The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current, October 18, 1914, SECTION THREE, Image 48

The Sunday Oregonian., October 18, 1914, SECTION THREE, Page 12, Image 48

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Newspaper Page Text12 THE SUNDAY OKEGOXIAX, PORTLAND, OCTOBER IS, 1914. SIXTY PER CENT OF LAND IN OREGON ESCAPES TAXATION Shaded Portion of Map Represents Proportion of Each County Under Federal Control in Forest and Other Reserves, Unappropriated Public Domain and Forfeited Land Grant. C LA TSOPpV T eS5 if&yr, 0.2 Mo? 7ajree 4 - - -4 tic Aire " ow m lrWt k? MSSm el L f XGT V- : Pwft" J v . I APPROXIMATELY 60 per cent of the land In Oregon is untaxed. The raeason is tlmt much of the state's area is in the forest reserves, the unappropriated and unreserved, pub lic domain, the Oregon & California Land Grant, the Indian reservations and National parks. This 60 per cent of Oregon's land area is not only untaxed itself but bears nothing taxable to contribute revenue to the cost of gevernment for state, counties or municipalities. The map published on this page is an accurately prepared diagram showing how the map of Oregon would, appear if all untaxed lands in each county "were grouped together. It is designed to show the proportion between taxed and untaxed land and does not purport to give the exact location of Govern ment holdings in each county. In area, Indiana is considered one of the smaller states of the Union. In area Oregon is considered one of the larger, but today, owing to the exclusion from state control of more than 61.000,000 acres of land. Oregon is in reality not much larger than the Hoosier state. The paraller however is not complete. If the adjoining State of Illinois were a wilderness and Indiana were charged with the task of governing it the illus tration wiuld be more nearly accurate. Map 1Um Tale. It requires a mere glance at the ac companying map to learn why taxes are high in Oregon. The map is published herewith be cause of its bearing on the political Issues of the day. Oregon's senior rem6cratic Senator has declined the post of chairman of the committee on public lands although one-fourth of the land area of his state is in the unappropriated public domain. Oregon's Democratic Senator sat dumb and unprotesting when a law was amended in such a way that Ore gon was deprived of the benefit for reclamation purposes of $6,000,000 to $8,000,000 of the proceeds from the sales of public lands. Oregon's Democratic Senator has done nothing to retrieve these losses. In the state various measures are proposed for levying higher taxes. The $1500 exemption proposes to exempt the moderately well-to-do and put higher taxes on land. Another measure proposes an extra tax on land holdings above a certain minimum value. Two measures abolishment of the Senate and proportional representation propose to destroy district represent ation and deprive the large, sparsely settled, counties having small taxable areas of a voice in the legislative coun sels on matters of taxation and all other legislation pertaining to their welfare. Another amendment proposes to add to the enormous areas already reserved all the unsold tide lands and thereby deprive the school 'fund of revenues and lock up a resource that would be benefited by improvement. One of the striking facts disclosed by this map is that the 18 counties of Western Oregon pay nearly 78 per cent of the state taxes, yet within their borders lies a taxable land area which is less than 18 per cent of the total land area of the state. In the counties of Multnomah, Ma rion, Lane and Clackamas is a taxed area which is less than 4 per cent of the total area of the state. Yet it pays more than governmen shows the gon: Counties. Multnomah Marlon Lane . . . . . Clackamas Jackson . . . DouRlas . . . Linn Washington Clatsop Coo- Yamhill ... Polk Tillamook . Columbia .. Benton . . . . JoyeDhinn Lincoln Curry one-half the t. The foil situation in cost of state owing table Western Ore- A A A" .34 3S.0O $1,5S2,C20.0 .84 4.41 lM:t,S4.80 1.09 4.O0 11,29Q.."9 0.8i 3.70 154.275.78 O.O'J 140,348.00 2.22 ...33 131t.G02.47 1.37 3.1 131.7S0.60 1.33 2.69 112.123. T O.Stl 2.34 ft7.356.H7 1.2:; 2.1 fl 90.08U.62 0.65 2.13 89.MO.0i 0.tl 1.79 74,670.12 0.9.1 1.71 71.117.37 O.06 1.61 0,9G4.87 0.62 1.27 53,02.92 0.48 1.05 43.810.30 1.37 0.74 30.P41.83 O.63 0.3S 15.6o0.24 Totals 17.62 77.94 $3,246,830.10 A Percentage of state's entire tw taxed In each county. A Percentage of total state tax borne by each county. A Total state tax for all purposes. Total tax for entire State. 1U14. $4,163,000. The first four counties. 3.73 per cent of state area, pay S0.17 per cent of state tax. The first 10 counties, 11.73 per cent of state area, pay 67.24 oer cent of state tax. The first 13 counties. 15.23 per cent of state area, pay 75.77 per cent of state tax. The first IS i-u-j titles. 