6
THE SUNDAY OEEGOMAX, PORTLAND, JUNE 14, 1914.
POBTLAM), OREGON.
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PORTLAND, SOfDAY. JTXE 14, 1014.
IN THE LIGHT OF HISTORY.
Abolition of the Senate and the
veto power is one of the political de
mands of the Socialist National party
Platform. It Is found in no other. It
is to be presumed that largely the
theories concerning: the uselessness or
evil of the Federal Senate are the
same that pervade the minds of those
who would abolish the state Senate in
Oregon, yet the movement toward
that end Is by no means confined to
Socialists. Mr. TTRen, who, while
Socialist in thought, is Republican
by registration and Prohibitionist by
candidacy, is one of the leading advo
cates of abolishment of " the Senate,
and he also would dispense with the
veto power. If U'Renism is successful
in the reduction of the Legislature to
the uni-cameral system it is to be ex
pected that the Socialistic opposition
to the veto will follow in its wake as
an issue in Qfegon.
Some emphasis is here given to
Socialism's connection with abolish
ment of the Senate and the veto
power because Socialism does not as
a. rule take recognition of either hu
man nature or practical experience.
It rests solely on theory. Socialists
will cling to Socialist tenets regard
less of what experience may have
been had with them in the past. But
those who are not naturally Social
istic in thought, but have been car
ried away with the one-house legis
lative idea, may possibly not be be
yond conversion to a different opin
ion on the one subject if they will but
reflect upon the early history of their
own country.
Some who are favoring the amend
ment to abolish the Oregon Senate
may fancy that they are clinging to
something novel and revolutionary,
but they are not. The Continental
Congress had but one house. After
the Declarstion of Independence the
Federal Congress was uni-cameral for
eight years under the inglorious Arti
cles of Confederation. The Charter
of Pennsylvania from 1701 to 177.6
provided for but one house in the
Legislature and the State Constitution
carried on -the plan until 1790. Ver
mont originally copied largely from
the Pennsylvania Constitution and its
Legislature from 1776 to 1836 was
uni-cameral. Georgia originally had
the one-house system, which it aban
doned In 1789, after 11 years' experi
ence with it.
For the comfort of some others
who are occasionally broaching an
other "new idea" it may also be said
that Georgia, during the first 11
years of its statehood, had a consti
tutional provision imposing a, fine of
five pounds on every elector who di"d
"Hot vote, provided he had not a
reasonable excuse. It did not last.
The veto power was also absent in
early governments in the United
States. In Colonial days the Govern
ors had possessed the absolute veto
over legislation, and their acts were
subject to the veto of the crown. So
grave were the abuses "of the abso
lute veto that they figured in the
Declaration of Independence and led
the original states to go to the oppo
site extreme when adopting constitu
tions. Only one of the original states
(Massachusetts) had even the quali
fied veto, and there v&s no veto
power conferred by the Articles of
Confederation.
The idea that the constitutional
convention established a Senate
merely in mimicry of the English
Parliament is fallacious. The system
as finally adopted was in fact a com
promise between the larger states and
smaller states' in population. Several
plans were presented, one, the "Jer
sey plan," being in effect an ulti
matum from the smaller states
against the effort of the larger states
to establish a two-house Congress
with membership of both houses
based on population. The Jersey plan
provided for a uni-cameral Congress
With equal representation given each
state. One of the main questions at
issue thus was whether the new gov
ernment should be one In which each
State's Influence should be propor
tioned to Its population or one in
which each state, however small,
should have equal influence with
any other state. The system which
gives each state- equal representation
in the Senate and proportionate rep
resentation in the House was a com
promise that ensued.
The wisdom of the plan is one that
ought to be apparent without argu
ment in the light of historical events.
Pennsylvania copied the bi-cameral
system after 90 years of experience
with the uni-cameral system. Ver
mont gave up the one-house system
for the National plan after trying it
for nearly 60 years. Georgia seems at
once to have recognized the advan
tages of two chambers and two years
after the meeting of the constitutional
convention abandoned the one-house
system.
Likewise the necessity of the qual
ified executive veto did not long re
main in the dark. State after state
quickly adopted it. Why Oregon
should now conceive a virtue in a
system that has been given trial in
this country only to be unanimously
discarded by all the states that had
adopted it is difficult to conceive.
WILSOJf SEEKS MORE TROUBLE.
Not content with the trouble it has
got itself into about Mexico and canal
tolls, the Wilson Administration is
laying up more- trouble for itself by
indorslng a new Philippine bill
framed , by Representative Jones.
That gentleman intends to press his
bill in the House at this session, but
It has little chance of action unless
the conservation programme is again
to be thrown overboard.
