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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Jan. 17, 1915)
THE STTNDAT OREGONTAN, PORTLAND. JAXTTART 17, 1915. ' 5 WARFARE ACAIN5T GLRM5 THAT RAVAGL ARMIES . clerioloqyPlaying AnJmpor lanl Rrl-In-Great -Zuropedn Conflict. s J . .. -' 5 F h Vi .Au3t Ml ifKftMl p ff - ' j - ,7cMar J& mfii . Jill "' "iUli V"- ' si o c cj2 dsn yaJvf'tt) the disease. In earlier day the malJr was widely and continually prevalent nearly everywhere, but now one rarely hears of It, for the reason that. In civ ilised countries, at all events, cleanli ness has become popular. It follows that, where soldiers are concerned, pre vention lies in requiring; them to keep themselves free of vermin. The present war Is from all points of view a highly scientific conflict, and for the first time In history sanitation ob tains recognition aa a very Important element of the military art. Sick men cannot fleht. The soldier who dies of disease is Just as great a lora ns the fighting man who Is killed In battle. Other things being equal, the army thnt has the fewest sick Is bound to win. Accordingly, for the suke of winnliiK, even more than for humane motives, the nations now battling In Kurope are making utmost efforts to preserve the health of their troops. All epidemic mulutlies are more de structive to soldiers n the field than to communities enjoying the blesalmf of peace, because effective sanitary mean ures are less easily enforced, and for the reason that the sufferers commonly in tTTnAT.nnf,A thai nmttereri f t th mil P"h TCAriflAR and A. wide Tnnolia raeAmhlliiv . nnmmQfl In frtrm- msinv nf i-in t- anliAi-a RMm tn hnvA VAnHv TIpnf trt Isnlntn th AlltYArArK. lack the advantage of nursing and Oth- BT BENE CACHE. like a seed for the purpose of repro- IN every war hitherto disease has duction. Introduced Into the blood killed more men than have been stream of a human being, the spores slain In battle. But it Is not going soon hatch, and in a short time the to be so in the great conflict now In vital fluid is filled with the deadly progress; for science, armed with new germs. The latter produce a poison of knowledge, has entered the field, and an intensely virulent character, which is prepared to fight the germs which quickly kills the symptoms closely re are so Justly dreaded as destroyers of sembllng those of strychnine poisoning. armleM. Usually the sufferer dies of auffoca- Take lockjaw, ?or example. This Hon. started in New York City In 1876, malady, so extremely fatal, has al- reached St. Louis in the Fall of that ready made Its appearance among the It altogether possible that the year, and "Wintered over" there a troops of the allies. But it will be fetching of the native troops from In- result being the troops leaving Jeffer- Qulckly checked, because the surgeons dia may cause mischief to the allies son Barracks in the following Spring h,va ntturlv filing what If Ia.T OUtWeigMn and they are provided with a ready value military auxiliaries. For In- extent of territory beyond. This dis- whence the name, "comma -bacillus.- been mainly due to flies, which, in the and this is a matter of obvious dlffi- " car0 whlcn ihey would enjoy at preventive. They know that the germs dl the home of Asiatic cholera, and tribution of the malady was attrlbut- Flies are frequent carriers of the dis- lKnorance of those days, were freely culty Indeed, almost out of the ques- home- But- thanks to the dlscovore . th diua ni-j oat-i-ian in ih intoa- they may have brought this frightful able to a few "mild cases," which were ease, conveying the germs from camp . . .. .. . , .v. of modern science, the loss of life from .... . ... Huuneu iu vuiiy lmo kbi iiib iruiu iud uun i n : I iruopa are oporaiiiiic 111 in . . ..... , . . . , tlnn. nf th. hn tnH ih Hl.trlhut. plague with them. As far back as not medically recognized. The men thus latrines to the mess tables. ... . .. ... .. ...... camp diseases ' during the present con- the Infection. S'c&Ssi fr flfl,je.. Joi'nt f"n Sire- vT2c3 cf It the germs find their way Into a wound, lockjaw is likely to follow. But oddly enough, as it might seem the horse itself Is made to furnish the cure. Through a filter is strained a allowed to carry the germs from the tion when troops are operating in the 1883 it was proved by the Koch Com- effected, who exhibited no symptoms The thorough acquaintance which """ " "i'" refers w. nlct w, be v.Btly less, relatively to mission that the Delta of the Ganges more serious than a slight diarrhea, science now possesses with the cause open-air kitchens. During the present