17.62 per cent of statu area, pay J'.'ji uer cent of state tax. In the untaxed total of the state is included the Oregon 6c California rail road land grant. This grant comprises more than- 2,000,000 acres. Against It would be levied and collected this year a total of $466,872.87 In taxes, were it not for the judgment of the Federal courts forfeiting the grant to the Gov ernment. If this litigation is won finally by the Government in the United States Supreme Court the grant will not be open to settlement pending further leg islation by Congress. Unless men who are awake are sent by Oregon to Congress, this grant -of more than 2,000,000 acres will be con verted into a Federal Reserve with out a doubt and tax revenues of nearly $500,000 yearly will be surrendered. The county of Douglas is contribut ing this year $139,602 to the expense of running the state government. If the railroad land grant were subject to taxation the portion of this grant in Douglas County would contribute near ly $07,000 of that county's share rf the state taxes. Other counties in West ern Oregon are affected similarly. The following table shows the total state tax apportioned against each county by reason of the forfeiture of the land grant: 2ocS C J B 2- o 0 Ssa ,2 c 33 T3 -5 e; COUNTIES. r S &- 3 3 m "c vB e p fc5 ?R? l 5 His 1 Bcr.ton 33.61:7 ."i3.io2.03 $ 20.07S.78 Clackamas. S!i,16i 154.275.76 S0.eiil.52 Columbia .. 17,679 fiH.964.S7 15.042.62 Coos 106.."f-3 90, 0H0. 62 SO.U22.62 Curry 7.S4.V 15.0.6.24 2.:U3.6T Douglas 618.843 139.002.47 S6.901.76 Jackson ... 441.791 140.34.H.OO 71.219 20 Josephine .. l7.4ftl 43.M9.8 8.1.874.60 Klamath .. 4.1, 01. V sj 64.2KO.94 10.3S9.50 Lane 299.606) 169.2U0.59 80.527. OO Lincoln 15.606 S0.S4t.83 2.158.22 Linn 61.96i 131.780.80 1S.871.3S Marlon 80.2561 1S3.7S4.S0 8.273.46 Multnomah 9.047 1.B82.520.WV 2.328.28 Polk S7.01S 74.670.12 13.557.&9 Tillamook .. 29.711' 71.117.37 3.444. U5 Washington 17.932 112.125.97 4.876.54 Yamhill I 28.683! 8U.510.01 4.461.22 Tola la . . .12,74.18l' 1468. 872.87 There are tremendous problem con fronting: Oregon. They demand wise statesmanship at Salem in the execu tive chair and in the Legislature, that what the state- possesses shall be prop erly conserved and developed and not burdened with excessive taxation. They call for wise action on the menacing? measures on the ballot. Oregon's right ful interest in the Government lands within the state needs careful safe guarding: at 'Washington by Congress men alive to the situation. New Line Being Ballasted. SPRINGFIELD. On. Oct. 17. (Spe cial.) Three additional engines and two additional train orews were put to work out of Springfield this morning to haul gravel from the Natron pits, near here, for the WUlamette-Pacif io Railroad, near Mapleton. at the head of tide on the Siuslaw. Graveling opera tions had been suspended for the past month, while rails were being laid from the Lake Creek bridge to Mapleton. The rails were laid Into Mapleton Tuesday and ballasting operations will continue until ail the track Is ballasted. Kansas Cttv bas 139 miles of boulevards. POULTRY TO GIVE MORE PROFIT IS PREDICTION With Increase in Price of Meats Demand for Eggs and Chickens Is Ex pected to Be Greater Than Usual. by w. LUDWIG. I FOR some time we have heard quite a little about .money being tight and the times 'a little hard in the business centers. We hear little of it from the farmers and we would hear a good deal more about hard times if it were not for the great American hen. One must be impressed with this fact that the future of livestock husbandry In the United States was never so as sured as at this moment. The demand for poultry and eggs will be extraor dinary. The domestic market -and the foreign trade will readily absorb the supply at good prices. The demand will be well nigh insatiable for eggs and poultry from now on. because of the liigh prices of other meats and of grains. Eggs will be the cheapest con centrated food that people can buy. while poultry will be really the cheap est meat. There must be a veritable boom ahead for poultry. A golden market awaits these products, which can be produced readily within three to six months. Karmers, begin now and keep more hens. Give them better attention. Use Incubators frr raising more and better chickens. Then sell more eggs and flressed poultry. It is no trouble at all to get a net profit of $100 a year from 100 hens valued at $50. What other farm prod uct can you mention that will produce such a profit on an equal Investment? Give poultry the same care anatten tion that other stock receives on the farm and they will pay handsomely. They will not do it if left tcjj shift for themselves, nor will anything else pay tinder careless conditions. Farmers, you need not be afraid of overstocking: the market with, poultry and eggs. According to the figures of the 13th census of the United States, the farmers and poultrymen of America actually placed upon the market 1.000, 000.000 dozen of eggs. In addition over 600.000.000 were consumed for table and hatching purposes. It is estimated that the eggs sold totalled nearly $200, 000.000. The Increased and ever-increasing price of meats beef, pork and mutton very naturally Increase the demand for eggs. Eggs are such a handy com modity to prepare for the table that they are ever going to be In demand. The congested centers of this coun try depend to a great extent upon the farms of the Middle West for their eggs. A recent bulletin published by the New Jersey experimental station. states that although the great bulk of her eggs goes to New York City, yet this great flood of eggs amounts only to about 20 per cent of the total re ceipts of this great city. The great trouble with most farmers is that they will raise just what hens can be accommodated in a haphazard way. This is not a satisfactory way, either, for they