THH FynAY OTtKnoyTAN-. POTnTANP. JAXTTARY 54, 1915. 7
. 1
TZ !
EVOLUTION OF SMALL FIREARM IS
SHOWN IN BIG PRIVATE COLLECTION
Dueling Irons, Flintlocks, Cap and. Ball and More Modern Revolvers and Rifles, Some With Bloody Records, and
Sabers, Bolos and Other Weapons Are Owned by Albany Man. '
rV i4 & l - : Mh -
4Z W1' A
8 -M'M
-" rtrsr i '
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LBAXT, Or.. Jan. S3. (Special.)
Tracing the evolution of the
mnrirrn fimsll &rm from tb
flintlock pistol of early times to the
up-to-date army revolver. S. C. Wor
rell, of Albany, has collected speci
mens of pistols dating back to the six
teenth century. Mr. Worrell has made
this collection his hobby for years and
believes he has one of the finest in
Oregon. The argTegate cost to him
has been more than iaoO. but it is
doubtful If the rare small arms which
go to make up his exhibit at the head
quarters of the Spanish-American War
Veterans, in Albany, could be dupli
cated for this sum. Mr. Worrell was a
private in the Second Oregon Regi
ment. Only one example of the early match
lock Is to be found In the collection,
and the classification of this, whether
as a small arm or piece of ordnance.
la difficult. rne weapon is
v.n... ennnnn p!?ht inches long.
which was taken from the walls of
Pckin at the time of the Boxer up
rising. When compared with the 16
Inch howitzers devised by the Krupp
engineers the Chinese cannon would
be lost.
Moorish Fltatloek la Added.
What probably la one of the earliest
of flintlocks was presented to Mr.
Worrell less than a week ago by Rev.
E. H. Hicks, who. accompanied by Dr.
t v uiii tt Athanr. hftn recently
completed a 60.000-mile tour through
Africa and the Orient. The pistol Is
of the old blunderbuss type, only
. Mmftriul from the match
lew uci 1 1 -
lock, and is proclaimea by experts to
be of early Moorlsr woramansmp. 11
Is of beautiful design, with an abun-
. . l . timminarm Jrh which
aance 01 umo ..........r-. " .-
the gunsmiths of the period delighted
to ornament tneir wch".
tol was procured in Spain, near Gib
raltar. A atep in advance from the blunder-
. -k n-r'all 0ft VAfltUCkV II i T-
UH
rel rifle, a flintlock evolved in early
. i Ml.nil hlKlnrv. OftllAd Into
j&menc
hw-th neea OI uie pioneer tor
- - Uia tviui nf vn n r In
. 1 .sv tf
by a plea of the unwritten law for
killing Harry Roper. After the case
was over Powell refused to take back
bis gun and It found its way into Mr.
Worrell's collection.
A mult!ple-fire pistol. In which the
revofving chamber was but a collection
of barrels, was found SO years ago in
draining a pond in Illinois.
Civil War Saber Ornei
"A saber carried by Colonel Enos, of
the Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry, dur
ing the Civil War. has become the
property of Mr. Worrell. A dueling
pistol used by a Southerner In the same
state Is also in the collection.
Kort Harney was one of the Impor
tant Western outposts or the United
States Army before the Civil War. and
its ruins have yielded evidence of Army
occupation. A revolver of an early
period was dug up near the old fort
20 years ago and obtained recently for
the Albany collection. The revolver
is of the type sanctioned by the United
States Government for Army use pre
vious to 1SS1.
Three weeks ago a rare dragoon re
volver of the Civil War. of which only
about 600 were ever in use, was found
in Harrisburg. It is four pounds in
weight and of a size which would make
it impracticable for use by anyone
fighting on foot.
Rifle Haa Tw Barrels.
A fine specimen of double-barreled
rifle is in the Albany collection, and
the ingenuity of the gunsmith is man
ifested in the position of the barrels,
which are placed one above the other.
The upper barrel could be fired In the
usual manner, while the second shot
was fired by a, hammer placed under,
neat " the lower barrel, the trigger
guard being so arranged aa to act ai
the spring. The weapon bears the
names of B. C. Wood and P. Posof
New York. , .
During Mr. Worrell's service In the
Philippines he -acquired a large num
ber of native old Spanish weapons.
One murderous-looking bolo J" "- pos
session has the back of the blade fair
ly covered with notches, which are sup
oosed to indicate the number of lives
taken by that particular Instrument.
taTwo brass-mounted rifles, identical
In every particular, were brought from
opposite sides of the g lobe. One was
- t r TXT R a V. OI AlD&ny,
whHe a sharpshooter in the Civil War,
while the other was taken from a Fil-
1Pl0nt0 ?irea7mr a?onrir. Worrel has
more than 100 different specimens.