dangerous, broncho-pneumonia being the number of fighting men engaged. Is the original source from which the were what is known today as "carriers" of Asiatic cholera and the manner of war, however, there will be compara- liable to supervene. than In any previous war. malady comes. It is permanently es- of the germs. its distribution will doubtless prove a tively little danger from this disease. Not even measles Is more contagious One of the most dreaded of these tablished in that region now, as for It is such "carriers" that are most great help in combating the disease in because the soldiers either have been than typhus fever, which, otherwise scourges In former days was smallpox, ages in the past, and at Intervals to be dreaded. One of them may infect case It appears among the troops. First or are being inoculated by regiments known as "camp fever," or "Jail fever," which is now practically eliminated by culture" of the microbes, which are 6Preads from thence to many parts of a whole regiment, through the me- among the requisite precautions is the with a "bacterin" made by breeding has been through all history a whole- vaccination. The dangers of epldemio thereby eliminated, the fluid thus purl- tne world, in 1892, which was a dium of the water supply. When, in guarding of water supplies against in- the bacilli in beef soup and Killing sale destroyer ot armies, in Kussia dysentery are greatly reauceo Dy pre- fied containing only the specific poi- "holera year," 260,000 ipeople died of the middle '0s, some troops from India fection; for the latter is conveyed only them with heat. The coup containing it is commonly called "famine fever," cautions which relate mainly to watar son which the bacilli produce. This " in Russia- were transported to Egypt by the Brit- by the mouth. Second, is the frequent the dead microbes is a sure preventive because epidemics of it In many in- supply and the disinfection of wastes, fluid la Injected In repeated doses into No wonder then that the Russians Ish government for service in the Su- inspection of soldiers, all who suffer when administered by hypodermic in- stances have followed or accompanied As the very newest contribution to dls- the veins of a horse. Then, after a ar6 fearful lest their troops contract dan, they brought cholera with them in from even the mildest diarrhea being Jectlon. times of starving, when the crops failed, ease-prevention In behalf of armies. It while, a quantity of the animal's blood the cholera In Gallcia, where, accordm- this way, and a serious outbreak fol- set apart for bacteriologic test. Rigid Ajiother, very serious "camp disease" But people who suffer from lack of is announced that the long-sought germ is drawn off into a glass vessel, and lng to newspaper accounts, It is already lowed. Thus It will be seen that the isolation of actual cases must be en- is measles. In most, of the wars of his. food are usually the very poor, and responsible for gangrene of wounds the watery part of it (the red portion working havoc among the Austrians. It danger now threatening from the same forced, and an Incidental measure of tory it has made appalling havoc among such folk are ordinarily not over clean the destroyer of myriads of lives in tho being allowed to settle to the bottom) is one of the most infectious of known source in Europe is by no means imagi- utmost Importance is the careful dis- soldiers. During our own Civil Conflict in their habits. Poverty and lack of military hospitals of wars of the past is ' the "antitoxin." The French and diseases, and. once started as an epi- nary. infection of all human wastes. it took thousands of lives in bothtthe sanitation go together. has been discovered. British soldiers are now being lnocu- demic among the soldiers of the Czar, - The mortality from cholera in an Union and Confederate armies. The Here, Indeed, is where the secret of This last is a matter of very great lated with this preventive serum on it might prove a far more dangerous epidemic is enormous, an attack being With typhoid fever we had our own "Medical History of the War of the Re- the mischief lies; for, as medical scl- importance. But the mortality from a wholesale scale. enemy than the Germans. Whole usually followed by death within 48 distressing experience in 1898, when bellion," published in 1865, prints an ence has learned only within the last gangrene nowadays Is comparatively The bacillus of lockjaw (or tetanus) armies might be literally wiped out by hours. Cats are subject to it, by the that malady proved a much more de- account of one epidemic in which there half-dozen years, the