This bill proposes to abolish the
Philippine Commission and to intrust
the government of the Islands to a
native Legislature . of two houses and
an American Governor, who is to have
the veto power. The Legislature is to
have no power to make treaties or to
change the tariff. The bill is to con
tain a pledge of independence as soon
as the islands prove their capacity for
Independence. When that time comes.
the United States undertakes to se
cure from the great powers a guaran
ty of independence and neutrality.
Judging by the progress the Fili
pinos have made in demonstrating
their capacity for self-government
with the enlarged power given them
by the Wilson Administration, that
time is very remote, although Mr.
Wilson doubtless would if he had the
power, overlook some serious short
comings in his haste to satisfy the
Filipino politicians' longings. The
Legislature has been most careless in
preparing supply bills, and 'defalca
tions among minor officials have been
discovered. That body has every in
centive to demonstrate its capacity, in
order that it may be given more
power, but it exploits the Government
for the benefit of the ruling class.
To hand over the islands to this
class, at this time would be to hand
over the ignorant, helpless mass, ren
dered timid by centuries of oppres
sion, to be robbed and ground down
by the educated, few, who have no
conception of genuine democracy or
of common honesty. Study of the
operations of the Philippine govern
ment raises the belief that, even be
fore Governor Harrison Filipinized
the commission and the executive of
fices, we had already gone too far in
intrusting the local administration to
natives. Governors and other provin
cial officers neglected to enforce laws
for the protection of the people
against extortion and peonage and
winked at acts of oppression, and the
Legislature refused to pass laws nec
essary to good government. To naiid
over the millions to the mercy of a
class composed of such men would be
a crime against humanity committed
in the name, of liberty.
WHY SOI?
The Oregonian has received from, a
correspondent at Vera Cruz a copy
of a recent issue of the Mexican Her
ald, with a marked article entitled,
"American Regeneration; or Back to
Barbarism?" It is a calm and search
ing inquiry into the real Mexican sit
uation and a keen analysis of the
motives of "the American Government
in precipitating the present crisis.
One part Is especially worthy of at
tention from the admirers and sup
porters of the President's policy, and
it is reproduced for their delectation:
There are three states of the American
Union in which the-nesrrocs outnumber the
whiten. Under the American Constitution
we all know their political riplits just n
well as we know how many oiliees they hold
in reality.
Thoie who. knowing the practical work
ing: of sucii thing's rixht at home, talk of
for.rinff actual democracy uj.on the illiterate
Indians of Mexico, can le explained in but
one of two ways ignorance of conditions
here, or abHoiute insi ti'-erity.
The American negroes, aa a whole, may
not be fitted for weif-Kovernment, but any
one who has seen them in Mexieo walking
among the humble classes here, knows that
many of. them are African ponces by com
parison. When President Wilson sets out to
break the grip of the landed aristoc
racy on the solid South, and restore
the American negro his equal politi
cal rights, guaranteed by the Consti
tution, we wonder how far his ap
plauding fellow-citizens will go with
him?
THE WORLD'S KIGIITH M'ONDEIi.
A friend of Dr. C. J. Smith, Demo
cratic candidate for Governor, writes
to protest against what he. (or she)
is pleased 'to call insinuations by The
Oregonian in a recent article that the
contributions to the Smith-for-Gov-ernor
fund, made by sundry generous
persons, "were not all they ought to
have been."
The Oregonian did not say that they
were not all the. ought to have been.
No, indeed. They are more, to be
sure. It said distinctly that the indi
vidual subscriptions ($300 each from
generous admirers to whom a $500
gift is not an everyday matter) .were
splendid testimonials from his un
selfish friends as to the esteem in
which they hold the favorite son of
Umatilla--or .words to that effect.
It Is from no ordinary motive that
the man who has not $300 handy at
all the times will dig it up to help out
a neighbor in politics. We said all
that. We say it again.
Thn.t expense account is an im
periifiable record of the munificence
of Will Moore, W. D. Chamberlain,
Will M. Peterson. G. A. Hartman,
William Wheelan and Charles Morris,
who chipped in $500 apiece for the
Smith-for-Governor Club, and would
do it again, undoubtedly.
We are sure that if the interested
inquirer will look up the personaij
Histories oi tnese norjle gentlemen, he
will find that the annals of Pendleton
and of Portland contain many similar
accounts of the whole-hearted liberal
ity of the philanthropic six. What is
$500 between friends, when the cor
rupt practices act will permit a can
didate for Governor to expend only
$750 on his own account, but puts no"
limit on the sums others may expend?
Take the item of postage alone, of
Dr. Smith's campaign statement (in
cluding the report of that kind
hearted Smith-for-Governor' Club),
which makes the following showing:
Postage
Posting cards
Posting cards .
Stamped envelopes ...............
Stamps
Stamps ...........................
