THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, JUNE 29, 1913. MILLIONS ARE BEING SPENT PREPARING FOR CANAL TRADE San Francisco, Berkeley, Oakland, Richmond and Bay Harbor Centers in General Have Elaborate Systems of Modern Docks Under Way in Anticipation of Panama Traffic 4 e . , , l r - - J " i V . ' , ?TH1pfc WSe- . . v- 'iJ?- - i T . s , ' Vf??; WV t .4'--- .... -, v, , M . ' U uTk - . aplil- -;H W tTlv iZ zr&j Vn " ' ' - - - Tf Sy- . K 1 ' V JTZrT-r-TS- III i 5i "H ' lli ( jU "' " '"yt,wwJl.iiw m j ii niiii:ij,iiiiiiiiiMiM "iiu'Mjmywgj Jjrzr-p I II v f ? o 31 : ' ii "TZT V . ' I - A.V- f Q r : 1 -.Tr ttri ,KTC JL-p.'v,, t - 1. j . v V f HOW SAX .C,SCO BAY I I tMramtvuToad Thir warftsThl I 111 . II f , ' ' AfV W ."I' VUI - t ' HOW SAW FRANCISCO BAY CITIES ARB PREPARING FOR CAN AX. OPENING. San Francisco has a most elabo rate system of concrete docks ex tending from the North Point to the South Basin, a distance of six miles, and is still building. The City of Richmond, the new m a n u f a c turlng locality on the east shore of the bay, has start ed improvements which will cost fl8.600.000. Oakland has already author ized a bond issue to the extent of $2,300,000. and probably will issue more. The Government has also spent several million in Oak land improvements. Berkeley, the college town, has a pier, two miles long, at which the South Pacific traders unload their wares and it will soon con sider the making of a great in ner harbor. All these works are of the latest design, one mass of concrete. SAN FRANCISCO. June 28. (Special.) The foresight which has charac terized Californians in many ven tures of the past is again brought out In the millions which are being spent in harbor improvements. That these operations represent the extreme opti mism of the Golden State people is thought by a few, but the majority are confident that the Panama Canal will bring enough ships to crowd even the miles of concrete piers and quays which are rising on all sides of the bay, San Francisco, the commercial leader of the Bay at present, is outstripping the cross-bay neighbors in present work, but not very far. The miles of manufactoring property on the east shore of the bay are beginning to poke out or to dig to deep water, to reach out for the ships which will soon be passing through the Golden Gate in ever-increasing numbers. In fact, the people of the east shore have even more hope for their cities than San Francisco. The rumor that the Hill lines will make a terminal somewhere on the east shore is an add ed stimulant and leads them to believe that their labors will not be in vain. Oakland Opposition Felt. The building of a great railroad ter mlnal on Goat Island, or Yerba Buena Island, will find much opposition in Oakland, as it would practically close the mouth of the great inner harbor which is now being constructed on the Oakland west shore. From the oppo sition which has already been voiced against It. it is improbable that any thing further will ever come of it, al though the Legislature has placed It on the shelf for future reference. By cities the work actually under contructlon and proposed is as follows Ean Francisco, through the State Harbor Commission, has now over 40 piers, some few of the old wooden con struetion, but the majority of the latest steel and concrete design. In the southern end of the city it 1 I FORCAKAlOFElflNG. I In filling some of the adjacent low I I IM i I K W m-MJj HI V ' jf V WJ , . I ii also digging a deep basin surrounded by a stone quay at which the smaller traders may unload their wares. The mud and sand excavated is being used filling some of the adjacent low ground. The wooden docks are rapidly be ing replaced by- more modern ones, equipped with the latest loading de vices. Hamburg has long been quoted as the city presenting the best shipping facil ities. Engineers in charge, who have made a study of the work in foreign lands, say that the San Francisco fa cilities will, if anything, even surpass those of other lands. The work proposed includes the Goat Island project and the building of further terminal facilities. Should Goat Island he refused them, the San Fran cisco engineers will begin their search elsewhere. Oakland's greatest feat is the con struction of an immense inner harbor on the west front of the city. This means the excavation of two square miles of tide land to the depth re quired for the passage of modern ships. Enough of this work has been done to enable the handling of the biggest ships afloat and the work is progress ing night and day. Portland Problem Similar. Oakland's present harbor confronts them with a problem very much like that of Portland. It extends for sev eral miles on the north side of the Es tuary, the narrow inlet or canal which lies between Oakland and Alameda. This is about the width of the Willam ette River, but very much shallower. The docks there are placed along the river, without slips. Oakland has undertaken the task of modernizing the old front and building more new docks. In all this work not a piece of wood is placed in the water, as the construc tion is all too heavy to be replaced every few years by new. The first step is about completed. It is solid wall of concrete. 