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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (Nov. 29, 1914)
TIIE SUNDAY OREGO.MAX, PORTLAND, NOVE3IBER 29, 1914. 1LLI0I1S CLASH 111 FOREST AND SWAMP Titanic Struggle of Czar's Hordes Against Foe Is in Forbidding Country. GEOGRAPHY IS DESCRIBED I'nlvrr.Mty of Wisconsin. Professor Tells of Progress of Armies Preparing for Greatest Battle of All Times. BY PKOF. LAWRENCE MARTIN. (University of sctinsln.) 1 Within the territory described In this article by Professor Martin, an authority on the subject, great battles have been waged, Ecime of which have been reported to the siews bureaus, others of which probably have not been heard of owing to the strictness and efficiency of the censorship. Somewhere within the bounds of this territory the war experts believe must be fought the battle that may settle the war. More men probably will be enpaged in this battle than ever be ore met In conflict since the world began, that will dwarf Waterloo or any of the other famous fields of history In Interest to Xhe future generations.) The Russian campaign against Ger many and Austria has been carried on ta a great plain between mountains ' tid the sea. The situation is similar i to that In the war in Western Europe. In the eastern campaign the gen- eral direction of the west bowing line ' Js more nearly north and south. The 'Carpathian Mountains are about 350 miles from the Baltic Sea, and the line lof campaign stretches across the plain In the states (a) Austrian Galicia, b) Russian Poland and (c) German East Prussia, which are about as large as the states of South Carolina, New York and Maryland, plus Delaware, re ; epectively. The line of battle is longer than from ' Chicago to Cairo, in Southern Illinois. The Russians will have to advance through German territory as far as from Chicago to Indianapolis if they go from "Western Poland to Berlin. They iave advanced In East Prussia a dis tance equal to that from Chicago to La Salle, losing this distance and being driven back an equal distance in Rus , si a, and the.n readvancing as far as ' Irom Chicago to Kankakee. The Germans have pushed Into Poland t to Warsaw, or as far as from Chicago to Peoria, and have been driven back (C large part of this distance. Geography Is Told. ' MoBt of the plain between the Car pathians and the Baltic Is less than 700-1000 feet above sea level. East Prussia contains a great ridge, and is drained by the Nlemon or Russ or Memel River and the smaller Pregel and Passarge rivers, which flow north to the Baltic The master stream In the plain of Poland is the Vistula or Welchsel. whose three chief tributaries are (a) the Narev from the nortn, (b) the Bug from the east and southeast, and (c) the San from the south. In Western Poland Is the small River Warthe or Wartai a tributary of the Oder. The Bug and San rise In Galicia, but most of the province drains southeastward to the Black Sea by the Dniester. The Carpathian foreland in Galicia is sim ilar to the Swiss plateau north of the -Alps. Part of It Xs called the Fodolian plateau. The plain between the Carpathians and the Baltic contains much forest nnd many large swamps. The rivers have severe Spring floods. North of the Podolian Plateau and east of the Iug River is the basin of the Pripet, a tributary of the Dnieper River. In its headwater region, just east of Po land, is the Plnsk marsh, an area of morasses, forests and swamps, now Tartly drained. Summers Hot, Winters Cold. It is 250 miles wide and covers about 35.000 square miles, being nearly as large as the State of Indiana. Because of remoteness from the ocean, the East Prussian ridge, Polish Plain and Car pathian foreland have hot Summers and cold Winters, a climate less- favorable for a Winter campaign than that of Belgium, Prance and Western Germany. The harbors of Riga and Memel, north of Konigsberg, are closed bjr Winter ire for over four months, that of Dan rig for less than three, that at Greifs waid, north of Berlin and west of Stettin, not quite two, while the port of Lubeck, east of Kiel, Is frozen only a little over a month, and Hamburg never has Ice. This shows how the severity of the Winter increases from west to east. The International boundary traverses a plain and seems to be determined by no natural geographical features. Con senuently it was easy, while Germar.y was engaged in her unsuccessful light ning campaign against PariH, for the Russians to invade East Prussia where they chose, as soon as Germany de clared war on Russia, the first day of August. Northeastern Prussia is a lowland -with many swamps, but southward near the