THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAJf. PORTLAND, JT7LY
19. 1914.
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KVIL RESILTS Ol I.tK.-KOI.Ll'a.
The most shameful waste and mis
management are committed by Con
gress In the appropriation of funds
for river and harbor Improvement.
"Were the funds distributed on common-sense
principles, the most neces
sary and most meritorious projects
would be undertaken first and would
be prosecuted continuously to com
pletion. This is not done, because
under the methods pursued by Con
gress the votes necessary to pass any
appropriation at all could not be pro
cured. Members who desire money
for meritorious projects are com
pelled practically to buy votes by con
senting to the division of the available
sum among a number of small local
projects of no merit whatever, as well
as among those which have merit, in
order to obtain any money at all.
The consequence Is that the entire
bill is visited with general condemna
tion. Great rivers like the Columbia,
Mississippi. Ohio, Missouri ana .Hud
son have to bear the odium attaching
to appropriation for insignificant
creeks in the districts of Senators and
Representatives whose votes must
thus be bought. The great rivers
must drag the little creeks with them
as a kite drags its tail.
A double wrong is done by this lack
of system. Not only are the sound
projects brought into undeserved dis
repute, but they are deprived of a
large part of the necessary" funds for
their execution. They get piecemeal
appropriations, so that work drags
along for an interminable period, and
much of that which is done ne year
must be done again the next year
owing to suspension due to exhaus
tion of funds. Improvement of a sin
gle waterway is not taken up as a
unit and carried through to comple
tion without cessation. Terminals
and wharves and places for inter
change of traffic with railroads are
rot provided. We simply Improve a
channel in an exasperatir.gly dilatory
manner.
A few examples will show how this
lack of system works. The improve
ment of the Mississippi between the
mouths of the Ohio and the Missouri
was begun in 1881, the cost then be
ing estimated at 16,000,000, but $17,
00,000 has already been expended
and it Is estimated that $17,260,000
more will be needed to complete it.
While work has dragged along and
cost has been doubled, traffic on the
river has dwindled almost to a van
ishing point. In 1880. 44 per cent
of St. Louis" shipments went down
the river; in 1909 only half of 1 per
cent, or a total of 150.000 tons. That
It is possible to develop a vast river
traffic by prompt, judicious improve
ment and by co-ordination of rail and
water lines is proved by the fact that
the Rhine, with less depth of water
than the stretch of the Mississippi in
question, carries 40.000.000 tons a
year. Yet the shrinkage of water
traffic due to our Government's
riclous methods is made an argument
for ceasing the work entirely.
The piecemeal system ot appropria
tion is estimated by Senator Burton
to increase the cost of improvement
20 per cent. Army engineers agree
with him. It prolongs work to such
an extent that the expenditure In
many cases confers no benefit for
many years and the improvement may
not fit conditions of traffic by the
time it Is completed. Thus the Im
provement of Hellgate and East River
is expected to cost 113,400.000, but
only $500,000 is carried In the pend
ing bill. At this rate it would take
twenty-seven years to finish the work.
At the present rate of appropriation
the time required for completing
other work would be: Harlem River,
sixteen years; channel from Pensa
cola Bay to Mobile Bay, nine years;
Lower Mississippi, sixteen to twenty
'ears; Galveston seawall. eleven
years: Tenneasee River, ten years;
Ohio River, twenty-five years.
The people of the Columbia River
basin and of several Oregon harbors
have especial cause to condemn the
present wasteful methods, for they
have spent millions of their own
money on river and harbor Improve
ment. They cannot view with equa
nimity the spectacle of their Senators
and Representatives, in order to pro
cure the Government's contribution
to the Joint work, being morally com
pelled to vote money for worthless
projects to which the people of the
locality benefited do not contribute a
dollar. The Columbia River, on its
merits as a great highway of com
merce, can Justly claim liberal ap
propriations without local aid. When
Its people voluntarily give this aid.
Congress pays the entire cost of im
proving creeks on the Atlantic Coast
for the benefit of a few fertilizer
factories.
Representatives of districts which
have genuine waterways needing im
provement may be able to remedy the
abuses described If they will unite in
support or Senator Xewiands' amend
ment placing the apportionment of a
lump sum appropriation in the hands
of a commission which would be gov
erned by business and engineering
principles, not by log-rolling. They
would have nothing to fear and every
thing to hope from a properly consti
tuted commission. Such a body would
take away money from the creeks and
spend it on the rivers. It would work
out a comprehensive plan for each
watershed and prosecute It to com
pletion without interruption. Advo
cates of a commission would have a
bitter fight with the log-rollers from
the creeks, but enough men are in
terested iu sound projects to win if
they will pull together.
Several recent murders In Chicago
are ascribed to lunatics. Such persons
have the passions without the self
control of sane people and are there
fore a constant menace when at large.
Tet an attempt is made to release
Harry Thaw, who has committed one
murder, from restraint, and Juries
continually pronounce murderers In
sane in order to liberate them. It is
impossible to discover all persons
whose insanity may prompt them to
murder, but we should at least keep
in a safe place all those who have
actually given awful proof of insanity.