Post cards
Stamps
Post cards
ti.0
HO
rn
20
15
30
30
Total $505
Dr. Smith and that busy club made
a great showing through the mails
on $565. To be sure, there are several
hundred thousand legal voters in the
state and it would cost about $4000 to
send each of them a letter and it is
quite out of the question, therefore,
for a candidata alone to do it and
keep within the law. The impression
that some citizens have that they re
ceived at least six letters each from
the Smith bureau is, of course, er
roneous purely psychological, in
deed. Somehow one letter to every
sixth citizen, owing to the adroit man
agement of the bureau, conveyed the
idea to each citizen that he had six
letters.
Great work; wonderful manage
ment. A whole state and its 250,000
voters hypnotized with the belief that
every individual therein had heard
several times from a Democratic can
didate for Governor. Can you beat itl
Once more we bow to the free
givers of Pendleton and Portland, and
hold up their names to the admiring
gaze of a pleased populace. What
more can a man do for his friend?
f The Reformed Presbyterians return
to an old. If not very respectable,
practice in anathematizing pipe or
gans, pianos, and the like vanities. St.
Cecilia invented the organ but that
docs not sanctify it ln their eyes. A
certain class of devout people used to
call the violin "the devil's whistle" in
allusion to the obvious fact that he
lures souls to perdition with it as a
bad boy whistles his dog to go melon
stealing with him. The piety- that can
be lost by music seems hardly worth
keeping.
WHY WE TIP THE PORTER.
Both truth and inaccuracy are con
tained in the statement by Manager
Dean, of the Pullman Company, that
"yoivran't stop tipping when the pub
lic can get better service by tips. It's
human fnature to bid for good ser
vice." j It is probably impossible
wholly to eradicate tipping, yet
doubtless what the California Rail
road Commission Is trying to impress
on the Pullman Company is not that
tipping is unnecessary in order to get
better service," but that it can be
minimized if it is made unnecessary
to tip in order to get ordinary service.
Disposition to tip cannot be called
wholly a trait of human nature and
keep within the exact bounds of
truth. There are some who tip from
love of the feeling of superiority that
f reehandedness and servitude by
others give them. But in America
the majority tip from mixed but en
tirely different motives. Custom and
fear of being considered a "tight
wad" are elements, but the main fac
tor is either compulsion or sympathy
for an underpaid workman.
The patron of the Pullman Com
pany is compelled, as a general rule,
to tip in order to secure routine ser
vice. In the exceptional instances
when a more than ordinarily dutiful
porter willingly and quickly performs
all the work that is expected of him
by the company, one tips anyway.
but with an inward feeling of con
tempt for the wealthy corporation
that pays its employes less than
living wage.
The public would be pretty well
satisfied if the Pullman Company
would pay the porter a living wage
an,d see that he does not neglect his
routine .work to provide extraordinary
service for those who demand it and
art willing to pay for it. Eliminate
compulsion and charity and tipping
as a general custom will cease. It will
then be indulged in only by the small
percentage to whom servitude is flat
tery.
THE ( EXTKXARY OF XAPOLEON'S FALL
Xapoleon's decline began with his
disastrous invasion of Russia. He
entered that country in the Fall of
1812 at the head of one of the finest
armies ever assembled, numbering
more than 400,000 men. He began
his retreat toward the end of October
from Moscow, which had been burned
by the Russians at his approach and
when after a succession of ruinous
battles he recrossed the Niemen into
Germany, but 20,000 men of his great
army remained. The rest had been
slain in battle, taken- prisoners or
had wandered from the ranks. Many
had perished of cold and hardship
For months afterward the highways
of Germany were beset by Napoleon's
persed soldiers making their way
as thpy could back to France. Such
was the price of glory to the great
commander's worshiping troops.
Never in the history of the world was
is. mari more . idolized than Napoleon
and never did any man Inflict more
misery upon mankind. The Jewish
poet Heine depicted the psychology
of his veterans in "The Two Grena
diers." The poor fellows were pain
fully traveling across Germany home
to France from their Russian captivity.-'
after Waterloo had brought the
final catastrophe upon Napoleon.
In Germany they heard the sor
rowful news that the pride of France
was fallen, the noble army defeated
and lost and "the Emperor, the Em
peror, a prisoner." The two grena
diers wept together over the tragic
story. One of them said, "My heart
is heavy unto death, my old wounds
are burning." The other said, "All is
over. I, too, would be ready to die,
but 1 have a wife and child at home
who must starve without me." Then
the first grenadier broke out with
that lament which only Heine, the
poet of despair, could have put into
verse. "Oh, what is wife and what is
child? In my soul there is a deeper
woe. Let them go begging if they
are hungry with my Emperor, my
Emperor in prison. Grant me one
favor, brother. If I die here by the
way, don't leave me behind. Take my
body back to France with you and
bury me in French soil. Lay on ray
heart he cross of the Legion with its
red ribbon, put ray rifle in my hand
and girt my sword around me. And
I'll lie in my grave and listen still
like a sentinel waiting, waiting, till I
hear again the cannon's roar and the
neigh of trampling horses. And when
my Emperor rides over my grave and
swords are clanging and clashing, I
will break from the tomb full armed
for the fight and save him for France
and glory." Schumann, as everybody
knows, set Heine's words to immor
tal music. The last two verses are
set to the tune of the "Marseillaise,'
the song of revolution.
