THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, JUNE 29, 1913.
MILLIONS ARE BEING SPENT PREPARING FOR CANAL TRADE
San Francisco, Berkeley, Oakland, Richmond and Bay Harbor Centers in General Have Elaborate Systems of Modern Docks Under Way in Anticipation of Panama Traffic
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HOW SAX .C,SCO BAY I I tMramtvuToad Thir warftsThl I 111 . II f , ' ' AfV W ."I' VUI - t '
HOW SAW FRANCISCO BAY
CITIES ARB PREPARING
FOR CAN AX. OPENING.
San Francisco has a most elabo
rate system of concrete docks ex
tending from the North Point to
the South Basin, a distance of
six miles, and is still building.
The City of Richmond, the new
m a n u f a c turlng locality on the
east shore of the bay, has start
ed improvements which will cost
fl8.600.000.
Oakland has already author
ized a bond issue to the extent
of $2,300,000. and probably will
issue more. The Government has
also spent several million in Oak
land improvements.
Berkeley, the college town, has
a pier, two miles long, at which
the South Pacific traders unload
their wares and it will soon con
sider the making of a great in
ner harbor.
All these works are of the latest
design, one mass of concrete.
SAN FRANCISCO. June 28. (Special.)
The foresight which has charac
terized Californians in many ven
tures of the past is again brought out
In the millions which are being spent
in harbor improvements. That these
operations represent the extreme opti
mism of the Golden State people is
thought by a few, but the majority are
confident that the Panama Canal will
bring enough ships to crowd even the
miles of concrete piers and quays
which are rising on all sides of the bay,
San Francisco, the commercial leader
of the Bay at present, is outstripping
the cross-bay neighbors in present
work, but not very far. The miles of
manufactoring property on the east
shore of the bay are beginning to poke
out or to dig to deep water, to reach
out for the ships which will soon be
passing through the Golden Gate in
ever-increasing numbers.
In fact, the people of the east shore
have even more hope for their cities
than San Francisco. The rumor that
the Hill lines will make a terminal
somewhere on the east shore is an add
ed stimulant and leads them to believe
that their labors will not be in vain.
Oakland Opposition Felt.
The building of a great railroad ter
mlnal on Goat Island, or Yerba Buena
Island, will find much opposition in
Oakland, as it would practically close
the mouth of the great inner harbor
which is now being constructed on the
Oakland west shore. From the oppo
sition which has already been voiced
against It. it is improbable that any
thing further will ever come of it, al
though the Legislature has placed It on
the shelf for future reference.
By cities the work actually under
contructlon and proposed is as follows
Ean Francisco, through the State
Harbor Commission, has now over 40
piers, some few of the old wooden con
struetion, but the majority of the latest
steel and concrete design.
In the southern end of the city it 1
I FORCAKAlOFElflNG. I In filling some of the adjacent low I I IM i I K W m-MJj HI V ' jf V WJ , . I ii
also digging a deep basin surrounded
by a stone quay at which the smaller
traders may unload their wares. The
mud and sand excavated is being used
filling some of the adjacent low
ground.
The wooden docks are rapidly be
ing replaced by- more modern ones,
equipped with the latest loading de
vices. Hamburg has long been quoted as the
city presenting the best shipping facil
ities. Engineers in charge, who have
made a study of the work in foreign
lands, say that the San Francisco fa
cilities will, if anything, even surpass
those of other lands.
The work proposed includes the Goat
Island project and the building of
further terminal facilities. Should Goat
Island he refused them, the San Fran
cisco engineers will begin their search
elsewhere.
Oakland's greatest feat is the con
struction of an immense inner harbor
on the west front of the city. This
means the excavation of two square
miles of tide land to the depth re
quired for the passage of modern ships.
Enough of this work has been done
to enable the handling of the biggest
ships afloat and the work is progress
ing night and day.
Portland Problem Similar.
Oakland's present harbor confronts
them with a problem very much like
that of Portland. It extends for sev
eral miles on the north side of the Es
tuary, the narrow inlet or canal which
lies between Oakland and Alameda.
This is about the width of the Willam
ette River, but very much shallower.
The docks there are placed along
the river, without slips. Oakland has
undertaken the task of modernizing
the old front and building more new
docks.
In all this work not a piece of wood
is placed in the water, as the construc
tion is all too heavy to be replaced
every few years by new.
The first step is about completed.
It is solid wall of concrete. 20 feet
wide at the bottom and tapering to an
lS-lnch curb at the top. It is 40 feet
high, which will make a depth of 30
feet at low tide. The present unit is
2000 feet long.