Complete Kitchen to Show
AH Conveniences. ,
Government'. OMI. to
blbit Any Special Mode I With Ree-
,OImendatioR- for It. We, but to
Combine All Feature, for Demonstration,
Mr. Worrell's collection, and in spite
. ,W-: .1 I. Iiarf('l
condition, complete even to the hollow
in the stock, containing tallow to aid
in the greased patch method of load
ing. One of the rifles is more than
five feet long.
Two of the most highly prized relics
of the Whitman massacre were ob
tained late last Spring from E. L.
Wells, of Walla Walla. Two badly
rusted "horse pistols," of the size to
carry a half-ounce ball, one of them a
flintlock, the other of the cap and
ball type. One was dug from under a
slight covering of soil and the other,
still loaded, was chopped out of the
solid wood of a tree which had grown
up and encased it, probably at the ex
act point where it had been dropped
by its owner at the time of the mas
sacre. The weapons had lain on the
old battleground since November 2.
An effort was made by the State
Historical Society of Washington to
obtain the old pistols, but Mr. Wells
had promised them ta the Albany col
lector. Ooe of the freaks la Mr. Worrell's
assortment of guns is an example of
. i. .....lldil "rahVilt-.nr-1 niRtals.
named from the shape of the hammers,
for the weaDon is double-barreled. It
Is of Beleian manufacture and dates
back more tban a century. -
Many Have Graewme Historic
Many of the guns In the Albany Ar-
www iv rninmn histories linked
to them. A favorite weapon of Harry
Orchard's, slayer of Governor Steun
niinrL. nf THnhn. is amone them. It
a ilniihla.harr,lMl ehnfflin. BSW'rd off
to such a length that It could be placed
in an orolnary suitcase anu turncu
without causing comment. A beauti
fully finished dueling pistol, evidently
of Colonial times, bearing the name
of Krlder, of Philadelphia, was changed
. tA ron-nnd-ball tvee and carried
through the Civil War by a soldier
In the Confederate army, serving under
General Marmaduke in Missouri. The
pistol, still in excellent condition, was
presented to Mr. Worrell by a relative
of the Soutnern soiaier.
An antiquated rifle, of a type fol
. ..r..nii.hatl weaDon. was
used in a killing at Brownsville five
years ago. Charles J. Powell, tne pre
vious owner of the rifle, was cleared
i ASHINGTON, Jan. 26, (Special)
A complete aiicnu, -
, -.-to wfriirer&tor. sink,
- rem o iu i
work-table and other necessaries, is De
ing sent by the Department of Agri
culture to San Francisco for the fair
This kitchen is not a "model" in the
sense that every h""wlfe Is to try
and make hers as nearly like it as
possible, but iB rather a composite of
ny possible model kitchens, which
is designed to illustrate various essen
tia? principles of convenient kitchen ar
rangement. The American housewife.
?o?ewhose special benefit the model
has been constructed, must Judge from
It what appliances and improvements
n Arrangement will best fit her pe
culiar household needs and those of
her purse.
One general idea emphasized by the
Department's San Fran Cisco bound
kitchen is that the size of the ordinary
kitchen should be small rather than
large if the room is to be used only
for the preparation of the meals. It
should be as compact as Possible, , to
save traveling back and forth. Tne
stove, table and sink should be as near
together as is convenient, and the dis
tances to supplies and the ning-room
or pantry should be short. On the floor
of the model room the distances most
commonly traveled In preparing and
serving meals are indicated by straight
lines. -. .
Ornament. Not Recommende.
. - nr..innTiti the better in
a housewiies woritsnup.
. i f thin little exhibit.
Corners are rounded: surfaces are plain.
there are as few moiaines pDal"lu
catch dirt which must be removed with
so much effort. One feature Is a table
with legs -that may be raised or low
ered to suit the height of the worker.
The refrigerator, as it stands, would
i .w m.,.lrl MrAmmeild itself
never in
to any thrifty housewife, for one part
of it is linea wnn kiu
. i.w 1 l of ..I BnnlhtT with
zinc painted with enamel paint, and
another witn unpaini-eu .
this refrigerator preaches a sermon of
its own, for the advantages and disad
vantages of each particular lining are
explained in labels attached. Each
woman who reads may look for what
suits her own refrigerator, and house
wives from the North or from the Soutti,
from a high, dry region or a low, moiBt
. -v. .qortlrlA wtiirth feature
region umjr L" -
Is most adaptable for her own use and
pocketbook.
