The Sunday Oregonian., May 11, 1913, SECTION FIVE, Page 10, Image 66

TIIE SUNDAY OREGOXIAy. PORTLAND. MAY 11, 1913.
REDMOND THRIVES BY REASON OF
DAIRYING AND RAISING OF SWINE
Mild Cm of Best Breed, and Hon rwtened or OnmirtettUe Potatoes, SoMnf Problem fop rimers-Beef
oi Horses Also Contribute to Wealth of District.
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REDMOND. Or.. Hay 10. (Special.)
The farmers and ranchers In this
section are now going more and
into dalrvlnE. and Increasing
1 - Thar are now In
ierritorr tributary to Redmond, some
of the best thoroughbred dairy cattla
to be found In the state. It is the aim
of the dairymen to weed out all tnelr
scrub stock. Calves from some of the
stock here have been sent back to
Iowa and Indiana, .and always com
mand good prices. Two years ago the
dairy stock in the Redmond district
could be easily summed up. and was of
inferior grade. Now nearly every far
roer has a large herd, and is continually
adding more.
The hog industry In this section re
ceived more attention during the past
vear and nearly all the farmers have
.n.j nrofita from this source.
cent shipment of swine from this dis
trict commanded the top market price
at the Portland stockyards. The Dur
oc Red U a popular breed here, and
ome of the farmers raise no other
In the Powell Butte country, a few
miles east of here, can be found Urge
droves of hogs. The people there have
come to the conclusion that raising
hogs with potatoes to fatten them on.
is the solirtlon of the potato question.
Good results have been obtained, from
this method of feeding. One farmer
near this city reported recently that he
obtained 50 per cent better results
here from fattening hogs on potatoes
than he ever did in other states where
mixed hoii. The potatoes grown
here give more nourishment. ima
year will see a large number of swine
shipped to the Portland market from
her- . .
Cattle and horses are also being
shipped out from here this Spring
In large numbers. During the past
two months, eight cars of horses and
IS cars of cattle have left this shipping
point. But the farmers do not go In
for horse and cattle-breeding for ship
ping , purposes as extensively as they
do for hog-ralslng.
The Redmond school this year Is In
a flourishing condition and the enroll
ment shows a large Increase over for
mer years. The first track meet for
this county Is to be held here on May
10 by the High Bchool pupils. The'pro
gramme calls for a 150-yard dash. 100
yard dash. I0-yard run. 440-yard run.
one-half mile run. one-mile run. 120
yard hurdle race. 240-yard hurdle race,
running high Jump, running broad
Jump, standing broad Jump, shot put
and discus throw. Pupils from Prine
vllle. Bend. Madras. Terrebone and
Lldlaw, have been Invited to partici
pate in this event, and a large attend
ance Is expected. Liberal prizes will
be awarded to winners.
The girls of the High School put on
farce comedy Friday night, the pro-
. W I IIS ... . V 1 .
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in-'
7"n
ceeds of which will go toward enter
taining visiting pupils from other
schools.
Redmond Is a church town. There are
more churches here than In any other
town In Crook County Presbyterian.
Baptist. Catholic and Methodist.- All
Tf7 'AM? ' .
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ELEMENTS AIDING IN
EGG HATCHING PUZLLE
Experiments Under "Way at Oregon
Functions of Essentials in Incubation.
BY PROFESSOR JAMES DRTDEX.
Orecon Agricultural College.
HEN we began Incubation work
w
the theory was widely preva
lent that the- failure of Incu
bators to batch satisfactorily was due
to improper ventilation In the ma
chine. About that time a poultryman
In Massachusetts wrote me a letter, in
which he discussed this point, and gave
it as his opinion that an excessive
amount of carbonic acid gas in the in
cubators was responsible for poor re
sults in hatching. He thought more
ventilation was needed to carry off the
carbonlo acid gas. He further asserted
that he knew of no poultry farms In
his section of tho country that had
been successful for more than three
years in succession, where " incubators
were used for hatching chicks.