After the retreat from Moscow hos
tile Europe hovered over Napoleon
like ravens over a dying soldier. The
next Fall he was defeated in "the
Battle fjf the 'Nations" at Leipsic.
Dangerous in disaster, he destroyed
the Bavarian army on his way back
to France, but he was now on the- de
fensive. The united armies of the
allied monarchs pursued him across
the Rhino. In the first months of
the year he routed them In one of the
m6st brilliant campaigns ever fought,
but his resources were failing, while
they had unlimited -populations to
draw upon for- men and money. A
second defensive campaign followed a
few" weeks later in which Napoleon
was driven back upon Paris, taken
prisoner and .compelled to abdicate.
It was" as if an army of pigmies had
ensnared Jove. At a loss what to do
with their terrible caftiije, the trem
bling Kings exiled him to the island
of Elba, where they hoped he would
consent to pass the rest of his life
remembering what he had been. But
memory was torture to Napoleon.
"Sorrow's crown of sorrow is remem
bering happier days." From the first
he intrigued to form the nucleus of
an army and effect his escape. The
time he had longed for came at the
end of February, 1815. With 700 de
voted men and a little fleet he fled
from Elba and by March 1 he was in
France again.
The country was at first paralyzed
with astonishment and fear. March
ing toward Paris with his little band,
he passed town after town without
recognition. But finally some troops
were sent by the lethargic Loui3
XVIII to intercept him and shoot him
down on sight. When he came up
with the soldiers of the imbecile
Bourbon. Napoleon left his men and
advanced alone until he was eye to
eye with the hostile ranks. They
were veterans . of his and heTcnew
them. Throwing back his cloak eo
that they could see his uniform. "Sol-
diers," he said, "shoot your Emperor
lf you will. I come to offer mveelf
to your bullets." They would sooner
have shot themselves. It ' was the
great Napoleon ' who stood before
them, the man who had led them to
victory against the united ' Kings of
Europe. "Again Marengo's field was
won, and Jena's bloody battle. Again
the world was overrun, made pale bv
his cannon's rattle." France, invaded,
terror-stricken, rescued, triumphant.
rose in the hearts of her children.
The soldiers broke ranks and with
tears and sobs clasped the knees of
the man they had been sent to kill.
The wave of their devotion penetrat-
ea tne. whole country and from that
day Napoleon's journey to Paris was
a victorious march.
The puny Bourbon monarch fld
nis tnrone at the head of a worship-
ing nation. The anted monarch,
were engaged in dividing the peoples condition, of the blind in our days and 7"meul aoaress, me watenworas
of Europe among themselves when compare It -with their hapless lot in ,r tola; ? regulation and restric
the news reached them that their former aires of the world. Uon.' not bertT as was the case a
prlsoner had escaped from Elba and
regained his throne. At once meas
ures were concerted to dispose of him
finally. Wellington led a British
army into the Netherlands. The Ger-
mans and Russians marched upon the
Rhine. Napoleon resolved to take his
enemies one after the other, begin- peared in his own country. It has ,V ",, . v erainea at
ning with Wellington. The French been left for the United States to do the ballot box The masses have nat
and British armies met at Waterloo that honor to his memory. The Life ual,y uaed th'lr votes to Jlace re"
rune 18, 1816, and Napoleon's star
vent down never to rise again to
mortal sight, but . in the heart of
Prance it burns with a brighter ra
diance every year.
HIS LATEST VACATION.
Explaining his purpose to go East
again and make a few addresses on
prison reform and render other con
spicuous services for the state. Gov
ernor West also says:
l am simply solns to take a vacation. I
" noi naa one ior a ions time, and whan
I have been away from Salem I have been
Just as busy as one could be. Other officials
arouna nere taKe a month oil tor a. vacation,
ana it is snout time I was taKlns a rest.
W hy this buncome excuse for hi
newest divagation into the lecture or
political field, or whatever it is? The
Governor of Oregon is away from
Salem on his own business more than
any other state officer: far more. He
went on the Governors' excursion two
years ago and was absent several
weeks; he took a horseback trip
across the state to Boise, lasting
nearly three weeks; ? spent last
Summer nearly three seks at his
seaside home, and complained that
the other members of the Desert Land
Board had transacted its business
while he was gone; he made a sudden
excursion, -to the seashore during the
recent session of the Legislature at a
time when he was much needed at
Salem; he went East three months
ago to deliver an address on prison
reform, or on some such errand. He
pretended he had business for the
state, but he had no real state bust-
: " "
has he now.
o one begrudges the Governor
vacation. But he ought to be fair to
the other state officers. We suspect
that the real object of his present
Journey is some new and sensational
pose in the spotlight.
