CHE SUNDAY OEEGOXIAX, PORTXAXD, JAXTJAKT 25, 1914.
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BILXS TO KILL MOXOPOir.
"The anti-trust bills introduced in
the. House are in line with the policy
proposed by President Wilson and
oil id as nearly as possible, in deal
ing with a subject open to many un
foreseen contingencies, break -up and
prevent monopoly and restore compe
tition. They would . specifically pro
hibit the methods by which two cor
porations which should compete "pur
sue.a common purpose through holding
companies and interlocking director
ates. They remove cause of complaint
as to the uncertainty of what is and
what is not lawful under the Supreme
Court's rule of reason by defining the
methods of carrying -on trade which
Congress holds- unlawful. -They re
move another cause of complaint by
creating a trade commission to which
business men may go for -information
as to whether their plans are within
the law, which shall initiate proceed
ings against offenders, which shall fa
cilitate dissolution of combinations
that voluntarily submit to the law and
which shall carry out in detail decrees
of the courts. They make proof by
the Government of the fundamental
fact of monopoly ground for damage
ruits by injured individuals or firms.
The- plaintiff in such a suit would
eimply be required to prove the fact
and the extent of the damage. This
provision would render the risks of
monoply so great that none would
lare to take them.
But there are dangers of making
the prohibitions of the law too sweep
ing. The bill defining monopoly would
apply to combinations which are gen
erally regarded as beneficial to tho
public as well as to those which are
injurious. It would apply to those or-
ganization of farmers and fruitgrow
ers for co-operative packing, distri
bution and sale of their crops, which
have benefited both producer and con
sumer. The producer has received a
better price, while the consumer has
paid less or no more than under the
former every-man-for-himself system.
Markets have been supplied which
were formerly neglected, and markets
which were formerly glutted now re
ceive an adequate supply and no more.
The rule of reason recognized by all
men requires that these organizations
be,. continued and' extended, but. the
proposed law would break them dp.
The same bill speaks of combina
tions "which purpose" to restrict
trade. How is the purpose to be
proved, such proof being essential to
establishment of an offense? . Is Uhe
fatfe that a certain act produces mo
nopolistic effect to be presumptive
evidence of a purpose to produce- that
effect? Perhaps the conduct of a com
bination as judged under the provi
sions of the trade relations bill is to
be the basis of Judgment, but here
agpln the element of intent enters.
ThJt bill says' it shall be "deemed
ni;,attempt to monopolize trade or
commerce to discriminate- in ' price
with the intent to injure a competi
tor. Can such Intent always be
rroved? There are other motives for
discrimination in price besides intent
to injure a competitor. For example,
low prices are; a-means 'Of invading
new territory, -or one manufacturer
may be willing to sell at a closer mar
gin than another, or may have ad
vantages which" enable him to sell at
a lower price, jet at the same margin.
When the accused might set up any
of these reasons, the Government
might find difficulty in proving price
discrimination toT be prompted by in
tent" to injure a competitor, beyond
such Injury as is necessarily inflicted
on an unsuccessful competitor.
Eastern newspaper" are" perturbed
by the introduction of a -bill-by Repre
sentative Stanley abrogating the rule
of reason, after a conference with
the -President, very little thought
on the subject - of combinations is
necessary to convince an unprejudiced
man that a rule of reason must be
laid down, if the law. is not to hound
men at every step, but it should be
laid down by Congress,, not by the
courts. Tho making of such a rule is
a legislative, not a judicial, act. The
several bills introduced by Represent
ative Clayton, taken together, lay
.down such a rule, and-careful revision
will make it definite enough to become
ii sure guide to business and to pjo
hibit injurious combinations only. The
utterances of the President and his
close co-operation with the leaders in
Congress warrant the belief that he
favors a. new definition of this rule by
Congress, not its abrogation.
1HILD HECKLING INVITED.
A civic forum on the lower East
Side of New York announces that ad
dresses will be followed by open dis
cussion and questions. That is about
the closest approach to heckling that
an American audience ever makes
but the genuine article on its native
soil consists in interrupting a speaker
with denials of his statements, ques
tions that are hard nuts .to crack'
or that seek to pin him down on
points which he would rather evade,
jeering and often insulting remarks,
calculated to Irritate and "rattle" him
and cause him to lose the thread o
Ills argument.