Russian frontier is the Baltic ridge, an enormous terminal moraine of the Scandinavian ice sheet with rough topography, hills reaching an altitude of 600 to 1000 feet, and great numbers of lakes. The lake district is called Masuria. TopegraBhie Effects Kot Plain. The exact extent to which these topographic features have figured in de termining routes and affecting battles in the campaign In East Prussia In not apparent from the meager newspaper dispatches thus far available. The Rub sians' invasion followed three lines. crossing the Prussian frontier on August 16 (a) at Eydtkuhnen east of K.onigsberg, lb) near L;-ck, 50 miles to the south, and (c) at Neldenburg, 80 miles farther to the southwest. Northern Germany, east of the Vis tula, projects some 160 miles farther into Russia than do the southeastern states of Posen and Silesia, so that this Prussian campaign was evidently aimed at Konighberg and Danzig rather than at Berlin, which is only 180 miles from the Polish frontier south of Thorn and east of Posen, or about as far as from New York to Baltimore. By August 2S the Russians had ad vanced 50 to 70 miles into Prussia. Being reinforced by troops from the French campaign, the Germans drove the Russians back out of Prussia by the middles of September and 60 miles into Russia to Grodno, on the River Memcn, along which a week-long bat tle was fought about the last of Sep tember. The only geographical feature which seems to have counted in this part of the campaign is the River N le mon, whose shallow valley was not a strong natural line of defense, and vet along which the Russians Recked the toward Vilna and paign has been fought out in Galicia and Southeastern Poland. The Pndolian plateau, which Is partly in Galicia rnd partly in Russia, has a 600-foot escarp ment on the Russian side near the Bug and Dnieper rivers, but the frontier has no topographic aid to defense. Less than a quarter of Gp.licla 1.-, for ested. The Carpathian foreland has a height of 800 to 1500 feet, so that the tributaries of the Dnieper and the San have cut valleys of 200 to 500 feet in depth, and these seem to have guided the lines of invasion to some extent. AnNlrlanK Driven Back. Early In August the Austrians had Invaded Southeas'tern Poland, and on August 21 they had two army corps north of Kielce. over 40 miles inside the Russian border, while seven -corps had crossed the River San and were head ing toward Lublin. - However, the Russians soon had 1,500,000 troops , to face the Austrian 1.000,000. They met on a titanic line of battle 150 to 200 miles in length. The Russians drove the Austrians west ward 60 or 70 miles over the Galician and Polish battlefields of Grodek, Ra waruska, Tomaszow, Lublin and Ivan gorod to the line of the Rivers San and Vistula, always apparently with the river valleys as temporarily effective factors. The valley of the San is 350 to 1000 feet In depth in some places. The swamps of the Galician and Polish plains seem to have aided the Russians in the decimation of the Austrian army corps. Halicz and Mlkolalow. southeast of Lemberg, were captured by the Rus sians by the middle of September, and Jarosian and Chirow. near Przemysl. before the end of the month. Although the great topographic barrier of the Carpathian Mountain rampart has pro tected Hungary from invasion, the passes have been entered by victorious Russians, who penetrated as far as Uzsok the latter part of September. Russia to Control Galicia. Parties of Cossacks went 40 mile3 Into Hungary to Unevar, south of the Carpathians. The hesitation along the San In October seems to mark only the reinforcement of the Austrian line by the Germans rather than any perma nent turn in the tide. On October 29 the Russians were advancing west of the Ban. and when Przemysl falls they will doubtless control all Galicia from Lemberg to Cracow. Between Galicia and East Prussia lies Poland, a low, rolling plain of flat lying rocks, almost completely covered by glacial deposits, much as In Wis consin, Michigan and 111 i no i a. It stands 250 to 700 feet above sea level. Lvsa Gora, a small upland area near Kielce, reaching 2000 feet. About one-fifth of Poland is forest. The undefended city of Lodx. 60 miles north of Cracow, was occupied by a German force early in September. The Germans Invaded Poland in large numbers the last week in September, but Were defeated at Kalisz on the frontier. Germans Enter Poland. - Considerably later the Germans en tered Poland In force between Thorn, Kalisz and Cracow, rapidly penetrat ing 125 miles to the east of their fron tier, and driving the Russians back to Blonie and Senkocm. The Germans seem