THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, NOVEMBER 2, 1913.
WORLD'S NOTABLES SNAPPED ON FILMS OF NEWS CAMERA!
Prominent Actors on Everyday Stage Caught in Typical Poses.
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with the British Foreign Office and I & ,tf V3T ' " ' '
wiil be stationed at Constantinople. 1 "S!.
Dr. Walter H. Page, the American - " v . Vw -s- ' 't t 4 ' Laf" .T?"?"" J rfiSt S
Ambassador to England, has rented the & ' ' t n " ; " rStlkf ' s l-V.X ' ' '
house at 6 Grosvenor Square, one of I V ' v ' M2L ' VV - -IL " ' "" t
the fashionable quarters of London r - ,. . - , JZ!!K -
thur of Connausht to the Duchess of J : fSS&& M TT
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NEW YORK. Nov. 1 (Special.)
A recent wedding: in England that
attracted much attention was
that of Miss Victoria Sackville-West
and Harold Nicholson of the Foreign
Office. The bride Is a daughter of
Lady Sackville-West, who recently es
tablished her rights, in a sensational
law suit before the London courts, to
a large part of the fortune left by the
late Sir John Murray Scott and whose
amazing career reads like a fairy
story. Lady Sackville opposed the
marriage of her daughter to young
Nicholson, for she had planned a bril
liant marriage for her daughter. Miss
Victoria, however, was determined to
marry Nicholson and Lady Sackville
was forced to give in. She was not
present at the wedding, but it was de
clared the reason for this was the
state of her health. Although Lady
Sackville-West was not well enough
to be present at the marriage of her
daughter. Miss Victoria Sackville-West,
to Harold Nicholson, she appeared
with the young couple in public and
thus showed that although she was
much disappointed in her -daughter's
choice of a husband, she had given her
consent to the wedding and was try
ing to make the best of it. Her gifts
to her daughter were unique in .value
and beauty and she took infinite care
and trouble in arranging the marriage
ceremony. Nicholson Is a son of Sir
Arthur Nicholson. He is connected
In Paris, where the automobile was
popular before the American manufac
turer ever thought of bringing it to
the perfection of its present stote, the
street cleaning department has started
an innovation in the removal of the
garbage and accumulation of its refuse
by using a specially constructed motor
truck for this purpose. The body of
the car Is built of galvanized iron
with covers of the same material so
arranged that they slip over one an
other, thereby hermetically sealing the
car when loaded. Covered over as it
is, the usual spectacle of an army
of flies following in the wake of the
garbage wagon, so familiar to the
sight of Americans, is eliminated, and
the odors which ordinarily arise from
a wagonload of garbage are not forced
upon the people as In our own big
cities.
The latest and most useful novelty
in the motorcycle line Is the product
of the Williamson people of Coventry,
England. It is a three-wheeled motor
cycle with side carriage capable of
holding two passengers comfortably.
The top of the side car is collap
sible. The cycle is equipped with an
eight horsepower water-cooled motor.
The diminutive size of the whole car
is what will appeal to those who have
little space, yet wish for something
larger than the ordinary motorcycle
and yet not so large as the regula
tion motor car. As the poor man's
car this will probably fill a long-felt
want.
This is a recent photograph of the
royal family of Russia. It is rumored
that a visit of the stork is expected
in the Toyal household. The rumor
originates in the departure of the
Czarina's physician for Livadia to join
the ImDerlal family. The Czsr and
Czarina now have five children, as
follows: Grand Duchess Olga, born
November 15, 1S95; Grand Duchess
Tatiana, born June 10, 1897: Grand
Duchess Marie, born June 26, 1899;
Grand Duchess Anastasta. born June
18. 1901, and the Grand Duke Alexis,
born August 12, 1904.
with gas,
tation?
Constipation is sure to cause more or
less trouble with the throat. The vocal
cords are likely to become congested,
and the person is more subject to fre
quent colds because of the local irri
tation. An intimate relation exists
between the different portions of the
alimentary canal. Congestion of the
lower end of the bowel is sure to ag
gravate and increase any catarrhal con
dition of the mucous membrane of the
throat and larynx.
If one desires to keep the voice soft,
flexible and sweet, among other tilings
he should avoid all condiments, much
candy, fried foods, fatty, greasy foods,
coarse vegetables. No difficult singing
should be attempted after eating a full
meal; however, many singers take a
light lunch one or two hours before
singing.
The "alcohol voice," and the "smok
er's voice" are well known among
physicians. Alcohol Irritates the lin
ing1 membrane of the mouth and
throat, and causes congestion; in time
these surfaces become hardened. The
vocal cords are thickened, and lose
their flexibility. Smoking causes mus
cular relaxation, and keeps the vocal
cords in a state of irritation. The
voice becomes more harsh. It loses its
sweet resonance.