20 feet wide at the bottom and tapering to an lS-lnch curb at the top. It is 40 feet high, which will make a depth of 30 feet at low tide. The present unit is 2000 feet long. This quay was constructed 200 feet in from the original shore line. As soon as all work is comoleted the dredges will start filling the land back or it with the mud removed to the channel in front. The Government's channel has a width of 500 feet at the point, which will make the total part navigable to merchant men over 700 reet. This wall is the start of one which will eventually extend to the main bay, along the pier of the Western Pacific Railroad. Many of the companies which have their works along the estuary are co operating with the city and the Gov ernment In making the waterfront as solid and well built as modern con struction prescribes. Such wooden docks as at present form the water front of Portland have been relegated to the discard long ago. In the lower harbor near the dif ferent railway piers, extensive opera tions are being carried on by both the city and the railroads. Just inside the bay line stands the Livingstone pier. a concrete wharf of the most modern construction. The appropriation for mat piece or work was $175,000. . The greatest part . of the money i mud and Band excavated Is bein used T ft , !N ' V HlkVV, , M " ! Wl'Xi. A - " tt Aground. .... ?r 'f,-3m AVVSlKli''AA h'lf , v '! - J raised for improving the shipping facilities of' Oakland has been spent on what is locally known as the Key Route Basin project. This broad flat is for the most part above water at low tide and never covered by more than four or five feet of water. What is termed the harbor line was formerly about 1 miles out toward San Francisco. The first step was the construction of several miles of bulkhead. Then BENEFITS OF BUREAU PROVED BY PARENTS Mothers Consult Educational Department on Matters of Vital Import ance to Babies' Welfare and Results Are Demonstrated. BY BERTHA TAYLOR VOORHORST. EIN husband he said, 'you just il go down mit dot Parent's Ed- ucation Bureau and see dose ladies dere, and see if dey can't help us mit dot leetle, baby,' " This was the statement made by the mother of a child 9 months old, which did not thrive on the brand of patent milk In use. The nurse, after making inqui ries, recommended orange juice or prune juice to be used alternately with cow's milk, allowing an hour and a half Interval. "But I vas afraid to use de cow's milk!" exclaimed the troubled mother. Her anxiety in this respect was relieved by the assurance that pure milk could be obtained from any of the dairies Included in a list made up especially for mothers by members IT ! WW WiiWl V7 k IV "V iv dredges were hired, which pumped out the silt and made factory sites be hind the bulkheads. One main chan nel was dug, wide enough to handle the biggest steamers In the freight business. Inside is a large basin where they may be easily handled on their own Bteam. The present appropriation only pro vides for the building of the retaining wall and the filling of the land behind it. However, the plan which the city is of the Health Board and dairy inspect, ors. The circular, including this list, has just been' published and Is distributed freely among the mothers at the Par ents' Educational Bureau. After read ing over the circular the mother fairly beamed: "Oh, I vas glad to get dls, I vlll use de cow's milk now." Her at tention was directed to the fact that the dairies topping the list charged 15 cents a bottle, due to the high quality of their product. "Oh, I do not cars, I vlll buy de best milk for my baby now dat I know vere to get It, but I vill not get it from de grocer." Trivial Points Important. This is 'only one of the many in stances where the parents' Bureau helps the mother in the little things, which seem so trivial and yet are so important. . Another mother brought in an Infant building on calls for the construction of a string of the most modern wharves all along its miles of waterfront. To date 400 acres of the land have been filled high enough to allow the building of different manufacturing plants. One of the largest steel mills on the Pacific Coast Is now growing on the land of the east shore basin. Both the Southern Pacifio and the Santa Fe Railroads have acquired grants from the city of Oakland which of 5 months, almost a living skeleton, weighing but one-halt pound more than it did at birth It was all a mat ter of improper feeding. The child ape. cialist was called upon and gave the mother much-needed advice. The child is now thriving. One year ago, at one of the suburban Mothers Circles, a talk was made by one of the officers of the Council, of Mothers City Circles. The president of the local circle knowing of a young mother who was in sore need of friend ly and efficient counsel prevailed upon the little woman to bring her baby to the meeting. The speaker took the tiny Infant in her arms, pointed, out the cause of ailment, suggested a rem edy. One of the prizes awarded at the recent contest held at the Multnomah Hotel was awarded to this baby. But for