T7IE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, DECEMBER 14, 1913.
ces En
fy&ccc? Toys rbr?
Ocf Santa This Ve3
Santa Claus HasBeen a RusvAan TKisan
Many Wonderful Changes Seen in Xmas
Displays Where Old Santa Now Has
His Handiwork on Exhibition.
Hew Ha
-t
AVE you perped Into Santa Claus'
sack this year?
So? Don't delay, then. Go
over to oce of the toylands In Port
land's stores and take a look at the
wonderful realm of happiness. There
are many surprise. It's an altogether
lien- toyland this year.
From the looks of things old Santa
has licni unusually Ingenious during
the last 12 months. He has filled his
toyland with new faces and forms.
New smiles appear in the animal king
dom; dolls look different; mechanical
toys have seen many changes; trains
look different and run differently;
aerial toys have entered the field;
there are new kinds of games and
new innovations In a hundred and one
other parts of the toy kingdom.
This Is not to say that the array of
things that have made up toyland here
lierctofore are not to be found. Nearly
everything that has caused smiles and
Joy In young Portland In years past Is
to be found again this time, but there
are so many new things that the gen
eral aspect of the happy toyland Is
different.
The practical. Instead of articles of
mere amusement, predominates among
toys this year. Things meant to cause
Idle amusement have taken a back
eat. while things which cause study,
work or amusement along practical
lines as well as smiles and enjoyment
occupy the footlights and are expected
to meet with the best results In the
general Christmas rush.
Mechanical construction toys, en
gines with interesting parts, toys that
arouse curiosity, dolls that cause little
girls to learn about dress and care
games that cause study, research and
concentration; dollhouses, which have
parts that create interest In house.
keeping; animals which cause Interest
and study, and toys of all classes
which have something more than idle
amusement In their makeup are rated
in the stores as the best sellers.
Nobody watches the trend of the
times as does old Santa Clans and
there is no better place to note prog
ress In world affairs than In his toy
lands. In the mighty workshop In
the frigid north some of the greatest
brains In the world are busy schem
ing new toys for the annual holiday
season. As a result there Is but little
new In the world that does not make
Its mark In toyland In the form of
something to entertain or educate the
youngsters of the country.
Wonderful changes in dolls are noted
this year. Character babies with
skin, hair, moving eyes, teeth and
tongue and other new and distinguish
ing features hold full swing. The old
china doll is a back number, as are
also to a large extent some of the
character dolls and babies which were
In the lead last Christmas.
The newest In dolls stands about 10
Inches In height with eyes that move
and teeth and tongue that will move.
This doll's mouth is so constructed
that a small comforter can be placed
In Its mouth Just the same as In the
mouth of a real baby. There are
some varieties of dolls which will by
the mere pressure of a button on the
head actually sucli milk from a bot
tle. One the latest doll's hair Is made
of the fur of an animal, which en
ables the hair to be washed without
damage.
Many new types of unbreakable dolls
have entered the field. In i (eating that
there is a strong demand for a class of
dolls that cannot be smashed up by
carolesa children. So strong has been
the trend toward the unbreakable that
all-wood dolls have been turned out
this year. They are jointed and con
structed much the same as the old
forms excepting that they cannot be
broken.
In tne German-made dolls the latest
Is real eyelashes on both eyelids as
well as the usual eyebrows above the
Dr. Hugo Dinger Says the Drama Is the Most Misunderstood
of All Arts, and in Advocating a Renaissance of the Theater,
He Suggests That Every High School Have Chair, for
, Dramatic Art.
Professor Dlrrer has the only chair In
dframaturg y ever given at a university. HI
re-ent work "Dramaturge ala Wlasenaehaf f
Dramaturgy aa a Science!, has been widely
read and cilcueed In Germany, and has, in
fact, vlrtualty laid a foundation to the study
of an art which ha, up to the present been
bet vnaueiy reroirnlzed. rrofrnor Dinger
was for many years dramaturgist at the
ourt Theater at Melnlnsen. and his exper
ience enable him to nalt with authority
on this subject both from a practical as
well as a theoretical standpoint.