The "clergyman's sore throat" is an
affection commonly found among pub
lic speakers. This may be due to a
number of conditions, such as speaking
in cold, damp air, speaking in poorly
ventilated rooms, but the most com
mon cause is a faulty use of the voice
while speaking, and improper breath
ing. Some ministers and some singers
are good performers on the larynx.
Judging from the effort made one
would think that all their power of
voice was produced by the muscles
of the throat. Such abuse of the voice
not only does injury to the delicate
structures of the "voice box," but it
lacerates the ears of those who have
to listen. The voice can not hold up
long under such strain. At the end
of an hour a speaker or singer is ex
hausted, and the voice is husky.
The delicate little muscles in the
larynx are there for the purpose of
PURE AIR, PROPER BREATHING, DIET,
CLOTHES NECESSARY TO GOOD VOICE
Women Born to Breathe Like Men, Says Physician, but Corsets and Mode of Life Change Flans of Nature.
Tobacco and Alcohol Also Have Noticeable Effects on Tones.
BY DR. KBEDKRI3K M. BOSSITER.
IF A few minutes were devoted each
day to keeping the voice in tune, the
world would be full of melodious
tones and beautiful voices, and we
should be spared the almost universally
harsh, rasping sounds that now greet
our ears on every side. The human
voice is the most wonderful musical
Instrument in the world. The tremulous,
subdued tones of the pipe organ, or the
sweet, delicate obligato of the violin,
appeal to the inmost emotions; but the
cultivated human voice with strength,
virility and sympathy in it, whether it
be used In song or in the entreaty of a
friend, touches the deepest heart of man
and affects his entire life. ,
A rich, musical voice, which some
have by nature, is a priceless gift, but
any voice, however defective the plac
ing of sounds may be. can be wonder
fully improved. Considering how re
sponsive the vocal organs are to right
efforts for improvement, it is surpris
ing that so few have attractive voices
either in conversation or in public
speaking.
The voice, above all Instruments,
should receive care and attention. We
can lay it down as a broad and general
rule that whatever.promotes the main
tenance of robust health serves as an
invaluable agent in promoting the
health of the vocal organs.
The first thing necessary to the hy
giene of the voice is correct breathing.
In this respect young girls and women
are more at fault than are men. All
tight bands, constrictions and tight
clothing about the waist are always un
hygienic, and particularly so when it
comes to developing strong and musical
vocal cords. There should be an unob-
HEAI.TH AND EITICIENCV. HOW
TO MAINTAIN BOTH.
By Frederick M. Rossiter, B. 8., M. D.
Questions pertaining to health, hy
giene and the prevention of disease
will be answered in this column.
When for lack of space and when
questions are not suitable, answers
vlll be made by mail, providing a
stamped envelope with address is
Inclosed. No questions will be con
sidered without the name and ad
dress of the sender. No diagnosis
will be made In this column.
structed passage for air from the dia
phragm. How shall one breathe? What Is the
correct way of breathing? These are
questions that many are asking and
over which there has been considerable
controversy for many years. Some
physiologists have tried to make us be
lieve that civilized woman has a nor
mal way of breathing that is different
from that of a man. Then some physi
ologists say the reason women In civil
ized countries breathe differently from
men is because they have for years
worn tight corsets which have restrict
ed the action of the abdominal muscles
in breathing, and have made more
prominent upper chest breathing. Facts
show that uncivilized women breathe
just exactly as do their brothers and
husbands, and so do women In all civ
ilized lands when they dress properly
and hygienlcally.
Because of differences of opinion on
this matter we hear much about chest
breathing, diaphragmatic breathing an
abdominal breathing; but none of these
methods is correct; all are Incomplete,
and any one of them if practiced alone
will result in harm. If those who are
in doubt as to the 'natural method of
breathing will watch a little child
breathe, the question can be settled be
yond controversy. The entire front of
the body moves forward, and there is
also a slight lateral movement. It is a
false conception of the physiology of
respiration that says the chest should
move but little and most of the move
ment should be confined to the waist, or
that the upper cheat should have most
of the movement and little at the waist.
There is no difference in the breath
ing of male and female animals and
there is none with human beings who
live natural lives.