THUS REAL. BERTHA M. CLAY.
Readers of The Oregonian will
readily remember the story published
a few months ago that the prolific
and moderately literary novelist.
Bertha M. Clay, was a man. Now, as
might have been expected, comes its
contradiction? The story was too
good to be true.'- It seems that the
mysterious Bertha was really a wom
an, but, as an Irishman would say.
sho was not herself but another
woman. Her true name was Char
lotte M. Braeme. This appellative is
almost as dear as Bertha M. Clay to
the lovers of a certain sort of fiction.
Mrs. Braeme leaped into fame by
publishing "Dora Thome" many
years ago. The tale was a sloppy
one. Its appeal to cooks and lazy
women was therefore tremendous.
t only "Dora Thorne," but all
Mrs. Braeme's other novels, enjoyed
an enormous circulation, literally
causing oceans of tears to flow both
In this country and England. But
her American publishers nade up
their minds that "Mrs. Braeme" was
a name that sounded a little too aris
tocratic for this democratic land. It
echoed of Dukes and baronial halls.
Therefore they erased It from the
title pages of her novels ' and put
Bertha M. Clay" in its place.
This is said to have boomed the
sale of the books immensely. "Ber
tha" is in itself pathetic. It is full of
tears and sobs. A moist harmony was
In this way established between the
title pages and the contents of the
novels and readers were able to lux
uriate in tepid rivulets from the
book storeto the last page. The de
plorable hoax which we have taken
all this trouble to confute had it that
the real Bertha M. Clay was a man,
Thomas W. Hanshew. We always
thought it rather unltkely that a mere
male novelist should have produced
as many and as tearful tales as
Bertha did and we are glad to have
our critical Judgment confirmed.
Hanshew actually wrote a good
many novels and some of them were
very bad, but in neither of these
claims upon fame did he rival "Mrs.
Braeme, who was the .real Bertha.
It is a comfort to realize that this
important controversy is settled in
our day and will not be left to drag
along through the ages like that be
tween Shakespeare and Bacon. Think
how distressing it would have been
had critics 500 years from now still
continued to assign Mrs. Braeme's
glory to Hanshew.
success FOR TUB blind.
David Edgar Guyton, the blind man I
who has Just received his degree from I
Columbia University, has reached a
scholarly distinction which many per- I
sons with all their natural advan-1
tages might envy. He Is now 14
years old and has spent the greater
part
of his life ln the pursuit of I
knowledge
For a blind
man tnis is difficult
even when his means are ample, but I
Guyton was born poor and it there-1
fore became for him an almost in-1
superable task. But he persevered I
and finally made his way into Blue
iviountain cuiese, wnere ne graauat-1
ed eleven years ago. Naturally he
then chose teacmng for his vocation,
and, after following it for several I
years, went to ine university or axis- i
slssippi, where he took another de- I
gree in 1911. After that he returned I
to teaching, specializing ln history
and economics. American history I
was his maJoE subject at Columbia, I
with economics and sociology for his I
two minors. He won such distinction
in these subjects that his career has
attracted the attention of the East- I
ern newspapers. I
With Guyton s life and the still I
I more remarkable achievements of
I Helen Keller before us, it seems as if
blindness need no longer be jo. very
serious handicap to an Individual.
Senator Gore manages to perform his
public duties very well without sight,
The blind English statesman, Henry
Fawcett, who became Postmaster-
General in 1880, served in that ca -
I pacity with, distinguished success.
I With the helps which modern in -
genuity has made accessible there is
no good reason why a blind person
should remain uneducated and he
may reasonably expect to enjoy most
I of the common blessings of life. Fame
I and fortune are not beyond his grasp
I if he has more than common ability.
I It is likely that the same taleBts
I which would win eminence for a man
I with all his senses perfect will do the
I same for a blind man if he improves
ingly ask what science has done for
human happiness may well study the
WALTER bagehot.
Although Walter Bagehot was one
of the most distinguished literary
Englishmen of the last century, no
Complete edition of his works has ap-
of Bagehot which accompanies this
edition of his works was prepared by
his sister-in-law, Mrs. Russell Bar
rlngton. It contains not only her own
account of the distinguished essayist
and publicist, but also tributes from
number of eminent contemporaries
I (....,. , n -k t,-
Woodrow Wilson Is also quoted ln the
book, partly for the purpose of cor
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. r.r, "f . rnAAv" ,mniion.
v -o .....ti -i v.-
aUI. tVUDOUl .. a & IVIt OslUI 44
readers that "ruddy" is not the right
He was a blonde, of
word to use,
the usual English type, and the high
color which undeniably showed ln his
I face was concentrated over his cheek
I bones, where it ourht to have- been,
since he was -born in the West of
England among the "elder-growing
grass." with plenty of moist air from
the sea.