to have held all Poland west of the Vistula at one time, but never to have been able to cross the uhallow valley of the Vistula. From this position the Russians forced the Germans back, first outflanking them with cavalry from the fortress of Nova Georgievsk, northwest of Warsaw. where the Bug enters the Vistula, so that the first week In November saw tnem driven more than. 60 miles to the southwest, past Lowicz, Skiernlewice, and Rawa to Lodz, Piotrkov, and Kielce, and with difficult marshy coun try through which to retreat. During November the reports from Fetrograd indicated a continuous ad vance of the Russians at times at great speed until the 16th. Against the Austrians in the south. the Czar's army by November 18 had pushed Its way to Cracow. GOOD WEATHER AIDS TROOPS IN GALICIA Spirit of Austro-Hungarian Forces Reported From Front to Be Excellent. ' WAR LOSES ITS NOVELTY Building Progresses in Cities and Peasants of Botli Sexes Work In' Field Railway Used Only in Part by Military. AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN HEADQUAR TERS, Press Department. Galician Front, Nov. 6. Correspondence of the Associated Press.) The Galician front is long and Galicia is not by any-means a small country. For this reason date lines from the theaters of the Euro pean war are vague geographically, and the best that may be said of the present case is that ,the headquarters In question are not far from the front and somewhere in Galicia. The spirit of the , Austro-Hungarian forces Is excellent. Officers and men who come to this point speak of the sit uation as highly satisfactory. Better weather has set in in Galicia. The rivers are low, the fields compar atively dry and the roafls are again passable, made so largely by the army engineers. During the first stages of the war the army wheel transporta tion cut deep into the surface of the roads and the many hoofs converted them into quagmires. Better Weather Boon to Troops. The better weather has been a boon for the troops and their animals. It is said to be easier to guard against the discomforts of cold than against those brought on by wet weather. , Fall rains in Galicia and Poland are attended by a low temperature, so low in fact that the higher elevations of the Carpathian Mountains are covered with snow, though none of them ex ceeds 7000 feet in altitude, and most of them are much lower. The-war has lasted long enough to have lost the quality of novelty. Every where one sees signs of confidence. In the larger and smaller cities building operations are going on: husky peas ants, men and women alike, plow the fields or harvest the crops, and the active railroad traffic is only In part of a military character. ' Red Cross. Reminds of War." Almost the only reminder of war is an occasional Red Cross train, going to or returning from the front. There Is, however, a rather lively military passenger traffic in regular trains, and one notices that all bridges, tunnels and stations are guarded by soldiers. This Is the case throughout the parts of Austria and Hungary which are traversed on the way to the Galician front. In Upper Hungary one sees large droves of cattle intended for food for the men in the trenches. Now and then, too, one meets a group of stolid and massively built Hungarian peas ants in charge of a man in uniform recruits of an army which may be said to be still in the process of mobiliza tion. "Order"' Called In Many Tongue. Dragoons in red trousers and blue tunics were in the act of serving soup to those seated at three long tables in the main hall of the casOio of a small Galician town. There was a general hubbub of conversation and a smell of roasting mutton under the low-beamed ceiling, mingling with the odor of cigarette smoke and coffee. From the head of the center table came sharp raps of a fork against a glass and simultaneously an officer rose. The equivalent of the word "or der" was shouted In several of the 10 languages spoken In Austro-Hungary and silence ensued. "Gentlemen," said the officer, as he pulled a typewritten sheet out of his breast pocket, "there is no news today, but I win read you the various official communications. Before doing that 1 will say that there may be some news this afternoon and that the party of photographers and artists now at the front Is expected back today, should have been here yesterday, in fact. As soon as this party is back with us, you gentlemen will go to the front. The official communication from Berlin says " Press Establishment Large, With the military situation In Gali cia, Poland,' Belgium, France, various parts of Turkey and other spots on the map