BY PR. irfOO PtSOER
Trofesaor of Irainaturrr of the University
of Jena.
BltAVE been asked to give an out
line of the theory which I-have de-
veloped on dramatic art. and It
Elves me pleasure to comply with this
request, especially as I realize that at
the present moment the problem of the
theater and Its art Is becoming more
and more a question of vital Interest
In the intellectual life of the day.
ity theory of the art of the drama Is
now in that It stands directly opposed
to the popular conception of dramatic
art. Aristotle, in bis "Poetics," may be
regarded as the originator of the
popular conception, although It has de
veloped during the succeeding ages
through various systems of aesthetics.
Tlic new theory or dramatic art has.
to some extent, aroused a feeling of
antagonism, particularly among men of
letters. On the other hand, however,
j'r;:ctti-:il artists of the theater have
coinoided with my views with no small
amount of enthusiasm. There Is no
real r.ason why the fundamental Idea
of thU theory should arouse either a
fee'.lng of surprise or antagonism, for I
believe it has been on the verge of
creation for some time.
Approves Crala'a Coaeeptloa.
Kdward Gordon Craig, who has ap-prouchi-d
the subject of the stage and
l's art from the standpoint of an artist,
has developed In his book. "The Art
of the Theater." a conception of dra
matic art which. In its elements, has my
hearty approval. The theoretical writ
ings of Richard Wagner also contain
eyes. These in the very latest are
made of real hair Instead of being
painted on the face as heretofore. Hand
painted dolls are also a new German
creation. Theso novelties are made of
canvas with tho features daintily paint
ed on by hand with oil paints.
Character dolls of many new and In
teresting types have put In an appear
ance. There are funny looking young
sters with big eyes and blfr heads;
others with big eyes and little beads,
and sttU others with little eyes and big
heads. Thero are all kinds of smiles
and expressiona It would seem that
every factory In the world has been
trying to turn out a supply of new
character dolls. The result Is Interest
ing. Dolls are well supplied with furnish
ings this year. There has appeared in
toyland every trinket that has been
produced for men and women. There
are wash bowls, fur sets, gloves,
clothes of all kinds, union suits, opera
glasses, goggles, bags, eyeglasses, ear
rings, hair ornaments and a little of
everything else all made In sizes to fit.
In the doll ward Is found high school
girls, being different from dolls In that
they resemble middle-aged school rlrla
These are distinctly new.
In toyland s animal kingdom there
are many Interesting sights this time.
Many new fHces and mary new smiles
have put In an appearance. The
makers have gone down the list mak
ing models of all the real animals In
tho world, and then have resorted to
Imagination to make Santa's animal
realm completo in every detail, 6m lies
are tho order of the year. Everv ani
mal cither has a fixed smile on his face
or can bo made to smile by the adjust
ing or nis race with bulbs or serines
or in some other way.
A new creation Is a walking grunt
ing Pig that behaves so remarkably
that he might easily be mistaken for
a real live pig. Tho winding of a spring
sets Dim to walking hog-like across the
floor and grunting at each steD in a
most interesting and natural way. Cats
are thero with real cat fur. They re
semble stuffed cats, although it Is said
mat tney are made of cloth with cat
fur stretched over. Some of them purr
like real tabbies. The animal kingdom
n almost au tne Portland stores ha
Noah's ark backed oft the map when it
comes to numbers and varieties of ani
mals. There Is not an animal that has
ooen Blighted rrom the lowliest grass
hopper to the mightiest beast of tha
jungle.
Of Interest In some of the toylands
are rainiaturo animals carved from
wood. These. It is said, come from the
Thurlngla mountains in Saxe Meinin.
gen. Germany, where they are made by
children.