are always more or less in the way and the farmer and his help think the hen is a general nui sance. This is simply true because there is no good place provided for her. Do not be afraid to spend a few dol lars In making permanent improve ments to care for your hens. They will pay it all back and a good round profit Into the bargain. Two dozen eggs in Winter time when eggs are selling at high price will pay for the keep of the hen throughout the year and the balance of eggs sold will be all profit. Government statistics state that the annual loss of eggs Hue to breakage, spoilage and partial incubation amounts to more than $45,000,000 yearly. This tremendous waste is being constantly lessened as a result of the systematic educational campaign by the United States Department of Agriculture and other sources. Don't be a party to this great loss. Inaugurate modern ideas in feeding and taking care of your hens and eggs. Gather the eggs two or three times a day. Keep them in a cool place. Pre vent dirty shells by providing clean nests and keep them in good condition all the time. If the eggs ars slightly soiled rubbing lightly with a dry cloth will clean them. Avoid wetting the shell, for it destroys the "bloom" which is a distinguishing feature of a fresh egg and which gradually disappears with age and handling. Badly-soiled eggs can be washed in warm water (not hot) and dried with a soft cloth im mediately. Avoid the use of soap or other cleansing preparations. Badly stained eggs should be retained for home consumption. Grade the eggs ac cording to color and size. Mixed lots of eggs do not appear as attractive to the buyer, nor do they 'command as high a figure. A uniformity of color can be obtained by placing eggs of different shades in cartons, thus avoid ing the marked difference of shades in eggs resulting in an attractive package. A v genuine fresh-laid egg always commands a higher figure than eggs shipped from a distance. In many towns and cities there are people who will gladly deal with the producer di rect for a fresh product. It is only a matter of getting the producer and consumer together. The parcel post has proved a means whereby small packages can be shipped at a low cost and has enabled farmers and poultry men living near cities to build up a private trade, thus providing the con sumers with fresh eggs. Experiments should be made with the different containers on the market used in shipping eggs by parcel post. Select the one that exactly meets your needs after the various tests. Some shippers use baskets which are conven ient, strong- and. inexpensive and. are used for local delivery. Under parcel post regulations parcels weighing more than 20 pounds may be packed In crates or boxes with tight bottoms and should be plainly marked "eggs." 'Many of these egg-carriers may be used several times and. arrangements should be made to have the empties returned. Adopting the parcel post plan, the consumer is assured of a regular sup ply of fresh eggs at prices little if any higher than those obtained, from the grocer of inferior quality. The pro ducer receives the greater part of the consumer's money and reaps a greater reward for his labor. According: to the figures of the New York state food investigating commit tee, it was found that where the pro ducer received 20 cents for eggs a dozen, they were retailed at -an aver age of 31.3 cents, an increase of 56 V4 per cent. The following figures show the charges on each dozen of eggs: Producer 30.20 Shipper 0. (.123 Commission ........................... 0.01 Jobber 0.O38 Relailtr 0.042 Retail price $0,313 According to these figures there is a margain of 10 cents a dozen which the producer can expend in working up a trade. This trade can be worked up by personal solicitation or by placing a small advertisement in the local paper. When this has been accomplished and several customers procured, they will spread the news among their friends, thus increasing the trade. What better business can a farmer's son or daughter engage in than pro ducing eggs at 20 to BO cents a dozen? It is much better than letting them flock to the over-crowded cities in quest of work when times are most de pressed and temptations are the great est. Encourage them to build up a substantial chicken and egg farm and hard times will never be known. Failing to close the doors to the poultry-house one night, my birds were subject to a strong draft and the re suit is they have developed, roup. Will you kindly advise me what to do for same? W. H. E. Formerly It was the custom to call nearly all the ailments of fowls due to taking cold by the name of "roup." However. Dr. Salmon, of the Bureau of Animal Husbandry. Washington. D. C. makes a distinction between the different kinds of colds or roup, sim ple and infectious catarrh and diph thlritlc catarrh- or diphthlritlc roup. The disease called "roup" by poul trymen is a contagious catarrh, close ly resembling the more malignant forms of influenza in the larger animals and in man. It attacks principally the membranes lining the eye. the sacs below the eye, the nostrils, the larynx and the trachea. It is attended with high fever and Is most contagious. Roup appears to be a strictly con tagious disease: that Is, one which arises only, so far as known, by con tagion from other diseased birds. The nature of the microbe which consti tutes the