The base of the lung should fill with
air first, as a result of the contraction
of the diaphragm, which is a cone
shaped muscle forming a separation
between the chest and abdominal cavi
ties. This muscle flattens out during
inspiration because of the contraction
of its muscular fibers at the same time
the ribs, to which it is attached, rotate
outward and a little forward. The lat
ter action tends still further to flatten
this muscle. The downward movement
of the diaphragm presses on the stom
ach and liver, and produces a slight
forward movement of the abdomen. As
the lungs fill with air, there is a grad
ual expansion of the chest forward
and laterally, which completes the
movement of inspiration.
Thus, during the entire movement of
breathing in, there is a rhythmical
movement of the front of the body,
beginning with the abdomen and
quickly passing up to the top of the
chest. In inspiration the abdominal
dj
muscles are perfectly passive, but they
are active in expiration.
This latter action of the abdominal
muscles is an important factor in voice
production. Also this same principle
holds good in reference to the breath
ing of the lower animals. When a cat
mews, a dog barks, a cow bawls, or
horse neighs, the abdominal muscles
contract and become tense, the dia
phragm slowly relaxes, and some of
the little muscles between the ribs
contract.
Speaking or singing from the throat
not only produces an irritating tone,
but also a chronic state of irritation
of the larynx, and pharynx, causing
some of the most aggravating forms of
catarrh. These parts often are kept in
a continual state of disease by the hab
it of speaking rapidly and in a high
pitched, unnatural tone of voice. Such
use of the voice injures the speaker and
hurts those who have to listen.
Since tone is the result of vibration of
Air and cannot be produced without it,
one should see to it there is abundance
of pure air. Rooms should be thor
oughly ventilated night and day. Pure
air has much to do with a good voice.
The voice is quickly affected by a viti
ated atmosphere, such as is found in
poorly ventilated churches, houses and
public halls, and many theater build
ings. The aid which is laden with the
poisonous exhalations of the lungs, or
ganic and carbon dioxide gas, together
with the germs that are floating about,
affects the vocal organs, and also poi
sons the body. Singing in poorly venti
lated rooms will rob the voice of its
freshness and purity of tone. Bad air
depresses the mind, and such a state of
mind reacts on the voice. Moreover a
heavy atmosphere is a poor conductor
of tones. It interferes with the purity
of tone.
Climatic Conditions Count.
Climate has much to do with the
voice. No doubt the peculiarities of the
language combined with the favorable
climate make the Italian voice sweet
and smooth. An extremely cold climate
or a hot climate is not conducive to a
clear, musical voice.
It is not a good practice to sing out
of doors when the air is cold and damp.
Ifthe voice is ujsed much the entire
i
larynx is filled with blood from the ex
ercise. If cold, damp air then is
breathed in, and especially through the
mouth, there is likely to be more or less
catarrh of the vocal cords. After such
exercise the throat should be well pro
tected before going out into the cold
night.
All Judicious forms of exercise are
good for the voice. A cold sponge bath
every morning, particularly of the
throat and chest, is excellent, as It
relieves the congestion of the membrane
of the throat, and stimulates every act
ivity of the body. The cool sponge bath
gives tone to the entire system. Hot
baths and long continued local steam
applications before singing should be
avoided, as this treatment is not
likely to put the vocal cords in the
best conditions for singing.
No mouth breather can ever expect
to have a musical voice. Adults who
had adenoids in their youth and did
not have them removed, always will
suffer in quality of tone. If one
breathes through the mouth, the mu
cous membrane becomes dry and irri
tated because of the absence of the
normal secretions and the presence of
dust and germs. It is just as impossi
ble to produce good tones with a drp
mucous membrane as it is to whistle
with dry lips. The obstruction of nasal
passages not only is a cause of mouth
breathing but gives rise to nasal
sounds that do not add to the quality
of the voice. The nasal chambers act
as sounding boards in tone production
and if they are filled up with enlarged
structures no tone can be musical.
Attention to diet should have an im
portant place in the hygiene of the
voice. A heavy diet with an excess of
proteld is not going to add flexibility
to the voice. A diet that affords an
abundance of ripe fruits is bevond all
question the best food for singers. Oily
foods and much lat are not good for
the voice or the throat. They produce
more or less irritation.
SInser Should Guard Diet.
It is well for a singer to be careful
about the diet for no singer can do
good work and be troubled with indi
gestion. How can the tones - be sus
tained when the stomach la ballooned
regulating the tension of the vocal
cords and not for producing the power
to use the voice. The power for speak,
ing or singing should come from the
large muscles at the waist, and the
most important one is lli diaphragm.
No sustaining qualities "1 tone i-.tin
ever be produced by the l.iUe muscles
in the throat. If these l:i:ie muscles
at the waist are used to dillver the
clr over the vocal cords one ought to be
able to speak or sing for hunrs with
fatigue only in proportion to the ner
vous energy consumed.