In mechanical toys there r. manv
Innovations this year. Among the in
teresting things are airships and aero
planes mat actually tir. Trere ira ta
be found actual working models of
standard machines. There are aero
planes "knocked down" In boxes which
can be put together and sailed.
In mechanical construction tovs In
teresting changes have been made. Toys
are provided this year for the construc
tion of buildings. bridges, elevator
shafts, houses, railroads, tunnels,
churches, steeples and other things In
manner as exact as might be re
quired In erecting such structures for
real use. The mechanical sets have
been worked down to such a fine point
that one set can be used In building
103 different models of structures.
In the harbor of Toyland are seen a
number of new things keeping tab with
advances of the world In navigation.
There are real diving torpedo boats;
batleshlps that actually fire guns and
have propelling machinery; life-saving
boats that do everything the real boats
In the service do; modern new passen
ger steamers, ferry boats and new
types of submarine boats.
In the machinery world Is found for
the first time this year the steam
roller, similar In every respect to the
rollers which are used In street pav
ing. These, standing not more than
three or four Inches high, are operated
by steam. There are all kinds of farm
machines, including tractors, steam
plows, threshing machines and the like.
suggestions on similar lines, as the
careful reader will discover. In con
clusion. I would like to emphasize the
fact that my own theories are the out
come of exhaustive studies in aesthet
ics and of several years' practical
experience as dramaturgist In Melnln
gen. According- to tradition, dramatic art
belongs to the category of poetic art,
and Is considered a minor art of poetry.
It Is, bowever. Impossible to explain
the peculiar nature of this art from a
purely poetical point of view.
Dramatic art developed originally
neither from epio nor lyric poetry, but
from that form of presentation known
as "be dance. The "book" Is the out
come of a much later development. The
phylog of dramatlo art does not prove,
that epic, lyric and dramatic poetry"
had a common source. Hut the In
dividual appearances of these different
forms of art show that they have
developed along parallel lines. For
this reason, the stage presentation is a
factor which must be reckoned with In
all dramatic pieces. It does not come
within the category of either epic or
lyric poetry, and, therefore. It must
be considered as a combination of two
arts poetry and the art of the thea
ter' better expressed, perhaps, as
"stage art."
Dividing Llaea la Art.
The traditional view of dramatic art
leads to theoretical complications as
soon as one attempts to comprehend
It In Its entirety. If this form of
poetry Is expressed through the medium
of another art on the stage and here
lies the main point would It not be
a contradiction to class dramatic art
with poetry?
We have looked upon poetry as the
most Important factor, and upon the
representation as merely an auxiliary
art. The representation remains In a
dominant position as an art, notwith
standing its dependence upon the other
and its own menial character, simply
because It is Impossible to include one
within the other. Nor can dramatic art
be olassed as poetry, for the same
There are many Improvements In the
steam train field. Trains are seen now
with electric headlights and electric
lighted coaches. These travel along
tracks that have electrlo arc lights
Ion? the sides and are operated In
accordance with electrlo block signal
switches and electrlo signals at street
crossings. There has been turned out
long, attractive-looking tunnels, exten
sive bridges and artistio depots. The
depot "buildings have been fitted with
telegraph stations mail boxes, baggage
trucks, garbage boxes and other con
veniences, the same as real depots. In
freight cars thero have been turned out
this year exact models of real cars.
Toy automobiles have changed almost
as much as real automobiles have. This
year there are exact models of all
makes of autos. They are fitted with
garage's, horns, folding tops, electrlo
lights and the other parts which are a
part of the real machines. In the au
tomobile world this year there are
runabouts, taxicabs, slgnt-seelng cars,
police patrols, ail kinds of automobile
fire apparatus, trucks, and a little of
everything else. All are reproduced in
Cjo CvkiiW Have a Cid i i-fo r
reason. This. therefore. completely
overthrows that system which definitely
draws the line of each art according
to its Indivtdunl nature.