his degree from Lon-
ln !. winning
Bagrehot took
rtrtn TTnlvAiwIrv
, , llilTwtl n exssa rlarrt.n
world with aome Injury to his health
from hard work. During his student
life he learned to dislike London, and.
although admitted to the bar, he
never practiced law. He preferred to
I enter his father's bank ln the coun
try- Later in life he became editor
of the London Economist, a pertod-
ical founded y his father-in-law,
James Wilson. This engagement
I brought him into close connection
I with city -business and the wide influ
I ence of his magazine made him an
I
succeeded in entering Parliament, al-
although he tried several times, but
I from his Intimacy with, men of place
I and trust he was a silent partner for
I years in most of the great events that
I went forward. In course of time he
became the London agent of his
father's bank, lending Its money in
Lombard street. From these various
occupations Walter Bagehot acquired
a profound knowledge of practical
affairs with which he united an alert
intelligence, wonderfully reliable
judgment and an exquisitely expres
sive literary style,
He wrote on economics, politics
and the evolution of human society.
Dry as these subjects may be
thought, he managed to make them
attractive by the charm and vigor
of his treatment. His manner was
usually conversational, but his argu
ments were seldom capable of refu
tation and his acquaintance with sta-
tistics and other systematic arrays of
facts was almost miraculous. Statis-
tics were always at his fingers' ends
when he needed them, but he was no
slave to their deceptive allurements. I
He said once outright that figures I
alone never could rove a case, and I
of course he was correspondingly cau- I
Uous in drawlnr conclusions from
them. The old maxim that "figures 1
cannot lie" Is probably true, but those
who use them in debate are often ca
pable of the most egregious mendac
ity, which is the same, for all com
mon purposes, as if the figures them
selves departed from the truth.
Bagehot's first book was an anal-1
ysls of the English constitution. For
mer treatises on that subject had
been somewhat like our school text
books on "Civics." They gave the
outlines of a lovely theory without a
ray of light upon its practical work
ing. Everybody knows, or course,
that the academic skeleton of any
government is a totally different
thing from the living organism
There is nothing in the United States
Constitution about political parties.
bosses, conventions, primaries and
gerrymanders, but all these things
play an essential part in our political
life. Bagehot described the English
constitution as it appeared in fact,
disregarding what the books had been
saying about it for generations. In
this way he treated the science of
politics almost as freshly as Adam
Smith had treated political economy"
It is incorrect to say. as some en
thuslasts do, that Walter Bagehot
founded the science of politics. That
was done long before his time by the
great Italian genius, Maehlavelli.
What the English publicist actually
did was to bring politics down from
the realm of airy abstractions and
show men in intelligible language
what sort of a governmental machine
they really had. This was done so
clearly and delightfully that his -book
on the English constitution la num
bered among the literary classics. His
next work was entitled "Lombard
Street." It did for banking what his
former volume had done for the scl
ence of government. Naturally much
of this work is recondite and dlffl
cult to read, but it exercised a power
ful influence upon the monled classes.
The approved modern practice in
manipulating banking reserves dates I
back to Bagehot's book on Lombard
street.
His treatise on the evolution
of human society was entitled "Phy
pics and Politics." He describes in
language easily understood the de-
velopment of communities of men
Appearing in 19, only ten years
after the "Origin of Species" was
published. It affected the opinions of
the world profoundly. It was accept-I
ed by sclentinc men as an extension
and confirmation of Darwin's views
and was rapidly translated Into the
principal European languages. Be-
fore his death Bagehot had the satls-
faction of receiving a copy ln the lan
guage of Russia, a country not espe
cially hospitable to evolutionary ideas
It Is no new thing for Englishmen
to obtain their first marked literary
recognition ln the United States.
Herbert Spencer's books were popular
I here before they found any sale at
I home. Thomas Carlyle owed his in-
I itlal success to Emerson's friendship
George Meredith was -read and J iked
In this country before England saw
anything remarkable in him. On the
other hand, some of our own geniuses
I have found their first appreciation in
1 England. This was to a certain ex-
I tent true of Washington Irving. Long
1 fellow never lacked popularity at
I nome, but he was probably more read
I in England than in the United States
I and his poems are remembered there
I quite as fondly as. in Boston. We
1 need not be surprised therefore that
I the first complete edition of Walter
I Bagehot has been published under
I the Stars and Stripes.
RESTRICTION GUARDS LIBERTY.
Undoubtedly, as President Nicho-
" , ,
if.Clurab' U,nIvers"y ln hls com
is a good reason. As political liberty
I has grown, industrialism has grown
I also, and by making one man or a
group of men practically overlords of
ne or more thousands of men has
nuA ' In fact the larger liberty
cUons on the power of their
I'?,y" ,ver tnem- Ttley have
ein
thus voluntarily surrendered a part of
their Individual liberty in order to
preserve the rest.