WHY THI8 DISCRIMINATION?
An Oregon Democratic newspaper
recently contained a ringing denun
ciation of the mail-order firm ot
Sears, Roebuck & Co., Chicago and
Seattle, for its rare impertinence in
soliciting business in automobile sup
plies from Portland. The outrage was
described in the following passionate
terms:
Have Seara, Roebuck at Co., of 8eattle,
war paid any taxes, or employed any work
era, or contributed anything to the gayety
or progress of Portland?
Our home people, our neighbors, our
friends. Including the home dealers In auto
mobile supplies, make Portland, sustain
Portland, nourish Portland, enrich Portland,
and It lb not Seattle, but Portland that gives
every one of us our living, our pleasures,
our homes and our hope.
Sojne of us, of course, cjui get along
without automobile supplies, and the
appeal of Sears, Roebuck Co., Chi
cago and Seattle, therefore falls upon
deaf ears. But we have as yet found
no way to subsist without butter, eggs
and beef.
May we suggest to our Democratic
friend that it turn from contempla
tion 'of the woes of the local auto
supply dealers to the discrimination
practiced by a Democratic President
and a Democratic Congress against
the Oregon producer of butter, eggs
and beef?
If we send our money to China for
eggs, Australia for beef and New Zea
land for butter, what are we doing to
support home industry? If we sup
port a National Administration that
encourages tho importations of but
ter, eggs and beef, In order to weaken
or break the American market for
butter, eggs and beef, have we done
our duty by home industry?
Why the Immense Indignation
against the automobile supply deal
ers of a neighboring city, and tne tol
eration of the alien producer of beef,
eggs and butter?
THE LATEST TAX IGNIS EATECS.
If the proposal to exempt $1500
personal property and improvements
shall carry, the burden of taxation
will be shifted to the land and to all
personal property and improvements
above $1500. That is clear. Some
body must pay. Who is It?
Will the farmer who has a farm
worth, say $3000, half land and half
Improvements, escape? He will not,
for the tax rate must be heavily in
creased on his assessable $1500.
Will the small home-owner, who
has property worth $1500, half in his
home, half In his lot, escape? He
will not, for the tax rate will rise on
Jiis assessable $750.
Will the renter, who pays from $10
to $20 per month, escape . He never
escapes, for the owner always adds
his taxes to his rental charges.
Will the rich man, who has a $50,
000 home, escape? He escapes now,
if we are to believe the single tax
theorists. The $1500 exemption is, of
course, of small moment in any $50,
000 assessment.
Will the little fellow who pays
taxes on $50 or $500 to $1000 escape?
He will, if all his wealth is in per
sonal property and improvements; he
will not if it is land. He Is excluded
from the full benefit of the exemp
tion until he gets $1500 in personal
property. He is thus at a disadvan
tage us against his more prosperous
$1500 neighbor.
Who will pay the taxes under the
$1500 exemption scheme? It will be
Inevitably the renter, who never is
relieved under any system; the home
owner, who has a house and improve
ments -worth less than $1500; and
the large realty owner, Including the
farmer. The taxpayer wlio has $1500,
and little or no land, will benefit at
the expense of all the others.
The real way to decrease public
taxes is, of course, to cut down pub
lic expenditures. Why does not your
theorist and faddist, who has long had
too much to say in Oregon, propose a
rational reform for the benefit of the
taxpayers, beginning with the reduc
tion of taxes?
The real way to make the tax bur
den lighter, and In the present situa
tion practically the only way, la to
have less taxes to pay.
THE BIO OPPOKTCNITY.
A Seattle newspaper recently pub
lished a two-page illustrated article
on farming in the Evergreen State,
which gives many suggestions well
worth considering, even if the article
in question is in the nature of an
advertisement. It is also a sort of In
dictment against Portland for taking
a good share of the trade of Central
Washington away from the Puget
Sound city. As to that, the indictment
should lie against Nature and not
against the people of Portland. The
Columbia waterway was not con
structed by us; neither did we place
a great range of mountains to the east
of Seattle as a tax upon her com
merce. Mr. W. W. Robinson, the gentle
man who owns the Kittitas farm,
with which the article deals, bought
2600 acres of land near Ellensburg
several years ago and has built there
a great farming plant, devoted prin
cipally to the production of livestock.
He raises Percheron horses, Shorthorn
Durham cattle of the milking strain,
Holsteins for the dairy run by the
farm, thoroughbred hogs and poul
try. He expects soon to have 300 reg
istered Holsteins In the farm dairy,
with a milk check coming in of $3000
a month.
No doubt a farm run as Mr. Rob
inson proposes to run his Kittitas
farm will prove a money-maker. His
prospective income is equivalent to a
larger annual dividend than any of
our banks can possibly anticipate, and
such a dividend should be enhanced
year by year. There is not a bit of
doubt that in the production of live
stock there lies the best opportunity
for the investor to be found in the
West.
