THE SUXDAX OREGOyiAX, PORTLAND, JTjryE 21, 1914.
A fecordfclntricdteAchfewment s
dnwnerican baenlist.
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B ROBERT H. MOULTON. theory Is based on the fact that molten Kree of rielditv which the earth oos- revealed SO of these variations, which determine the elements in far oimant !!! nn nnt Vnnar thm hi n t a mntlAIt anuivilant In An A flvA mltllnnt ha nf !
THEKB la a man In Chieara who lava is thrown forth by erupting- vol- season. corresponded almost exactly with the stars. It has made possible tremedoua- of the earth. In 1880 Professor Mich- Inrh. The microscope haa bean of lm-
can measure one-five millionth of canoes. Also, In descending- a. mine. The next step was to determine the variations obtained theoretically by ly Important discoveries concerning- the elson attacked the problem of deter- mensa value both In aclentirie work and
uiDuuiba auxuuuLtuK vu l'"--. V to a nn iu icuiVCIBlure, U Ji uliuhi udikiil til llltf UUGH. Ilia tuiiK CTIIIDU11MK L II R TariAUUUH I II ma nature OI &IUIDB. TUB minute DartlCieB Ot mining mni nn r I ha r I h with In IIa a lha InvanMnn r
proved the stumbling block. If shore tractive forces exerted by the Bun and which all matter is composed. reference to the ether, the all-parvad- the Interferometer, an Increment
lines were perfectly, straight and the moon. The practical correspondence of The difficulties of spectrum analysis log medium that fUla Interstellar apace, tlmea mora powerful ie In Itself an
floor of the ocean perfectly level, the the actual height of the tides with the will be realised when It la learned that All of us have noticed thU whan achievement that should win for I'm-
neie.it vl ine uo.es couia oe raeasurea theoretical height proved that the a single atom of aodfum emits 800,000.
directly; but crooked shore lines and earth through and through Isas rigid 00.000 vibrations per second of two
on the surface of the earth. However, shelving beaches resist the motion or as steel and that It yields to outside slightly different kinds of light. Pro
despite the high temperature, the In- tn t'des and make It Impossible to de- forces as a perfectly elaotlo body and feasor Mlchelson was engaged In apec-
Une standard meter so accurately that terior of the earth may be held In lermine tneir neignr. witn me accuracy not as a viscuoua mass. - trum analysis very long before he lm-
Lhis figures cannot be subiect to a solid stats by the tremendous pressure demanded by science. This experiment reveals the lmagl- proved the spectroscope, calling the im-
tfautt exceedliur more than one Dart In to whlh " is subjected. Slr George Darwin made elaborate nation and the striking originality of proved type an echelon spnctroscopa.
snnnnnn w ,n. r..,-xi . - experiments to determine the height or Professor Mlchelson. The first achieve- This wonderful machine divides light
... . . .... . , ... rTAa- . , tno tlae. but was obliged to give up, ment to bring his name to the atten- Into its various constituents and makes
- the proDlem in despair. Professor Mich- tion of the scientific world was his ao- possible their separate analysis.
oi error not more tnan one- loruetn " , ' , " , " e'son solved this amiculty by laying curate determination of the velocity of The echelon spectroscope uses a glass
- Slim A thnt a hoatTonlw K-i TrloriiilHiTi. . r r 0
lof 1 per cent of the auantlty meas- " ' " two lengtns or pipe, eacn sou xeet long, light, accomplished also after ovarcom- grating a piece of highly polished
Hired and light files 188,330 miles a v- v. TuT C , Z. . ncl measuring the rise and rail or the ing tremendous experimental dlfficul- glass on which la ruled from fifteen
.econd-and, as a crowning aohleve- " f r Z . " " SSar--UnfiWj:" ties- ht-is the fastest thing In na- thousand to fifty thousand straight.
ture; It represents the absolute limit equally spaced lines to the loch. To
of speed. After four years of work and make these grating Professor Mlchelson
study, Professor Michelson announced Invented a ruling engine that la the
that light travels with a velocity of most accurately constructed mechan
186,330 miles per second. The maximum leal device in the world. It la oper-
error In this figure does not exceed ated In a room the temperature of
Sy?sS ran 'j A?ttt'rtf riffsi ax
Bne-flftleth of the smallest distance re
pealed by a theoretically perfect micro
scope. He can rule on a piece of pol
ished glass, one inch wide, 50,000
tralght, parallel lines, equally spaced.