sufficiently cleared, the dragoons filled the last of the tin plates with soup and the midday meal of the press quarters of the Austro-Hungarian army In Galicia was in full progress. That night there was a similar meal and next morning a breakfast of toffee and rolls was served. In the course of the day, the correspondents were taken to the nearby military headquarters and a full 24 hours of life in one of the modern, well-regulated and carefully supervised press quarters at the front had passed. The press department of the Austro Hungarian army in Galicia is a large establishment. It exists for the pur pose or taxing care of about 35 Austro Hungarian newspaper men, working in about 10 languages; several Ger mans, four American correspondents among them a woman one Dane, one Italian, a Swiss and a Turk, who is about to make his appearance. About a dozen officers and three score men are in charge of the Institution. Staff la Well Prepared. "There are several telegraphers and two field post officials the depart ment. In fact. Is no small matter. To It belong about 20 vehicles for the transportation, "of the correspondents, and others, and a like number of army transport wagons. Automobiles are scarce at present, because the hard going over the Galician roads during the recent rainy weather has made their retirement to the repair shop Im perative. Last, but not least, there Is the medical staff of the press depart ment, consisting of a physician and several trained attendants. Long before the pressmen arrive at a new station the houses of the better class (and that really means little in Galicia) are devoted among them by the quartermaster and his associates, who merely notify the landlord of the coming of his guests, and then chalk the following legend .upon the main door of the house: "One officer, war press department." or two, as the case may be. The same Is written on the door of the room which the correspondent is to occupy. , Hosts Seem Well-to-Do. The principal buildings of the town where the press quarters are now lo cated are the church and the school. The Associated Press correspondent has been quartered on people who seem well-to-do. . - The house Is 'somewhat Mexican In appearance, one story, and has a patio populated by a cow and chickens. There has been no cholera In the little town, but as a precaution the Austro-Hungarian military authorities 8lk (drugs! h n V i is hi in m 0 A R D C L A R K E C 0 A MAN WHO KNOWS SAID NOT LONG AGO "I never knew a boy or girl go far -wronr if they had a Kodak and en joyed photography ' ' which was just one way of saying that any love of nature and art for their sake is a balance wheel making for good thoughts. We've sold Cameras and Kodaks for near 50 years. "We "know pho tography " with all its many angles. No parent can make a mistake in giving the child an "Ansco" this Christ mas. It's the best and simplest picture-making instrument made a triumph of human skill. ' What's more, with every sale we give free a six weeks' course of lectures, covering every phase of practical photography, beginning January 7. Come into our Photo Department and let us show you how well equipped we are truly the largest and most complete-stock on this Coast. WOOD ARD, CLARKE & CO. . Wood-Lark Building, Alder at West Park A postcard with your name and address will bring you a fine catalogue or a call from our trade missionary lfjDRUOSj U have seen fit to have plenty of slacked Though there is only one vacancy In The Washington County Teachers Asr lime applied It is thought that with the ground frozen the disease will disappear. Mean while everybody is cautioned against the drinking, of unboiled water. MILL PROPOSAL IS MADE Owner of Ranch Xcar Medford Would Erect Plant on It. MEDFORD. Or., Nov. 28.- (Special.) Edgar Hafer, who Tecently purchased the Renshaw ranch on Bear Creek, south of Medford, has made a proposal to the people of Medford for the erec tion of a sawmill and box factory, to be located upon his property, one-third of the capital of 150,000 to be fur nished by Mr" Hafer.v one-third to be subscribed by the citizens of the val ley and the remaining one-third to be treasury stock for future enlargements. The Pacific & Eastern will extend to the proposed mill and the Southern Pa cific Is already there. The capacity of the plant would be 50.000 feet a day. The annual payroll would amount to $80,000 and the amount now sent abroad for lumber and fruit boxes, averaging "(200,000 a year, would be kept at home. ONE JOB SOUGHT BY 29 Record Jfurnber Take Examination at Albany for Rural Mailcarrier. ALBANY. Or., Nov. 28 (Special.) MAP SHOWING SCENE OP WAE OPERATIONS UX THE EAST. advance German Riga. Russians Again Advance. Subsequently the Russians have re advanced to or past the Prussian fron tier. The absence of attack upon Konigs berg, Memel, and Danzig, by the Rus sian navy, seems to be due partly to tfee geographical feature of shallow water in the haffs (lagoons) behind the nehrungs (sandbars with dunes) on the Baltic coast, and to the mines in the entrances to these three harbors. The second part of the Eastern cam- Karlshrond , ' oraaamu J r,toi ivBornholm . C f-TT irSti-i0 JKlLBi . y ft V ischr J W Cold Mo WyjT V oaUtfa N --Ciffihat 1 yS y 000 oct 17. SCT r(l5iffiSV y SSo PRE LN r , . . . ' -.'