"It is conservatively estimated,"
says Mr. Robinson, "that from $20,
000.000 to $30,000,000 a-year is sent
from this state for meats, dairy and
poultry products. I am of the opin
ion that with proper management
enough of these supplies could be
raised in a few years to meet this de
mand, so that we could keep this vast
sum at home."
In that paragraph lies a mighty
suggestion for the people of Oregon,
more particularly the wealthy people
of Portland, for no doubt we are send
ing from this state almost as much
every year as Washington. Our busi
ness men seem ever to have their
eyes open to all sorts of Investments,
many of them close to the wild-cat
order, while the safest of all business
propositions is looked upon with dis
trust, except by a very few. The prof
its of meat-raising enhance every
year. The diminishing open range, the
cutting up of thousands of the small
ranches of the Middle West and the
eastern slope of the Rockies these
factors have greatly lessened our pro
duction, while the demand has grown
marvelously year after year.
In Oregon ought to be the greatest
meat-producing and milk-producing
ranches of the future. Nature has
given us a climate unsurpassed for the
purpose: we have the land at low
prices; we have everything save the
men with the business foresight to go
into the business.
Perhaps the reader may think that
when our open range is entirely ob
literated, as it promises to be within
a few years, our cattle business will
be practically obliterated with it. But
we venture to say that there will be
more money made on the future small
and closely fenced small ranches than
ever was mad on the larger ones.
These ranches, like Mr. Robinson's
will be run on scientific principles,
principles where science is as exactly
applied as in any other business.
CRUELTY TO TINKEBERS.
The word "prohibited" is a strong
word, readily understood by every
body. It is a definite term. It lacks
suavity. It has punch. When it Is
used in the title 6r body of a law
there can be no doubt as to the erec
tion of a bar against certain acts.
Mr. U'Rren objected to the use of
the word "prohibited" in the title
of the proportional representation
amendment submitted again this year
to the voters. The amendment would
prohibit the voters from voting for
more than one candidate for the
lower house of the Legislature, al
though in some counties he has been
accustomed to voting for several. In
Multnomah the elector now votes for
thirteen.
Most voters form their judgment of
a bill or amendment by reading the
ballot title. Probably 5 to 10 per
cent read the act itself and the argu
ments in the pamphlet. Therefore
anything in the title of a doubtful
measure that reveals its purpose at a
glance is not appreciated by its
sponsors. Mr. U'Ren has gained his
point. The proposal partly to dis
franchise the voters in many legisla
tive districts in Oregon is to be stated
in less definite terms.
The term "proportional representa
tion" is in itself a misnomer. The
scheme presented is for indefinite
representation. The members of the
Legislature elected under it would
represent no given locality and would
be unable to identify their constitu
ents in the event they desired to
sound opinion on some newly arisen
Issue.
It will be a bad day for U'Rrenism
when ballot titles are made short,
positive, definite. But just now
bluntness in ballot titles is considered
cruelty to lawgivers. We are indeed
a humane people.
MARK TWAIN'S BOYHOOD HOME.
Great preparations are under way
at Hannibal, Missouri, Mark Twain's
boyhood home, to celebrate the erec
tion of his monument next Fall. It is
only eighty years since the incompar
able novelist was born, and many of
his youthful companions are still
alive. They will naturally have con
spicuous parts in the dedication cere
monies. To have known Mark Twain
when he was a boy Is almost as se
cure a title to fame as to have been
with Grant at the fall of Richmond.
His glory is so secure and its splen
dor brightens so fast that it irradiates
everybody who had any connection
with the great man himself in
the days when his character was
forming. Mark Twain drew the ex
ternal material for his two" master
pieces from the scenes of his boyish
adventures around Hannibal and from
his later experience as a" pilot on the
Mississippi. "Tom Sawyer," the first
of these wonderful books, was pub
lished in 1876. The other, "Huckle
berry Finn," appeared in 1885, nine
years later. One year after the pub
lication of "Huckleberry Finn" Pro
feftror Richardson gave a grateful
world the first edition of his "Ameri
can Literature," In which he deals
out to each of our authors his meed
of fame and fixes forever his place
among the deities of Olympus.
In this work Professor Richardson
gave Petroleum V. Nasby a full page
and two and a half pages to Josh
Billings. Mark Twain was disposed
of in four meager lines as a "privi
leged comedian," whose hold on the
memory of the world was too slight
to last long. The erudite professor
was too polite to call Mark Twain
an ephemeral buffoon, but that was
what he meant. His judgment ranks
with that of the Eastern sages who
called Lincoln an Ignorant country
bumpkin. It was the fashion in those
days to deify the New England school
of writers with a liberal handout of
praise to Washington Irving. Poe was
despised. Walt Whitman was looked
upon as Indecent. Mark Twain was
condescendingly patronized. Longfel
low stood at the head of our litera
ture, beside Hawthorne, while Oliver
Wendell Holmes ranked but little be
low the two Joves. Today, many of
these Judgments have been reversed.