Ba has determined the length of
lng to SO degrees per mile of descent.
If this rate of increase is constant,
the temperature at only 100 miles down
Is attove the melting point of all sub
stances under conditions as they exist
tivwiuuK ' on all sides of It. In this wav la da- 1c 1 nnIh h r,H h
sent, he has determined the rigidity termlned the earth's course around the length east and west, in order to meas-
sun and the motion of the entire solar ure the tides in both directions. The
system through space. Assuming that pipes were burled six feet under
the earth is not a solid mass, scientists ground to obtain a uniform tempera
have long struggled to discover how it ture.
(Df the earth.
This man is -the first American to
receive the Nobel prize in science and
the only American who has- ever re
ceived the Copley medal of the Royal
Society of London. Despite achieve
ments that are staggering in their
significance, this man's name is little
known outside of scientific circles. He
wo one-forUeth of 1 per cent. The ac- which la kept constant to within ona-
P"nB ana stars wneiner as .nserteo. navmg glass winaows lor OD- curaev of this mav better be Indeed hnnrfrrfth aC a Arr
walking through the rain, although It fesaer MlchoUon undying ftmt.
is actually falling vertically, aeema to Ha used this Instrument .o aid him
ba falling at an angle, tba degree of In maaaurlng the standard mMr, the
thle apparent deflection depending upon foundation of the inatrlo rtm. In
the apeed with which wa have moved, terma at Infinite exactitude and In a
Looking out the window ef a fast- manner that will make thlt unit re
moving train, scientists have noticed a petual. The original metrr length la
aimilar deflection la the angle of the carefully preserved at Tarls; hut arl-
light coming to the earth from soma antlata hare long worried over the pa
far distant star. As the medium that slblllty of Its deatructlon. la ! en
carries the light between heavenly International commission on weiahls
bodies la the ather, eclentlau argue that and tneaauree asked Profet.or MU hei-
the deflection la due to the relative son to devise aoma method by whirr, the
motion ot tba earth through the ather. meter length could ta accurately re-
Prof esaor Michelaon eventually over- produced. The meter Is theoretically
cams the tremendoua experimental dlt- one forty-millionth of lha earth ir-
ficultiaa In connection with this prob- cumforeoce; but thle definition la nut
lem; but no motion of the earth with accurate enough for scientific purposes.
reapact te the ether waa found. Thle Professor Mlchelson annoilnrrd the
reault came as a profound eurprlaa to length of the mater In terms nf r li
the entire aalentlflo world. It does not mlum light wares, with a mailmum
a viscous mass or as a perfectly elas- servatory purposes. The pipes were when ,t ,a Btated tnat although light To assist In analysing the lines of men that the no motlOB relatively error ot ene part la two millions. This
mv v , . , .. I ,T war. i. travels at a speed equivalent to more the spectrum Into their fundamental
They iave long known that the in the height of the water were ob-. th mrn tn- .a-th ,!,.,. T.,r . vi.h.i... ..
Is Albert Abraham Mlchelson, Ph. D., earth did resist these forces in some tained by measuring through a micro- th t-. .u. !,.. .
Be. D., VLJ., professor and head of degree. The ocean tides which sweep scope the distance between a pointer In- sor MIchelaon's figure does not exceed chine as complicated and as 'delicate ror thu n"w condition
ue"" --"""1. c mo uu- our snores iwjco oauy are proor or J" unoer tuo auna.ee ot tue tna dlBtance a man could walk In a as the linotype machine. By its use an
yersity of Chicago. this. It has long been known that the water and the image of the pointer re- 8jnB;i day. assistant can In a few minutes make
Professor MIchelaon's experiments to tides are caused by the attraction of fleeted above the water. ' calculations that would take a skilled
idetermlne the rigidity of the earth are the sun and the moon. If the earth The maximum tides in these pipes Gn tne BllbJect of spectrum analysis, computer weeks to accomplish.
