THE STJXPAT OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, NOVEMBER 2, 1913.
MUCH TROUBLE IS
LAID TO INFLATION
Delicate Construction of Tires
Requires Proper Resist-
ing Power.
IGNORANCE PROVES COSTLY
Iiack of Knowledge Regarding Air
Required, Declared to Be General
and Some Rules Are Given
to Educate Operators.
T BY J. H. M'DERMOTT.
A. pneumatic tiro consists of two
things, of which one is as Important
as the other. One of these is an air
cushion, the other is an envelope for
retaining air under pressure and mak
ing this air cushion possible. This
envelope is spoken of by the trade as
the tire, and, as every motorist knows,
consists of a casing- and an Inner
tube; the casing to resist road wear
and the tube to furnish an airtight in
closure for the air inside. The casing
Is madr of rubber and fabric, and the
tube rubber. This mass of rubber
and. fabric construction will not sus
tain the ' weight of any car; it is the
air cushion it retains that supports
the car's weight.
Katurally. a larger car will require
more of an air cushion than a smaller,
and, in the same way, a large tire to
carry this larger air cushion. A car
of a given weight requires a tire of a
Kiven size containing air under a given
pressure.
Let us consider the result when the
tire does not contain proper air pres
sure. It has already been pointed out
that the tire Itself cannot sustain
weight, but that this is the purpose of
the air cushion inside. But when this
air cushion consists of air under in
sufficient pressure, the tire is forced to
sustain part of the weight Itself, ex
actly in proportion to the deficiency
in the air pressure something it is
not built to do.
Fiat Tires Disastrous.
The first result is that the weight
above being no longer properly sus
tained, flattens the tire out where it
rests on the ground. Then, when the
car is put in motion, every part of the
tire on reaching the bottom, must as
sume this unnatural flattened shap?.
Kach side must bend out and then back
again at every revolution.
The body of the casing consists of
eeveral plies of fabric united as a
whole by the rubber which has been
vulcanized through and through. And.
when the side walls bend in and out
because of under-inflated condition,
these fabric layers do not unite their
strength and act as a unit as they
are meant to, but the unnatural bend
ing makes one layer pull against the
the one next to it. They fall to rein
force each other as they should.
Continually pulling against each oth
er, these fabric layers in time pull
apart, separating from each other. The
same conditions which caused them to
pull against each other now cause them
to rub and chafe. This produces fric
tion and heat. The diiferent layers
Boon wear each other out. end so soon
as some one place becomes too weak to
sustain the inside air pressure, the
tire gives way with a "blow-out."
Proper Pressure. Necessity.
The tire manufacturer tries to make
perfect casings and tubes. A perfect
casing and tube is one of the factors
of good tire service. The other factor
is correct air pressure and this Is up
to the motorist.
There are several kinds of tire abuse,
nut as proper inflation is so vitally
important. insufficient inflation is
more damaging than anything else. The
statistics compiled by all the leading
tire manufacturers Indicate that more
than 75 per cent of tires that have gone
out of service prematurely did so be
cause of insufficient inflation.
There are several indications of un-Jer-inflation.
The most common one is
the condition of the inside fabric. Un-der-inflation
separates the fabric layers
and this separation shows itself by
means of a ridge or roll of fabric on
the lower part of the side wall on the
ln&iUe of the casing. This is before
tlie tire is ready to give way com
pletely. After a tire with separated
fabric is run a while and then removed
it will be found that the fabric at the
place it was rolled up into a ridge
before is now cracking and beginning
to break. In this condition it is soon
ready to give way.
Proper Pressure Given.
Another condition is the loosening
at the tread. Under-lnflation produces
a little roll right in front of the point
of contact with the ground, which in
time tends to separate the tread.
In the case of a clincher tire, under,
inflation usually permits the tire to
be rim-cut before the fabric gives way
of itself. Bending in and out increases
the normal action of the hook of the
rim against the clincher bead of the
tire.
It will be interesting to know how to
determine the right pressure. Use 20
pounds for every inch of width. For
example, use 60 pounds in a tire 3
Inches wide, 70 pounds in a 3-inch
tire, and 80 pounds in a 4-inch tire.
