The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current, May 11, 1913, SECTION TWO, Image 23

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Newspaper Page TextTHE SUNDAY OKEGONIAN, PORTLAND, MAY tl, 1913. r liquor Dealers n'O SAYS ALL ARE Writer Asserts Customers Make Charac ter of Saloons Rather Than Reverse, as Charged by Reformers The following mrticle. which appeared In the Chicago Inter Ocean under date of April 17. 1913. and which was wTltten by a brewer, a man of unquestioned experience and keen observation. Il lustrates mora nearly actual conditions (In Chicago as well as In other cities) and applies more sound logic In Judging these conditions, than many articles written heretofore upon the subject. We deem It a privilege, as well as a duty to the public, to give the same as wide a publicity as possible. OREGON BREWERS' ASSOCIATION, F. Q. Deckebach. president. The Inter Ocean on March 20 last published an extensive Interview with Dean Walter T. Sumner, in which were set forth the views of this noted Chi cago clergyman on the social evil, and especially on the connection between vice and the liquor traffic Some of Dean Sumner's views met with approval from the brewers of the country. To some statements, however, they take exception, and an answer has been prepared by Percy Andreae. Mr. Andreae is chairman of the United States Brewers' Association, a National organization with headquarters in New York City. Its membership Includes most of the brewers of the United States. Mr. Andreae has paid much at tention to the study and improvement of the liquor traffic from the viewpoint of the brewers. Following is the open letter which has been sent to Dean Sumner: The Very Rev. Dean Walter T. Sum ner, 117 North Peoria street. Chicago Dear Sir; I have Just read your article on the social evil in last Sunday's edi tion of the Inter Ocean, and there Is so much in it with which I fully and heartily agree that I feel the more emboldened to offer a few comments on those portions of the article in the penning of which I cannot help be lieving that both your sense of justice and your sense of proportion must have forsaken you. When I preface ' these comments by saying that I am engaged in the brew ing business, and that I take consider ' able pride in the fact, it will scarcely be necessary for me to state that the passages In your article regarding which I Join issue with you are those that bear upon the relationship of the WITH PHILLIP CHRIST'S DEATH, EARLY VANCOUVER SOLDIERS BUT MEMORY Last Survivor of First Garrison of Neighboring Post Leaves Record of Varied Experiences During Mexican "War and Indian Troubles Along Columbia River. I I "Actf . - - .. - ' 7vi ,s,.i- i i , 'fc'-',iS I VANCOUVER. Wash., May 10. (Special.) Phillip Christ, who died here last Tuesday, was the last survivor of the first detachment of soldiers ever sent to Vancouver Bar racks. This was in 1849. Phillip Christ was born May 24, 1824. in Nassau, Germany, and In June, 1847, he sailed from Antwerp, Belgium, landing in New ' York 62 days later. After working a few months at his trade, that of shoemaker, he enlisted in Company L First Artillery. After passing two years on Gov ernor's Island he was ordered to the front, and in a few days set sail in a Government transport. When In the Bahama Islands the ship was caught In a gale and wrecked, all being thrown Into the boiling ocean. But one man was lost. The troops took refuge on an Island and hoisted a signal of distress, having little to eat for 11 days, when another transport rescued them and landed them at Fort Moultrie, South Carolina. Alter six weeks at this fort they were sent to Vera Cruz, Mexico, on the Em pire, a sailing vessel. At the end of the Mexican war the troops were sent to New York in July, 1S48. Previous to this the Hudson Bay Company had established trading posts In several places, one being at Van couver. A few settlers had braved the dangers or the plains, while others had sailed around the Horn and settled in this vicinity. They needed protection from the Indians, and possibly from the English. Accordingly an order was issued for Companies L, and M. First Artillery of New YorK, to sail for Fort Vancouver, solng by way of the Strait of Magellan. In October, 1848. the batteries started on the long and adventurous voyage, bound for Fort Vancouver. Vancouver was reached on May 15. 