Intensely Interesting. Science has long offered no resistance to this attrac- did not exceed one-thousandth of an Professor Michelson haa devoted manv Sciantuts have Ion endeavored to
needed to know the physical proper- tion, the whole earth would respond inch; but so perfect was the apparatus of the best years ot nig hfe Spectrum determine the absolute motion of the CO tlmea more powerful than an abao- eclence. The reault of Profea.or Mich,
ties of this globe. It Is impossible to quickly to it and there would be no hd so accurate the readings by Pro- anaiyBia mg tg mo tg mD mfWypcmfw earth through space. It -la known that lutely perfect microscope would be. The elsone experiments with reference la
learn this directly, as the deepest tides. On the other hand, if the earth fessf Michelson that all the variations anaiyses are obtained by means of the the earth swings around the sun and microscope's power Is limited by the the motion of the earth haa raleed
mines yet sunk penetrate less than were a perfectly rigid body, it would "lne Tides are comnlex thinirs Their spectroscope. Every substance when that the entire solar system Is mov- length of a light wave, and the small
two miles below the surface, a dls- resist this attraction completely, and heighl varieB with the poslUo'n and heated emits a characteristic light. By Ing' toward the constellation Hercules eBt distance it can reveal is one-half
tance proportionately no greater than the tides would reach their maximum distance of both the sun and the moon, means of the spectroscope this light is at the rate of 13 miles per second, or a wave length, or one hundred thou
the thickness of the varnish on a two- height. The amount that the tides and, therefore, is never the same two analyzed and -the elements giving off 400,000,009 miles per year. However, a sandths of an Inch. By utilising the
loot globe. The interior of the earth fall short of their theoretical maxi- days In succession. the light are thereby revealed. The scientists have not yet been able to properties of light In another manner.
is believed to be Intensely hot. This mum height would measure the de- Professor MIchelaon's experiments spectroscope has enabled scientists to measure the motion of Hercules, they the Interferometer carl reveal distance
between the ecfth and the aurroundlng definition will alwara enable arlentlata
ether; but a number of basic scientific to reproduce the mater accurately, aa
thaorlea must be revised to account long as cadmium light ratalna Ita prnp-
artlee- which la aa long aa lha earth
ax lata.
In order to solve this problem Pre- Theae are the moat atrlklng arhletaj
feasor Mlchelson Invented a most mar- ments of America's Ireateit acientiet.
veloua Instrument, which ha called the Any ene ot them la sufficient tn par-
"Interferometer." Thla Inatrumant la petuate a man a name in the anna. a er
questions that It will take science many
years to answer aatlifaclorllr, and hie
determination of the rlcldlty of tba
earth haa made poaalble further and
mora wonderful prograaa In the sphere
nf celeetlal mechanic.
AjClaim?AntvDanc
1 houdht imtnolQndedLll.
IGGINS," said the superintend
ent, "here Is a claim. Go see
the fellow and settle as cheap
ly as possible.''
Robert Higgins, claim agent of the
B. D. & S. Railroad, took the letter
from the superintendent's band, and
read its contents, which were as fol
lows: '
Supt. B. D. & S. Railroad: Tore darn
Injine killed six uv my best steers. I
want yuh to pay darn quick.
BEN BOGGS.
The letter bore the address of a
whistling station up in the wildest re
gion of Wyoming.
"All right," said Higgins, "TH go out
there and settle with Mr. Bogga."
That evening he took the train, and
next morning be was at his destina
tion, Rawlins, and. alighting from the
cars, lacked around him. It did not
take very long to see all that was to
be seen, for the place consisted of
only one store, a hotel, two or three
even if he is a desperado and gun
fighter," remarked Higgins quietly.
"I can shoot a little myself,"
Hand over your gun and surrender. I
arrest you. In the name of tha law, for
rustling cattle."
It waa the Sheriff of the county, and
Bogga wilted. He handed over tha re-
'volver without a word of protest, while
In
atola the ateere, ae la not entitled
tha money."
"Alt rla-ht. Sheriff, and thank ,"
said HlKCina.