Heckling has great terrors for a
slow-witted, nervous or ' diffident
t-peaker, but a man of quick wit,
ready tongue and self-confidence
often turns the tables on -the heckler
and even wins over a hostile audi
ence. During the last campaign in
England a stalwart baronet was so
exasperated by the interruptions of
one man that he challenged the hec
kler to a fist fight then- and thereN A
ring" was formed in the hall and the
baronet soundly thrashed his antag
onist..; then finished . his speech- in
peace. '
When -Joseph Chamberlain was at
the. height of hU power. in Birming
ham, ba resigned tho Mayoralty to
:ts atterrtlorr to- National- af
fairs. His admirers erected a hand
some monument to commemorate his
services to the city. A short time
previous the city had bought the gas
works, dismissed somo old employes
and put good Liberals ion the job. An
election shortly followed at. which
Captain Burnaby, a giant cavalry of
ficer, was the Tory candidate. The
Tories rounded up the discharged gas
men at their first meeting and Burn
aby's first mention of Chamberlain
called for the shout: "Stick him on
top of his bloody monument."" The
Liberals took their revenge-'at another
meeting by making such an uproar
that Burnaby gave up the attempt, to
speak. He lit a clay pipe, jumped
from the platform and, towering head
and shoulders above the crowd, forced
his way to the door.
Heckling has its uses, as well as its
abuses. Spellbinders would hesitate
to make many a wild statement or
specious argument if they were as li
able to be heckled in this country as
in England.
-THE PITCHER AND THE WELL. ' .
The Residuary Legatea": announces
his candidacy for Governor, in the
Democratic primary. Governor West
gives his gracious permissron, and the
war is on. The cry is to' be . law-en
forcement law-enforcement by pub-j
lc omciais as against- jaw ooeaience
by public officials, no doubt. The
name of the Residuary Legatee is, Dr.
J. Smith, late of Pendleton, and
now of Portland. V '.
Let all other Democratic candidates
note the frame-up. Judge Bennett,
John Manning, John H. Smith, Bob
Miller all of, them who have borne
the heat and burden of many a Demo
cratic battle and . all their faithful
Democratic followers are to be ig
nored in the task of naming the suc
cessor of the Only Honest Man. He
will do it himself. The true function
of the Democracy is to perpetuatl
the succession. Chamberlain, West,
Smith! Re-election for Chamberlain
as Senator, something equally as good
for West, and a nice comfortable job
for the complaisant Smith.
Judge Bennett has already had
notice that he is to be punished for
ese majeste. With the announce
ment of the candidacy of the obliging
ex-Pendleton doctor is made public a
manufactured letter from "a Demo
crat" attacking Judge Bennett for his
failure to support Oswald West for
Governor in 1910. The ostensible in
dictment against tho Judge is that he
declined to vote for the Democratic
nominee; the real charge is that he
would not bend his neck to the yoke.
Is Governor West a Democrat, or is
Dr. Smith a Democrat? Do they, lay
down the rule that the cardinal polit
ical sin Is failure to abide by the ac
tion of a Democratic primary or to
subscribe to the declarations of a
Democratic platform? If so. Demo
cratic partisanship is to be the pri
mary qualification of the Democratic
nominee. If not, what business have
they to haul Judge Bennett on the
carpet for a single act of political in
dependence? the doctrine that
Chamberlain, West, Smith and all the
other office-hunting Democrats have
preached early and late in every part
of Oregon, with most conspicuous suc
cess and with most painful and obvi
ous insincerity.
The old game is to be played again.
Dr. Smith is to be nominated by
Democrats because he is a . Demo
crat, and Judge Bennett is to be
denied' a nomination because he is
not a Democrat; then, when Dr.
Smith shall be nominated by Demo
crats, the threadbare guff about non
partisanshipis to be spread every
where, and he -is to .be elected on the
plea that he is not very much of a
Democrat, after- all.
Alas, poor Copperfield! Sacrificed
to make a Democratic slogan!
NEW YORK SQUIRMS. '
Appointment of John Skelton Wil
liams as Controller of the Currency
has caused -opposition a,mong some
New Tork papers, for the ostensible
reason that he harbors grudges, hence
cannot exercise impartially the great
power vested in the Controller of the
Currency; also because he is accused
of exceeding his power as Assistant
Secretary of the Treasury, by sending
a bank examiner to National banks in
Richmond and Chattanooga to obtain
correspondence between those banks
and a bank in New York. There is
also said to be an unexplained mys
tery in the absorption of the United
States Trust Company, of Washington,
by the Munsey Trust Company, of
which Mr. Williams' brother is a di
rector. The Senate committee on banking
and currency has heard objections to
Mr. Williams' confirmation and has
reported the appointment favorably,
but the New "York Sun intimates that
bankers are "cowed" by his present
and potential authority and that this
explains the lack of "witnesses before
the committee. It alleges that the
banks have been "thrown into a con
dition of terrorism by the administra
tion of the law and by the tremendous
power of proscription which is con
tained in the new law." ,
The New York Tribune finds "some
Indications that Mr. Williams was dis
posed to be influenced by personal
animosities." It says: "Bankers in
Washington stand in fear of him" and
that "a man who can excite such ap
prehensions is the last man in the
world to be selected." - Both the Sun
and Tribune call upon the Senate to
refuse confirmation of the appoint
ment. Mr. Williams' appointment has
probably excited alarm in New York,
less because of the objections named
than because it is one more evidence
of the Administration's purpose to
wrest financial power from that city.