1849. For six months, while the sol diers, commanded by Major Hatheway, were building their quarters. they lived in tents. The cooking was done In the open or in a large tent and the JUDGED BY FEW so-called liquor traffic to the evil you are discussing. Saloonkeeper Gets Blame. It has become so common in our day, perhaps because It is so convenient, to blame the saloonkeeper, or the liquor traffic for all humanity's Ills, and for all the failures of those- who seek to cure those Ills, that to question the Justice of this proceeding is almost as daring an undertaking as it is to ques tion the truth of a religious dogma. Unfortunately for him, the saloon keeper, not being a man of letters, and so equipped with the means of refuting the Indiscriminate aspersions with which his detractors assail him, is forced to bear those aspersions in silence, while those among his hundreds of thousands of friends and patrons who have the ability to defend him, and to expose the injustice, the fallacies, and In many cases the deliberate falsi fication which only too often charac terize the attacks of his enemies, re main silent for a different reason, namely, because they are too cowardly to give voice to a truth which they believe to be unpopular. Hence the general public, hearing always only one side of the controversy, concludes that there is no other side, with the con sequence that the saloonkeeper is in dicted, tried and sentenced, without being even heard in his own defense. I do not believe, from what I know of you, that you would for one moment willingly participate in such an act of Injustice, and it is solely in this belief that I am publicly addressing you on what I consider the unwarranted con clusions set forth in your article. Is Statement Justt Because, by actual count, as you say, 23S brothel housekeepers in Chicago have added the retailing of alcoholic beverages to their nefarious calling, is It Just to class upwards of 7000 saloon. keepers in the City of Chicago as "the greatest supporters of the social evil." and "as the greatest reapers of the profits of the social evil?" Because these 236 brothel housekeepers collect the charge they exact for the human bodies they supply by adding that charge to the price of the alcoholic (and, by the way, the other) beverages they sell, is it justifiable to denounce the liquor traffic as a whole as "the ABOVE, OLD FORT VAXCOtJVER headquarters of Major Hatheway were in a tent. To the lot of Phillip Christ fell the task of supplying the camp with fresh water, with a balky old mule and a two-wheeled, cart. Cisterns were dusr and these ke kept filled. The rations given the soldiers then were not always the most appetizing. Their daily fare was black coffee, nork and beans, bread made from musty nour ana occasionally potatoes. After v jf 4 most damnable Institution at present existing In our social life?" There are 7200 saloons in Chicago, and the figure 236 is Just a fraction over 8 per cent of those 7200 saloons. Yet it is by this 3 per cent that you are Judging and condemning the remain ing 97 per cent. Is not this a com plete reversal of the method of Jehovah, who was willing to stay the doom of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah, If only an infinitesimal fraction of a per. centage of the people of those cities could be proved to be righteous and God-fearing? The Bible tells us that not ten such Inhabitants could be found. Yet these cities must have had men of all walks of life among their inhabitants, cor responding to our merchants, lawyers, physicians, teachers, ministers, etc. I have often wondered whether Jehovah attributed the sinfulness of all these people solely or mainly to the iniquity of the saloons of those ancient com munities and destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah merely to root out that one alleged source of all evil. Saloons Xot Responsible. Since I know from the Bible that there were not ten respectable men in thoso cities', I am fairly convinced that every saloon in Sodom and Gomorra was "& damnable institution. But I am equally convinced that It was not the damnable saloons that made the damnable people of those cities, but rather the damnable people of those cities that created their damnable sa loons. If it bad not been so, would Jehovah have destroyed those people. Instead of rather destroying the sa loons or the saloonkeepers that created them? Every family, every calling, every profession has Its black sheep. Take your own profession, for instance (and I earnestly beg you to believe that I refer to that profession for no reason personal to yourself or your fellow clergymen, but merely because I can conceive of no better way to point my argument). If you investigate the pris on statistics of the country you will find that a comparison between the number of preachers of the gospel and the number of saloonkeepers confined in our penitentiaries is by no means one to cause the latter class to feel ashamed. Moreover, no one who reads the daily newspapers requires to be in formed that the particular offenses to which the black sheep of the first named class are most prone are' the very offenses 'that constitute the main source from which the social evil orig inates. .Yet would it be fair or