Tha Sheriff ailted his prisoner Into
the busar, sot In after him and drove
away; illazlns donned his tost and
met with the approval of all the men- escaped the lips of the onlookers. They
present, and so the matter having been were amazed that Higgins, who was so
settled, all adjourned to the open air, much smaller, should be able to knock
, - where the principals doffed their coats the big ruffian down, but they were
his revolver, and the, men In the room, Tfand rolled up their sleeves ready for well pleased, for they did not like
who evidently knew Boggs well, sidled business. By the time they were ready Botrers, who ' was quarrelsome when
Arnll an a u tn ha nut nf ranira nf him n eiarh- ha n nnnnl.H.n Ae T3ow
tapped his pocket significantly. weapon. Higgins saw these actions, Uns was on the ground, even to the Presently, Boggs rose to a sitting D"er'11 snappea a pair ot ii.nucun. wgnt to the hotel, while tha enectatnre
The landlord again shook his head and. knew that he waa In danger, but landlord of the hotel and the station posture and glared wildly around on his wrists and started to lead blm to dispersed, dlaruaalng escttedly tha
and looked Bober. he did not flinch. agent, there being no train due at that him. Then his eyea alighted upon hia buggy. He had driven up unob- thrashing Bonn had received at tha
"He'd git yuh, I'm guessin'," he said. He met the gaze of the fellow stead- time. Higgins and he remembered what had served Just aa Higgins knocked Boggs hands of tha claim aaent
"I'd mv almost anv amount in reason, ily. and advancing a couple of steps. The landlord acted as referee, and haonened. A erowl of ran escaned down. HlBBlns returned to Cheyenne and
leaned nis eiDow on tna oar, ana stand- when they were ready, he told them him, and he scrambled to his feet, "Hold on, said Higgins, addressing
Ing with his side half turned toward to go at it. No sooner was the word leaped te where his belt lay on his coat, the Sheriff. "Your prisoner claims pay
the man, aaid quietly: given than Bogga rushed upon his jerked the revolver out of the holster for some steers that a train killed.
"Don't get angry, Mr. Boggs. This smaller antagonist and made a fierce and was lust on the point of leveling I'm the claim a rent. To whom shall I
is a business proposition, and there attack, bur Higgins quickly sent him It, when his wrist was seized from be- pay the money?"
will be no ocoaslon for the shedding down for the count. hind, and a voice aaid In hia ear: "Keep It youraeif, for thrashing
an' not have any trouble with him."
"I wonder if he'll be in town to
day?" observed Higgins. "Or will I
have to go out to his place?"
"He'll likely be In today. I'd wait
here, if I were you."
"All right, I guess I will. The agent
and the section hands tell me that
Boggs drove the steers onto the track,
anyhow; and the agent says likely they
were rustled steers, and not his. So
I'm not going to pay him very much
for them."
"Better pay blm a rather stiff price
than hav 'lm put a bullet in yuh,
Mr. Higgins," was the reply.
The claim agent shook his head
grimly.
"We'll see about that," he said.
HigKins put in the day sitting
around, smoking and waiting. He was
out on the porch, about the mid-
of blood. Now, those steers were-"
"Them -steers were worth three hun
dred dollars!" cried Boggs, thumping
the bar viciously, "an' rm goin' to have
three hundred dollars fur 'em. So ye
might as well pay me, furst as last."
"Be calm, Mr. Boggs," said Higgins
quietly. "Let's talk this matter over.
I'm willing to pay you a reaaonabla
price for them, but "
With an exclamation of anger and
Impatience, the ruffian jerked out his
revolver and leveled it, the muzzle al
most touching Hlgglns's forehead.
"I don't want talk," Boggs snarled.
"I want money. Han" over thet three
Exclamations of wonder and delight
"Hold on, Bogga None of that, him," was the reply. "And, anyhow, ha
reported to the auperlntendent, who
waa well satisfied with the manner ef
aettlement.
"You, are a rood man for tha work.
Hlxglna," b aaid. "You handled tha
caae very wall Indeed."
(CopyrlKht. 1114 )
The Moods f Genevieve
n?io.the; reminiscent mood.
aloons. and about a dozen ramshackle die of the afternoon, when he saw a hundred, an do It quick!'
nouses.