New York has long been the financial
dictator of the country, but feels its
power gradually slipping. The cur
rency law would have done much in
this direction, even if Mr. Vanderlip's
scheme of a central bank had been
adopted. It will do still more by
building up from seven to eleven oth
er . finarftia.1 centers. Secretary Mc
Adoo has shown his hostility to New
York banks on several occasions, as
when he accused them of bearing the
price of Government bonds and when
he received with marked coolness the
suggestion of a regional bank at New
York having 40 per cent of the total
regional bank capital. The appoint
ment of Mr. Williams, of Baltimore,
as administrative head of the banking
system is one more blow to New York
Had any other man from any other
city and holding the same, opinions as
he been appointed. New York would
have squirmed as much. '
The alleged incendiary has rot been
apprehended at Copperfield: the
Mayor has not been indicted or
punished for his reported crime of
selling liquor to minors; the gamblers
who it is said openly and notoriously
violated the. law are etill at liberty;
tho Governor -writ" not j-ettrast- the
civil authorities of Baker County o
enforce the law, but keeps his soldiers
on duty. If the "Governor had evi
dence to warrant martial law he has
evidence sufficient to send the male
factors to jail. If the Governor has
evidence that the Baker County offi
cials will not enforce the law he has
evidence sufficient to suspend them
and the power to appoint successors
who will enforce the law. But then
such procedure would make martial
law no longer necessary and end all
this gratifying whoop and hurrah.
Shall we not have some real and
permanent law enforcement when all
the notoriety possible is wrung out
of the Copperfield Incident?
HOT SETTLED.
The Oregon Society of Engineers
knows exactly what it wants, and the
State Grange knows nothing about the
interesting and important subject of
technical engineering Instruction at
the State University or the State Agri
cultural College. ' President Graves
quite plainly makes clear the position
and purposes of the engineers, in his
letter, published elsewhere today, and
Just as pointedly serves notice on the
State Grange that it is an imperti
nence for that organization to inter
fere. Has not The Oregon Society of
Engineers spoken? The plan of the
Board of Higher Curricula to divide
the engineering courses between the
Agricultural College and the State
University suits the engineers and
therefore it ought to suit everybody.
. But it does not. It might, if the
engineers alone were concerned, and
if they alone were paying the bills;
but they are not. Undoubtedly the
Slate Grange or the Arming element
represented by the Grange pays far
more in taxes to support the two state
schools than the engineers, or than
any dozen societies like the engineers;
and they purpose to havo something
to say as to how the public moneys
shall be expended, whether it pleases
the engineers society or not.
' It does not settle the question as to
the engineering courses to make a
showing, with a distinguished air of
finality, that the Board of Higher
Curricula and the Society of Engi
neers understand each other and have
fixed up the whole business. Not at
all; not at all. It should, no doubt,
but it doesn't. That is what The
Oregonian in a mild way has hereto
fore sought to indicate. The public
really ought to be consulted. It is
quite clear that it intends in this case
to be consulted.
THROWING MOSEY AWAY.
Appropriation by the city of $7500
for. an independent valuation of . the
property of the Portland Railway,
Light & Power Company, is inexcus
able waste. The Statj Public Service
Commission, which is no less a ser
vant of the people than is the City
Commission, is preparing the same
valuation on its own motion. It has
been engaged in the work for ten
months and for the purpose has em
ployed1 experts whose character and
ability are beyond question. Why
should the expense be duplicated?
The public's ,real interest is in
whether the company is deriving an
undue profit from its entire property.
The public also has some interest in
whether the company has properly
adjusted rates between the large and
small consumers of light and power.
The State Public Service Commission
has undertakerf to ascertain these
things in a careful and systematic
way. The people are paying for the
work and are now to be compelled to
pay for at least a part of it a second
time, with no prospect that the State
Commission will accept the city's
values when it makes its rate rulings.
The appropriation of this J7500 by
the City Commission implies a lack of
confidence in the State Public Service
Commission. Yet the people, who rule
in Oregon, expressed their confidence
in the state board by a majority of
25,000 when they created it. More
over the people of Portland have ex
pressed their doubt as to the advis
ability of entrusting such work to a
local commission by twice defeating
local regulation bills by substantial
majorities. The City Commission never
had and probably never will have a
plainer mandate than in this particu
lar. The expenditure is neither needed
nor demanded. It is a plain effort to
set up some kind of local control, no
matter what the people want.
AX EPOCH IX BASEBALL.
Four times in the past has organ
ized baseball been compelled to fight
so-called' rebellions. Three of these
insurgencies resulted in failure; one
overcame vicissitudes and, after three
years of warfare with' the then one
major league, was taken into the fold
and became a-factor in organized
baseball.