In the opinion of many good Judges
Whitman is the greatest American
writer. Poe comes next to him as a
poet, while Hawthorne and Mark
Twain are beyond all comparison our
two greatest novelists. o mucn xor
Contemporary critics.
"Tom Sawyer" is the epic of Amer
ican boyhood. It is written for eter
nity, because it records the evolution
of a human soul In the form of an
enchanting tale. It is conceived on a
grand scale and executed with bril
liant genius. The narrative Is In
tensely dramatic, fhe movement of
the plot exhilaratingly swift, the cli
max perfect. "Tom Sawyer" exhibits
in little the characteristics which Ijve
made the typical American the world's
wonder and peril. His thirst for ad
venture is insatiable. His activity tire
less, his conscience scarcely rudimen
tary. He lays out "deals" with the
calm expertness of a trust magnate
and executes them with a deliberate
disregard of right and wrong, which
would do credit to a New: Haven
financier. He understands his play
mates' psychology with uncanny ac
curacy and moves them about like
little pawns on a chessboard. Nature
has revealed to him all the moves in
the game and at the proper time he
makes them, one after another, with
out remorse or pity. The greatest
marvel of it all is that his playmates
adore him while he plunders and sub
dues them. "Tom Sawyer" Is middle
class America painted on a mammoth
canvas by the hand of a master. Mark
Twain's other unapproachable novel,
"Huckleberry Finn." compasses a
more extensive action and its psy
chology is more broadly human. Tom
was a well brought up boy, with all
the advantages of Sunday school and
sermons. His triumphant career of
exploitation exhibits the cultural ef
fects of those advantages upon the
middle-class soul as Mark Twain saw
them. Huck Finn ran wild.
His father was a drunken thief.
His playmates were by preference the
miscellaneous scalawags of the town.
Tom Sawyer knew him well and liked
him, but it was with a clandestine
and guilty passion. Huck had no re
ligion and no morals. Humbug and
"holy bunk" never imposed upon him.
Whatever he wanted to do he did
without any twinges of conscience and
he was perfectly willing to allow
everybody else the same privilege. The
novel, "Huckleberry Finn," gives, for
one thing, a picture of life on the
Mississippi at the time when it was
most gloriously adventurous, but this
is merely the setting of its real theme.
Just as In Tom Sawyer Mark Twain
portrayed the typical successful Amer
ican, so in Huck Finn he portrayed
his ideal of the Utopian human being.
Huck is Mark Twain's superman. He
exhibits the cool superiority to right
and wrong of Nietsche's "blonde
beast," but he does not stop with
that. Nietzsche's superman is gross,
cruel and not a little stupid. Mark
Twain's is as delicate as Ariel,
infinitely tender, and cunning as the
arch-fiend. He steals, lies and cheats
with all the confidence of that famous
"Christian with four aces in his
hand," but never with base designs.
Huck Finn is noble in his depravity
and all his sins are magnificently
generous. His innocence is satanlc.
His confiding faith is satirical as
Mephlstophleles. Through Huck's
wickedly trustful eyes Mark Twain
looks out upon the world and analyzes
its humbuggery down to the last
melancholy dregs. Every sentence in
the book is an angel's spear, deftly
and lightly touching some fatuous
whispering toad, which forthwith
leaps up in the form cf a hateful
devil.
Mark Twain's humor was not
wholly understood at first by his
countrymen, because It was so keenly
satirical. While he set them all laugh
ing his own soul was on fire with
fury over their sins. But greater than
his humor, with all Its hold on eter
nal truth, was his unconquerable pity.
It sobs in undertones all the way
through Huck Finn's adventures. The
poetess who died with her best song
unsung, the "splendid young men"
who perished in the senseless feud,
the Duke and King, those irretrieva
ble wrecks of men Mark Twain
laughed at all of them, but he laughed
with secret tears.
THE SUBCONSCIOUS MIND.
In his new book on "The Psychol
ogy of Orthodoxy," Dr. E..L. House,
formerly of Portland, has collected
from various sources some interesting
remarks on the subconscious mind.
"The subconscious mind," he says, "is
the natural self, the conscious mind
is the artificial self." He clinches the
point by adding that "Conscious ac
tion is always weak." To illustrate this
observation, which will appear dubi
ous to some readers, Dr. House con
trasts two addresses which he gave
on certain public occasions. One was
delivered in Greenville, South Caro
lina, where he happened to be with
his regiment Just after the close of
the Spanish war. There was an un
expected call upon him to celebrate
the new fraternity between North and
smith ami rhoueh he had not an in
stant for preparation, he tells us that
it "was the best address he ever made
in eloquence and effect." A little non
plused at first, perhaps, his opening
uontncf. was badlv chosen, but then
his "subconsciousness came to his
rescue" and all went well. At an
other time Dr. House was to address
some sort of a religious congress and
a few hours before his effort an in
cautious friend said to him, "Now,
Dr. House, it is up to you to do the
big thing tonight." This made him
self-conscious and his speech fell com
paratively flat.