. Chicago Tribune (Adapted.) the baUle,SlineaP In" thl" norrh and Russian-Austrian battle line at different dates. It will be noticed that on the two earliest dates SnVtta Nation of hthrt"oopsndactivetaIngrgtednne TrPS been 8taUoned in th Intervening space, but the map is intended to show Kalst'r wa? maklnr'Jn'lZ? bfo',owIed on map- "Je tX art ot th w the Russians advanced into East Prussia while the dary llnl La nenetrate VoTind 1 rZ Z ZF1 J1 J1 Frf nce ,the Germans and Austrians, on the other han5. had managed to cross the boun fully.. Penetrate Poland a considerable distance before the slower-moving Russians were able to gather sufficient force to oppose them mccen-. wayGallcl defeated 1 Vho Iake rC?ion of EaBt Prussia, the Russians then were forced to retire in the north, but meanwhile were making head- northoToTeact8thatncUy?UKht P troop8 from the """them line of battle to make an attack on Warsaw, and the Russians hurried their men from the Successful before that ancient city, the Russians then advanced all along the line. ' vance in "the cen' hetwl-n' NSh a" th ?J the R8sian and a 6ma11 advance on their right and left wings. The rapidity of the Russian ad- be"?s of ' cavalry ?i that locaHty. equally rapid retreat within the next nine days is due to the fact that they used great num- clrciVroVe" 28 t0 tha rnt " Seated y the. heavy black line, the line composed of diamonds. Linn County at the present time, 29 ap plicants are taking the civil service ex amination here today for positions as rural free delivery carriers in this county. This is by rar the largest num ber which has ever taken the examina tion here. The tests are being conducted by the civil service board of the Albany post office, which consists of Walter H. Worrell, Robert N. Torbet and L. L. Bllyeu. sociation will meet at Orcnco Saturday. Professor R. L. Wann. of Orenco, is president. A full attendance of the teachers from all parts of the county is expected. A dinner will be served in" the banquet-rooms -of the church, after which the visitors are invited to visit and examine the plant and packing houses of the Oregon Nursery Com pany. The programme will commence at 9 A. M. and continue until late in the afternoon. Washington Teachers to Meet. - ORENCO. Or., Nov". 28. (Special.) To obviate the glare of the usual typ of headlights a French automobile in equipped with a numher ot Incandescent limp, bucked bv individual reflectors and carried, on a h oriznn t ! bar over the radiator. CHILDREN at -the school age, eager to romp and play, eat at odd hours and bolt their food. It is Inevitable that consti pation or Indigestion will follow, and then it is important that you have a remedy at hand that will regulate the bowels and carry off the congested waste. In the opinion of thousands of families the best laxative for children is Dr. Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin, be cause it acts easily and quickly and is free from opiates or narcotic drugs of any descrip tion. It is mild, pleasant-tasting and non griping, and is especially Intended for wo men, children and old folks, for these 6hould not use strong pills, powders, salt waters or such cathartics. Two generations of mothers have kept themselves and children healthy and happy with Dr. Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin, which can be purchased in any drug store for fifty cents and one dollar a bottle. ' It is a great family remedy for constipation, dyspepsia, biliousness, belching, gas. -headaches, etc. By keeping the bowels open it helps to prevent colds, piles, fevers and such ills. Mrs. W. A. Stevens, ot 2 77 W. Cottage PI., York, Va., has been a constant user of it her self and gives it to her little grandson. Since doing that she Bays she has not needed a doc tor lor him. Mr. John F. Morton, of 1008 First ave.. W.. Cedar Rapids, la.. Is a family man who is never without Syrup Pepsin in his medicine cabinet and who believes every fam ily should have it at hand for Btomach and bowel emergencies. Coupon for FREE SAMPLE Dr. Caldwell Is glad to send any one who has never tried his remedy a free sample bottle for personal investigation. Simply clip this coupon and inclose In an envel ope with your name and address, or write your name and address plain ly on a post card and mail it to Dr. W. B. Caldwell. 