responsibility for small, because tho antiseptic treattnenC has the shape of a pin the head con- it in a few weeks. way. The germ is of a spiral shape; structlve enemy than the Spaniards, were 38,000 cases, with 1900 deaths, typhus rests upon a familiar insect, the of wounds, if promptly bestowed, Is so talnlng a spore, which is thrown off An epidemic of Asiatic cholera which but the spirals break' up into short The epidemics of it which killed so There Is, unfortunately, no known pre- body louse, which is the sole carrier of effectual preventive. . KkjN mlHAN lb NUR3Njra UNDP INC ' UNt tU? UeiiLIudDdKcI Shenassietblis Station m:tie Battle Zone.. TO set tip a field hospital behind the German-allies' battle line that the wounded may have prompt atten tion, a Washington woman has gone to the forefront of the war. Dr. Sophie A. Nordhof f-Jung has sac rificed a large practice here, built up during 20 years, with patients from the White House, from practically all the embassies and legations. She has aban doned her carefully equipped operating rooms and elegantly furnished home at 1229 Connecticut avenue, and since the day war was declared has been do ing most efficient work for the Red Crosa in Germany. Her husband. Dr. Franz Jung, is co operating with her. Both are surgeon specialists. Dr. Jung has been deco rated with the German Red Eagle for science and with the Russian order for science. Her purpose of establishing a battle ground hospital, which she has reported to the American Red Cross headquar ters here, at Seventeenth and H streets northwest, is impelled by tender recol lections as well as by sympathy for the suffering whose wounds would be aggravated by being carried long dis tances for treatment. 6he goes to ameliorate the sufferings of those defending the very place in which she lived, played and studied as a little girl. The most tender recol lections of her childhood gather around Tout. As a child of S years she was taken there with her sister, aged 8, by a community of nuns in Germany. After the religious war. the Kulturkampf, in which the Iron Chancellor. Count Bis marck, was a leading figure, these nuns were expelled from Germany, and took about 200 of their little charges with them to other houses of their order In France. Dr. Nordhoff-Jung and her husband were In Munich when war was declared. Within a week she had more than 100 American women resident in Munich and members of the German aristocracy enrolled In a training school for nurses, which she ektablished in rooms con nected with the American Episcopal Church. Those whom she thus taught have proved Invaluable in the care of the war victims. Dr. Nordhoff-Jung has for years been a personal friend of Miss Mabel T. Boardman, executive chairman of the American Red Cross European war ro llef work, and of her mother, Mrs. William J. Boardman. Acting in co operation with the American Red Cross and at the solicitation of the committee of American residents in Munich, she established a hospital at 9 Prins Ludwig strasser, leasing the building and fitting it up so that as the wounded were brought in from the front this hospital was the best pre pared throughout the entire war field to care for the most seriously wounded. Among the Americans on the com mittee were Frances B. Willard. of New Tork; J. H. Griswold, of Illinois; Ma rion Llndsey, of Missouri; S. M. Fenn, of New York; Jacques Mayer, of New York: Mrs. Charles Cahier, of Indiana; C. F. Thayer, of Massachusetts; John B. Bauer, of West Virginia: Julie A. Lentllhon. of Pennsylvania; Maud Fay, of California: Frank B. Herman, of New York, and Lawrence D. Benton, of California. She has received valuable assistance and encouragement in her work from T. St. John Gaffney, the American Consul-General in Munich; -from Mrs. Gaff ney and from Dr. Colt, formerly of Groton Academy in Massachusetts, who has recently been in charge of a boys' school in Munich. Many American women have married officers of high military rank in the German army and, living In Munich, have enthusiastically assisted Dr. Nordhoff-Jung In her work. One of these is the Baroness Ton Hammerstein, anoth er the Baroness Ton Rupprecht, whose home formerly was in Worcester, Mass. Mrs. William Thaw, a sister-in-law of Harry K. Thaw, has been one of her most eager helpers. Miss Maud Fay, t. ance, as well as Fraulein Hanfstangl, of the Red Cross In Munich, have been invaluable in the co-operation and as- sister of the famous art publisher. The head nurse at this hospital is a sistance they have given, raduate of the Johns Hopkins Train- San Francisco girL ing School and was formerly superin- In