Excellence of Each Described.
In several
common materials in the model kitchen,
but no particular make is recommended.
The aim is to show saucepans or ket
tles made or steei, mummum, onoi..
ware, copper and earthenware, and de-
: - -. : i.h.1. .,niin hnw each ma
terial excels in its own way and its
advantages.
. i- 1 1 - n mniTAl a r A shown
ja tne wdi.D -
samples of the morecommon floor cov
erings and wall Iinisnes, wiiu irei
setting forth the relative merits' and
i t i nAu T.inrilAiim mnA oil-
arm.w uhcrb ui uau.w.H.u
cloth have their strong points, and so
have tinted, paimea ana uhuidocu
m I7nnteknj1 wall nanr lit COOd
BUi l iiUCS. V iiiouvu r-r
for some purposes and unvarnished for
otners.
WAR LA!D TO CUPIDITY
Dr. Shaw Says Peace Will Come If
Americans Forego Profits.
m'tit . TCT TT-TT A Tar, 1 & "T H TY1 t-
rniuwu. , uu. -
ways embarrassed when I stand before
an audience of Friends," declared Dr.
Anna Howard Shaw recently, wnen mo
addressed the Young Friends' Associa
tion at Fifteenth and Cherry streets.
Her explanation was that as a people
it was lmpossiDie 10 wn.en mw. v
her views, since they were already suf
fragists.
She began and enoea wiin mo p
movement, telling at the beginning of
. . An.jAnnl n.a.a mnvpment iust
me nMwii f - -
started at Washington by women who
are advocating neutral nations band
ing together to stop tne war.
.it. : 1 1 " gVin rl . 1 r frl . if
American men are unwilling to make
fortunes out 01 tne wairuureiiii
death." , . .
In closing she characterized war's
greatest crime as not the dead of to
day. Dut the decrease in the birth rate
resulting from the killing of potential
fathera
Dr. Shaw then spoice or me
tency of men's inconsistency In declar
ing as a republic a form of govern
ment which gives political representa
tion to only half its people. She main
tained the United States was an aristo
cracy rather than a republic
"The trouble is," she said, "the Gov
ernment has been listening to a bass
olo, forgetting the soprano is need
ed to produce true melody. Woman
suffrage is not a revolution, bnt marks
the last step in the evolution of a real
kii. t. Purnno thAV are fiehting
the divine right of kings, and here we
are fighting the divine right of sex.
tnd both or tnesa aivme risuw ui
is together." " "'-
SAN DIEGO FAIR IS DREAM CITY TO
PEOPLE FROM EAST OR MIDDLE WEST
Steady Stream of Visitors Gives Daily Proof of Success of All Year Exposition and Attendance Gees Beyond
Expectations Greatest Jh-awing Card So Far Is Road Race Over Point Loma Course.
ITI 4. . 4' r-J 9 't ',Vr ('ir.-'m4 I ?
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SAN DIEGO, Cal., Jan. 2 3- Special.
Three weeks have rased atnee
the onenlne: of the Panama-Call-
fnnii FTnosition here, and the never-
ending stream of visitors from East and
West gives daily proof that an all-year
.TKopltlnn in a land where extreme beat
and extreme cold both are unknown is
a powerful attractioin. Especially to
the stranger from the East and Middle
West is the 8an Diego Exposition a
dream city which cause, wonder and
admiration.
From the Icy winds off the Atlantic
Ocean or the Great Lakes, the traveler
crosses the snow-swept prairies to the
Pacific Coast, to Southern California, u
San Diego. In the city by San Diego
Bay he finds an exposition, an ouiaoor
exposition covered under a riot of
foliage and with displays both in the
great buildings and scattered about the
grounds out of doors.
In the East, pernaps, ne saw iu a
a nrtnnn, O nilTtlhA, nf CV fll B O II
uuiiaia " "
poinsettias carefully sheltered from the
.uk,..t iiraimht nrtri offered for sale
at X apiece. At the San Diego Exposi
tion he nnas tens 01 inuunauun
poinsettias growing in profusion about
ia ri ntoininir a. snlendor
Ilia giuuuua OUU -.- T7, .
never equaled by the hothouse plants
or coiaer ciunes. i m u
the many striking contrasts between
. i , Pnm whinh tm.velera come
UIO UVUUUJ .. .
to San Diego and the exposition which
they see on their arnvai.