This early outlaw league, organized
in 1900, is the same American League
now yoked with its ancient enemy, the
National. The American League suf
fered costly lessons, bjtter experiences
and numerous changes in its infancy.
Only two of the cities now in the cir
cuit were original members of the in
vaders. Likewise the new independ
ent Federal League, organized one
year ago, finds arrayed against it the
power of fortunes built out of dia
mond successes. Its future as a major
league is dependent solely upon its
financial resources.
In organized baseball the player Is
"owned" by the club in which he
plays. If his services are desired by
another league club negotiations must
be conducted with the owners. If the
purchase is concluded the iowners
pocket the money, or as is more likely,
pay it to some other club for a player
or players to supply the vacancy, and
that club spenc" - what it has received
to strengthen its own position, and so
on down the line.
Last season Chicago paid Milwau
kee $18,000 for Chappelle; 'ten major
leagues offered around $12,500 for
Williams, of the Sacramento club, in
1913; St. Louis paid 2500 to Portland
for Pitcher James. Had some inde
pendent club offered, not Milwaukee,
Sacramento and Portland, but Chap
pelle, Williams and James, these
amounts as bonuses for signing the
scramble can be Imagined.
. Thus, although organized baseball
has the" power of wealth behind it, it
is a fairly vulnerable target for the in
dependents. Once the Federal invad
ers get together the pick of the older
leagues by offering bonuses direct to
players little study is required to guess
where the crowds will go. The play
ers welcome such competition' because
from now on they will get not what
the magnates offer, not what they
have to take, but the top bid, and
the public will welcome the independ
ent league jtrst as it welcomes com
petition in any line of business activ
ity provided always that the outlaws
have the money to give the players
and the public what they want.
. Yet organization is necessary; the
reserve clause -in the players' -con-tracts
is necessary if baseball is to
prosper from a business standpoint
and as a national attraction. Ulti
mately the Federal League will be
forced to adopt the principle. Tet
the athletes are entitled to their fair
share of the prices paid the club own
ers for their services. Success of the
outlaw Federal League will get them
that. But if exclusive power to sell
his services to the highest bidder were
possessed by every professional base
ball player, the competition in each
league would ultimately end in a bat
tle of pocketbooks, just as it is such
a battle in the small town leagues in
unorganized baseball. j
The club owners In the major league
when they are offered a fortune for
a single player must weigh the, price
against the effect of the sale on gate
receipts and agajnst their ability to
build up the loss of talent sustained in
the sale. Gate receipts are not a mat
ter of larg0 consequence to the player
if his salary is safely guaranteed and
he cares little for the fate of the club
he leaves. Without organization and
reserve clause the club owners with
the biggest purse to back up local
enthusiasm would soon have the best
players; games would be one-sided and
interest and attendance would dimin
ish and finally fade away.
A shaking up, however, every few
years has a wholesome influence on
the game. Somebody always suffers
when monopoly has "its own way un
restrained. In baseball the players
are the chief victims and they are the
idols i of a, pretty large proportion of
the whole community. The Federal
League can do no harm to baseball
and it can do a lot of good. More
power to it!
PSYCHOTHERAPY.
The limitations of mental haling,
or psychotherapy, are still asubject'of
debate. Some claim that by proper
application of "mind power" all the
ills that flesh is heir to can be reme
died. Others deny that it can improve
any but nervous and hysterical trou
bles. Still others, the obstinately skep
tical, refuse to believe that mental
healing is anything but humbug. The
position of the last group is indefensi
ble. There is plenty of evidence that
mental forces can cure some diseases
and more is accumulating daily. Per
haps we have more "miracle cures'
today than there ever were before
even in the time when people staked
their faith on witchcraft and demonic
agencies, This Is well for the world
because nervous diseases are increas
ing with the pressure of modern life
and many of them are inaccessible to
ordinary medicine. There is no doubt
whatever that psychotherapy cures
diseases every day which "the doctors
have given up." The gradual estab
lishment of this great healing power
on a scientific basis is therefore a
.boon for which we must all feel grate
ful since charlatanism has always been
its baneful parasite.
It must probably be admitted" that
mental healing began with imposture.
An article in the London Times on
this subject remarks that among the
ancient Greeks physicians were at the
same time priests. This Is no more
true of the Greeks than of all other
ancient nations and modern savage
tribes. In the beginning of history the
priest was a medicine man and the
medicine man was more Or less of a
priest in all cases. The two profes
sions were not wholly separated until
science had developed farther fiian it
ever did among the Greeks. The
primitive priest was constantly called
upon to show his power over the in
visible world by curing diseases. Peo
ple believed that their troubles were
caused by evil spirits and -it was the
obvious duty of the priest to relieve
them. Lack of scientific knowledge
compelled him to resort to incanta
tions. No doubt his magic perform
ances affected the nerves of his pa
tients so much that ha often per
formed real cures. It has been related
by numerous .travelers that the medi
cine men among our American Indians
were not utter deceivers. They actu
ally cured diseases now and then.