Just or logical to conclude that for this reason the clergy as a whole is "the most damnable institution at present exist ing In our social life?" I say no honest reasoner would draw such a - conclu sion. Yet, In what respect is that con clusion any more unfair, unjust and il logical than the conclusion you have presented to thousands of readers that, because 236 houses of ill-fame sell liquor, therefore the 7200 saloonkeepers BELOW, PHILLIP CHRIST. the troops had been here for several months mutton was served occasional ly. Sheep then sold for 88 a head and potatoes cost 83 a bushel. The chaplains of the Army then were carried on the muster rolls as "Chap lain and schoolmaster," but there was no Chaplain with the first soldiers sent here. The first one arrived February 13. 1853. But five or six women were with the troops. These were wives of soldiers. of Chicago are "the greatest reapers 'of the profits of the social evil"? Room for Improvement. I fully agree with you, and I know that many saloonkeepers do likewise, when you say that there is room for great improvement in the conduct and the character of the saloon business In this country. Whether such improve ment, even if it is effected, will prevent the brothel-housekeeper from buying and selling alcoholic beverages is, how ever, very questionable. But the main fallacy of those who are advocating this Improvement is the same fallacy which, I submit, underlies your sweep Ing condemnation of a trade that should no more be Judged solely by its shady side than should any other trade or profession. That fallacy consists In the assump' tion that it is the character of the sa loon that makes the character of the community in which it exists. The re verse is the truth. It is the man that makes the character of the saloon he frequents, not the saloon that makes the character of the man who frequents It. The low saloon does not create the social evil, but the social evil does un doubtedly create the low saloon. If you get rid of the social evil you will get rid of the low saloon. But, if you suo- ceeded In suppressing' every low saloon in Chicago, the social evil would not be minimized thereby a particle. I venture to say here. Incidentally, and I know that the experience of every practical man who has studied this question will bear out my state ment, that the percentage of cases where a girl has lost her virtue and started on the downward path in a sa loon is, comparatively speaking, ex tremely small. Gravitates After Fall. It is after she has fallen that she gravitates toward the class of saloon that caters to her kind, both male and female, and she helps to create and maintain that class of saloon. Just as a tough neighborhood will create and maintain a tough saloon and a crim inal neighborhood a criminal saloon. Considering the two and a quarter mil lion population of the City of Chicago and the well-known percentage of mankind the world over who are of tough, vicious or criminal proclivities, it would be surprising, in fact, if the number of places that have been called into existence by that percentage in Chicago should not prove in reality to be larger than you nave estimated. Every student of economics knows that it is the demand that creates the supply, not the supply that creates the demand; and more than that, it is upon the character of the demand that the character of the supply is conditioned, and not vice versa. Yet all the argu ments and all the actions of those who, like yourself, are endeavoring to better the moral conditions under which we live, are persistently based upon the very opposite assumption, with the re sult that, instead of bettering those conditions, they render them worse. I That the American saloon generally They drew rations the same as the men and did the soldiers' laundry, being paid about 75 cents a month for each man. The soldiers then were paid 87 a month, but a bill was passed by Con gress increasing the pay of men on duty in distant posts to double for 20 months, after which period they were paid for time and a half, or 810.50 a month, clothes and rations. The strength of the garrison Decern ber 31, 1850, was 18 officers and 234 enlisted men, composing six companies, A, B, C. D, F. G and I, Mounted Rifle men. v The old-fashioned flintlock and percussion cap guns were in use then. Letters mailed October 8, 1850, in ashington, D. C, to Fort Columbia that was the name of the post in the early days reached their destination January 27. Whisky at that time cost 88 a gallon and gin or rum could be secured for the same price. Clothing was sold by the sutlers at exorbitant prices. The Indians went on the warpath in 1855 and the soldiers and settlers fought them. Phillip Christ then lived in a log cabin on his little clearing and slept at night behind a log. without even a blanket to keep him warm, to escape the Indians. Had he slept in his cabin he would have been found and murdered and scalped by the Indians. On his 80th birthday Mr. Christ, who had been smoking for 60 years, without warning gave up the habit without taking any kind of a cure. DAILY METEOROLOGICAL KEJOBT. PORTLAND, May 10. Maximum temper sture. S9 degrees; minimum. 