THE STJNBAT OTIEGOXTAX, POKTLAND, XOTEMBER 8, 1914.
1?
BARB WIRE TANGLE
IS FEAR OF
ARMY
Thorny Strands Halt Progress
More Effectively Than
Bullet or Bayonet.
INVENTION IS AMERICAN
More CumTjersome Devices Displaced
and Xippers Must Be Used to
Clear "Way for Passage Criss
cross Plan ' Most in Use.
through, for every wire must bo cut
at every post. Wire by tons and posts
by thousands are carried with the ar
mies, for be It invasion or defense no
General knows when he will have the
enemy behind him. In placing en
tanglements deep grass, tall . grain
fields, and thickets are selected where
osslble, for the effectiveness of the
wire is Yar greater if the attacking
force hurls itself upon the obstruction
unawares.
Wire entanglements have about dis
placed band gabions and crow's feet,
but both are still used where there Is
not time to put in an entanglement.
Band gabions are round Iron rings con
nected with, each other with wire and
fastened to stakes. Only a few stakes
are required, and the rings can be
hitched up much more rapidly than wiro
can De strung. Gabions do little barm
in themselves, but thev are almost in
visible and trip men and horses In
a charge till an attacking army is piled
pell-mell upon itself in a crushing
cramble. while the enemy pours in its
fire.
A crow's foot consists of four pointed
bolts of Bteel. each four IncheB long, so
Joined at the center that, no matter
how it falls or rolls, one point is always
up. They are sown thickly upon ground
that cavalry or artillery must pass over,
and are very effective for crippling
horses. They have also been known to
delay Infantry long enough to spoil a
charge.
' "When Joseph F. Glldden. a farmer,
of De Kalb, 111., back in 1872 got the
Idea of making wire fences with barbs
on them, he bad no more harmful de
sign than to teach horses, cattle and
hogs, by the pricks they might re
ceive, that wires fences were meant to
keep them in or out.
When Uncle Sam. on December 24.
1874, gave Farmer Glldden the Christ
mas gift of a patent on his new device,
his idea was heralded to the world.
The Western prairies, with their lack
of fencing: materials, had tried single
strands of wire, but they availed little
and the whole consumption of wire for
fencinsr In 1874 was only 60 tons. Glid-
den's barbs made the cattle think, and
the farmers soon saw their worth. In
10 years the wire fences had increased
10.000-fold, and in ten years more its
growth had been the foundation of the
wire trust.
But Glldden reaped small reward
from his invention till February 29
1892, when the United States Supreme
Court upheld his claims and he was
able to collect royalty on all the fences
that had been strung before. He lived
3 4 years to enjoy It, and died in his
home town in 1906, at the age of 93.
Quite naturally some animals in
closed by Glldden's fencing gashed
themselves on the barbs. Just as nat
urally men and boys tried to climb over
or under these fences and have their
clothes and their flesh torn. These
wounds upon man and beast and the
suddenness with which Glldden's barbs
halted all living things came to the
attention of military men, and the
barbed wire entanglement of which
we now read almost every day in the
war news was born.
Wire Halts Maneuvering.
And it may be said right here that
soldiers who have been halted by wire
entanglements while making a charge
or maneuvering for a new position say
the devil never invented anything
nastier. Bullets and bayonets make
wounds that cause no suffering or that
Mock sensibility, but barbed wire
tears and annoys and gives no escape.
Possibilities seen by American mill
tary students in barbed wire were soon
carried to the armies of Europe and
engineers in every country in the world
were put to work devising means for
using this new device. Natural fore
runners of the barbed wire entangle
ment had been in use from the earliest
times. Roman soldiers had defended
their positions with abatis. They had
held off their barbarian enemies by
felling trees, sharpening the ends of
the orancfaes and massing them with
their points turned away from the
. Sternal City. Fralses sharp-pointed
piles had been planted in the earth in
front of armies for their enemies to
wound themselves against or to halt
the onrush of a charge till the piles
could be removed or scaled.
Then, later, as Europe advanced in
wealth and more money and skill were
put into devices offensive and defen
slve, the cheval-de-f rise came into
vogue, and up to the time barbed wire
supplanted It, military people . looked
upon it as highly effective in some cir
cumstances. The cheval-de-frise is
log of wood, usually square, 9 Inches
by 9 inches and 12 feet long. Through
this log holes are bored six inches
apart, and into these holes sharp
.pointed staaes oi wooa or iron are
driven. This makes a device that re
sembles a series of exaggerated saw-
buckB. At the ends of the los are rings
by which they may be locked together,
making an obstruction of any desired
length that cannot be rolled aside.
cannot be vaulted by cavalry or climbed
toy infantry till the stakes are broken
off or bent aside.