virus is not known. The con tagion is generally brought into the poultry-yard by infected birds. Some times these are birds which are per chased from other flocks in which the disease exists; sometimes they are birds of the home nock which have been to exhibitions and there exposed to sick fowls, and sometimes they are wild birds or pigeons which fly from one poultry-yard to another. The saliva and the discharge which escapes from the nostrils carry the con tagion and soon contaminate the drink, ing water and feeding troughs so that all the fowls are Infected. Even the flocks in adjoining yards are Infected by the particles of mucus projected Into the air when sneezing, or by the contagion carried on the feet of per sons, animals or small birds that pass from one yard to another. Delicate birds are inclined to attacks and recover slowly, and often a chronic condition persists for a long time. Birds so affected may carry and spread the contagion for a year or more and be come the cause of new outbreaks of the disease. The symptoms first seen are similar to those of an ordinary cold, but there is more fever, dullness and prostra tion. The discharge from the nasal opening is at first thin and watery, but in two or three days becomes .thick and obstructs the breathing. The in flammation, which begins in the nasal passages, soon extends to the eyes and to the spaces-which exist immediately below the eyeballs. The eyelids are swollen, held closed much of the time, and may be glued together by the ac cumulated secretion. The birds sneeze and shake their heads in their efforts to free the air passages from the thick mucus. The appetite is diminished and the birds sit with their heads drawn In, wings drooping and having a gen eral appearance of depression and Ill ness. When the inflammation reaches the spaces or sacs beneath the eyes it causes formation of a secretion similar to that of the nose, and as this becomes thick tt collects, distends the walls of these spaces and produce a. warm and painful swelling, which is seen just be low the eyes and may reach the size of a hickory nut. This swelling presses with much force on the eyeball, which is displaced and more or leas deformed; and in extreme cases even the bones of the head may give .way before it. The closure of the eyes prevents badly affected birds from finding food; the accumulation of mucus in the nos trils completely obstructs these pas sages, so that the beak must be kept open in order to breathe: the obstruc tion of the windpipe and the smaller air tubes causes loud breathing sounds and difficult respiration. In the severe and advanced cases the birds sit in a somnolent, or semi-conscious condition, unable to see or to eat: their strength is rapidly exhausted, and many of them die within a week or ten days. A part of the affected individuals recover, but others continue weak and have a chronic form of the disease for months, during which time they continue to disseminate the con tagion. . This disease is distinguished from diphtheria by the absence of the thick, tough and adherent newly. formed mem branes in the nostrils, mouth and throat, which are characteristic of the latter. There may sometimes be a de posit of yellowish material on the walls of the mouth and throat, bet it is easily broken up and removed. The medical treatment of this dis ease may be successful if properly ap plied. The sick birds should be re moved from the flock and put in a warm, dry and well-ventilated room which is free from drafts of air. The affected mucous membranes should be treated by applying antiseptic and healing mixtures. The best method is to use a good spraying apparatus: but. lacking this, a small syringe, an oil can, or even a medicine dropper can be made to answer the purpose. It bas been recommended that the bird's head be plunged into a basin or bowl of the mixture and held there a. few seconds, but not long enough to cause suffocation. The remedies most suitable for such treatment are: Boric acid, one ounce: water, one quart; or, permanganate of potash, one dram; water, one quart; or. boric acid, one and one-fourth ounces; borate of soda, one-half ounce; water, one quart; or, peroxide of hydrogen, one ounce, water three ounces. Where the inflammation has pro gressed to the eye, excellent results have followed the use of argyrol. One or two drops of a 15 per cent solution Is Introduced between the eyelids twice daily for a period of several days. Before applying these remedies It is well to wash the eyes and mouth with warm water containing one teaspoonful of common salt to a quart, using a pledget of absorbent cotton and rub bing gently, while at the same time pressing and massaging about the nos trils and under the eyes to loosen the accumulated secretion. If there Is much swelling under the eyes. It must be carefully opened with a sharp, clean knife, all the secretions removed, and the cavity washed with one of the above-mentioned solutions. A pledget of cotton moistened with the solution may be left in the opening? for an hour or two, or It may be dusted with iodo form powder. When the ewelling un der the eye is not large or hard, it may often be reduced by masBaging it in such a manner as to press the contents toward the nostril. After treating the birds in this manner the head should be well anointed with pure vaseline or with camphorated vaseline.