50 deKrses Klver reading, 8 A. M., 10.9 feet: change In Inst 24 hours .6 foot rise. Total rainfall (5 P. M. to 5 P. M.), .IS Inch; total rainfall i-Tim.TO , oo.ox uicnus; 1101 - mal rainfal since September 1, 40.72 Inches: denciency of rainfall since September 1, 1M12. 7.41 Inches. Total sunshine, none; possible sunshine. 14 hours' 48 minutes. Harometer (reduced to sea level) at 6 P. M.. 0O.03 inches. THE WEATHER. k. Wind III"? a o - I e s ? -1 p ' at Stats ot Weather STATIONS Rakr 600 .0210'NW Rain Boise . 7010 (M 12?W Cloudy Boston Calirarv 50 64 0 uu IB fi W 00! S-NW IClear Pt. cloudy Clear f'hlcfl.e'O 44:0 .00.12 N Colfax ' Denver Des Moines '. . . Duluth Eureka Galveston Helena ' Jacksonville .. Kansaa cltv . . , Klamath Falls Luurler lns Angeles . . , Medford , Montreal , New Orleans ... New York North Head ... North Yakima . Pendleton Phoenix 6 0 iiO'.. ... Cloudy 64 0 .00 10-N Clear Pt. cloudr 58,0 6ojo .00 8 SB OO 8 NE Clear Clear Clear oe i .89 18 W 76 0 62 O 00 83 nfll fltvw Cloudy 04 lolNE iRaln 4N O 50 O .ltllOSB Rain ai 4,s LPt. cloudr 04 4 8 "Cloudy 00 8 SW Clear 04 4 MWlpt clmidv O 0 720 62 0 44iO .00110'N IClear 40 52 3 52 O 60i0 OO'lO SW !Pt. cloudy .0636 NWlclear 50228 IRaln 081 HE IRaln Ol A'RVL' I 6 0 920 .oot 4 NE Clear' Pocateilo ...... 70 O OOIIOSW .Cloudy .IS' S SW Rain ,utf 14 SW (Cloudy .OOi iSW IClear .001 6 E (Cloudy .00 63 Clear OO 8 SW Cloudy Portland Roseburg Saerampntn . . J .'.!; 0. 62 O 70 O 6S0 62 0 St. Louis St. Paul Salt Lake San Fmnplipn 7&0. 62 O 6S:0 tS'O, 00'12'W K?Iear 04 4 NW Rain 261 :sw Rain Spokane lacoma Tatoosh Island Wafla Walla . . 52 0. S: 8 S Cloudv 62 O. 6.SO. 72 0. 610. 64 ;o. Washngton .... 02' 8 N Clear Pt. cloudy Pt, cloudy Cloudy weiser 06 14 SE 00 4'S OOI14-RW WenatcheA Winnipeg WEATHER CONDITIONS. A large hign-pressure field, central over the. Lakes region, overlies most of the coun try from. the. Mississippi Valley eastward ex cept In the extreme northeast. Another high-pressure area Is spreading Inland over the Pacific Slope. A trough of low pressure extends from the Mexican border to western Canada, covering the Rocky Mountain states and the western portion of the plains states. Precipitation has occurred within the last 24 hours in Oregon. Washington. California. Idaho. .Montana. Nebraska. Kan- sas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and in scattered is what it is today Is not due to the saloonkeeper, but to the public, which demands the kind of saloon he conducts, and no other. But, instead of aiming to improve the taste of the public, those who are indiscriminately decry ing the saloon are still further debas ing that taste. In other words, Instead of seeking to elevate the character of the demand that creates the supply, they are foolishly degrading the chan nels through which that supply flows Is Method TTsed ProperT Do you think, for Instance, that by publicly classing 97 per cent of the saloonkeepers of Chicago with the per centage of brothel-house keepers who have obtained licenses to retail liquor, you are advancing the much desired change In the character of the Chicago saloon? Such statements, when they are made by the profesisonal prohibi tion agitator, may be ignored, but when they emanate from men of your char acter and standing they are repeated by thousands of thoughtless and ig norant people, until by mere repetition they assume the nature of an axiom and. Instead of inducing a higher type of man to take the place of the low type saloonkeeper, they drive the ex isting high-class saloonkeeper In dis gust to give place to the man who does not care one lota how you or others may class him. Meanwhile the effect of this policy of Indiscriminate vlllification produces, if possible, a worse effect upon a large portion of the saloonkeeper's custom ers than it does upon the saloonkeeper himself. It makes hypocrites of those customers. And here you have the fountain and origin of that which you rightly criticise in the American saloon of today, namely, the almost incredible hypocrisy that has been bred, by Just such wholesale denunciations as yours, in a large number of American men who frequent, and always will fre quent, the saloon, but who demand the facilities of doing so without being seen by those whose opinions of the saloon they publicly pretend to concur in, but In secret laugh at. These men are recruited from the same large class of people who, In pub lic, follow the modern fashion of rail ing against drink