We gather from Dr. House's book,
in a general way, that he does not
think a great deal of the conscious
mind with its cumbrous apparatus of
observation and reason. In this par
ticular he is like many other men of
theological predispositions. Reason, or
the intelligent use of our conscious
faculties, never has been in high
favor among that class of thinkers.
They much prefer intuition, which is
the instrument through which the
subconscious reaches results. Our au
thor is of the opinion that "the sub
conscious mind takes knowledge of its
environment by means independent of
the physical senses." It not only
works up its material by intuition,
but, what is far more wonderful, it
perceives by intuition." In other
words, the subconscious part of us
has some way of obtaining knowledge
without the use of sight, hearing and
the other senses. This view contra
dicts Locke, Kant and a long list of
great thinkers, who insist that the
contents of the mind are obtained
solely by ordinary sensation. Kant
admitted that the forms of thought
were inborn, but not the contents. Dr.
House teaches that the subconscious
mind obtains at least a part of Its
contents by a sort of direct action
upon the environment.
This is a strange doctrine. It goes
far beyond the notion of telepathy,
which assumes the existence of some
sort of mental waves not unlike the
subtle vibrations of the light-bearing
ether. Whatever the nature of these
waves may be they are as physical as
iron and they reach the mind by a
method not unlike ordinary sense ac
tion. If waves of light could act upon
the brain directly without the inter
vention of the eyes the perception of
them would still be strictly by sense
activity. Dr. House evidently means
that the subconscious mind has some
other means of obtaining knowledge,
a means which does not require the
help of the brain or the intermedia
tion of ether waves. If this method
actually exists it seems odd that the
lower animals, which depend heavily
upon the subconscious and do not
reason at all. should not use it. Why
has evolution taken the trouble to
develop sense organs in the crow and
the cow If their subconscious mental
ities can reach out immediately into
the world and gatrier knowledge as
thev need it? If this direct way of
accumulating information were as re
liable as Dr. House believes It is, why
has it sunk out of sight almost com
pletely in man and fallen into abey
ance among the beasts? It is well
known that the beasts' senses are far
keener than ours. Although we de
pend almost entirely upon our eyes,
ears and so on for external knowl
edge, these organs are comparatively
dull in human kind. The dog and
the fox can outsmell us a hundred
times over. Just as the eagle can out
see us. Why has nature taken such
measureless Dains to develop the
sense organs if they are really super
fluous after all? If Dr. House is
right upon this point, either nature
herself or her supervisor has been
blundering fearfully all down through
the creative ages.
There is but little ground for be
lieving that our subconscious part can
receive knowledge in any way except
through the senses, although it must
be premised that there may be sense
organs and nerves of which we have
at present no conception. The only
path to the subconscious Is through
the conscious and in the lower ani
mals even this path has long been
nearly closed. In ages now forgotten
they stored away a certain quantity
of knowledge in their nascent mental
ities. When Just so much had been
accumulated the process stopped for
ever. They gain nothing and they
lose nothing. They are consummate
Bourbons, who neither learn nor for
get. The contents of -their subcon
sciousness, such as It is, passes from
one generation to another absolutely
unaltered. With the man the case Is
different. The stores carried in his
subconsciousness are continually be
ing augmented. The senses gather it
in. For a time it is used consciously
and. as Dr. House truly says, awk
wardly and weakly. But little by lit
tle it sinks down into the subcon
scious, where it becomes a permanent
possession. We become virtuosos in
the use of our mental wealth In pro
portion as the subconscious takes con
trol of it. "It has perfect memory,"
Dr. Hous well remarks; "it is the
residence of inspiration, invention and
genius." But the tale is only half told
so long as we neglect to add that U
is also the seat of demoniac possession,
of hysteria and suicidal melancholy.
The researches of modern psycholo
gists like Freud go far to convince us
that the subconscious is at best a
mixed blessing. In many instances it
acts amazingly like a curse.
BREAK IN THE SOLID SOUTH.
The oft-promised but as often post
poned break in the solid South may
have come at last as the direct result
of Democratic fidelity to principle.
In revolt against the reduction and
the prospective entire repeal of the
sugar tariff, Louisiana is in revolt
against the Democratic party, leading
Democrats are going over to the Pro
gressive party and the prediction is
made that one and possibly two dis
tricts will send Progressive Repre
sentatives to Washington next Fall
and that a landslide to the new party
will follow in 1916.
With the development of the new.
Industrial South, its interests have been
better served by the Republican than
by the Democratic party on the lead
ing issue the tariff. The conse
quence was that in 1894 Southern in
terests prevented the Democracy from
carrying out its own distinctive pol
icy. Knowing that the danger to
their own interests arose from Demo
cratic supremacy, the Southern states
have continued to support the Demt'
cratlc party for no other reason than
that they fear the negro's political
supremacy.