In addition to pointing out the
danger of under-lnf lation it is neces
sary to show how to guard against it.
There are two precautions the motorist
can take which will do this; one is to
Inflate the tire properly at first and
the other is to add to the tire every
few days enough air to balance what
has been lost in the meantime.
Use a pressure gauge and test your
tires at least twice a week, pumping
in what they need to bring the pres
sure up to the required amount. It is
not enough to inflate the tire properly
when you do inflate it, for if it isn't
Inflated again soon the pressure will
drop far below the recommended
amount. The average pressure should
be kept as nearly as possible equal to
the recommended pressure.
COMING EVENTS
November 2-3 Los Angeles to San
Diego, Cal., to Phoenix, Ariz., road race.
November 3-8 Chicago. 111. Second
Annual Motorcycle Show. Coliseum. A.
B. Coffman, Nicholas building, Toledo,
O., chairman.
November 4-6 El :5aso, Tex. Road
race to Phoenix, Ariz.
November 4-5 San Diego, Cal. Road
race to Phoenix, Ariz.
November 6 Phoenix, Ariz. Track
races. State Fair. '
November 7-15 London, England.
Automobile show, Olympla.
November 8-12 Shreveport, La.
Track, races, J. A. Sloan.
November 8-16 Atlanta. Ga. Auto
mobile show. Atlanta Auto & Acces
sory Association. Auditorium Armory.
November 24 Savannah, Ga. Auto
mobile show.
November 24 Savannah, Ga. Vander
bilt cup race. Savannah Auto Club.
November 27 Savannah, Ga. Grand
prize race. Savannah Auto Club.
December Newark, N. J. Automobile
show. Armory building. New Jersey
Auto Trade Association.
December 9-12 Philadelphia, Pa. An
nual convention ot American Road
Builders' Association.
1914.
January S-10 New Tork City. Auto
mobile show. Automobile Chamber of
Commerce. Pleasure cars. Grand Cen
tral Palace. S. A. Milqs, manager.
January 2-10 New York City. Auto
mobile salon of Imported cars. Hotel
Astor. S. KJeldsen. secretary.
January 10-16 Milwaukee, Wis.
Automobile show.
January 24-31 Chicago. 111. Auto
mobile show. Pleasure cars. CollBeum
and First Regiment Armory. Automo
bile Chamber of Commerce, New York
City. S. A. Miles, manager.
January 24-31 Rochester, N. Y. Auto.
mobile show. Exposition Park. Roches
ter Automobile Dealers' Association. C.
A. Simmons, manager.
January 26-31 Scranton, Pa. Auto
mobile show. Armory. H. B. Andrews.
January 31-February 7 Minneapolis,
Minn. Automobile show. Minneapolis
Auto Trade Association. National Guard
Armory.
February- Elmlra, N. Y. Automobile
show. Armory. Automobile show
committee. Frank D. Pratt and M.
Doyle Marks.
February Fort Dodge. Ia. Automo
bile show. Armory. Automobile Deal
ers' Association.
February 2-7 Buffalo, N. Y. Automo
bile show. Pleasure cars. Buffalo Auto
mobile Dealers' Association. John J.
Gllson, 401 Franklin street. Buffalo,
N. Y., secretary.
February 7 Omaha, Neb. Automo
bile show. C. G. Powell, secretary, 2119
Farman street.
February 9-14 Buffalo, N. Y. Auto
mobile show. Commercial cars. Buf
falo Automobile Dealers' Association.
John J. Gilson, 401 Franklin street,
Buffalo, N. Y., secretary.
February 18-21 Bloomlngton, 111.
Automobile show. McLean County Au
tomobile Club.
February 21-28 Newark, N J. Auto
mobile Show. New Jersey Automobile
Trade Company. R. B. Mann, secretary,
37 William street.
February 24-March 1 Cincinnati, O.
Automobile show. Cincinnati Auto
Dealers' Association.
March Grand Rapids, Mich. Auto
mobile show. Grand Rapids Herald.
Klingman Furniture building.
March Wichita, Kan. Automobile
show. Wichita Business Association.
March 7-14 Boston. Mass. Automo
bile show. Pleasure cars. Mechanics'
building. Boston Automobile Dealers
Association. C. I. Campbell, manager.