Although the excursion rates on the
railroads do not go into effect until
March 1, thousands , already have
crossed and are crossing the continent
to the Pacinc uoast. wiin mo u.i3
the oDening of the San Francisco expo
sition a month in the future, many
travelers are coming West over me
Southern route, planning to visit the
L- Tfc Iait. arnAalHlin H Tat AYlA then tO
go north to attend the opening at the
city by the uoiaen uaw on
9A R.niri mnnived bv the railroad
passenger traffic departments, show a
westward movement far larger than
was expected; ana tne raairoaa iuuu
frank in saying that the European war
has aided the "See America First" dec
trine far more than they dared hope.
S ,K k trr.at.flt ftraLWlnaT Card
since the opening of the exposition was
the exposition read race over the Point
Loma course, which was won by Earl
Cooper. Before the race waa run, the
1. J.l.-nx. nhn W.rA r" Tl AT Pll de-
clared that the course was by far the
most spectacular in America, m .as
serted that car and driver would have
. . , i B,DV I. th nrlze
money. The 40.000 persons who attend
ed the race saw tnat wiiat me
had said was true. Men like Harry
a . K Tl 1 1 frry . n Tifl rrV Tt i f k P II -
ai aiiL, - i. " . . ,
bacher and Barney Oldfield drove like
demons only to lorce tneir cars out wj.
the race under tne terrinc Biram.
.v.. BamA riov with the race.
Vii I iin d.uiu J -. -
three California counties held celebra
tions at the exposition grounas. xruui
Los Angeles, came special trains bear-
i j i . t a ,A aftni1 Axnrcises In
the Southern California Counties build
ing. Kern and Tulare counties, in mo
central part of the state, sent hundreds
... t.bA n.rl in the dedication of their
building at the exposition. The build
ing, together witn tne omor cAn'"
structures, was completed nearly two
months ago; but tne ooaras si irn
.w ..i.n.l.o Atkf i(A to DostDone
the dedication in order that the visiting
rixietrsLions might see the exposition
after the opening.
To visitors one oi me uiubi iuiuh.v
displays Is a miniature oil well In
tirt in tho hnlldlnur occu-
UllUtll UH,1 ... . --c
pied by Kern and Tulare counties, Cali
fornia. Tne stanoaro pump auuuu
011 fields throughout California stands
78 feet high. The miniature pump is
12 feet high, and stringer for stringer
and bolt for DOit is an ewici rwni
the full-sized pump. The miniature,
which is operated by an electric motor,
pumps the crude oil from a reservoir
underground into a large vat. - The
mouth or tne pumy i wo
. .k. .Bf hut thn hAAW llauid
pours into the pool below without a
SDlESu
Among the recent exhibits received
..nar.nhiinirlnr aErricultural and
hnrfiniitiiral displays Is a . 100-foot
grape vine from Escondido, Cal. The
vine which bears branches having a
. . , i ntTir. nf tnnre than 1000
feet and measuring 10 feet long, has
been ' Installed in ine eoumvru
fornia Counties building on El Prado to
decorate the section occupied by the
Escondido Valley.
Selected by the Chilean government
to represent the South American re-
. . i .Via Int.mattnnAl armada
DUDilC " " " "
Hwhich will reach this port next March.
the battleship capitan rrai proaaoiy
will be waiting at the Pacinc entrance
of the Panama Canal to Join the inter
national fleet on its way to the "Po
sitions at San Diego and San Fran
, . .in? tn tha announcement
CISCO. fli-u''" . ...
made by the South American republic
the Capitan Prat, a vessel oi.piKiai
T000 tons, will be the official repre-
t k
3L.
III V
r M " 1 11
III & 4 -IT r-ai
mi fit : J isZit
sentatlve of Chile in the naval parade.
X.T -lr -A attaantinn 1 M belnA? Oald tO the
exhibit of the United States Forestry
Service, in charge oi uon uarios mm,
of the educational staff, which occu
pies a large space In the New Mexico
building. The demonstration work
shows In graphic form the work the
Government is doing to conserve the
great forests of the country and per-
suade tlmbermen to ne sclentlflo nth
ods In their cutting, so as to add t
the life of the foiesta Another Im
portant Government exhibit 4s the ooln
press In the Commerce and Indlstrle.
building, which demonstrated by the
manufacture of souvenir medals, the
method of turning out coins. It Is oper
ated by a foroe from the Bureau
Printing ana Engraving.
HOUSES EASILY MADE
DRAW BIRD NEIGHBORS
., , . -i . ' - ... n a.