This quay was constructed 200 feet
in from the original shore line. As
soon as all work is comoleted the
dredges will start filling the land back
or it with the mud removed to the
channel in front. The Government's
channel has a width of 500 feet at
the point, which will make the total
part navigable to merchant men over
700 reet.
This wall is the start of one which
will eventually extend to the main
bay, along the pier of the Western
Pacific Railroad.
Many of the companies which have
their works along the estuary are co
operating with the city and the Gov
ernment In making the waterfront
as solid and well built as modern con
struction prescribes. Such wooden
docks as at present form the water
front of Portland have been relegated
to the discard long ago.
In the lower harbor near the dif
ferent railway piers, extensive opera
tions are being carried on by both the
city and the railroads. Just inside the
bay line stands the Livingstone pier.
a concrete wharf of the most modern
construction. The appropriation for
mat piece or work was $175,000.
. The greatest part . of
the money
i mud and Band excavated Is bein used T ft , !N ' V HlkVV, , M " ! Wl'Xi. A - " tt
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raised for improving the shipping
facilities of' Oakland has been spent
on what is locally known as the Key
Route Basin project.
This broad flat is for the most part
above water at low tide and never
covered by more than four or five
feet of water. What is termed the
harbor line was formerly about 1
miles out toward San Francisco.
The first step was the construction
of several miles of bulkhead. Then
BENEFITS OF BUREAU
PROVED BY PARENTS
Mothers Consult Educational Department on Matters of Vital Import
ance to Babies' Welfare and Results Are Demonstrated.
BY BERTHA TAYLOR VOORHORST.
EIN husband he said, 'you just
il go down mit dot Parent's Ed-
ucation Bureau and see dose
ladies dere, and see if dey can't help
us mit dot leetle, baby,' " This was the
statement made by the mother of a
child 9 months old, which did not
thrive on the brand of patent milk In
use. The nurse, after making inqui
ries, recommended orange juice or
prune juice to be used alternately with
cow's milk, allowing an hour and a half
Interval. "But I vas afraid to use de
cow's milk!" exclaimed the troubled
mother. Her anxiety in this respect
was relieved by the assurance that
pure milk could be obtained from any
of the dairies Included in a list made
up especially for mothers by members
IT ! WW WiiWl V7 k IV "V iv
dredges were hired, which pumped out
the silt and made factory sites be
hind the bulkheads. One main chan
nel was dug, wide enough to handle
the biggest steamers In the freight
business. Inside is a large basin where
they may be easily handled on their
own Bteam.
The present appropriation only pro
vides for the building of the retaining
wall and the filling of the land behind
it. However, the plan which the city is
of the Health Board and dairy inspect,
ors.
The circular, including this list, has
just been' published and Is distributed
freely among the mothers at the Par
ents' Educational Bureau. After read
ing over the circular the mother fairly
beamed: "Oh, I vas glad to get dls,
I vlll use de cow's milk now." Her at
tention was directed to the fact that
the dairies topping the list charged 15
cents a bottle, due to the high quality
of their product. "Oh, I do not cars, I
vlll buy de best milk for my baby now
dat I know vere to get It, but I vill
not get it from de grocer."
Trivial Points Important.
This is 'only one of the many in
stances where the parents' Bureau
helps the mother in the little things,
which seem so trivial and yet are so
important. .
Another mother brought in an Infant
building on calls for the construction
of a string of the most modern wharves
all along its miles of waterfront.
To date 400 acres of the land have
been filled high enough to allow the
building of different manufacturing
plants. One of the largest steel mills
on the Pacific Coast Is now growing
on the land of the east shore basin.
Both the Southern Pacifio and the
Santa Fe Railroads have acquired
grants from the city of Oakland which
of 5 months, almost a living skeleton,
weighing but one-halt pound more
than it did at birth It was all a mat
ter of improper feeding. The child ape.
cialist was called upon and gave the
mother much-needed advice. The child
is now thriving.
One year ago, at one of the suburban
Mothers Circles, a talk was made by
one of the officers of the Council, of
Mothers City Circles. The president of
the local circle knowing of a young
mother who was in sore need of friend
ly and efficient counsel prevailed upon
the little woman to bring her baby to
the meeting. The speaker took the
tiny Infant in her arms, pointed, out
the cause of ailment, suggested a rem
edy. One of the prizes awarded at the
recent contest held at the Multnomah
Hotel was awarded to this baby. But
for the timely advice, which was re
llgously followed. It is considered quite
certain that the child, would have been
a victim to the infant ailment, with
which It was afflicted.