We set about Investigating this point
The first thing to do was to find out
how much carbonic acid gas accumu
lated under sitting bens and in incu-
liij
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of the buildings are up-to-date, roomy
and callable of taking care of the need
of the church-going people of the city
for several years to come. They are
well supported and the religious work
in the city always meets wnn encour
agement from the residents.
Agricultural College to Determine
bators during Incubation. After the
chemist had made a long series of tests.
It was discovered that in place of there
being an injurious amount of carbonic
acid gas in the Incubators, there was
actually less than was found under
alttlna- hens. This started a new line
of investigation. Was there less venti
lation under the hen than in the incu
bators: and was carbonic acid gas a
benefit Instead of an injury? What was
the function, if any, of carbonic acid
gas in Incubators?
Demonstrations Are Made.
It was demonstrated in the first ex
periment that carbon dioxide with
moisture will decompose the egg shell.
It was demonstrated in this way: Eggs
emptied of their contents and wealed up
were kept moist in the incubator
throughout the incubation period in
bottles highly charged with carbon di
oxide. When taken out they were
either broken down or readily crum
to Dleces between the fingers.
Other eggs under the. same conditions, c
but without any moisture in the bot
tles, showed no signs of disintegration;
the shells being apparently unchanged.
They were hard to touch with a pen
knife. Another egg emptied of con
tents and filled with water and sealed
up. but with no water in the bottle, was
decomposed and dissolved.
The conclusion was that carbon di
oxide will weaken or decompose the
shell when It comes In contact with
water, either on the outside or Inside
of the shell. It looked as though car
bonic acid gas, wherever it came from,
had an important function to perform.
Was it the hand that liberated the cap
tive chick? Did It break down the
prison walls and give life and liberty
to the prisoner?
The experiments of the Guelph sta
tion corroborated our tests, showing
mora carbon dioxide under the hens
than in incubators. ,
Search for Gas Source.
The next point to determine was
where the excess gas came from. Both
In our work and at Guelph, the experi
ments seemed to indicate that the ex
cess supply came from the hen herself,
though this point .was not cleaVly dem.
onstrated. The hen apparently was
giving off carbon dioxide. Was this
the secret of the sitting hen? Was
this the missing link?
Following up this lead, we endeav
ored to show the effeet of adding car
bon dioxide to the incubators. Vary
ing amounts were added to different
machines, but the effect of this arti
ficial supplv seemed to injure the
h.tohlnsr. This was a little setback.
Pursuing this work along another
line, the Guelph Station showed that
the chicks hatched by hens contained
more lime than incubator chicks. They
showed further that about the 11th day
of Incubation, or when the embryo was
11 days old, there was as mucn lime in
the embryo as there originally was In
th rontents of the egg, and at the end
of the incubation period of 21 days the
chicks contained many times more lime
than orisrinally was in the egg contents
From where did this lime come? Re
membering the tests that showed that
rnrhnn dioxide with moisture aecom
posed the shell, was it possible that
while weakening the shell to allow the
ohlelr to make its escape, it was at
th am time furnishing the necessary
lime for the body of the growing chick?
This discovery was made by anaijsis
of the chicks.
Material la Exchanged.
Sow a German experimenter has
analyzed the shell at different stages
of Incubation, and concludes mat ine
shell is more than a simple protective
riovlr. We savs: "The egg shell douDl-
leaa shares in the exchange or material
of the earsr contents during the lncuDa
tion of the chick, me material wmcu
disappears from the shell doubtless
nisui Into the Interior of the egg. In
what way this "going in" (absorption)
takes place, and what chemical changes
render this possible, our investigations
offer no explanation." But he inti
mates the possibility of carbon dioxide
ahnndantlv produced in tne egg, ana
penetrating through the shell," play
ing an important part here. -
Now these different experiments
show that there is more carbon dioxide
under sitting hens than in incubators;
that carbon dioxide with moisture de
composes the shell; that lime disap
pears from the shell during incubation;
that the chick wnen it. emerges irum
the shell, has- more lime in its body
than originally was in the contents of
the egg; that the hen-hatched chick
has more lime - than the Incubator
chick; that supplying artificial carbon
dioxide to Incubators apparently in
ures the hatch.
. Function Of Oil Sought.