March 17-21 Boston. Mass. Automo
bile show. Commercial cars. Boston
Commercial Motor Vehicle Association.
C. I. Campbell, secretary.
April 9-15 Manchester, N. H. Auto
mobile show. Mechanics' Hall. D. F.
Sullivan.
May 30 Indianapolis. Ind. 600-mile
sweepstake races. Indianapolis Motor
Speedway.
(From the October issue of the Auto
mobile Trade Journal.)
STUDENTS HAVE "DAY"
MOCK' CEREMONIES ARE HELD
AT PACIFIC UNIVERSITY.
'Sophs" Mimic "Freshies" and
Vice Versa as Features in First
Affair Planned Yearly.
PACIFIC UNIVERSITY, Forest Grove,
Or., Nov. 1. (Special.) Wednesday,
October 29, Pacific University initiated
its first annual All Students' Day with
fitting programme. At 10 o clock in
the morning exercises were held In
Brighton Chapel. The musical pro
gramme consisted of a piano duet by
Janet Ingram and Mildred Copeland, a
vocal solo, by Freda Acker, and a vio
lin solo by Margaret Lowell. Addresses
were given by Howard Taylor, on the
Student Body Activities," and by Alva
Patten on "The Christian Associations."
The freshmen gave a mock sophomore
class meeting and showed much dra
matic ability.
The sophomores in their "take-off" of
the freshmen gave a vivid portrayal of
how the freshmen appear to others
when on a picnic. The Juniors took the
house down when two of their number,
dressed to represent members of the
faculty, brought in a huge beast and
compared its parts to members of the
senior class.
The afternoon's festivities were start
ed off by a baseball game between the
faculty and the combined forces of the
Juniors and Seniors. After three in
nings the score stood 4 to 3 in favor of
the upper classmen.
The next event was a new one at Pa
cific University. This was a bag rush
between the Freshmen and Sophomores
and was won by the Freshmen. 2 to 1.
In the evening everyone gathered at
the gymnasium to see the Sophomores
initiate the Freshmen. None of the 36
Freshmen was allowed to escape until
by means of various tortures every one
had been persuaded to sign the Oath of
Allegiance and promise to wear green
caps, to obey the sophomores, love the
juniors and reverence the seniors. Fol
lowing this a short ceremony was held
outside, at which the freshmen and
sophomores "burled the hatchet." As
a finale came the Halloween banquet
on the fourth floor of Herrick Hall.
President Buahnell acted as toastmas-
ter and toasts were given by a repre
sentative from each class. The day was
a great success in its purpose of bring
ing the laculty and students closer to
gether and inspiring enthusiasm in the
student body for a greater university.
200 FARMERS WILL STUDY
Extension School Will Open In Che-
halis for Week November, 1 0.
?
CHEHALIS, Wash.. Nov. 1. (Spe
cial.) From present . indications there
will be an attendance of upwards of
200 at the Farmers' Extension School
to be heln in Chehalis six days begin
ning Monday, November 10, under the
auspices of the State College of Pull
man. Wash. The trustees of the Citi
zens' Club named committees to make
all arrangements. W. F. West, A. S.
Cory, F. M. Power, Dr. J. H. Johnson
and Dan W. Bush were chosen as a
general arrangements committee. E.
McBroom, . C. Ellington. George R.
Walker and A. F. Scherer will look
after the further advertising of the
meeting. President Judd and Secretary
MoDonald, of the club, have charge of
the programmes. It is planned to hold
the meetings in the clubrooms and the
workman hall adjoining, with another
nearby room for classes. There will be
no school at Centralla and a number
of those who signed up to attend there
will come to this city instead.
LAND TO BE DEVELOPED
Logged-Of f Acreage Near Chehalis
Will Be Improved.
CHEHALIS, Wash., Nov. 1. (Spe
cial.) Development of 690 acres of
logged-off lands three miles northeaBt
of Chehalis in the holdings from which
the Salzer Valley Lumber Company
cut its timber is soon to begin. David
P Eastman, of Seattle, who purchased
the property some time since, and who
is said to have a deal pending for
2000 acres more of Lewis County
logged-off lands, has surveyors In the
neld subdividing the 690 acres In ques
tion. The lands will be divided into 20 to
40-acre tracts, the neoeBsary roadways
provided for and other matters looked
after to make It- an Inducement lor
settlement.