Undoubtedly, as the London Times
remarks, "devotional enthusiasm has
occasionally obtained remarkable re
sults" in relieving the sick. Any other
kind of enthusiasm may produce the
same effect. Whatever controls the
patient's mind and brings psychic
power to bear upon his malady will
accomplish the cure if his disease hap
pens to be one that is curable by such
means. If it is not then neither de
votional enthusiasm nor any other
merely mental influence will help a
great deal. It must not be overlooked
that a person's mental state may help
or hinder his recovery from any mal
ady whatever, even from a broken leg,
but we should not expect a bullet to
be removed from a gunshot wound by
psychotherapy. And there is another
side to this matter. Devotional en
thusiasm has often operated as a posi.
tive hindrance to sensible medicine.
In the middle ages the prayers and
processions by which it was attempted
to stay the ravages of the plague
spread the infection broadcast while
they blinded the people to the neces
sity of hygienic precautions. Should
the time ever come when the world
relies on psychotherapy to the exclu
sion of material medicine arid surgery
mankind will find cause to regret it.
Mental healing did not disappear
from the w-orld with savagery by ay
means. It has held its own with re
markable tenacity down through the
ages. Its feats have been reported "as
miracles, charlatan's tricks, impos
tures, witchcraft, but that Uiey have
often been genuine cures of disease,
men of sound sense no longer wish
to deny. The problem now is to' un
derstand these extraordinary occur
rences and reduce them under the do.
minion of scientific law. As long as
they are not fully understood, quacks
and fakers will make capital out of
the mystery that darkens them. Mod
ern interest in this subject began with
the famous Mesmer, who began his
career as a genuine practitioner and
ended it as a - ran k Impostor. The
name of "mesmerism"' which he be
queathed to psychotherapy was so en
cumbered with undesirable associa
tions that it has been rejected in our
time. We now speak of hypnotism,
mental therapeutics, psychotherapy,
and do on. The work of Freud and his
colleagues Is gradually shedding light
upon the whole subject. The basic
fact is that in each of our minds is a
gulf called the "unconscious" or "sub
conscious," which swarms with rebel
lious mental states, Freud calls them
"unfulfilled wishes." Once the wlll,
or the "inhibitions," are weakened by
any cause, these rebels thrust them
selves up into consciousness and pro
duce mischief without end. They rack
the brain in insomnia. They capture
the personality in hysteria.
Freud shows beautifully how they
construct the .wonder world of dreams.
Dreams are perfectly normal and the
mind has provided a machinery for
controlling tho "unconscious' while
they proceed. But insomnia and hys
teria are not normal. They arise from
the lack of weakness of the inhibitive
machinery. Here is iwhere psycho
therapy comes in. It places the pa
tient in a situation closely allied to
sleep and supplies the same sort of
inhibitions which nature herself -uses
in dreams. By this means the "un
conscious" is reduced to subjection
and the patient is restored to health.
But obviously" this process can apply
only to troubles caused by the revolt
of the "unconscious." In cases of
wounds and fevers it can avail little.
A JCST DIVISION OF WORK.
The. educational world Is interested
In the treaty of amity and alliance
which has been concluded between
Harvard University and the Massa
chusetts Institute of Technology. Both
institutions are 'ell established and
highly respectable. For many years
they have been flourishing side by-
side without much reference to com
mon or conflicting interests and with
out any particular regard to the wel
fare of the community. Each has
gone its own haughty way-and let the
outside world wag as it would. Of
late years a new light has broken
upon them. Somebody has ham
mered a totally new set of principles
into the venerable heads that control
the two institutions. They are summed
up in the precept that "educational
institutions existing 'for the good of
the community should have a single
eye to the community's good." Their
own pride should be left out of the
question altogether and so should the
local Interests which happen to cling
around them. In pursuance of this
new doctrine the Institute of Tech
nology and Harvard University have
redistributed their courses of study.
The university is to retain, of
course, the literary and classical
branches. It is also to conduct those
advanced theoretical studies which
form the pride and glory of every
genuine institution cf higher learning.
Such courses are the theory of func
tions and the geometry of position in
mathematics, with differential equa
tions and the modern theory of
groups. In languages instruction will
naturally be given in comparative
grammar and philology.' In science
students will be guided in modern
laboratory investigations, taking up
lines of work which in Europe have
led to the discovery of radium and
the germ theory of medicine.
Such is the work of an honestly
conducted university. It leaves the
applications of science and art to the
technical schools. Hence the Massa
chusetts Institute of Technology is to
take over all the engineering courses,
civil, electrical, irrigation engineering
and so on. These branches are not
suitable for a literary university, while
they are eminently suited for a tech
nical school. It is believed that this
definite division of work between the
two institutions will be highly advan
tageous for both. It will relieve the in.
structors of many burdens. It will
heal old dissensions. It will concen
trate the strength of each upon its
true mission. It will be economical
for the community.