But the use of the cheval-de-frise 1
limited. Like abatis and fraises, it is
valuable tor guarding the approach to
s permanent position where there is
ample time for building and placing it.
The cheval-de-frise is useful for barri
cading a street or road, and till recent
ly European armies carried with them
the materials and artisans to put them
together. The material for four che-vaux-ie-frises
would be a load for two
horses. A mile of the special, fine, steel
barbed wire made for military purposes
weighs from 90 to J.QQ. pounds. And be
It remembered that for cruelty - and
strength this military wire is a hundred
times more efficient than the ordinary
agricultural fence wire of commerce. -Nobody
outside of the European
armies now at war knows how they are
. using barbed wire entanglements or
in what form they are building them,
for the engineers of each army are con
stantly devising new methods, and these
new ideas are not divulged, even in
time of peace. But the dispatches tell
of cavalry and infantry running head
long into meshes of unyielding steel
thorns, that rouse - the imagination to
the horror of the wounds they inflict.
One use for barbed wire that seems to
be new is reported from Belgium. There
certain roads that it was desirable to
have passable to the people of the coun
try were made impassable to an army
by building zigzag fences from side to
Hide. The peasant, going to market,
might pass by traveling slowly and
double distance, but an army could not
thread such a maze and . must halt to
destroy it.
Entanglement Designs Many.
While the European armies probably
have built entanglements on new plans,
a description of how an entanglement
might be effectively constructed, issued
for the instruction of the British army
a few years ago, will give the layman
an idea of the effectiveness of such de
fenses. First the ground to be pro
tected and over which the enemy must
pass is laid off in five-foot squares. At
each corner of each square a post is
driven into the ground till 18 Inches
remains above the surface. This sys
tem of squares extends indefinitely
along the line to be defended, and the
common practice is to make it six
'. squares deep, thus insuring an en
tanglement 30 feet wide through which
the attacking forces must pass.
The wire Is strung from post to pos
and fastened with staples. Then other
wires are strung diagonally from posts
at opposite corners, and crisscrossed
again and again, till a net work
intricate as a bramble patch stands
high enough from the earth to throw a
horse or man among the terrible steel
thorns. The staples are not driven home,
nor are the wires stretched. If the wires
were taut they could be cut with
swora or bayonet blow. As they are
constructed the wire gives under the
blow and the only way that has been
devised to get through an entangle
ment is to stop and cut each wire with
. nippers.
These nippers are carried by soldiers
nowadays, but it is a Jong; job to set
JURY ACQUITS DAVIS
BALLPLAYER FREED OF CHARGE
FILED BY MINOR GIRL.
ABOLISHMENT OF
NOOSE LEADS BY 25
Vote Complete" Excepting Two
Small Counties Against
Capital Punishment.
Prosecutor Calls Method of ''Defease
Despicable and Attacks Court'
Instructions Bera-ex Next.
Robert Davis, ballplayer, was freed
yesterday by a Jury, which returned
verdict of not guilty, after consid
ering the merits of the case for half
an hour. Davis was charged with hav
ing contributed to the delinquency of
a minor girl.
Yesterday was taken up by the ar
guments of, opposing counsel and the
charge of Judge McGinn to the Jury.
Deputy District Attorney Collier ar
ralgned the defense for humiliating the
state's witnesses on cross-examination
and said it was the most despicable
action ne naa seen in any court.
in nis opening argument to the iurv
Deputy District Attorney Hammersly
grilled Davis, and said if he were
chief of police he would withdraw
his officers from prosecuting a search
for the midnight footpad and the red-
handed murderer, but would place his
men in the rooms of such men as Davis
and the others involved in this series
of cases to protect the young woman-
nooa or the city.
Attorney George Shepherd Quoted
jttODDie .Burns to the jury and urged
tnat tne acts of the accused were such
as frail humans were prone to com
mit. Judge W. W. McCredle made an
effective talk to the Jury on behalf
ox Davis.
Judge McGinns instructions were
credited with having freed Davis.
Deputy Collier objected vigorously to
them, as unduly favoring the defend
ant, but the court declared they would
stand.