The reason for this contradiction lies
In the fai-t that both of the supposed
parts regarded as separate arts are of
a heterogeneous nature. The art of
poetry works only through the me
dium of the abstract Imagination which
It arouses through words, written or
spoken. And In this poetry Is In a
sphere of Its own art. Hero It stands
alone among all the arts. Dramatic
art, however. Is based upon the con
crete semblance. Though dramatic art
has much In common with poetry by
the direct poetic means, yet it can
never find complete expression in
poetry, and, therefore, cannot be looked
upon as a subordinate art of poetry.
This purely theoretical reasoning Is
verified In the practice of the art Itself.
A dramatic composition may be ever
so rich In poesy, but so long as it
does not set forth all the objective ex
periences In a dramatic form on the
stage It will not be successful. Where
as, the simple theatrical work, devoid
of all poesy and Intellectual depth,
will achieve success even though its
aesthetic worth may be of the slight
est. Thus a practical conclusion Is
reached. There aould be less approval
actual models,
realistic as real
appearing almost as
machines.
In games the
feature this year is
of mechanical acting, a more serious
and deeper art of the stage would be
developed, ami fewer dramatic poets
would be mistaken for stage dram
atists. If this problem were more uni
versally understood. The dramatist
must not only give as poetry which
has an Independent valuo of Its own,
but must follow the rules whfth con
crete art demands as absolutely neces
sary for Its special needs and Its
aesthetic effect. And we dramaturgists
would not have to waste so much time
In reading and returning amateur work
if It were more generally known and
appreciated that In order to create an
effective drama It is not sufficient
merely to express poetic thoughts In
beautiful, flowing verses.
Kvery art has Its own technique,
which rauft be studied. The technique
of the drma Is totally different from
that of epic or lyric poetry, for the
aesthetic means as well as the aesthetic
results are different and depend solely
upon our abstract or concrete concep
tion of It- On this alone rests the dif
ference between poetry and the "book"
of the dramatist, the much-discussed
difference between tho epos and the
drama; for the epos, whose aesthetic
means is only the abstract imagina
tion, must describe persons, actions
and conditions.
Certain It la that only when the ma
f .
IIM.jg
baseball. There are about SO different
games based upon baseball. Among
them are many entirely new and unique.
Other games are for the most part so
arranged as to cause research and study
on the part of children rather than Idle
amusement. An Interesting new game
Is that involving the changing of the
appearance of a village by moving the
houses about. The houses, built of
carrlbdard. are fastened down on a
sticky substance which holds them In
any position they may be placed.
Toy cook stoves have got to the point
now where they can be made of practi
cal use In teaching little girls to cook.
Dva malic Avl
jority of those who write plays begin
to have an Insight Into the real na
ture of the art and. to become familiar
witu its aesthetic conditions will good
and great works of art be produced.
The most misunderstood of all aria to
day li the drama.
i If we srarch for the reason of the
mistaken duallstle conception of dra
matic art. It can be found, in the first
plare. In the fact that the division of
work between the creator of the poetry
and the creator of the concrete represen
tation has been widened by a theoreti
cal gulf. These two factors have been
separated without Its being realised
that they cannot form two separate
arts, but must be combined in order
tci present one complete art the art
of the drama.
To me dramatic art appears, as a
whole, an entirety, an art complete In
itself. We see on the stago one en
tire art representation, not simply the
art of poetry and the art of acting
separately.
rin IHffer la Preaeatattoa.
The theoretical conclusions which I
have arrived at. therefore, may be
briefly outlined as follows: All arts
diti'er from one another solely In the
possibilities of their presentation. Tho
material of all art, though It may be
changed, idealised or eliminated, la
still of tha world, tha outer world.
There are toy stoves in the market
which will hold fire and will cook.