67 Washington St.. Monticello. I1L TKeDoCTORc Ztenrs JfaAcj The questions answered below are general in character, the symptoms or diseases are given and the answers will apply in any case of similar nature. Those wishing further advice, frpe. may address Dr. Lewis Baker. College Bids-,-t'olIege-Ellwood Sts.. Dayton, 6., enclosing self-addressed, stamped en velope for reply, l-'ull name sikI ad dress must be given, but onlv initials or fictitious name will be used in inv answers. The prescriptions can be filled at any well-stocked drug store. Aav druggist can order of wholesaler. Mjss Adele writes: "My hair is comb ing out, my scalp itches and dandruff is very annoying, and I want something iu tuio laesQ cunaiuons. Answer: For hair and scalp troubles I have never found anything to equal the beneficial results of a thorough treatment of plain yellow minyol. It is cooling, cleansing and Invigorating, and thousands now use it regularly as a hair and scalp tonic. Henry J. writes: Something seems to be wrong with my system and i aon i Know wnat it is. X nave huge puffs under my eyes, my eyes are bloodshot in morning and my feet and ankles are swollen. Sometimes I have chills and feel weab and tired most of the time." Answer: Tour eliminating organs, such as liver and kidneys, are in need of treatment. Begin taking balmwort tablets at once. Qet them in sealed tubes with full directions of any well stocked druggist. C. M. C. asks: "Please relieve me of a coated tongue, foul breath, headache, constipation and general ill health." Answer: If habitually constipated, you should take three-grain sulpherb tablets (not sulphur) and arouse the organs which eliminate waste material from your body. These tablets purify the blood and improve the health by acting on the liver, kidnevs and bow els. Obtain in sealed tubes with fuU directions. John C. L. writes: "I find my nat ural strength and nervous system fail ing me. I do not recuperate as of yore. My food and rest seem not to benefit as they should. Am weak, despondent and unable to perform the duties which were assumed earlier in life, while my ambition for work and pleasure Is slowly going." Aniwer: I think a powerful, harm less tonic and nervine medicine will ..juvaoate and restore (he functions; of disge8tior. assimilation and elimina tion by invigoratlnjr the nervous sys tem. Obtain three-grain cadomene tab lets, packed in sealed tubes, and take as per directions accompanying. Miss Bertie L. asks: "What remedv can you recommend to reduce obesitv safely? I want to reduce about thirty pounds." Answer: I rely on five-grain arbolon. tablets as being the most effective and convenient treatment to reduce abnor mal fat. Druggists supply this in sealed tubes, with complete directions. After the first few days a pound a day is not too much reduction. m Mrs. M. D. D. asks: "Do you think it is possible for me to increase my weight from 97 pounds to about 1-i pounds?" Answer: Yes, I believe that the reg ular use of a special tonic tablet will do this for you as it has for thousands of others. Ask your druggist for three grain hypo-miclane tablets in sealed package, with full directions. Take them for several months to get the full benefit. "Ray" writes: "Can a sufferer from bronchial trouble be relieved? Doctors do ' not seem to help me: what would you suggest?" Answer: To cure chronic cold, sore throat and bronchitis, I would advise the use of concentrated essence men-tho-laxene. Purchase this at any drug store in 23-oz. packages and mix ac cording to directions given on bottle and you will very shortly be relieved of all bronchial trouble. This will not only relieve, but will correct, and is very pleasant to take. - t "Sister" asks: "I have a younger sister who is affected with what is termed green sickness, also catarrh very bad. She is losing strength and her health is quite poor. What do you advise?" Answer: Such cases should adopt both tonic and local treatment. For a tonic and flesh builder have her take three-grain hypo-nuclane tablets, lor local treatment get either a two or eight-ounce package of antiseptic vilane powder and follow carefully the directions for catarrh of the head and pelvic catarrh. Great relief and recov ery should soon be manifested If this splendid treatment Is followed. Adv.