A new party under a new name,
which would promote their real in
terests, was the only means of induc
ing them to cease supporting the
Democratic party from habit and tra
dition, but against conviction. That
habit, once broken, is not likely to be
resumed. Since the Progressive party
is vanishing in the North and West,
its accessions of strength in the South
give no promise of raising it to Na
tional supremacy. It may serve only
as the bridge across which the ntw
South may pass to the party which
will protect its industries, tmt which
has no thought of enthroning: the
negro as ruler over the race which
formerly held him In slavery.
WILSON'S FIGHT WITH THE SENATE.
President Wilson is engaged in a
tug-of-war with the Senate in regard
to the appointment of Paul M. War
burg and Thomas D. Jones as mem
bers of the Federal Reserve Board.
In both cases the Senate's dignity and
prerogatives are Involved, though in
different ways. The Senate commit
tee on banking and currency reported
favorably on the three other appoint
ive members of the Board without
having personally questioned them,
but It summoned Mr. Jones and Mr.
Warburg to appear for examination.
Mr. Jones appeared, explained his
connection with the harvester trust,
and the committee voted against his
confirmation by a vote of seven to
four. All the Republican members,
Messrs. Bristow, Nelson, Crawford,
Weeks and McLean, and two Demo
crats, Messrs. Hitchcock and Reed,
voted against him, and four Demo
crats, Messrs. Pomerene, Lee, Hollis
and Shafroth, voted for him.
Chairman Owen, who is in Europe,
cabled that he favored confirmation,
but his vote would not have changed
the result.
The President is now lining up tho
Democrats in favor of Mr. Jones' con
firmation in spite of the committee's
adverse report, and is said to have
assurances of success by a close vote,
his lieutenants knowing of only two
Democrats who will oppose him.
Mr. Warburg refused to appear be
fore the committee on the ground
that he and Mr. Jones had been sin
gled out for examination, and he
asked the President to withdraw his
appointment. This drew from the
President an appeal to him not to
withdraw and a public statement of
Mr. Warburg's fitness for the office
and of the reasons of public policy
why he should be confirmed. The
President is now engaged in a fight
for a favorable report on Mr. War
burg, and. falling that, for confirma
tion in face of an unfavorable report,
but the committee is determined to
defer action until doomsday, if neces
sary, unless Mr. Warburg appears be
fore it. The majority of the commit
tee and of the entire Senate is said
to be favorable to his confirmation,
provided he appears and answers sat
isfactorily questions as to his views
on finance. A Washington dispatch
to the New York Evening Post says:
But the Senators who would vote for his
confirmation say today that they will not
do it so long as Mr. Warburg refuses to
obey the committee'a request to appear be
fore it personally. What Is desired, chiefly,
Is the form of his appearance, and obedi
ence to the committee's request. There is
apparently no desire to cross-examine him
severely or ask humiliating questions. The
large body of men In the Senate concede
that Mr. Warburg Is the best equipped of
all the men Mr. Wilson has selected for the
Reserve Board.
The controversy about Mr. Warburg
has thus resolved itself Into one be
tween dignity and Senatorial preroga
tive. Mr. Warburg considers that he
has been humiliated by being singled
out for personal examination. He did
not seek the office, for its salary is
of small consequence to him, his in
come from Kuhn, Loeb & Co. being
estimated at $400,000 a year; the of
fice sought him, and his willingness
to accept is ascribed to a readiness to
render public service. Having seen
Mr. Jones cross-questioned about his
connection with the harvester trust
and then turned down, he anticipates
a similar examination as to the affairs
of his bank and rather than submit to
such a humiliation he would rather
draw out altogether.
The committee considers that it is
simply upholding the prerogatives of
the Senate and that It cannot yield
without establishing a precedent,
which -would restrict its power In all
future cases where appointments are
under consideration. The President
made his selections for the Federal
Reserve Board without regard to in
dorsements by Senators, thus ignoring
a custom which has grown up with
regard to appointments in general.
He chose men whom he believed, from
his own knowledge or from inquiry,
to be qualified for the office. The
Senate may be piqued at his action
and may have chosen .this means of
conveying to him that it cannot thus
be brushed aside with impunity. Sen
ators may point out that the wording
of the Constitution, which is adopted
in the currency law, requires that ap
pointments be made by the President
"by and with the advice and consent
of the Senate" and they may contend
that these words require that "advice
and consent" shall be sought by the
President before, not after, his choice
is made. Thus not only is the Sen
ate's dignity hurt, but its prerogatives
may be impaired at another point.
Because prerogative is involved, this
controversy may prove a supreme test
of the President's influence over his
party in the Senate. In such cases
the older members particularly are
disposed to think of the Senate first
and of party afterwards. Republican
members can serve both Senate and
party by opposing him. if onough
Democrats stand by him in such u
controversy to carry his point, he will
have given the strongest possible evi
dence of dominance over his party.