The next trial in the series to be
heard before Judge McGinn will be
that of Joe Berger, local Jeweler, who
will be tried on a statutory charge.
The case will be begun on Tuesday
Evidence is much the same as that
against the ballplayers and the same
witnesses will be called.
GALLOWS LIKELY TO GO
Normal School Measures Are De
feated and x Other Acts Fail.
Chamberlain's Lead Grows,
With j-combe Still Gains.
VOTE BY COtnVTrES OX ABOLI
TION OF DEATH PENALTY.
County Yes. No.
Baker. , 2.201 2,208
Benton 1,822 2,041
Clackamas. 4,284 4,852
Clatsop 1.571 1.854
Columbia. 1,890 1,498
Coos 3.050 2,337
Crook 2,082 1,874
Curry S56 333
Douglas. 1.072 1,054
Gilliam 514 613
Harney 619 538
Hood River 1.160 922
Jackson. 3,276 2,533
Josephine. 770 948
Klamath 1.258 1.287
Lane 5,803 5.291
Lincoln. . 1,001 784
Linn 3,338 4.033
Marion 5,890 6,274
Morrow 555 750
Multnomah 32,644 30,479
Polk 2,292 2,718
Sherman 398 651
Tillamook 1,309 1,154
Umatilla. 2,036 1,976
Union. 1.570 1,640
Wallowa. . .. 560 641
Wasco 1,673 2.049
Washington. 1.957 2,855
Wheeler 330 436
YamhilL 3.102 3,337
Total 89,883 89,858
Majority for, 25.
LOSS IN OFFICERS 1598
British List of Casualties to October
27 Published.
LONDON. Nov. 7. A tabulated list
of the casualties among commissioned
officers in the various regiments com
posing the British expeditionary force
in France between October 20 and Octo
ber 27 raises the total of officers killed,
wounded or missing to 1598.
Among the regiments to suffer heav
ily were the Royal WelBh Fusiliers,
who lost seven officers ktUed. eight
wounded and two missing, . and the
Royal Field Artillery, 10 of whose of
ficers were wounded.
Chehalis Company Has Big Engine.
ELM A, Wash., Nov. 7. (Special.)
The largest engine in the Northwest is
now in operation at the plant of the
Chehalis Fir Door Company at Mc
Cleary. The engine has enough power
to operate the entire factory and is
used alone during the day run.
Whether the bill abolishing capital
punishment as a penalty for murder in
Oregon has been adopted by the voters
Is a Question that the returns from
Tuesday's election thus far have failed
to reveal.
With returns missing from only three
of the 34 counties in the state, the
measure now has a favorable majority
of 25 votes. Grant. Lake and Malheur
counties are the only ones that have
not yet reported. As Crook, Harney
and some of the other counties of Cen
tral Oregon have returned slight ma
jorities in favor of the bill, it is pos
sible that the present lead will be
maintained. However, the vote is so
close that a single county may affect
it either way.
This is the only measure on the bal
lot etill in doubt.
Normal Schools Lose.
Both the normal school bills seem to
have lost in the state at large. With
returns from 24 of the 34 counties in
the state available and this includes
the figures of most of the populous
counties the Ashland normal is nearly
20,000 votes behind. It Is certain that
the counties yet to be heard from can
not affect it. The vote now stands:
For the Ashland normal -5T.40O 1
Agamtc tbe Aahlana normal. . ..T7,:es
Majority against ...19,760
Belated returns also continue to give
adverse majorities to the Weston nor
mal in Eastern Oregon. Polk and
Washington counties, which reported
yesterday, went heavily against both
schools. The following is the vote on
the Weston normal:
For the Weston normal. ............ .61, X2
Against the Wc&ton normal 75,881
Majority against 14,489
Likewise the bill providing for city
and county consolidation continues to
tall behind. ' Many of the outlying
counties, evidently not understanding
the measure, have gone decidedly
against it. The vote now is 55,618 for
and 67,002 against a negative major
ity of 11,380.
Chamberlain Keeps Lead.
George E. Chamberlain continues to
make gains on Robert A. Booth for the
Senatorship. Chamberlain now is more
than 13,000 votes ahead in the state
PATROLMAN'S DAUGHTER ADOPTED BY POLICE BAND
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MARGARET LOIS RUDOLPH.
The youngest member of the Portland Police Band fits nicely In
the horn of Patrolman Ray Ellis' big tuba. She is Margaret Lois 'Ru
dolph. 10-months-old daughter of Patrolman and Mrs. M. M. Rudolph,
and she formally was adopted by the band after her father, who plays
a baritone, brought her to a rehearsal.