notifying the Red whn i nrinu donna, of the onera In tendent of an American hospital. Vr. quarters of her Intention Munich, is another. Miss Loween Pat- Biasell, who succeeded Dr. Colt in rront, ana soliciting support ior me we are a orancu, bub Bjra. im tee. In charge of the glrla school In charge of the Boys'' School, and Dr. great labor of mercy, Dr. Nordhoff-Jung itary hospital furnishes us our patients Munich, also has been of great assist- Kuehnrich. of Los Angeles, secretary reported that French, English and Gar- and keeps in very close touch, with us. man seriously wounded are crowding private houses afa well as hospitals. "Our hospital, which goes by the of ficial name of 'Vereins Lazaret t von Amerikanischen Roten Kreuz,' is placed under the garrison lazarett, of which Two petty officers have been furnished us, one to take care of the military pa pers, the uniforms and weapons, while the other acts as doorkeeper and has strict orders to let in no idle or curious people, who proved very troublesome in the beginning of our work here. "These two petty officers receive no salaries from us, only their meals. We carry on our pay roll two persons; first, the young resident physician, whose salary is 100 marks a month, and the Johns Hopkins nurse, who gets 60 marks monthly. There are other nurses living in the house, but we pay only their board. "We have 65 beds and pay to the pension which is running all the house keeping department the agreed sum of 4.30 marks per head for each soldier. We furnish all the extras, such as hos pital suits, nightshirts, underwear, socks, slippers, handkerchiefs, hospital linen, bandages, cotton, canes, crutches, tonics and medicines. The average cost of a patient per day amounts to a few pennies less than 6 marks something like 5.97 marks, or less than $1.50. "The initial expenditure of changing a private house Into a lazarett amount ed to several thousand marks. Aside from the first handsome contribution made by the transient American col ony in August, we have received no further subscriptions from Americans tn Germany. Most of them are hard up .and have to economize. "Thanks to the generous help from headquarters, we are free from care for the next five or six months. God grant that this frightful war may be over by that time.' "We have sent very many appeals to all parts of the United States. We expect to receive a great deal of money in answer to these appeals. When we get sufficient funds I am ready to start for the front near Metx and open a large American Red Cross hospital for seriously sick and wounded who cannot be transported as far as Munich. I have friends at work in Mots preparing; the way. A. professor of surgery from here and his staff hare volunteered their service. "Oh, the misery and the stirferlnir one sees and hears of on all sides! When will it all end?" Among the patients cared for In Dr. Nordhoff-Jung's hospital has been the former Bursche of Count Courton, who was an officer In the bodyguard of the King of Bavaria. He was shot through the leg, the arm and chest. He has been decorated with the Iron Cross. Her work of succor in Munich has brought a very pleasant reunion to Dr. Nordhoff-Jung. In the early days of her career as a doctor when she was at the Lylng-ln Hospital In Munich one of her most intimate friends was Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavsrla. They have again become associated Hi the work of mercy since the war has been in progress. The Prince is now a noted surgeon, and very popular not only among his own people, but Is also a prime favorite as well with the American residents. He marrlod a Spanish Princess, and is a finished mu sician, playing the first violin in the orchestra. Dr. Nordhoff-Jung was born in north ern Germany. While very young she was taken by the expelled nuns, with her sister, to Toul, in France, and they later attended a large convent academy in Paris. Her sister afterward married Thomas J. Gargan, a prominent attor ney of Boston, who was for many years a member of the original transit com mission, took an active part In the de velopment of the Charles River basin and a leader in all civic enterprises. After having passed the German state examination for teachers. Miss Sophie A. Nordhoff came to America and taught languages tn the George town Visitation Academy for four years. She studied medicine st the Columbia University, now the George Washington University, and then took a post-graduate course at Johns Hop kins. She specialized In bacteriology in Paris, under the famous Loul Pas teur, under Metchnlkoff and Le Rout. (Concluded sa !' .)