To be sure, both Harvard and the
Institute of Technology are supported
by private subscriptions, but the bur
den is felt nevertheless when two
schools situated within a few miles of
each other are continually demand
ing aid for duplicated "work. The in
stitute students are to have literary
and economic training sufficient for
their needs, but the main teaching at
their, school is to be in applied sci
ence. ; The university, on the other
hand, is to drop all its engineering
courses and devote itself strictly to
university work. The solution Is a
happy one. It might well be imitated
in other localities.
AXOTHER REM1XISCEXT.
Sir William Robertson Nicoll has
been a conspicuous figure in London
journalism for many years. One of
his principal occupations has been
writing book reviews. This he finally
expanded so widely that he was em
ployed to review the same work in a
dozen different periodicals, to the dis
comfiture of the authors, who thought
they ought to be dissected by a new
hand in each Instance. ' Several of-
them finally united to attack Sir Wil
liam and his wholesale review meth
ods but nothing came of it. On the
contrary, his business enlarged until
it became something of a trust. Ob
taining a review of a new book in
London Was like buying gasolene in
this country. The article could always
be traced back to the same source of
supply. This prolific reviewer has
now written a book of his own and
perhaps his former antagonists may
improve the opportunity to take their
revenge. He calls his volume "A
Bookman's Letters," but it is made up
largely of his reminiscences of various
men. George Meredith is one to whom
he pays particular attention.
Like every other critic he has a de
cided opinion upon Meredith's style.
That great genius never was popular
In his lifetime and the restricted vogue
he once had is now waning. It will
not be long before his novels are rele
gated to the top shelves in the libraries
and the reason for it is his wilful dis
regard of clearness. Sir William Rob
ertson Nicoll says that he "cultivated
a stammer," meaning, of course, that
he made his sentences as obscure as
he could. Meredith despised the pub
lic and scorned to write for ordinary
readers. He made a great point of
addressing nobody but exceptionally
clever people. Nicoll tells a story of
orje of Meredith's books, that may very
well be true of them all. When the
first draft was completed it was in
pure, limpid and intelligible English.
Had It gone through the press as it
was it must have pleased everybody.
But before publication Meredith re
vised the manuscript and "translated"
It into his own peculiar dialect, which
only a few even profess to under
stand. An author who will play tricks
of that kir.4 upon the public deserves
the oblivion, which, hastens to swallow
him up.
Meredith gained a great name in
literature' before he died and his fame
is probably secure, but it Is a- verbal
fame merely. It never will be vital
like that of Dickens, which is a great
pity for he was a powerful thinker
whose weapons were always turned
against injustice. Macaulay is an
other literary man of whom Nicoll has
a good deal to say, though his knowl
edge of the historian was only second
hand. Macaulay was addicted to poli
tics, far too much so for the good of
his history. He served in Parliament
and plumed himself upon his ora
torical powers. From all accounts he
was much the same cort of a public
speaker as our own esteemed Edward
Everett Hale, orotund, elaborate and
classical. Hale, as the reader well
knows, was engaged to speak at Get
tysburg on the' same ' platform with
Lincoln and came first upon the pro
gramme. ' When ho had finished his
amtetdelress'..LineoJtt. hardly dared
to deliver his brief oration, which was
simple and homely. It scarcely con
sumed five minutes, but it became
immortal while Hale's effort has been
pretty well forgotten. The length and
elaborateness of a speech do not de
termine its value.
Nicoll describes two of Macaula3-'s
ineffective orations which he had pre.
pared with great ere. One was de
livered on the street at Edinburgh
during a political campaign.. It was
grave, scholarly, and ought to have
been convincing, but unluckily it was
not. Macaulay -was followed on the
stump by a Chartist speaker, one of
the unwashed mob, who completely
eclipsed him. Macaulay had accused
the Chartists of being "conservatives,"
much as if someone should charge Mr.
Eugene Debs with standpatism. This
rough and ready opponent mounted
the platform and sl'outed, "The Chart
ists conservative? Many of them have
not a bed to lie on. Many have no
food to eat. The Chartists conserva
tive? Merciful God. they have noth
ing to conserve. The mob cheered
and Macaulay was lost. His other
geat oration described by Nicoll suf
fered a similar -disaster.
The-prizes of oratory do not always go
to the orotund voice and the classical
scholar, outside the colleges, at any
rate. It often enough happens that
a man with a little, wheezy voice and
no manner whatever manages to Im
press the crowd with his sincerity.