$155
0
1-49 15 W CvJ
$1550
You wanted a really high-grade car at
a moderate price. Jeffery has built, it!
You know that four or five hundred
dollars will buy an automobile, but you
aren't willing to sacrifice entirely, looks
and comfort. You know that twice as
much money will buy an automobile
with quite a little in looks, comfort,
power and service under good road
conditions.
You know that if vou don't rarr how-
much money you spend, you can buy
a good car, light enough to be econom
ical in gasoline, oil, and tires; power
ful and fast enough to do all you
want done, and made of the very best
materials to be had in this country and
Europe; and handsome as the best
designers can conceive perfect in every
way except price.
But to build such a car to sell at a moderate
price that s another thins:. It can be done only by
a big, successful concern with plenty of money, lone
years of experience in buying materials and ma
chinery, organized to avoid all waste, so that every
cent paid for production would really go into the
cart the manufacturer must make practically
every part, and make these parts better and for less
than he could buy them from others, In short,
such a manufacturer must be a complete master
of every detail, including large capital. Any other
would be sure to fail in such an undertaking;.
tltt 1HUMAS B.. JEFFERY COMPANY has always been recognized
as representing the most sol
Si T i- t , , 7 " ' 5S J oucvooiui ojyiiiL wi U1C ilUlUinODlie
aa. inniistrv In hir7if H a?c i-h UomUl i i i t i .1 .
" J j - co ivamuiv.1 was mc fcuiiiuaru ay wnicn otners were measured.
Later as the automobile took the place of the bicycle, the Rambler and the Cross
Country stood in the front rank of cars in their class and were recognized even by their keenest
competitors as sturdy, well designed, dependable cars.
Jr,1!0' marvf,A.01f manufacturing: organization,- with its $5,500,000 in assets, with the highest credit
in the industry and a factory equippedf wifli $3, 000 000 worth of the latest machiAery, its engineering and
designing departments thoroughly familiar with the latest and best designs of this country and Europe
otters to the public a perfect motor, car, and is proud to mount upon it the name-plate "Jeffery."
1 nere are other cars on the market at about 1,500, but even hasty comparison of
the specifications with the Jeffery will indicate that from now on at least, motor cars
cannot be classed" by price. There are still other cars whose specifications, material
and workmanship conform closely to the Jeffery, but they sell from 2,500 to 5,000.
Therein lies the remarkable and extraordinary side of this announcement.
With all the capital in the world, and with an honest desire to build a perfect motor
car surpassing all existing values, you could not go into the automobile business tomor-
row and give your buyers real value. Why? Because, to know how to build value into a
motor car, you need to have been building motor cars as long as they have been built;
to know every step, every improvement, every mistake. The men who work for you
must be those who have worked, studied and experimented with you for years. Your
purchasing department must have been buying the best of materials so long and in such
quantities that it is invariably offered the best of materials at the lowest prices. Your
organization must be so perfected and proficient that shop economies are second nature.
Experiments in cost reduction must be in the past.
Then, you must build the car and its parts in your own plant and build them better
and more economically than outsiders could.' There can be no accessory builders
profits in your costs. Your machinery must be in your plant because you have seen
machinery develop and know the best. Your ideas of design and construction must be
in advance, because your experience is the longest and wisest and because you have
literally torn to pieces and ana
lyzed the best mechanical pro
ducts of America and Europe.
You must have capital to make
these experiments and tests, to
buy the best brains that your in
dustry affords and to eliminate
from your manufacturing prob- .
lems entirely the necessity for
quick profits and the bugaboo of
possible financial distress.
These are the precise condi
tions under which the Jeffery is
built, and these are the real,
sound, logical reasons why the
Jeffery is the most astounding
value on the market today. We,
ourselves, could not have priced
the car at 1,550 had we not,
after it was built, found ways of
reducing our fixed selling ex
pense in certain markets and
Starting and lighting ijitem.
No (ears, belts or chains.
Jeffery Dash and Control
credited this saving to "cost account" rather than retain it as added nrofit.