and the drink-seller, and who, in private, have their beer, or whisky, or other similar beverages smuggled into their houses concealed in flour barrels, vegetable baskets, or other innocent-looking receptacles. It is largely men of your profession as a class without doubt the best intentioned men in the-world who are unwittingly creating these hypocrites, and thus, pathetically enough, are pro ducing the very thing they are so ar dently working to destroy. You may possibly think that I make this statement merely by way of turn ing the tables, or In order to create a sensational effect. But I solemnly as sure you that I have no such effect in view. On the contrary, I ask you to ponder the statement earnestly, for I know the truth of what I am saying. and hundreds of thousands of other men, who, though they may profess to you to be inexpressibly shocked at this sections along the Atlantic seaboard. Thun derstorms were reported from Helena, 'Okla homa City, Jacksonville and Charleston. The weather Is much warmer in Canada, and the Northern Rocky Mountain and Northern plains states, and It Is cooler In Oregon, Oklahoma. Missouri, the Ohio Valley and Middle and North Atlantic states. The conditions are favorable for showers Sunday In this district, with cooler weather In Southern Idaho and generally southerly winds. FORECASTS. Portland and vicinity Showers; south to southwest winds. Oregon and Washington Showers; not much change In temperature; south to south, west winds. Idaho Showers; cooler south portion. Money in German Wheels. Baltimore American. Germany is pressing ahead in the manufacture of motor cars two of the largest companies recently have de clared dividends of 25 and 27 per cent, respectively but she is still far be hind in the number of cars per capita as compared with England and France. In England there is one motor vehicle - MICHIGAN EXCURSION JUNE 27 ACCOUNT Grand Homecoming of Michiganders Special Trains Carrying the Last Word in Luxurious Equipment, VIA THE , GREATEST Excursion Ever Run From the Northwest to the East. Eegin Planning Your Trip Now For Fares and Particulars, Phone, Call or Write , O.-W. R. & N. City Ticket Office, Third and Washington, Portland, Oregon. Phones: Marshall 4500, or A 6121. utterance of mine, realize that same truth, but have not the courage or the manhood to say it. Hypocrisy, unfortunately, is the be setting sin of an appalling number of our fellow-citizens, and it is far worse and Its insidious effect upon our social life-is infinitely more far-reaching than all the evils of the disreputable saloon, which it is largely instrumental in creating. Product of Consumer. The accusation, however true it may be, that among the thousands of cus tomers who are supplied, or commer cially assisted, by the brewing con cerns of this city, there are some dis reputable ones who should not be in the business at all, does not alter the force, or affect the bearing of this broader fact namely, that that which is unclean In the business is primarily the product not of him who manufac tures and supplies drink but of him who purchases and consumes it. Every brewer and every saloonkeeper realizes the delicate and difficult posi tion in which this fact places him as a business man. I have no doubt, for Instance, that if I could personally in vestigate all places supplied by the concerns I am connected with I should find some highly undesirable ones. Some brewers are perhaps less con cerned than others about the character of tho trade they supply. But the brewers as a whole do Inquire, and in quire diligently into the moral sur roundings of those with whom they deal commercially, and I believe they are the only class of commercial men that do so. For I have yet to learn that the banker refuses to lend money on security, because the bor rower intends to use that money for nefarious purposes, cr that the dry goods merchant, the haberdasher, the butcher, the grocer, the real estate man, or any others refuse to serve the panderer or the prostitute, because by so doing they are contributing to their comfort, their maintenance, or, worse still, to the stock-in-trade of their business. Real Influence of Womeau In conclusion, let me say that I wish with all my heart I could share your sanguine expectation that the evil of intemperance will be destroyed by our good women, if and when they obtain the ballot in thi3 country. But you imply, in the same connection, that you expect this result to come, not from the morally uplifting influence of in dividual women upon our race, to which we owe the best part of our moral progress in the past, but from the repressive laws which you say women will succeed In enact ing, and this leads us to conclude that you do not rate as high as I do the real influence which woman has in the past exercised, and I hope