Without regulation and restriction
of the exercise of liberty, there would
soon have been practically no liberty
I under modern conditions. We have
"en h,s P-tIally demonstrated in
the abuses growing out' of unregulat-
ed railroad operation by private cor-
Poriu,n!' Th Pwer exercised by a
w-vrun over mo vhsmib wiuj juuc
greater than that exercised by a rail-
road "w ita employe" and its ship-
pers oeiore tne era ox regulation, m
practice individual liberty enabled
the big shipper to obtain rates where
by the small shipper was crushed.
Employes, for the protection of their
liberty, organized unions and en
forced their demands by means of
"rikes which impaired the rights of
the general public The only remedy
TV to Ptoct lH,igbtXJ Ie fmall
;h,pper1 by retlc!,nf lV liber ot
I icmiivbu m.au vf a mo isa-a o ciur')ci ,
fac 8h'P1P?"- IfX
coming to the point where we shall
protect the rights of the public by re
stricting the liberty of a railroad and
its employes to carry a quarrel to the
extreme of a strike.
This is only carrying out one of the
principles Dr. Butler laid down that
the limits of liberty are the rights of
others. Improved means of communi
cation and Industrial development
have so ' Increased the number of
points at which each man's liberty
touches the rights of others that
I . KV. ... la
" V..X i v w
sary to protection of those rights. We
still adhere to the principle, but
changed conditions have forced
change in its application.
Senator Po!ndexters resolution to
give the thanks of Congress to Dr.
Cook, fr discovering the North Pole
speaks better for his heart than his
head. The evidence shows clearlythat
Dr. Cook did not discover the Pole
but in the face of fact and reason
Mr. Poindexter insists that he did
The Senator from Washington Is not
?I?lyJh,Lm" of"10 "fV
reason.
A Sacramento woman who has
been' nominated for political office
wants to change her name by mar
riage before election and Is in a di
lemma as to how to get around the
Polnt- ?"er Vs oth "'J?' nd
n lnt herself. One or the other
I m,"nl wln.
War correspondents are not being
permitted outsiae or vera txus Dy
General Funston. - The new censor-
ship arrangement gives the Army the
complete upper nana ana tne poor cor-
respondent's lot henceforward will be
hard one.
Ton Lind he ban candidate for Gov
ernor or Minnesota. juviaenuy tne
Administration has finally concluded
that Ton is not quite equal to the task
of talking Mexico Into peaceful ways.
Withering heat is now general
throughout the East. As usual when
extremes of climate are making the
rest of the country wretched, Port
land enjoys complete exemption.
Evidently Carranza was trying to
dally along over the question of repre
sentatlon at Niagara Falls until he had
taken Mexico City.
Going up ln a balloon seems tame
enough. But getting back to town
after the landing appears to be where
the hitch comes.
We- trust that with the President
and Bryan both off the Job today the
mediators will not get out of bounds.
Huerta's end is now said to be
matter of hours. The same thing
could have been said a year ago.
General Miles wants to go to the
front for war with Mexico. He must
xpect o v to be 1E0 years old
Looking calmly back upon it there's
nothing- could have been better or
bigger in that Rose Festival.
The California volcano is develop
ing. No doubt it will be ln full bloom
for the Fair next year.
It Is likely we shall hear nothing
more ot Kermit, now, until-papa goes
on another hunting trip.
Incidentally what has become of all
those tests of the income tax we once
heard so much about?
Barring something unexpected, the
ball game will now return to the
limelight.
The bands and Joyful Festival
sounds are still ringing in our ears.
Bv the way. isn't Felix Diaz to be
represented at Niagara? And Zapata?
Anyway the weather man redeemed
himself during the Festival.
Portland.
as usual, did herself
proud.
Today for a much needed rest.
Greatest show ever.
Everybody satisfied.
Gleams Through the Mut
By- Dna Colltaa.
Over the atadto.
(Rewritten and revised from an oM memory.)
My eyes may be wild and my cottnteaaaee,
sad
But nix. I am not In the nutty sense mads
My nerves are unstruns. my digestion arauck.
My tormented brain has ceased worktns and -struck;
And every day It Is clearer to me
t am not mad yet, but I darned soon will be
If I listen all day as they hammer and boera
ln the musteal studio under my reero.
Throuchout the whole week, with thels
Jansle and blather.
Five healthy pianos ara banging tosether;
Or rather all solns at once. I should say.
Tot they don't set tosether at all. throurli
the day; I
But one the sonatas of Hayden assails.
Another beslnner Is practicing scales.
Another perhaps may be settlns up wrist
To maul for a while the productions of Llsat,
And others with Beethoven sambol and
frellc. '
Or a vocalist wails as thoush smitten with
eollo.