From a public standpoint this con
troversy Is deplorable, for several rea
sons. It delays installation of the
reserve bank system and thereby ob
structs that business revival which is
Just beginning. It threatens to de
prive the country of some of the- best
financial brains in the delicate work
of transformation. It prolongs that
era of suspicion of our business lead
ers, whereby the public hus been de
prived of their aid in solving the many
complex problems of readjusting the
relations of business to the law. It
comes at a time when encouraging
progress was being made in the Pres
ident's policy of conciliation, and
threatens to gUe that policy a severe
setback. Should the Senate gain Its
point, the ablest men would refuse to
serve on the Federal Reserve Board
and the President would have to fall
back on men of inferior grade to fill
an office which requires the best the
country can offer.
An Obcrlin College professor thinks
he has discovered why boy go wrong,
and he sums up the reasons In the
following:
City life, which Is artificial.
Tenements and flat, which have sup
planted home.
Too few playgrounds, parks ami recrea
tion spaces.
The average policeman, whom the boy
regarda as hla foresworn enemy.
The courts, which are stem and machliie
llke, and seem to the boy to be trampling
Mm down.
The present day school aystem. which Is
an Inflexible one. without apeclallaatlon and
larking courses Intereallng to many boys.
Recreation is unregulated.
Boys are exploited by child labor
Divorces by parents dr!e them to the
street
Yet If all the evils which this sap
lent professor enumerates were elim
inated, and all the remedies adopted,
there would be bad boys, probably
nearly as many as now. The real rea
sons lie deeper in human nature.
On stated Saturdays, a Kan Fran
cisco newspaper will turn its editor
ial management over to a representa
tive of some group or shade of
thought to run as he pleases. The
drys and the wets and the several
political parties are each to have a
day. There will be a single tax num
ber, a feminist number, an open shop
number, a closed shop number, a de
velopment number, and so on. 'But
why confine the plan to stated Sat
urdays? California has more cults
and theories represented among Its
people in proportion to population
than any other state In the Union.
There will not be enough Saturdays
to go round in the present generation.
New York City congratulates Itself
on a death rate for one week of 10.80
per thousand, compared with 40.62
in the corresponding week of 1901
and a rate of 14.16 for the first twenty-seven
weeks of 1914, compared
with 14.94 In the corresponding period
of 1913. The Improvement Is attrib
uted to the increased efficiency of the
Health Department, but it is probably
due partly to the restricted activity
of gunmen and gangs since Mr. Whit
man landed four men in the electric
chair and since Tammany lost control
of the city.
The offer of the State Highway Commis
sion to help Hood River County build th"
Columbia Highway provided the county
voted $75,000 bonds for that road, on the
face of It, looks very much like offering
a bribe. True, the Commission Is helping
other counties build roads, but It Is not
making such offers on the eve of elections
as an Inducement to get voters to vote
for a bonding measure. Salem Capital -Journal.
Let us make a law to prohibit, on
penalty of life-Imprisonment, the ex
penditure of any public moneys at
any place more than five miles dis
tant from the State Capitol.
They are expelling An American
newspaper correspondent from Mex
ico for lying about the American sol
diers. Why not have punished him
by making him stay?
Gasoline is down, taxies are cheap,
and there are autos for hire at every
corner. Yet some people Insist on
walking, and getting in the way.
Cheer up. Remember that six
months ago you were talking longing
ly about the mild Summers.
They won't even let Knowles take
along a thermometer. We wonder
how Adam got along.
Secretary Bryan is still in Wash
ington. The Chautauqua ain't what
it used to be.
They cannot find those Baker
County lynchers. Where Is Fern
Hobbs?
We shall expect Joe Knowles, the
nature man, to give us only the naked
truth.
Well, anyway, the nights are cool
somewhere
The City Commission is doing great
work In closing" the deadfalls.
Where is Oswald West?
Gleam Through the Mist
By Urti Cilia..
Ijimeat of lb Mai-et-rle
'TIs Summer on the land and 'tis sun
on the sea.
And everybody has a vacation but me;
So now muat 1 lament, and wall with alt
my might.
(Albeit It I am usually very merry vtaftl)
Helgh-ho! Cousin Mary's at th aaa.
(1. 1st to the wall I wall):
Where the sand fleas flee and the warm
kicks free
In the teeth of the booming gall
And Mary Is tanned on arms and throat.
Aa brown as the brown, bright L.blan seal
Her little noae painfully peels alas.
And she Is a sight In the looking-glass.
And she spendetb her hoard cf kale
But 1. In bitter and deep dejection.
Remain In town with the same complexion.
And save my sslary. (Wo Is ms!
List to the wall I wall.)
Off to the mountains Is Brother Joe
i List la the wall I wain.
Where the rivers flow and tha fishes a
With a flick of the silvery tall.
And Brother Joe, through the long hour,
fights
Against mosqultnrs and black-anat bite.
And fishes the streams like a sorry dub.
And risks ptomaine In his pickled grab.
And lacketh hla beer and ale:
While I stay at home, like a lasy lout.
And go to the grill and have fresh trout.
And sleep n a screened porch peacefully
(List to the all I wall.)
In Europe Sal friend enjoys a trip
(LJet to the wall I wall).
In the land where you slip the geuerous tip
To hirelings cowering and pale.