They will burn coal or wood. Along
with these are Interesting new play
houses. There are houses built of wood
which resemble small homes from the
outside. On the side is a door, into
which a child can crawl to play house.
The dor Is fitted with a real electric
doorbell.
For the especial benefit of small girls,
there Is seen In Toyland this year an
unusually large number of models of
kitchens. In these are furniture and
supplies of every kind. For the benefit
of boys, there are miniature butcher
shops, postoffices, railway stations and
the like.
In outdoor playthings there are many
innovations. In play automobiles there
are machines which are almost exact
duplicates of real machines. They have
wind shields, horns, hoods and all. and
have clutches which make It possible
either to coast or to "pump" the ma
chine by hand.
It would be possible to go on. page
after page, explaining the new crea
m MJ jw s
lnveiv tSidto b choc C .
D
whl-h is the intermediary of our senses
and our understanding with the Inner
world, which we alone produce in our
souls end which we cherish and foster.
From a combination of both we
achieve art. but the outer world,
through which we receive all our im
pressions, cannot be presented to us
through any combination of the arts
in exactly the same way as it appears
to our Inner world. For there It ap
pears to us simultaneously in space
and time. Now, can art create objects
which are both space and time to
gether? Can It create a figure, for in
stance, like Achilles, which the sculp
tor hews out of marble, as an artistic
creation which is concrete, and present
It to us alive, full of movement, show
ing us that something which a man in
his natural life would convey to our
eye? No. not even a flower bed in al!
Its glorious colors, nor a butterfly
which flits from blossom to blossom,
nor a linden tree whoso branches sway
In tho wind. nor a murmuring
brook, nor a bird which sings, can art
create. If art would create anything
it must of necessity bo one-sided, giv
ing only a part of the living vision.
fr It -an only present that which is j
e liner in space or inai wnicn is in
tune.
Two large groups of art. therefore.
stand opposite to each other the con
tions in Toyland. but suffice it to" say
that old Santa Claus has been on the
job the past year and has had his mind
working along new lines, and as a re
sult young minds of Portland will have
many new lines of study, play and ex
perience to follow as soon as old Santa
finishes his work of filling up the
stockings on Christmai Eve.
Vko C am Beat Thlsf
Chiistlan Herald.
Henry fcallinger. of Coeur d'Alene.
Idaho, has kept a diary contlnously
since September 18, ls54.
.Miss Laura Gwinnup. of Vail, N. X,
h.is kept a diary 6lnce November 17.
1SS4. not missing a day. and R. C
Weaver, of Findley Lake, N. T., has
kept one since April 1. 1S54, six months
lonjrer than Mr. Balllnger. Mr. Weaver
is eighty-seven ye-irs of age and reads
without glasses.
A Wonui'i Be.tuty Sleep.
Upplncott's.
JIany a woman's beauty sleep is
realy a cat nap.
crete, relating to space, and the ab
stract, relating to time- To which aide,
then, does dramatic art belong? To
neither. The desire to see living reality
In a living manner and to give It a liv
ing form is something that we cannot
quite suppress. Therelore, the need for
representing form surpasses those lim
itations: emotional life requires and
must have an emotional art, and this Is
given by the drama. Dramatic art occu
pies a quite exceptional position; bv
means of place and time it represents
perfect, living, moving reality, physical
and spiritual beings.
I have spoken of a "sacrifice" pecu
liar to dramatic art. The possibility
of tliis representation can only be
achieved with a deficiency which, in
comparison with the other arts of space
and time. Is very Important. It is only
necessary to consider the great differ
ence of the aesthetic appearances in the
plastlo arts and the drama In order to
feel the value of this deficiency. The
products of the art of space are the fin
est formation of material.
On an a. tar In Ghent there Is to be
seen a picture painted by the brothers
Van Eyck; with the aid of a magnify
ing glass one can discern in this picture
the most wonderful artistic charms and
delicacy. In. the drama, on the other
(Concluded oa Paca 73 T