Higgins interviewed the agent-operator
and general man-Of-all-work,
and Inquired about Boggs.
, . "He is a hard case," said the agent,
j "Where does he live?"
' "'Bout ten miles," motioning toward
the east.
"H7ml He sent in a claim for dam
ages for six steers that he says one
of our trains killed. Know anything
about ltr
"Only that if he had any steers he
must have rustled 'em."
"Ah he hasn't any stock of his own,
then?"
"No; only what he steals."
"Did the train kill some steer, that
e claimed as being his?"
"Maybe so. I know a train killed
five or six steers a couple of weeks
ago. The section hands say Boggs
drove the steers on to the track a lit
tle while before the train came along,
though."
"That soT I guess I'll Interview the
section hands."
Higgins did bo, and the men said
that they had seen . somebody drive
tbe steers onto the track, and while
they were so far away they could not
huge, whiskered ruffian ride up in
f front of a saloon about a hundred
yards distant, dismount and tie his
horse. As he did so,, the landlord,
who had stepped to the door, said:
"That's your man."
"I suspected as much." was the re
ply. "Tea, How d'y'uh like his looks?"
"He looks like he might be capable
of shooting a man up."
"Yes, especially when he's drlnkin'.
If yuh take my advice yuh'll go an'
have your settlement with him be
fore he gets tanked up."
Higgins nodded.
"That's a good Idea, I judge." Then
he rose, stretched, and stepping off
the porch, walked slowly toward the
-saloon.
When Higgins entered, Boggs was
standing at the bar, engaged in .the
pleasing pastime of filling himself with
bad whisky. He glanced at the claim
agent, nodded, and said: "How air ye,
stranger? Tha boys has Jest been
tellln' me that ye was In town. Glad
ter see ye. Got ther money ter pay
me fur them steers?"
"I guess so," was the reply, "that
Is If you don't want too much for
them."
"Three hundred dollars Is my price
fur them steers. Mister what's yer
name?"
"Higgins."
All right, Higgins. Jest hand out
Higgins knew that he was In great
danger, but still he did not show signs
of alarm.
"Be reasonable, Mr. Boggs," he re
plied. "Take that gun away. You
might pull the trigger too hard, and-r-"
"Then et would be good-bye Mr. Hig
gins," was the grim retort. "An1 I'm
mighty apt to pull thef trigger ef ye
don't dig up that three hundred purty
prompt, d'ye hear?"
Higgins was doing' some swift
thinking. Boggs had the drop on him,
and he realized that the desperado
would not hesitate to shoot him down,
as he threatened.
Still, he did not intend to pay three
hundred dollars for the steers, which
could not have been worth more than
one hundred and twenty-five at the
most. And he was trying to figure out
how he was going to manage the af
fair. Suddenly a thought came te him: He
was an expert boxer, and although
Boggs was 50 or 60 pounds heavier,
Higgins believed he could give the rut,
fian a thrashing In a fair fist fight,
so he said quietly:
. "I'll tell you what I'll do, Boggs."
v "What'U ye do?" gruffly.
"You want three hundred dollars for
the steers?"
"Yes, an' I'm groin' to have "
"I claim that the steers were worth
a hundred dollars," Interrupted Hig
gins, "but I'll make you this proposi-
be certain that It was Boggs, they $300, an' take a drink with me, aji' we'll tion: We will fight a 4alr and square
did not have any doubt that It was
he, as he had Bent In the claim for
damages.
Higgins then went to the hotel,
where he registered, ate breakfast,
and engaged the landlord In conversa
tion. He told him about Boggs and
his claim for damages for the steers,
and the landlord shook his head.
"Boggs Is a bad egg," he said. "He's
a terror, a gun-fighter, an' tf I was
in your place I'd settle with him at
his own figgers an' then hike out uv
town afore he got full on the money an'
wanted to be paid again."
"I'm not solas to let him, rob ine,
1
call it squar'.'
Higgins shook his head.