the timely advice, which was re llgously followed. It is considered quite certain that the child, would have been a victim to the infant ailment, with which It was afflicted. Inquiries Ar Numerous. Not merely among the mothers" of the city is the influence of the bureau felt, from all sections of this and other states come many letters of inquiry. "I have read all about your bureau in The Oregonlan," writes one interested mother, "and I would like to have those leaflets on proper food, for children, how to tell the story of life, and when 3k allow them to improve the frontage surrounding them. The Santa Fe Rail road owns 1500 feet of land on the estuary, and has plans under way which will cost very near a million to carry to completion. The biggest job of all has been tackled by the thriving manufacturing city of Richmond, in Contra Costa County, to the north of Berkeley, on the east shore. This city is the scene of the Standard Oil Company's largest bodily education begins." An expectant mother writes for patterns and instruc tions how to prepare the practical lay ette, which is demonstrated at the bur eau; another writes for literature bear ing on child welfare. One young mother frankly and eag erly told of her family experience, feeling that It might be of help to others, particularly how she and her husband became interested in Eugenics. Parents Get Benefit. During the early years of her mar ried life her husband was earless In his habits, smoked and otherwise contrib uted to the deterioration of his phy sique. Upon the birth of the first child Its feeble constitution Impressed the parents with the necessity of build, ing up their own general health if they wanted to have their children live. The father ceased the use of tobacco, slept out of doors, took plenty of exercise in the open air. and the result was all they anticipated, the second child was a splendid, normal, healthy, offspring. An example of the interest being created by the work of the Parents' Educational Bureau and the Eugenics movement was shown at the Clinton Kelly School one rainy night during the past week. Over 300 parents and about 200 children braved the elements to hear an address by O. M. Plummer, the newly elected member of the School ryfining plant, the Dupont Powder Works, the Metropolitan Match Com- pany, the Pullman Car Company, and shops of several railroads. It also has a stove works and boasts of the greatest number of va ried, industries, all on a large scale. Many of the shipping companies of the metropolis across the bay now come over to Richmond to meet the trans continental trains, instead of standing the heavy haul around or over the bay. 918,500,000 Plans Drawn Tip. The plans drawn up call for the ex penditure of (18,500,000. but it will be several years before all this will be completed. It has the same difficulty that con fronts all the East Shore cities, in hav ing to reach out to deep water or else to bring the deep water In. Richmond has started on the latter, and has three large inner harbors proposed. Work on one has been In progress for some time, and will be finished long before the Increased traffic of the Panama Canal starts to bring in the freight laden boats from all the world. In all this work, the style which San Francisco has started will be fol lowed. In San Francisco Bay the life which destroys all wooden piles is even more destructive than in other salt water harbors. This has brought about some entire ly new methods of construction. From top to bottom the latest docks are all steel and concrete, and are more bridges than wharves. The deep sedi ment and loose sand of the bottom of the bay makes sinking piers for the heavy upper work a difficult matter. The engineers have devised long tubes which are first sunk in the mud. When these reach hard soil, the mud and water is pumped and a large wood en inner tube is put Inside the steel husk. When the desired foundation is reached the wooden tube is filled with concrete and the steel removed. The wooden tube is soon eaten off, but the concrete lasts forever. On these piers rest the trussed floors of the dock, a sheet of concrete and steel, irt inches thick. The walls and roof of I the wharf buildings are of sheet Iron. Board and the "Father of Eugenics in Oregon," and a talk by Mrs. R. H. Tate on the work of the bureau. Re freshments were served and a consider able sum was raised to meet the ex penses in connection with the local , garden contest work. Thus the work of the parents and the schools correlate. NEW MILLS PROJECTED Deal for 250,000,000 Feet of Tim ber Consummated at Chehallg. CHEHALIS, Wash.. June 2S. (Spe cial.) The entire holdings of the Chehalis Lumber Company, located at Llttell, four miles west of Chehalis. on the Chehalis & South Bend branch, have been sold, according to an an nouncement made today. About 250. 000,000 feet of timber are included in the deal, but the price was not given out. The transfer was made to George Dysart and C. S. Gilchrist, but several others are interested. It is proposed to incorporate at once and erect a shinglemill at Lit tell. If conditions Justify, a big sawmill will be erected soon. '