You will probably never appreciate the fact that the Jeffery is one of the highest
Tade cars on the market regardless of price, unless you consider the specifications.
I hey are given here very briefly. You should know all the truth about this wonderful
car, how little if costs to operate it, how easy it is on tires, how smoothly it operates,
how quietly and how easily it handles. We have accomplished that which all motor
car designers have either overlooked or striven for in vain a light car without the
sacrifice of strength, sturdiness, power or comfort.
The Jeffcrv high soeed
mono-bloc motor develops 40
H. P. at 2200 revolutions. Its
flexibility is nothing short of mar
velous. It drives this car 40
miles per hour on second speed.
It gets away with snap the
kind you like to feel. Touch
the throttle and in seven seconds
you are making twenty miles an
hour, in twenty seconds, forty
miles, and in fifty-five seconds,
fifty miles.
The electric starting and
lighting system is the U. S. L.
Our engineers made a most ex
haustive examination of all sys
tems before selecting this, the most expensive of them all. Another car seuW
J?i& i charecs 200 extra for this equipment. The Jeffery Four could be sold for
100 less if equipped in any other way. All gears, cams, chains and bearings are
eliminated in this starting system. These are the things that make other starters noisy
Not a single car in America selling under 2,000, except the Jeffery Four, is equipped
with the U. S. L. vv
ThanSmission shaftS are of vanadium steel nun& in five imported annular bear
ings. The use of vanadium steel and impoTted ball bearings must appeal to even the
uninitiated as practices usually associated only with very high priced cars. Our sprini
and front axle are also of vanadium steel. The rear axle is of the full floating type,
also on imported annular bearings. The driving shaft is many times stronger than
the heaviest strain you could ever place upon it, and is made of the finest chrome I
nickel steel, vanadium treated.
The wheel base of 116 inches gives a compact car and yet retains the comfortable '
lines of the body and short turning space 42 feet. J
Rothschild designed the body. It's an improvement on the Lancia that beautiful
Italian car. It's Brewster green. The upholstery is of the finest leather and hair
1 he doors are extremely wide 23 inches. The dash literally radiates an atmogl
phere of modern equipment combined with practical under-the-hand control. The
headlights can be dimmed at any time for city driving.
tr The e1uiPment includes top of the finest material, rain-vision windshield, Stewart- '
Warner speedometer, ammeter, extra demountable rim with carrier, electrically lighted
dash, Klaxet horn, Solar electric lamps with dimmer, and complete tool equipment.
The car is built in five body styles: Five passenger touring, or two passenger road-'
ster, $1,550; two passenger Coupelette, enclosed, inside drive, 1,950; four passenger
Sedan, enclosed, inside drive, 2,350; five passenger limousine, 3,000
A Jeffery circle wUI be sent if you ask for it.
Jeffery Four $1550
The Jeffery Six is a duplicate of the wonderful Jeffery Four, except for size. The cylinders are cast in oairs ' This r ro,vu ti or
is m a great many ways as remarkable among Sixes as its smaller brother is among the Fours wJittx'.SL'H0'
a Jeffery car but who prefer a Six. It is light-actual scale weight, 3700 pounds? with full equipment We nS7?? ? umS 5uf
without making it extravagant. We know that a better Six cannot be built. - equipment. We made it luxurious and beautiful
Igzlffirttt sea haSrJd mi r6nrfc
ammeter, entnne driven cower tire nnmn. Rth-h;M ,:.. -i. :j- j j iTT j closea car,s f.7 x S Kayheld carburetor, Warner autometer.
.enger touring or two passenger roadster at $2250 sU ,Vn.Y300rS "
" - - iiiuvuuuty ai jljvu,
Successful dealers want to tie up with a financially strong and successful organization
p ant ana ot sucn materials Mas never before been offered anywhere near this price. Big dealers in big cities Tall over fhTeonnV a
otner lines and organizing new companies to take on the Tefferv line. Thev are fmirk tn rcmn-nr- In 1 r t PP1
, . - - - ""a -a woiiaenui opportunity.
Furthermore, such a high grade car, built in such a
ng
The Thomas B. Jeffery Company
Main Office and Works. Kenosha. Wisconsin