leaves no doubt as to the
thoroughness which characterized tho
work of Mr. Burns, who. from the be
gining, has been amazingly confident
of ultimate success.
It was In the midnight hours of
September SO, 1910, that the Infernal
alarm-clock bomb ticked Its de
structive course onward. The morning
of October 1 was scarcely an hour old
when 21 lives were sent to nn inglori
ous end and the plant of the Ixis
Angeles Times wrecked. Ilarrlnon
Grey Otis, its publisher and an
avowed and open antagonist or or
ganized labor, immediately act the seal
of suspicion on certain enemies who
had been prominent In labor agitation.
But Burns, the detective, naa many
months before, the Los Angeles disaster
set in motion a machine that would
fine-comb one of the largest and most
nfluential unions the Fringe ann
Structural Ironworkers' Union, and
e-rnose some of its fanatical leaders.
There had been a series of premeditated
and fatal explosions covering a period
of five years. In all parts of the coun
try bridges, buildings and plants had
been rent by violent explosives.. Sin
gularly enough the alarm-clock bombs
figured In almost all of these explo
sions, and their mechanism in almost
every case was. identical.- Detective
Burns had traced his suspects in these
cases to the point of making arrests
when the Times explosion occurred.
It was but the matter of turning a
hand to associate the Times disaster
with the many others that had preced
ed, and in a few hours Hums was on
the iob. His arrest cf J. B. McXamara,
Ortie McManlgal. J. J. Mc.Namara and
others, anrl eventually some or tne
hirrher-uns ars a matter of hlftory.
But tor more than four years he has
felt that the other two Schmidt end
Caplan would be apprehended. The
developments of tho last few days are
self-sufficient.
In 1911. alter he had made Ills sensa
tional expose of the MoNamaras' plot-
tins- and lone before the "hlRher-ups
had been sent to do their bit in the
Federal prisons. Burns reviewed nis
remarkable rase In McClure's Maga
zine, which had been runing a series
of stories of the work of the master
detective. These and many other Inti
mate facts he laid bare.
Burns' clew really besrnn In 1RO0 at
Portland, Ind., In the finding of Haw-
dust in which explosive had been
nacked. A "J. W. McGraw." who. It
later developed, was McManlgal. had
Ueeil DUyillK una rAiiiupi.i:.
traced to Indianapolis, where J. J.
McNamara. secretary and treasurer of
the International Association of
Rrirliro and structural Ironworkers
began to fiiture in meetlnfrs with "Mc
Graw." This all took place before the
dvnamltlntr of tho Times bulldlnu.
Burns and h's men subsequently
then trailed McGraw and J. B. Mc
Namara to Detroit. In the meantime
Mayor Alexander, of Los Angelas, had
askar! Mr. Burns to take up tne case
The unexplod"-d bombs found In Los
Angeles at the residences of Mr. Otis
and of the secretary or tne manufac
turers' and Merchant' Association
were Identical with those discovered In
use In the Central States, where the
structural iron contractors were ex
perlencinjj- a relgn of terror.
Tn the course of time Burns had
nlete details in hand. A man
named "Leonard," who. it later de
veloned. was M. A. Schmidt. Just ar
rested, was found to be the purchaser
of an unusually strong explosive at
California plant. Tho explosive was
purchased for one "J. B. Boyre." who.
It later turned out, was none other
than J. B. McNamara. the man who set
nff the rlvnamite.
Between October 1 and about the
middle of Anrll. when McManlgal and J
B. McNamara nvre arrested, together
with a great quantity of convicting
evidence. Burns hud shadowed each
constantly. It was but a matter of
time nrl sklllfulness until he had Mc-
Manteal's confession. Tho arrest of
.T. J. McNamara followed in Indlanupo
lis soon after.
Burns faced charges of "frame up
and all sorts of vllllflcatton until the
conspiracy was divulged and the ulti
mate confessions of the McNamara
hmthers. Efforts to Involve Burns and
his men and wltneses In bribery
charges failed. The genuine labor
leaders of the country eventually re
nounced and denounced McNamara and
others of his fanatical bent, after hav
ing raised over 225.000 to fight their
case. .