They discover, in spite of his elocu
tionary faults, that he has something
to say and means it from the bottom
of his heart and thenceforward he has
his own way with them. Sincerity
counts for a great deal more upon the
modern platform than any mere
rhetorical graces. A really good pub
lic speaker is usually something of a
mindreader. He gauges the mental
agility- of his hearers and never goes
too fast for them. Short sentences
and slow delivery are his reliance. The
ornamental style befits Senators like
the late Mr. Bailey, who have much
to explain. ' For almost everybody
else it has gone out of fashion.
Sir William Robertson Nicoll's long
experience in writing book reviews
makes his opinions upon the art of
criticism extremely valuable. One of
his shrewdest observations is that a
critic never ought to review an en
emy's book. If he does his spite is
likely to poison all he says and may
even lead him to pervert the truth.
Nicoll cites an awful example of this
in Robert Buchanan, who detested
almost every other writer and pouttd
out all his gall into his book notices.
The product was a mass of stuff, some
of which our author bluntly oalls
"lies." "I hope it is not necessary to
argue." says Sir William sagely, "that
criticism inspired in this fashion is
evil and that it brands the name of
the perpetrator. Buchanan is a warn
ing to all critics.'' It is molasses and
not vinegar that catches flies.
An Omaha high school boy has
broken the world's heavy weight-lift
ing record. It would be far raorf
edifying to read now and then that
some sort of scholarship record had
been shattered.
Another way to regard the Fels
fund is that it can do no possible
harm in this well-bnlanced state,
while at the same time it will put a
few thousand dollars into circulation.
President Wilson will name the -officials
who must pass on Wilson land
holdings. But this rare privilege will
be only an annoyance to President
Wilson.
Vancouver's -arriage license
monopoly is losing its grip. Possibly
the supply of Portlanders who want
the free and easy license has run
short.
Colonel Goethals Is willing to be
come a police commissioner of New
York. He seems to have grown
strangely careless of what becomes of
him. -
H that idle arm,y was -willing to
expend half the energy in useful work
that it uses up in marching it would
quickly vanish for want of member
ship. ,
A three-legged cat having won the
highest award, we would recommend
a special prize for someone who
could breed a voicele . variety.
Five thousand dollars having been
paid for a rare flea, San Francisco
has a new field of wealth at hand, or
on foot, as the case may be.
Children of the Woodlawn School
have saved morj than $5000. Which
is another interesting sidelight on
Portland's prosperity.
The population of Portland has in
creased 14 per cent in three 'years.
The rush to get in on a ood thing is
still on, moreover.
Indians in New Mexico are to pre
sent their views of the order against
sun dancing. They may point t.o our
tango, for example.
Huerta is now believed to be on the
point of resigning. What wonderful
speculative tenacity they have at
Washington.
Professor Taft boasts thirty-five
pairs of trousers. This sedentary life
is hard on them and demands a big
supply.
The state may adopt timeclocks.
Yes, care must be taken- to see that
none of the employes work overtime.
Heavy frozen meat shipments are
enroute from Australia. Enough to
give the American beef trust a chill.
President Yuan has ordered the
metric system established in China.
Now for a fresh revolution.
If we sent several million as a
Japanese relief fund would they build
warships with the money?
As to the plans Just elaborated for
fortifying the Hawaiians, aren't we a
trifle slow about it?
All countries are planning to keep
out the Hindu.' What will the poor
Hindu?
After the primaries comes the Rose
Festival. Time surely has wings.
This is a hard Winter on the deal
ers in overcoats.
The Bryan diplomacy is getting into
deep water.
But why aren't there- more women
candidates?. , , . ,
Gleams Through the, Mist
By Dean Collins.
Ode to a. Modern Maid.
Phyllis, my vision. Heaven-blest,
You have a system, pedagogic,
Ot handing to me to digest
Of late, an awful bunch of logic.
Since you lt-t china painting be.
And dropped your music course, advandns;
To tackle sociology
Co-ordinate with, tango dancing.
Glibly you tell me how the times
Are out of joint and show me plainly.
Oppressed mankind in many climes
Is yelling for assistance vainly;
The social system you dissect
And classify, and in your booking
Show all the things we must correct,
Which lawmakers are overlooking.
Familiarly the names you cite
Of authors on those subjects sotemn;
You quote the hefty things they write
By lengthy column after column;
You hit the thing in every phase
Of poor humanity's oppression.
And knock out every point I raise.
With the sarenest self-possession.
Phyllis, you do out-argue me.
And rout completely all my forces;
Make me admit that all things be
According to your reading courses.
Yet I'm not broken; only bent;
I cast your logic in a flurry.
With my one. master argument;
Thus I express it: "I should worry 1"
-
Hfstorians -tell how Rome was once
saved by the squawking of a flock of
geese and varied cults of amateur re
formers have been trying to apply the
same system to society ever since.
(This jibe is not directed at the afore
mentioned Phyllis, however.)
.
Solemn Thought.
Japan aa!n hath come to make
A rather sharp Interrogation
About what steps will Bryan take
On antl-alien le-islation.