Ah, tala would I hie from that motley of
noise
Away, to Indulge Vn the simpler Joys
Of a lite where Niagara daintily drops.
A rooms ln the home of some coy boiler
shops.
Or a nice quiet boarding-house tucked out
of sight.
Where the cars tip-toe by at all hours of the
night.
Oh sweeter the fog horns that bellow and
blare.
Than the tones they mix up In that stadia
there.
I am not mad yet. bnt I darned soon will sa
If I listen much mora to that cacophony
Five healthy pianos, all boomins away
From eight ln the morn till the close of tha
day; ,
Sweet peace from my spirit, forever has
flown.
Distracted all day by tha vocalist's mean.
I am not mad yet, but I soon will be so
If I can't drop a brick on those people below
In tha studio there. In a little while well.
It's ma for tha place with a nice padded call,
e e
RefleetlaaM at Ifcwelam JVItta.
Open and before) tha grand children.
my daughter don't approve of profsis
lty, but I seen her look, at me plumb)
admlrln' tha other day when I fell off
the stepladder a-takin' dawn the stove
pipe and a section of It lit oa hos
head.
The teller that said "Birds of a faath
er flock together never aean tha In
side of a prairie dog's Tools, nor X
reckon he never sized up the bunch of
people that wedges together on the)
seat ln a streetcar or shares tha
benches at tha baseball park,
a a
w EdaeatlsauU Uplift.
Sir In case the movement to estab
lish a school of piracy in the educa
tional system of Portland Is still on. X
desire to commend It. It I had been
given an elementary course in that
activity I would have known what to
do with the guy that sold me a seat la
the grandstand that wasn't his. during
the Rose Festival. I last saw him dis
appearing ln the crowd and it was only
through the courtesy of tha gate tend
er that I got into the stand, for he said:
"That ticket you've got ain't worth
. but I guess I'll let
you ln. anyhow. (See note.)
Every one need training ln piracy.
so that he can be next to the latest
arid most up-to-date methods and thus
protect himself. Tours truly.
Commuter.
(Note The remark of the gate ten
der has been censored by the editor.
We publish herewith only the residua,
or what got by his blue pencil. Wa
trust, however, that our friend, Genv
Pub., for whom this colyum is written.
has a vivid imagination. Hajcan spend
tne long evenings or tne coming sum
mer profitably and entertainingly fig
uring out Just what the gate tender
did say to the correspondent. The
gate tender was a bit peevish on that
day.)
e
Selena TTeausht.
The Festival at last Is done
With all Its frolic, sport and fun
And they ara still six months away.
Tha Christmas snd Thanksgiving day.
see
Aparaxlaxate H la tery.
28,000 B. C. Elvira Wolfskin mar
ries James Fltntspear. Friends Ini
tiate the custom of throwing things at
tha departing couple and tying signs
on their luggage which has persis
tently beep regarded as a rare jest
ln many communities to this day.
3500 B. C Noah sets the example for
P. T. Barnum and lays tha foundation
of fortune for German and Swiss toy
makers. 1CCC A, D. Great fire in London.
which Chicago says wasn't a marker ts
Its fire. And San Francisco bets Lon
don didn't have as much to show half
a dozen years after as she has so way
get chesty about It?
see
"Sir." said the Courteous Office Soy.
"why are you writing a bos-tailed col
yum tbis week?"
"Because, my son," I replied sadly,
"at the time I should have baea doping
out this pillar of unparalleled wheezes
for the Genv Pub.. I was beating my
typewriter into insensibility in an ef
fort to describe some of tha features
of the late Rose Festival."
"I can give you several good little
jests to help fill- out your colyum If
you need them," said the C O. B.
"Make haste," I cried, clutching at
him as a camel clutches at tha last
straw. (Note Slmillaa are frequently
served in this scrambled style nowa
days, with rather striking effect, dea't
you think?)
"Well." said the dramatic and C O.
B., "I found a woman crying In a cor
ner because she had lost her little girl
in the Rose Festival crowd, and she
was afraid to go out and look for her."
'Yes. yes! Go on!" I breathed.
"You see she had a horrible premon
ition that If she want out to look for
the little girl, she might find a Eu
gene Radiator." and tha C. O. B.
giggled at his own inimitable wit. (See
note.)
-I have another one," he began
"No, my son." I Interrupted, "it
might be like that one, and ln that
case it were far, far better to let the
colyum run a few feet shy." And then
I took him out and dropped him down '
the freight elevator shaft.
(Note Radiator: pronounced "Radl-
ate-her! Ho! Ho!" and then you hit
your friend on the shoulder blade. This
la a bush league form of humor which
has been abandoned almost entirely,
even by the vaudeville performers, and
I can't Imagine where the C O- B. dug
it up.)
www
Having got this far without serious
mishap, we ring for a quick curtain and
duck out, leaving some one else tq. be.
the goat, If the colyum is shy of stuff.