Government Bulletin Tells Methods of Home Building; to Attract Foe
of Insect Pests Tomato Can Adaptable to Wrens.
AN ORDINARY tomato can witn a
circular piece of board fitted in
one end will make an excellent house
to attract bluebirds or wrens. The
board should have a hole in its upper
v.i ...... .n antranca and the
can may then be hung by wire, to the
limb of a tree or fastened to a
A new farmers bulletin entitled "Bird
cr.... a.n Ui ta Build Them." has
k i.c.awi thaa iTntted States De
partment of Agriculture, and In It are
outlined plans ror oiro nouses m
descriptions from the simple tomato
can house to a most elaborate martin
house with door, that open ana ciue.
Many bird, that are economically
.i.,.hi. ...... n,. n-w bulletin, may be
construction of bird houses. The im
portance of Diras as id.ni
being more appreciated every year, and
as a result there ha. been a decided
movement to protect and make neigh
bors of them. Many birds, if a safe
retreat 1. furnished, win more mu
pay their rent to their landlords.
The tomato can may be used In an
other manner to attract the desirable
wren or bluebird. One end may be
removed and the can may be superim
posed on a post oi me auiio
fastened securely by pressing It down.
A hole should be cut In tne sine to
permit the bird to enter.
. . n , v. nth- one
can nouse, as '
described, should always be put In a
shadea piece, m m "ilJ-
hot in the sun.
Decayed Branches ITaefnl.
Ordinary wooden boxes, if clean, can
be made Into simple bird houses br
merely nailing on a cover and cutting
. k.l. Sal,., mtt ItA.alh I f t
out an cij l KUL, uvi.. "
are rarely weatherproof and are never
pleasing to tne eye.
Branches containing woodpecker
holes, when obtainable, are perhaps the
best attraction that can be offered
most house birds In the breeding sea
son. By carefully fitting such a branch
to a fruit or shade tree Its foreign
origin will scarcely be noticed.
One house comparatively easy to con
struct is suitable for use In trees. It
is made from a log or a large branch,
hollowed by decay and fitted with a
top and bottom. The cover is to go on
after the log is fastened In place.
Either the top or bottom should be
removable. Another way of makinr
log house is to split a straight-grained
og two feet or more in length through
the middle and then to cut out a cavity
with a gouge. The excavations In the
two halves can be mads to match ex
actly by means of a patten or tem
plate having tne size ana ni'
l"r mf i lacunar. '
plane ef cleavage. The top of this
house snouia oe cwverea w.wi ....
ri-na to keep eut moisture. Ths halves
should be fastened together with
screws to allow the nouse to o. isa
apart and-cleaned.
A house especially for the M of
swallows may be set on a pole or tre.
stub. The house Is a simple, box-like
structure with a gable roof. The foun
dation, floor and posts are first put
In position and then the four sides,
which have been fastened together
with th. gal.le roof, are plaoed over
the floor and posts. A small circular
hole Juet under the gable permit the
bird to enter. This house can b
cleaned by simply lifting the box from
Its base.
A house that looks something like a
mall box and whloh may be fastened
lO m U.a, wi a . . -
suitable for sparrow hawks and screecn
owls. Blueoiras ana wrenn, n
seem particular about what habltatios
they occupy, may also use a similar
house.
Bird Pn Peewllar.
Another house that also resembles
a mall box but has a gable roof, where
the screech-owl dwelling has a flat
one. Is designed to be placed on top
of a post or stub of a tree rather than
fastened to It. side, fluch a house ha.
proved attractive to flickers. The roof
may be lifted off just as a stopper Is
removed from a bottle.
The fact that there Is a limit to the
possible bird population on any given
tract must be taken Inte consideration
In building houpes for them. When the
probable trnants have been decided
upon the selection of fifes Is In order,
for the site often decides the style of
house that Is to occupy It. Ulrds often
have have decided notions as to the
proper surroundings for a dwelling.
Martins prefr to breed near houses,
but not within SO feet of tree, or
bulldlnga Bluebirds are Included to
select orchard, or pastures having
scattered trees. Wrens, thrashers and
catbirds live In thick shrubbery. nob
Ins like trees with sturdy trunks and
brsnchea
In the final placing of bird houses
care should be taken to have them fsos
awar from the winds prevailing In
stormy weather. The strongly devel
oped homing Instincts of birds can be
relied on to attach them to the neigh
borhood where they first saw the light,
and the Identical pair, which ne.t la
the bouse, provided for them one year
will eften return the next season te
enJ6 ths list bounty and protectlsa.