Orc.-it Bryan, fix this question vexed;
No further let the pesky thing go;
It furnishes too good a text
For the forever-talking Jingo.
mm
"Sir." said the courteous office boy,
"I have here a merry quip, as follows:
"When you get tired of dancing at the
seashore, come back to the city and
watch the tan go.' "
"Boy,." T chlded. "that jest has been
cribbed out of the August pigeonhole,
and "
"True, master: but I was afraid it
wouldn't keep till August."
"Correct, as always," I concluded,
"for of a truth this tango stuff is
growing wondrous stale."
(For a warning and an example to
myself and the courteous office boy. I
reprint the following from the prolific
pen of Anon:
A wise man once said to his son;
"'Whenever you thinlr of a pun.
Go out in the yard.
And kick yourself hard
And let me begin when you're don:"
"What do you think of a man whose)
name is Archibald Cecil' Smith?"
"Well, if he's a regular good fellow,"
replied ray friend, Bim. judicially, "T
take it that he has not lived up to the
1 ideals of his parents.'"
If Eongfellow Came to Portland.
The day is cold and damp and dreary;
It rains, and the wind is never weary:
The limpid stream in tl;e gutter sloshes
Over the tops of my goloshes.
And the day is damp and dreary.
Chiik up a bit. and smile, old fella:
You've got a raincoat and '-umbrella."
This rain that vexes your spirit so
Makes roses bigger than cabbage grow.
So you should gurgle with Joy. although .
The day may be damp and dreary.
It was the session of the Circle of
Silence among the Yoga. The Swamt
Bugahadhur, that non-ref lllable bottle
of universal truth, raised his eyes and
projected into the vibrations of the
universe the following remarks:
Which nobody can deny.
Passing It On.
Our granddads make a lot of noise.
On how they won prosperity;
But there ain't no use talkin', boys.
Things ain't quite what they used to be.
Salt Lake Herald.
Our granddr.ds make :i lot of noise.
While traveling on nimble legs;
But not one of those old. old boys
E'er saw such prices paid for egss.
Los Angeles Express.
Our granddads make a lot of noise
Concerning how they got their dough;
Cash registers, when they were boys.
Had not yet been installed, you know.
Chicago Record-Herald.
Our granddads make a lot of noise
Of how they saved and made their piles
But grandma didn't ask, my boys.
For tango teas and Paris styles.
m
Approximate History.
41,827 B. C. Jethro Wolfbristle says:
"I don't recollect when we've had such
a mild Winter since back in the season
of 42,469."
3420 B. C. Methuselah publishes in
terview in the West Eden Gazette on
"How to Diet and Exercise for Longev
ity." 1121 B. C. Daedalus and Icarus found
the aviator's club, of which Darius
Green later became president.
931 B. C. Dido, Queen of Carthage,
brings suit for divorce against Aeneas
on grounds of desertion. Italy refuses
to grant extradition papers.
693 B. C. (or thereabouts) Lars
Porsena. of Clusium. establishes the
long-distance record for profanity.
George W. Horatius is commended by
the Roman Aldermen for his faithful
services as a bridge-tender.
1521 A. D. Martin Luther summoned
to the Diet of Worms, and amateur his
torians thereafter suffer considerable
confusion as to medieval fashions In
breakfast foods. Quotation "Nobody
loves me, I'm going to the garden, etc.,"
erroneously attributed by some to
aforementioned M. Luther.
Mr. Shepherd'a Fifth Race.
PORTLAND, Or., Jan. 22. (To the
Editor.) Please state in your columns
the number of times George S. Shep
herd has run for the Republican nomi
nation, for Congress and the results of
the races in which he has participated.
VOTER.
Mr. Shepherd has run four times for
the Republican nomination for Con
gress. In 1906, 1908 and 1910 he ram
in the old Second District, which em
braced Clatsop, Columbia and Multno
mah counties and a large portion of
Eastern Oregon, and in 1912 he ran in
the Third District, which embraces
Multnomah County only.
The vote for Congressman in each of
these primaries was as follows:
1900.
W. R. Ellis, of t-matllla 7.7154
George S. Shepherd, of Multnomah... 5,TU
W. J. Lachner. ot Baker 4.STt:t
John L. Rand, of Baker S.'JOS
19 (18.
W. R. Ellis, of Vmattila 11.813
George S. Shepherd, of Multnomah....
T. T. Geer. of Umatilla S.273
1910.
A. W. Lofferty, of Multnomah .92
W. R. F.llis. of Umatilla 7.3'JK
J. Reed, of Multnomah r,0H4
George S. Shepherd, of Multnomah.... 11. Gull
191?.
A. W. T.afferty. of Multnomah 9.SSS
t Gantenbeln, of Multnomah 8 2rtt
Ralph C. Clyde, of Multnomah ., 4.K47
George s. 6b.epb.erd. of Multnomah.. . 8.SSZ
0