"Too much money, Mr. Boggs," he
said. "I can't allow you 850 apiece
for the steers. They weren't worth
more than $10 or $15 each."
fist fight, and if you whip me. I'll pay
you the three hundred dollars; while
if I whip you, I'll pay you only one
hundred. Come, what do you say?"
"That Til go ye," was the reply, with
a chuckle. "Wy, Mr. Higgins, ye won't
The face of the ruffian turned red be in et at all with me. Ye might as
with anger. He glared at the claim well pay me the three hundred dollars
agent fiercely. - an' be done with et-"
"What's that?" he cried. "D'ye mean He placed the revolver In his belt.
to insult me, Mr. Higgins? Them and Higgins drew a breath of relief.
Bteers was worth fifty dollars apiece. He had feared that the fellow might
VERY fiber of my being silently reminiscent mood gathers me in her
rejoicea when the reminiscent melting emorace. -neiax, yiaia to ceiie or memory, vivioiy a live, clamor-
mod steals with velvet tread me" "ne ' . n tor aupramacy. coma tha Intanaible
for a rehaaraal before tha audience of
the preeent.
"Oh. reminiscent mood, you are all
powerful." I rhapsodies, "and for onra
I will give myeelf to you." I drag out
a trunk from tha corner and remove Ita
cretonne covering. I lift the lid of
thla treasure chest, the only tanalhl
link which connects ma with the lira
that la paat and thla one. In another
moment I am elbow deep In relics nf
other days, like Jamea VVhltcomfc
Riley's character waa knae-deep in
June.
Letters! ' The living conlradlrllona ef
past sincerity. It la not with derlalon,
or even cyniclam, tha remlnlecent mood
amllee. In all tenderneaa, I lay them
back In the trunk-tary tomb, and witti
trembling flngara I reach for a' boa
that reveals collera rennanta, dance
orders, dinner favora, dried flowers and
football ecoree.
A doll with eyea that star at ma In
glaaay ooldneaa, and hair that reeem
blea the bargain counter variety of to
day la the neat object of my tender
regard.
"Don't feel dapreeeed." comae the
comforting whisper of tha dear rem
iniscent mood in tha gathering Bloom.
"DspreaeedT" I cry. "Never! I am
glad they are memories, and that I am
living In tha pulsating present. With
all my heart I love them, but I dn not
wlah them back again. I want tn
achieve, I want to accomplish. I want
to be a living part Of tha Brest echeme
of big thlnga. What rare I for butter,
fly cotilllona, ball gamea and school
girl lettara; I bad them ail In their
natural order, but now I want the real,
the aatiarylng achievement of a granite
purpoia"
Unnoticed and forlorn tumbles a lit
tle photo from tha over-heaped pile f
Slrllah treasures. I snatch It up and
hold It to tha laat feeble ray nf llshu
Tha pensive eyea of a frail alrl hems;
raie bark at me wltb aweet rblldieh
wletfulneea.
With rhoklng srulpa I continue tn
Base In tha little fare, until I have full
mastery over the clamoring teara that
threaten to escape. 'Xlh little girl ee f
of tha past, how I admire your tlmfclltr.
your childlike trust Have faith In ma;
I will not disappoint you. Forever mere
you ahall dwell near ma on my dr-eser.
Trooping forth from tha cobwebby and you ahall aea: yea you shall aea
and aympathize with tna iisat I am
making. You In your Innocence ran
pulsates with reveries of other days, Sorrowful not realise the cruel testa and danver
an' mars tne price rm goin to get rur pull too hard on tne trigger in his ecstasy as i Decome ner wining cap- ones, sorteneo oy tne nesting toucn oi mat nceei me, ina nuier oissppoim-
'em, too, or I'll have blood, d'ye hear anger, a-id that would have been the day afternoon. The twilight softens tive. All that is relentless and cold time, romantic ones that have lost their menta and tha defeated dreama. Hut
what I say, young feller?" end of Higgins. into dusk, the last shaft of sunlight in this world of struggle is dashed spontaneous power, but not their 1 shall conquer, and you must believe
His band, dropped to the Handle oJj Tha idea of a fight between tne two creeps into the corner: and hides, the Into oblivion, as i by mag-io, charm. Ail, these and more cry. out la me.'- .
t