Another point of difference, possibly
of great importance, was brought out
In recent experiments at the Ore
gon Station. Chemical determinations
showed the presence of oil on egg
shells. A small amount was found on
fresh eggs. About the same amount
was found on eggs that had been In
cubated artifically for - two weeks.
while on eggs incubated by the nen
for two weeks there was about seven
i r eight times the amount of oil.
What Is the function of this oil? Does
t hold the secret of the sitting nen.'
We have not been able to determine
whit part this oil plays in Incubation,
owing to difficulties In applying oil
HINTS GIVEN AMATEURS
IN POULTRY SELECTION
Beginners Are Urged to Confine Efforts to Single Breed and Start With
Best Stock Obtainable of Well-Defined Strain.
J. W. BEESON, A. M.. LU D.
President Woman's College, Meridian,
Miss.
.. . -. . . .... i...ii,Ai1 that
LET It be aisuncuy uuucmiwu
no mixed breed is a good breed. It
never pays to cross breeds or to
mix them. Some people buy two or
three or more or tne Desi ormus
put them on a farm yard or in a Dac
yard and think they have the best
now because they have several of the
best breeds, thinking, if one is good
two breeds are better. They, do not
realize they have mongrels and thc
combined offspring are not as good
as either of the original
sides a motley crowd of chickens is un
sightly and makes a bad display.
Select some one Dreea ss.nu
best parent stock or eggs .irom ine
best specimens to be found as a be
ginning. 11 mongrcis ' ...
fs.. ..,, rssriu.llv eet rid of them.
Learn how to Belect the best specimens
for breeding and mate mem pruji.?
..11 ... th had sDecimens each year,
i.nnD. nf them, tnus UK
.u- c.H.rrt of the breed. Never keep
- . !.....- than two ve&rs. unless you
. exhibition. She lays 40
per cent less eggs the second year than
the first and If not a good layer she
I..;, ., nr her feed the third year.
Will UUi t-' .'
The cock bird gets less ns""" "
the second year and is not very use
ful after the third and fourth year, as
a rule, hough a flnet specimen can be
used with I few females for several
years. Mate cock birds to puf and
cockerels to hens, when poea.u.e.
' Solid Color Recommended.
. .,.. oi- one who cannot de
1. :C ",Vm to poultry raising
should select a breed solid in color and
one that has been bred for many years
so as to be well established in repro
ducing Its kind. A new breed is likely
?.l.5.i v..v tn the breed from which
it was made. A solid color bird requires
only one-mating, while a i-co lored
bird may require double mating. For
example, the Barred Plymouth Rock
reauires a cockerel mating and a pul
let maUng to get the best results. This
" m.: Jt .nn and trouble and
complicates breeding. It is interesting
tl those who have the time and taste
to .tudy it. A buff of any breed I.
hard to get to even color; some will
bellgtat. some will be dark and some
mottled, with different shades on dif
Jerent part, of th. body.. If some color
is selected like ouu " " i " ,"
bird should match in color the I?1
r j , the. different shades in
J?"tM. I. mnen as possible.
solid white or solid black Is easiest to
breed to color ana is .". -"-"'
and attractive. A green lawn dotted
all over with white fowls -or solid black
la a scene beautiful to behold.
,.-..t .mooth legged chicken is
the Orpington. It is one of the best
ll-round breeds in existence. It grows
rapidly, is a nne
red meat largest breast of all ch ck
:' t. 1. n. winter layer. It Is 1
th.r in not a clumsy, awkward
i ,1 nice the Brahma. There are three
1 .i. xnlora of Orpingtons: White
black and buff. The Woman's College
has experimented with them all and
-11 nt them verv fine, desirable col
ors. The buff is harder to come to col
TRY THE NEW
THE PARCEL POST
WE ARE THE OLDEST MAIL ORDER HOUSE IN THE NORTH
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A Few Parcel Post Specials
We Pay the Postage on These Specials
New High-Top
Ladles' and
Children's But
ton Shoes: Fine
for dress and
service, -
$1.29
THESE ARB
Save money on Groceries,
artificially. We have found further
that by taking eggs from under a sit
ting hen' and putting them in an in
cubator, the oil on the shell disappears
in lartre part
Let me mention another point where
incubators and hens differ.. Bight or
nine years ago at the Utah Station,
we found by weighing a great many
eggs at stated periods during incuba
tion, that the incubator eggs lose more
weight than eggs under the hen; In
other words, incubators dried the eggs
down more than the hen. This, I be
lieve was confirmed later by the Guelph
Station. The West Virginia Station
reported some results that were con
tradictory. At the Oregon Station it
also was found that there was a
greater loss in incubators than under
bens.