Inquiries Ar Numerous.
Not merely among the mothers" of
the city is the influence of the bureau
felt, from all sections of this and other
states come many letters of inquiry.
"I have read all about your bureau in
The Oregonlan," writes one interested
mother, "and I would like to have those
leaflets on proper food, for children,
how to tell the story of life, and when
3k
allow them to improve the frontage
surrounding them. The Santa Fe Rail
road owns 1500 feet of land on the
estuary, and has plans under way
which will cost very near a million to
carry to completion.
The biggest job of all has been
tackled by the thriving manufacturing
city of Richmond, in Contra Costa
County, to the north of Berkeley, on
the east shore. This city is the scene
of the Standard Oil Company's largest
bodily education begins." An expectant
mother writes for patterns and instruc
tions how to prepare the practical lay
ette, which is demonstrated at the bur
eau; another writes for literature bear
ing on child welfare.
One young mother frankly and eag
erly told of her family experience,
feeling that It might be of help to
others, particularly how she and her
husband became interested in Eugenics.
Parents Get Benefit.
During the early years of her mar
ried life her husband was earless In his
habits, smoked and otherwise contrib
uted to the deterioration of his phy
sique. Upon the birth of the first
child Its feeble constitution Impressed
the parents with the necessity of build,
ing up their own general health if they
wanted to have their children live. The
father ceased the use of tobacco, slept
out of doors, took plenty of exercise
in the open air. and the result was all
they anticipated, the second child was
a splendid, normal, healthy, offspring.
An example of the interest being
created by the work of the Parents'
Educational Bureau and the Eugenics
movement was shown at the Clinton
Kelly School one rainy night during
the past week. Over 300 parents and
about 200 children braved the elements
to hear an address by O. M. Plummer,
the newly elected member of the School
ryfining plant, the Dupont Powder
Works, the Metropolitan Match Com-
pany, the Pullman Car Company, and
shops of several railroads.
It also has a stove works and
boasts of the greatest number of va
ried, industries, all on a large scale.
Many of the shipping companies of the
metropolis across the bay now come
over to Richmond to meet the trans
continental trains, instead of standing
the heavy haul around or over the bay.
918,500,000 Plans Drawn Tip.
The plans drawn up call for the ex
penditure of (18,500,000. but it will be
several years before all this will be
completed.
It has the same difficulty that con
fronts all the East Shore cities, in hav
ing to reach out to deep water or else
to bring the deep water In. Richmond
has started on the latter, and has three
large inner harbors proposed. Work
on one has been In progress for some
time, and will be finished long before
the Increased traffic of the Panama
Canal starts to bring in the freight
laden boats from all the world.
In all this work, the style which
San Francisco has started will be fol
lowed. In San Francisco Bay the life
which destroys all wooden piles is even
more destructive than in other salt
water harbors.
This has brought about some entire
ly new methods of construction. From
top to bottom the latest docks are all
steel and concrete, and are more
bridges than wharves. The deep sedi
ment and loose sand of the bottom of
the bay makes sinking piers for the
heavy upper work a difficult matter.
The engineers have devised long
tubes which are first sunk in the mud.
When these reach hard soil, the mud
and water is pumped and a large wood
en inner tube is put Inside the steel
husk. When the desired foundation is
reached the wooden tube is filled with
concrete and the steel removed.
The wooden tube is soon eaten off,
but the concrete lasts forever. On
these piers rest the trussed floors of
the dock, a sheet of concrete and steel,
irt inches thick. The walls and roof of
I the wharf buildings are of sheet Iron.
Board and the "Father of Eugenics in
Oregon," and a talk by Mrs. R. H.
Tate on the work of the bureau. Re
freshments were served and a consider
able sum was raised to meet the ex
penses in connection with the local ,
garden contest work.
Thus the work of the parents and
the schools correlate.
NEW MILLS PROJECTED
Deal for 250,000,000 Feet of Tim
ber Consummated at Chehallg.
CHEHALIS, Wash.. June 2S. (Spe
cial.) The entire holdings of the
Chehalis Lumber Company, located at
Llttell, four miles west of Chehalis. on
the Chehalis & South Bend branch,
have been sold, according to an an
nouncement made today. About 250.
000,000 feet of timber are included in
the deal, but the price was not given
out. The transfer was made to George
Dysart and C. S. Gilchrist, but several
others are interested.
It is proposed to incorporate at once
and erect a shinglemill at Lit tell. If
conditions Justify, a big sawmill will
be erected soon. '