She crowed, laughed, gurgled and tried to talk all the time the po
liceman were playing, and when the rehearsal was over she was
elected a member of the band. Next Sprg the Police Band will
tour the Eastern cities boosting for Portland, and it is already ar
ranged that little Margaret will go along.
The Stiidebaker FOUR Appeals
To You Instantly
rS refined and beautiful lines satisfy at once your sense of car beauty.
The color and varnish work is so distinctly above the average that yon
notice it with gratification. The marks of the brush are not apparent
the color, and varnish have been flowed on the surface and rubbed in through
twenty operations. The color and varnish are satin-smooth, velvet-like as
perfect as the color and varnish work on a fine piano.
The fenders are of beautiful crown shape. Kvery line is a carve which blends harmoni
ously with the perfect symmetry of the body.
The running boards, covered full length with aluminum, are in studied unity with fenders
and body lines. -
This is the analysis of why the Studebaker FOUR appeals to you instantly, why it satis
fies your sense of car beauty. '
But think for a moment!
You Buy Time-Service with the Studebaker FOUR
Do you buy a Studebaker FOUR just
because it is beautiful the day you take it
out of the show room, or do you buy it for
the service, for the pleasure, for the con
venience, for the happiness of your family
and for a thousand other appealing things
which a motor car, develops as you own
and drive it?
If the first appearance, the first impres-
sion of your car, is the thing you buy it for,
you are cheating yourself out of a large
part of the real value of the Studebaker
FOUR.
Your Studebaker FOUR is planned and
manufactured for the service it will give
you, Tor a year two years five years,
after you buy it.
After the car has traveled ten thousand
miles, its motor, if given a little care, will
run as smoothly, as silently, as swiftly as
it did the day you took it out of the show
room. The springs will be as resilient, the
whole car as tight and as noiseless, as the
first day you drove up in front of your
house.
Studebaker manufactures time-service
into the splendid Studebaker steels."
The light, perfectly balanced reciproca
ting parts of the motor will give hundreds
and thousands of miles of smooth, silent
running efficiency.
The gears and axles likewise have the
same quality of time-service manufactured
into them.
Even the lustrous and beautiful body
, finish, if given reasonable care, will be
bright and fresh for years after it has
been exposed to rigorous service.
These are the things we want you to
bear in mind when you buy your Stude
baker FOUR.
These are the things which represent its
real value to you.
v These are the things which Quality
means.
Remember that you are not buying a
car just because it looks beautiful the day
you take it out of the show room.
You are buying it for what it will look
like and what it will run like after you
have driven it a year, or two years, or five
years. This is the time-service that is
manufactured into Studebaker cars.
Studebaker cannot afford to build any
other kind of a car.
This is what we mean when we tell yon
to BUY IT BECAUSE IT'S A STUDEBAKER.
Stadebaker Prices
FOTJR Roadstet $ 98S
FOUR Touring Car. 985
SIX 5-pusenger L385
SIX 7-paMcager L4S0
F. O. B. Detroit
STUDEBAKER
Detroit
t!'-!- Applying To AB Stadebaker Cars
CtrH flomtingr rear axle with Tonkas Bearinc.
Electric starting- aad iicfatiac. Extra size
tires. Safety tread oa the rear. Bmlt-ta
windshield, on mil" type silk mobair top.
Crown fenders.
N-fM
THE OREGON MOTOR CAR CO.
Chapman, at Alder St. - Portland Dealers. Phones Main 9402, A 7656.
outside of Multnomah County. Some
counties have not reported their vote
complete. Chamberlain carried Multno.
man County by 9661, which selves him
plurality of approximately 22.700.
Dr. James withycombe now has a
lead over Dr. C. J. Smith for the Gov
ernorship in the state outside Multno
mah County of 21,168. He carried Mult
nomah County by 11,797, which gives
him a present plurality In the state at
large of 33.965. So it is reasonable to
expect that the ' missing counties and
the unreported precincts of those coun
ties tnat nave made partial returns
will swell his grand plurality to more
than 35,000.
2 KBPCBIICANB RE-ELECTED
Forbes or Bend and Smith of Klam-
atlt Falls Solons Again.
BEND, Or., Nov. 7. (Special.) Ver
non A. Forbes, of Bend, and Wesley O.