Evaporation la Checked.
This fact led to experiments on the
use of moisture in Incubators, and as
a result most incubator makers have
modified their directions as to mois
ture. By adding moisture to the ma
chine the evaporation of eggs was
checked and by checking evaporation
with moisture, we found that the
chicks, when hatched, had greater
weight
Now about the oil that the hen puts
on the egg. Oil on the shell will check
evaporation. It may serve the pur
pose of moisture so far as evaporation
Is concerned. This no doubt explains
whv the eggs under hens lose less
! weiqrht than incubator eggs.
I . . . nnlnf- At
This raises anuiiics -Guelph
it was fund what was said to
be conclusive evidence that there is a
greater circulation of air under the
sitting hen than in the Incubator, but
the fact that there was less evapora
tion of eggs under the hen could hardly
be reconciled with the fact that there
was greater air circulation under the
hen. It seems to me that oil explains
this ooint The hen gives plenty of
vpntilation and the oil prevents
too
rroat r vnnoration : but the oil may have
other Important functions that as yet
we know nothing about
or. ' The hlack is a little larger than
the other two colors and therefore not
quite so active. We are a little partial
to the white, though all are fine iayers.
Wyandotte Well Liked..
The White Wyandotte'is also a very
fine fowl. It Is a chicken or curves
and Is very graceful ana active.
Is a large fowl but not quite so large
as 'the Orpington. It is a fine layer,
good mother and good all round fowl.
The one who selects me w juuimu
makes a good choice, we una now-
ever there is a great airierence in
strains. .Be sure to get a gooa ia-
ing strain well bred. The Rhode Is
land Red is a fine, medium-sized
chicken, good for eggs and meat, and
a beautiful fowl. Tne greatest ob
jection to it is that it is so nara to
breed true to color, it is a new ureeu
and not so well established and breeds
back if not carefully and scientifically
bred. It Js fine for the lancier, 101-
one needs to, know how to mate ana
breed them to get best results.
The Sinclo Comb White Jegnorn is
the most popular breed of all for eggs
only. They are small, ana 01 noi bj
much value lor taDie use. excepi i
broilers. They are non-sitters and have
to be hatched by incubators, or by hens
of other breeds. They give more eggs
for the feed than any otner Kina.
Therefore, nearly all the egg farms in
the United States are shocked with
White Lee-horns.
Tn i tent the Woman's College finds
Orpingtons better Winter- layers than
r .eo-hirna And Oroinetons and Wyan-
dottes and Rhode Island Reds will all
lov t h manv e tr its as the Ijegnorns, dui
the Leghorns consume less feed. They
lay a beautiful white egg 01 gooa size
and flavor.
Pedigreed Stock Urged.
The White Plymouth Rock is also a
good fowl, though the college did not
get as good results from it as from
nminrtnns. and thereiore aisposea 01
the White and narrea xws.-.s. nus.
cause they are not good chickens, but
because the Orpingtons ana yan
dottes excel them.
The fnlleze also Unas inaian nun
ner ducks to be great layers of large,
heeistifnl and well-flavored eggs, and
therefore verv orofitable fowls. They
have no contagious diseases, will not
fi-u- over a. two-foot fence, will eat
eoire food, good jrraiers, and little
expense for housing, are very hardy.
The English -penciled and the Ameri
can riwn and White are fine varl-
etiee- hut the oure white are the most
popular and will supplant the colored
ones just as 1110 nunc o""1" e-i-
plants the Brown iwegnorn.
Let the. beginner select one variety.