Through art museums his way he takes
And uelks till each poor foot aches and
achos.
And darts, like a waterbug. to and fro
To see It all, ere he has to go.
And he llveth on ; . a- and rati;
While I, at home, see the self same acene
As It live and breathes on the movie erreen.
I risk no seaalckneae on the aea.
(List to the wall I wall i
Ah! sad am I with my fingers crossed
(List to the wall I wall)
For the Joys 1 lost and the hopes I've tossed
And the vlsloiu that I've seen fall.
While others roam. I muat stick at home.
With r.othlnc to worry my weary dome.
And the sunburnt shore and the ocean's roar.
Or th foreign land or the woodland lore.
Are only a fancy pale.
So I sigh. -Ilo-ho!" and I groan. He-hel"
O'er the fate that hath been dealt out to
me.
And I eat sour (rapes with avidity.
LI.: to the wall I wall.)
e e s
"Sir." aald tha courtaous offlca boy.
"when we opaned our basket at the pic
nic yesterday we discovered that lh
delicatessen had put In everything but
the coffee "
"Yea, yes, my son." 1 encouraged,
"and hjw did you remedy the omla
alon?" "Sir. I cannot tell a lie." responded
the C. O. B. bravely. "We made our
coffee on the ground " ( net '
And 10 minutes later, when hla mean
ing got inside my blrd-coae. I bit the
edge off the paste pot In a burat of Im
potent fury.
tNote: Wheeies of this type are still
regarded as strong stuff on the Chautauqua
circuits, but to me they are only additional
proof of the abysmal depths to whl.li
humanity may fall.)
Holenia iii. -.in in
The tumult ami the shouting dlea.
And peace may settle should It isre to.
But st til remains ihls mild surmlee;
"Now. Huerta. where to?"
m
Mexican Society Melee.
His Ex-eellency. the ax-president
Huerta, owing to the atreaa of tha pres
ent seaaon, has cancelled all etmaga
mcnta and Will seek retirement from
the social whirl.
It la poeslble that an Informal aur
prise assassination may be given In hla
honor by hla loving friends before hla
Intended departure frym Mexico, al
though thta la not yet certain.
Senor Carbajal. who auccaeda to tha
social primacy hitherto enjjyed by
Senor Huerta. has made small an
nouncement of hla plana. Ruroora go,
however, thut the functlone of the fu
ture will be conducted with Icee of the
pleasing abandon of Md an may In
time become very atmliar to the little
socials held In the United State. It
la even rumored that Senor CarbaJal
and Senor Oarrans will not attempt
to continue the rivalry which once
gave Mexico such an unparalleled serlra
of delightful aolreea.
Reports are also to th effect that
Gen. Villa may cancel many if the
pleasant little afternoon maeaacrea
with which he Intended to algnallse hla
entrance Into the aociety of Mexico
City.
On that account many of our young
social Hone have countermanded their
orders I the fashionable undertaker
of the city far mahogany dre suits,
since these may ceaae to be the cor
rect thing at social function in th
near future.
see
Reflections of V Mttav.
Everyone ha vice. Horn chaw
terbae.eer and aome keep pasterin"
around keepln' them reminded that It
la a filthy weed.
Prohibition la goln' to maki K
mighty hard for aome por cmvlct to
find a likely explanation or tne caua
cf their fall.
e
Kduratiesial Vpllft.
Sir: A party called yeterday to ln
pect our ga meter and after h left
I missed two et of llverware. And
yet you advocate a coura In our public
achoola to teach the Element f
Piracy: Youra very truly,
Peevich Cittsan.
a a. Alo the company nt
me Its bill today, which ha nothing to
do with the visit of the prevlou day
I tell yju we don't need uch our
in our school. P. C.
e
Approximate History.
31 277 B. C Commtlonr Ston
Cheek In Antedeluvla can Third A
atstant Dodo tender for appearing with
burdock In hla beard.
kii R. C, Roman establish republic
and politician begin practicing how to
point with pride" and to view wun
alarm."
61 A. D. Rjme burned. Jsaro origi
nate pretty little tmialeal theme later
developed Into the classic. "Hot Tim
in the "Old Town."
1812 A. D Harriett Ueecher 8towe
born, patron alnt of rod companla
and ' town hall tonlgnt. uicoverer oi
the original little Eva, who haa alnce
K..n imnroved upon by various com
panies that carried their own band
and a brace of real bloodhound.
1883 A D. Edward Fttggrraid. prom-
,.i nromoter of Perlan grouch phil
osophy anoVaoua poetry, die. Hi
. -.111 II.. . anii
par.vdlat. however, mmm "
debuntante. tlll keep thumb-nail
copies of Omar under their piliowe.
1911-12-1S-1 A. D Mex. Sit. Whoa!
It really doea look aa though the statu
r. to the south of ua la getting a
trifle nearer the normal temperatur
Reports of Huerta' Imminent realgna
.int, which have been prevalent for
the past 18 months, finally confirmed.