The quick dispatch of Caplan and
cnhmidt who it Is to be remembered.
Burns was able to name netorn inn
McNamara trials Is but a matter of
procedure, no doubt, although at thla
stage Caulan. while admitting his Iden
tity, denies he had a part w(,th the
dynamiters. '
J. B. McNamara and his brother.
J. J., are both at San yuentin. al
though there have been numerous
rumors that they were freed. Mc
Manlgal Is free, having obtained Im
munity by his confession, but his
whereabouts abropd is known only to
the prosecutor's office at Los Angeles
The "higher-ups" of the structural
Iron union were, within the last two
years, after legal fights,' sent on the r
way to serve time for their Intelli
gence In the Times and other con
spiracies. Larreat I'ntvrraltlrs.
DALLAS. Or.. Feb. 18 (To the Kdl
tor.)Vhat Is the largest University
in the United States?
What are some music publication
houses that receive song m?,n"""j,PtT
I r. A L' t rv.
In number of students and teachers,
Columbia University. In New York. Is
the largest, there being 14.098 students
enrolled in all branches. Including
Summer school, 920 teachers, and S30.
000 volumes in the library. Minnesota
has 8972 students enrolled at the be
ginning of 19V5. with 4S6 teachers and
185,000 volumes. University of Chi
cago, 7301 students. 4 62 teachers and
375,000 volumes; University of Califor
nia, 7526 student. 434 teachers and
280,000 volumes: Cornell. 6496 students,
700 teachers and 427.000 volumes; New
Tork University, 6150 Btudents. 450
teachers and 110.000 volumes; Harvard,
4354 students, 731 teachers and 1.724,
161 volumes. Wisconsin, Pennsylvania
and several others have 6000 to 6D11O
students each. The City College of New
Tork has over 8000.
For Bong publishers, communicate
with Oliver Ditson & Co., of Boston, or
Wltmark & Sons, of New York.
Ilrr 11ahanir Collar.
Judge. '
Salesman What size collar ileaa
your husband wear? "Dear me. I've
forgotten! But I know It's larger than
FillOb."
Gleams Through the Mist
By Uraa Collin. .
i. MaelllnctoB, F.eq.
11. Washington, put on Ihy nf,
Th draper of tliy msntl fix.
Come down, old chap, and m.it vn at
Tha ffrry of Ilia Klwr Ht-x;
Kor I hava ta'en my lyra from hoi-V,
And I deslra to make a pm,
O. Washington, to boost thy aiork
Among 1110 ounir.r s?t at nom-.
I sine not of th cherry trre
11- h..w th.... nui.lKf n.it toll a lis:
That never mail a hit lth ma
I think thou cool. let If thou'dsl but try.
I alne Insleail about lha tlma
Tlmi. .wiir.it ftrrra and f orcef 111 ! '.
I ring of thla In meirlo chime
Hut not about tha cherry tree.
I a'.iia; 'f how, throughout lh a'.
Thou dulfct put up thy surreal .-rai.
And boost lh cauae of freedom rr
That causa was like to meet manai;
And at In splla ef all lha tama
Thou didst achleva In name, sum
Thou didst wrhtw tlia f.oinuM p.
And went not Inio taudevi.ir.
I ainar of how. thouah rresldenl.
Firm In the chair thou long 11 "i sn
And let not all thy breath b i "t
Telling the people; "I am II
I lng of how. when thou werl .lore,
Thou didst no third term haonie 1.1 .0,.
I sing how. though a ramons 00-.
Thou dlJst not go and writs a oo-k.
I sing how on ihy whola csieer
In peaea or polltlai or flghl".
Or hera or thera or far or n.a-.
Thou kepfst no moving pi.nna tlgnia.
I slug of how, right flown tha Una,
As long aa thou didst horn tne rem.
Thou hadst a bona within thy spina
And hsdrt no grapa Julca 111 u.r v,..
I sln not of tha cherry trea;
That dopa has long been ocidone,
I sing. I chant, I booat for three.
necauss thou wcrt a rrglar on';
I sing (1. Washington, tha man.
Tha kind of man I Ilk to .