Then see where he can get the best
strain that Is wen Drea irom a scien
tine atandnoint not only for appear
ance, but also for eggs. There is such
a difference in .strains. To say you
hit. Ttehorns or Orpingtons or Wyan
dottes will not prove everything. We
have known some pens of the same
breed to lay twice as many eggs as
other pens. There is a way to select
and line breed stocky so as to make
them almost what you want. It is bet
ter to pay more for one's start and get
line-bred stock that is sciennncauy
raised and mated and is pedigreed. .
r
Some Money-Saving Items
Fruit or Berry
Knicker Dockers
Sugar
84. SO per 100 lbs.
Poultry Netting
81. 20 per roll up.
Wire Fencing
Fine for
school
wear.
Sizes 5 to
'llvered
postpaid,
58c
per pair.
22 per rod up.
J V.
JUST SAMPLES. GET OUR CATALOGUE SO. MA.
Clothing. DT Gooda, T00U, Hardware,
n
Fewer Eastern Eggs Needed
. in Oregon Now
poultry Keepers' Problem Jfovr Is
" Providing Good Food for Flocks
at Loir Price.
' HE supply of eggs produced In the
comes
filling the normal market demand this
season than ever before, says the North
west Horticulturist. Less eggs are be
ing shipped from the Eastern states
than In former years and indications
are that the (season's egg production
will reduce the entire year's importa
tion tn a marked decree. This has come
about through the combined efforts and
good work of both fanciers and egg
farmers. Tho fruit growers find by ex
perience that poultry is a valuable ad
junct to their leading industry and
dairymen give similar reports. Fan
ciers andi breeders state that the de
mand for pure-bred stock has decreased
to some extent, owing perhaps to a
large supply, for this branch of the
poultry industry has Increased by the
hundreds. The market price for eggs
dropped a little earlier than usual but
is again firm find nearing the usual
25-cent mark. The year's average mar
ket price for eggs will not fall far be
low that of other years.
The most important problem before
poultrymen and egg farmers from this
time on is the production of feed at
lowest possible cost. Thousands of dol
lars are spent for feed which should
bo grown by poultrymen themselves.
The cost of sowing a patch of ground
with peas, oats -and wheat mixed and
growing a crop is within reach of all
who have flocks of 100 or more on a
basis whereby half the feed bill can be
saved. This mixture forms an Ideal
ration together with green feed and
some other grain supplements. Try
raising an acre of these grains for each
100 fowls. Invite the chickens when
threshing Is necessary., and note results
in total cost of feed at the end of the
year's operations.
To obtain the highest measure 01
profit in egg production necessitates a
proper solution of the feed problem.
VARIETY ACTRESS ELOPES
Man Abandons wire ana tnuareu
and Robs Firm of $500 0.
ROME, May 10. (Special.) Slgnor-
Ina. Nina de Charny. a talentea young
Neapolitan variety stage artist, who
recently won success In London as an
Interpreter of native songs, nns in
come jnvoivea in an tmuMiB
affair.
tsorclstent court was naia to ner bj
commercial traveler named Grass!,
the representative of a well-known Na
nles firm. Nina's mother, who always
accompanies her daughter on tour, re-
rnuul her consent to a propueeu moi -
riage. being dissatisfied with Grassi's
character. Clandestine corresponaence.
however, continued by means.oi nuvn-
... i . . irti. af.
i DamAnts in me (1 :i 1 1 v u u. 1" t
toir culminated in the flight of the
couple on the eve of a grand benefit
night in the girl's honor. The artlBt
vanished with all her dresses, valuable
jewelrv and 5000 in bank notes, leaving-a
brief note which ran: "Your se
veritv has driven me to this pass. Par
don tne and avoia puDiicny, oioe
n-iii rin hla commercial position.
it now transnlres that this Luigi
Grass 1 is a married man who decamped,
abandoning his wife and four children
in misery after roDDing nis mm i
innn Tho nolice state that he was
also in an intrigue with. another music
l. . It ,t end WAS an HCUUIUIfllC
-1 .h.ft of the famous cope stolen
Successful Gardeners
Know the importance of planting true, pure seeds of
highest quality and Plants and Bulbs raised from
high-grade seed or cuttings from vigorous, healthy
parent stock. JROUTLEDGE'S highest quality Seeds
and Plants may cost a trifle more, but the pleasure
and satisfaction of results more than make up. Yes,
ten times over,, many of our customers say.