Smith, of Klamath Falls, both Repub
licans, are re-elected as State Repre
sentatives from this district, each with
a comfortable margin.
In Crook County, P. H. Dencer, can
dldate of the Democratic and Prohibi
tion parties, was defeated by Forbes
by only 54 votes. The Count stands
2296 to 2242. Grant, Lake and Klamath
counties gave Forbes a plurality of
several hundred escb.
Tn tho nrlntinc of the acts of the British
Parliament the old spelling" of the word
PORTLAND GETS SHOW
DAHLIA SOCIETY AWARDS 115 EX
POSITION TO CI.Tf.
An appeal was formulated to Kepre
seotatlve William Humphrey asking
his aid in getting three National dahlia
show gardens, one for the Atlantic
Coast, another for the Middle West and
the third for the Pacific seaboard.
R. W. GUI was appointed chairman
of a committee which will reclassify
all dahlia plants and adopt a standard
for each species. This will aid In judg
ing at future dahlia shows.
Baroness Killed by BoasA.
DRESDEN, via Rome, Nov. 8, 2:10
A. M. The first woman reported to
have lost her life while serving in the
present war was Baroness Marga Ton
Falkenhausen.
Raymond VV. GUI la Chose Secretary
and General Show Muartr of
National Association.
SEATTLE, Wash., Nov. 7. (Special.)
Portland was chosen aa the place for
the second annual dahlia show at the
annual meeting of the National Dahlia
Society of America, today in the Cham
ber of Commerce assembly room. The
show will take place in September, 1915.
Officers of tbe organization elected
for the coming year are as follows:
Richard M. Buttle, Seattle, president;
Mrs. W. C. D. Spike, Tacoma. first vice-
president; Mrs. J. King, Everett, sec
ond vice-president; Mrs. Sidney Pom
eroy, Bellingham, third vice-president;
Raymond W. Gill, Portland, Or., secre
tary and general show manager; E. H.
White, Portland, treasurer: Mrs. R. A.
Small. Everett, superintendent of juve
nile department.
Plans for enlarging the scope of the
club's work were discussed. Assistant
secretaries were appointed at Short-
hill, N. J., and Denver, Colo. New seed
ling registration books were opened.
Some Man in Portland
s looking for a beautiful building site with large, stately, orna
mental trees, without having to wait a lifetime for them to
grow. He is looking for something individually different, some
thing which distinguishes him and which the thousands cannot
duplicate. He wants a place with all the usual advantages, to
gether with many peculiarly unusual advantages. This - is the
man I want to meet, Monday, and for a quick sale to tho right
party no better buy was ever offered. For particulars sea
Henry R. Dabney.
DABNEY INVESTMENT COMPANY, 712 Corhett B nil ding.
0
LD ago can be made the period of great
est happiness, but complete good health
is necessary. As age advances the
stomach and bowel muscles lose their
elasticity and no longer respond read
ily. The result is constipation, or dyspepsia,
biliousness, sour stomach, bloating, drowsiness
after eating, belching, headache, etc.
The foregoing was about the condition that
Mr. Wm. A. Roeker, 64 Vienna St, Rochester,
N. T found himself in some time ago. A good
friend persuaded him to take Dr. Caldwell's
Syrup Pepsin, a widely known laxative-tonic
that has been on the market for two gen
erations. After a brief use of it he writes that
if ha had the last bottle obtainable he would not
part with it for a hundred dollars and Mr.
Roeker is not an especially rich man either
for he considers himself entirely welL Another
noteworthy case is that of Mrs. Margaret Bar
ringer, of Newark. Ohio, who is 82.
Dr. Caldwell's Syrup Pepsin is without doubt
America's greatest household remedy. Its mild
action recommends it especially for babies,
women and old folks, for these should not take
drastic cathartics and purgatives such- as pills,
powders, salt waters, etc. Your druggist sells
Syrup Pepsin at fifty cents and one dollar a
bottle, and you should always have a bottle in
the house. Thousands of old users always have
the dollar size, as it is mora economical. Results
guaranteed or money wlU be refunded.
Coupon for
FREE SAMPLE
Dr. Caldwell is glad to
send anyone who has
never tried hla remedy
a free sample bottle for
per sonal investigation,
simply clip this coupon
and Inclose in an envel
ope with your name and
address or write your
name and address plain
ly on a postcard and
mail it to Dr. W. R.
Caldwell. 67 Washington
fcU. Mgnticello, iu.
7