I sing of him tha beat I ran
But not about tha cherry tree.
a a
"Sirs" said the courteous office !.
"did you not tell mo that the latu
Washington was first In war. fliet l,i
peace and first In the hearts of M
countrymen?"
"Yes. my son." t replied.
"How do you account, then." snul
the C. O. B., "for the fact that tha
bug who addressed tho high school to
day told us that U. aainnnion
second to none."'
As I whfelo.1 a 42-cetitlnietcr h it " r
Into position and was about ti
the order to fire:
".sir," sal.I the. C. o. IV. "I cannot
tell a lie; the sporting editor told 10a
to pull that one oil you."
a a a
Solemn Thonght.
Grmgo Washing-inn. tha eoantrj a :.
Looked o'er the land and ha was tllel.
(!,, ain't it flei"." ! "U '"J,1
To hava a thankless, onerr chi;dT"
nn. mho alsna herself "Jean'tte" h"
sent us a wheeze about O. Waahln
ton having been quite a cut-up in 1
boyhood days.
ti. f .nenli merry tree in 11
fresh and green we see, and "JeHiirll
Is Jut such a cut-up as nrr .
mother was.
Lives of great mm all remind ue
That if wa get famous, too.
Future years are aft to find ua
Telling young folks what to
a a
Or, otherwise:
Lives of great men ail remind '
How our ti-aehere' tears would run.
When. In telling truth, they'd find ua
Nowise like ti. Washington.
v
A visitor from Mexico tella tie tliat It
now takes eight Mexican dollars to
erjual ona American dollar but think
how much more Jingle they Rot for Ihe
money.
see
K.ill.lrs of t t.rea.
It Is said that UeniK Waslilne 1 '"
lived ver quietly as rresl.l.1,1 ; n l
never permitted himself t. 1"! I"'
to Cabinet mcetlnn In an autoiuolnlv
a a e
Although given to .lilnklim. .lulnn
Caesar on no occasion would 1
smoke claara or cigarettes from th
Roman Senators.
a e e
An Interesting al.lellght on tic mi..
cessca of William Hryan'a ..lt acui
ties la found In the f.' t that neither
Kaiser WIMielm nor the. Cnr of llue-l
will compete against him for the Not.. I
prise thla season.
a e e
Franklin T. Griffith has never per
mitted himself to develop the Jitney
habit. . .
OKWnld West, ronlrary M his action
In previous year., will positively n-.l
veto a single Mil Ped by iKm Laijls-
lature this year.
a a a
General Von Hliidetibera has de
veloped recently a marked prd ir;e
tlon to spending hla Summer varan. .1.
In Warsaw or other prominent Urn--slan
cities.
a a a
Besides his activities for the ":
lifting of young Bailors. It Is said tint
Secretary Danlcla In his spare lima
has mad. a very broad supet lb lal sin.iy
of naval matters.
see
Lives of great men all remind ne
In these days, to make a hit,
Tla tha preas agent wa find u
Helps our greainaaa quite a bii.
My friend atlll objects to the man" r
In which I end my colyum.
see
He stlU thinks It la IH.
a a a
And so do I. but 1 f
a a a
That the end Justlrles the mentis
A Prayer for. Tencr.
Tor every battle of t'.- ""!'",.";'
v':r:;rn;:::r;"
(;,.,! the K.verlastlng Kalhar. Iho Tr
l'euc-e." (la. U:.V.
O Cod. when all the rnKo of bat tin .11.'-.
When hom.a nra desolate, and sheila
are snt-nt:
When garments rolled In blood talili
sheaves are blent.
And all thy dead gaie heavenward niHi
slBhtleHs eyes.
That once strained eager for an earthly
prize.
When the strong; rock ff Peace with
fearful blast Is rent.
When love is but a ruined battlement.
And only prayers for vengeance tea. h
the skies.
Send forth Hpain thy Pentecoet-il llamel
Burn out the rooted curse of human
greed,
I,et every nation own thy clorloua
name
The I'Counsellor" who comes In our sore
need.
Bid tyranny Its ao-long rule to cease.
U Word of tiod Incarnate, i'rlncu of
Tcace!
Maty Aletheu Woodward, In tha
Living Church.