Headquarters for Flowering and Bedding Plants
We claim to have the finest collection of. plants in the city.
PLANT DAHLIA AND GLADIOLI BULBS NOW
IS
169 2D St.
.. - jfV.T? 1
irrx riia i u..',f
WAY
Poultry Shells
94 Calcium Carbonate,
best for poultry. JO
IOO pounds for JJo
Crystal Grit
IOO Pounds 93.
Ground Bone
IOO Pounds S2.30
Nest Eggs
Per dozen 16
Palnta, Wall Paner, Etc.
mms
from Ascoll Piceno Cathedral and afU
erwards palmed off onto the late J
Pierpont Morgan, who generously re
stored it to the Italian government
It is believed that the runawayl
shipped at Barcelona en route for Bra
zll. A warrant has been issued tot
their arrest
INVENTION GETS NOTICE
French Printer Makes Improvenienl
of Use to Aviators.
PARIS, May 10. (Special.) Th
French aviator. M. Moreau. who has
been conducting experiments near Me
lun. is credited with having discovered
the secret of automatic stability for
aeroplanes. His invention has caused
a certain amount of excitement In avia.
tion circles, and a generous patriot has
sent him a cheque for J2000 to continue
his experiments.
M. Moreau. before he took to avia
tion, was-a printer's workman, and ha
has spent all his savings in perfecting
his invention. The novelty in his de
sign, as far as can be judged from what
has been made public, consists in a
suspended cage that contains the seat
of the pilot and room for passengers.
It Is described as a pendulum seat and
the way it Is attached under the frama
at a certain point between the propel
ler and the horizontal rudders influ
ences the center of gravity, which Is
maintained constantly at a fixed point
by the movements of the pendulum
seat.
Two levers, which are worked auto
matlcally as the pendulum seat swings,
keep the wings and the rudders con
stantly in the position required fof
maintaining. the stability of the aero
plane.
M. Moreau stuaiea tne msni 01 unai
and came to the conclusion that tn
combined mechanlscm of a crow's .
wings and tall, for instance, worked ,
automatically against the wind, and IS
wan onlv a question of trying to ais
cover the secret by Judicious comblna-J
tlons. He made a moael aeropian,
with a surface of one yard, which con
firmed his impressions as it sailed
through the air almost without a pro
peller. He made a larger model, and
the same principles were successfully
illustrated. He then constructed an
aeroplane with, a motor, and was abls
to fly over Melun without putting his
hand to any of the levers. ,
So satisfied was he with his success
that he asked the military authorities
to come and examine his invention
General Hirschauer sent an officer.
Lieutenant Saulier, to examine it, and
tire officer made a flight with M. oiot
reau which entirely convinced him.
Lieutenant Saulier sat during the flight
he-tide the pilot The basket swung to
and fro easily, while the pilot -kept his
arms folded and simply steerea tne ma.
chine by touching a lever with his foot.
Lieutenant Saulier drew up a favor
able report but so far the military au
thorities have not taken advantage of
the inventor's offer. This is perhaps
due only to the usual slowness with
which public administrations take u
matters of this kind.
Too Warm for Writing.
(Tit-Bits.)
"So you have an accident to report,
have you?" said the head clerk to ths
foreman of the works.
"Yes, sir," said the foreman, and.
after gnawing at his penholder for a
considerable time, he handed the clerk
the report. It read:
"Date: Nov. 28. Nature of accident:
Toe badly crushed. How caused: Acci
dental blow from fellow workman's
sledge hammer. Remarks: "
"Very good." said the clerk. "But
why have you omitted 'Remarks?' "
"Well, sir," said the foreman, who
was a very frank man, "seeing as you
know what Bill is, and as you know
it is his big toe that was hurt I
well
I didn't like to put 'em gown.
Bet. Morrison 6.rohifl
A