When there is an acute inflammation
of the larynx the voice should not be
used. If there Is hoarseness from a
cold without any soreness or pain this
may be gradually overcome by practic
ing on the low tones of the ,iale and
gradually increasing the pitch, but all
should be done with soft tones. In this
way the entire scale can be taken with
out effort and the hoarseness will grad
ually disappear. 'Massage to the throat
and a cold, wet compress v.-!l -covered
so that no wet edge is expo.-'i will do
more for these throat troubles than
anything else.
A proper use of the voice in speakinp
or in singing, or voice cultural- pop-.
er vocal exercises, with coneci breath
ing, will do much to promote health. It
Is said that a song In the voice will pro
duce one in the heart.
Mother Goose on Health.
I had four doctors from over tiie Pea
And each one declared he could cure me.
Lhe first made me pound at a great pile
of stone.
The second said my need was a home of
my own.
The third prescribed a diet of plain dry
bread.
The fourth ordered gruffly, "Go stand on
your head!'
great pile
And
And
And
Now why should I pound at
of stone e
why should I need a h oiti of my
own ?
what was the good of eating plain
dry bread?
why. under heaven, should I stand
on my head?
It Is Rood for your llvr to pound up store.
And good for your heart to have a homo
of your own.
And Rood for your stomach to eat plain dry
bread.
And good for your brain to cet the blond
In your head.
MARY TTETRT ROPSITKTt.
OLD SOLDIER, 94, TELLS
OF DAYS OF CIVIL WAR
Nonagenarian Stumps Cheerily About Station and Tells of Experiences
at Andersonville, Where He Stayed Until Paroled.
WITH a bullet inhis knee, re
ceived while escaping from An
dersonville prison. Nicholas
Lamb, 94 years old, sauntered about
the Union Station yesterday, walking
without a limp and taking such a vivid
interest in all he saw that casual ac
quaintances doubted his statement he
was a nonagenarian. But Lamb had
documents to prove he was 42 when he
joined the Ninth Massachusetts In
fantry in 1861. He has been visiting
his son, Nicholas H. Lamb, in Idaho,
and is on his way to Los Angeles for
the Winter.
"When I left the service I settled in
idaho," said the veteran, "but I make
a trip down to the Soldiers' Home every
Winter to fight the Civil War battles
over again with some of the vets there.
"When one is 94, there are so many
things to remember that it is always
difficult to tell Just what event was
the most momentous." he continued.
"Now, I remember clearly many
events of the Civil War.
"Andersonville?" repeated Mr. Lamb
when he was asked about that prison.
"Well, it was so bad that a lot of us
risked our lives trying to get away. I
can't remember how many were shot
down as they ran, but a twinge now
and then won't let me forget that I got
a bullet In the right knee. It was a
dark night when we made the dash, but
the first volley was sent after us by
the guards at such short range that
the flash from their guns seemed to il
lumine the ground in front of us. I
ran until 1 dropped unconscious. The
next morning, weak, hungry and cold,
hobbled across a field to ax house
where a nero was up on & ladder
painting.
'Please come down and help me
over the fence, good Mr. Nigger, said I.
..i wU no ianlts, but yo' all
... u ,01m, ne replied.
"So I managed to crawl over the
fence and the negro stuck his head in
B "ThW a.nd Cal,ed hl8 master,
cer nd?hr TS Con'derate offi
cer and when I caught sight of lis
but hTto houh,t y time hid come,
but he took me into the house gave
andV00 finDer- e clean clothes
and then said: -I must take you back
or nZ"a?n- WJU yOU ,ve our word
of honor to make no resistance if I
take you back in my buggy. or ehall I
have you taken back by force''
JfPmiSef of cou"e, and back I
, i Andersonvillo to stay until
w hHeJild me the oncer was
General Wade Hampton, and I have al
ways believed it was he.
"When the prison doctor came along
next day he said: 'Yank, that's a bad
wound. Your leg will have to come
off.
.. 7 d rather dle-' I answered
" 'All right; give me your name so
I can enter it on the death register."
' 'Nicholas Lamb, I answered.
"'Who said Nicholas Lamb?' Inquired
a soft, drawling Southern voice and
when I cried out that was my name,
up came Dr. O'Brien with whom I had
argued bitterly about" secession and
slavery when we were both up in Massachusetts.
" 'I'm afraid I'll have to save that
bwu xsnen to
surgeon.
" 'And he'll use it fighting v
uie ULiiei.
x sure win ir x ever fr
said, but Dr. O'Brien saved
has been nhout ns user-.! tA
leg, concluded Mr. La
ready to take tils trair
i
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