will in the future still exercise, in this very direction. Here, too, you appear to argue from the assumption that it is the surround ing circumstances that create the weakness of man, whereas It is so ab solutely the weakness of man that cre for every 10 persons, as against one for every 441 In France and 927 in Germany. SEany Non-Slaveholders. (Clark Howell in April Century.) For every slaveholder in the Confed erate army there were from 7000 to 10, 000 non slaveholders. Thus, by a strange paradox. It was the non-slaveholder who furnished by far most of the troops for the war to perpetuate slavery. By keeping that fact in mind, the later restoration of the South is better understood. For here were men, many of whom were looked down upon by the slaves themselves as "po" white trash," battling to perpetuate an insti tution in which they had only an indi rect monetary interest less than that, for it was undoubtedly inimical to their own welfare. When the war was over this class felt the grip of desolation equally with the richer class, though never having enjoyed luxury they were perhaps bet m mm mrw -n." ss m - r O.-W. R. & N. OREGON SHORT LINE DENVER & RIO GRANDE UNION PACIFIC CHICAGO-NORTHWESTERN AND MICHIGAN CENTRAL ates the surrounding circumstances which cater and minister to that weak ness. Or has your experience really led you to the fallacious conclusion of so many of your fellow teachers of the present day that repressive legislation can relieve them of any of the burdens of their task as educators and uplifters of their kind and render that task an easier one? Main Object of Laws. The main object of repressive laws, as I understand them, is .to remove temptation from the weak. The main object of religion, and therefore of ed ucation, is, on the contrary, to strengthen the weak so that they may be the better able to withstand tempta. tion. The first object, if it were at tainable which it notoriously Is not would, of course, take much toll and trouble off your shoulders and practic ally render your calling a sinecure. But would it accomplish what the sec ond object alms to accomplish, namely, to raise mankind itself to that higher spiritual level toward which our re ligion directs us to strive? Is the thief who goes to prison a thief no longer? Or, to put it more broadly, can the removal of temptation, even if it were possible, alter the weak and un stable characters of those who are liable to succumb to it any more than the prison bars can transform the crim inals we place behind them into honest and upright members of human so ciety? I fervently trust that woman, when she obtains the vote, will not realize your expectations in the manner you suggest, but that, instead of ap pealing to Caesar to carry out the task she has been specially ordained and fitted to accomplish, she will continue to pursue the slower but surer method of performing that task herself. I have never heard the truth regard ing human imperfection and the lu dicrous attempts to cure it by law more pitifully expressed than by an old Ger man saloonkeeper, who, in his humble way, did more than any man I have ever known to guRle the young and foolish safeiy past the rocks and eddies which we all of us have to encounter In our passage along the stream of life. He was referring to the vice of intem perance, but his words are applicable, mutatis mutandis, to all human vice and weakness, and this is how they ran: "It ain't 'cause folks drink too much that they're no good. It's cause they're no good that they drink too much, and other folks Is wasting time trying to cure their trouble at the wrong end." It is not the language of Milton or Wordsworth. But it is the language of pure,unadulterated common sense, and there is nothing our country is so saaiy in need of at the present time as a little of that self-same simple common sense. Would that men of your acknowl edged character, broad view and high purpose might realize this fact and condescend occasionally to listen to and learn from men of the character and the practical experience of my humble friend, the old German saloon keeper. Very truly yours. PERCx ANDKBAB. (PAID ADVERTISEMENT.) ter qualified to face the situation. The noteworthy fact is that they now fought for the South's redemption, side by side with what was after the war called the "broken-down aristocracy." Caste, and the line of cleavage, were forgot ten in a common woe. All classes united in the glgantio task of making headway against what seemed insuper able odds. To speak with candor, the law of the survival of the fittest got in its work during this period of readjust ment. The shrewd business acumen of the man who had been unable to acquire slaves before the war came Into full play when the old slave oligarchy passed. He was on a plane of equality with his neighbors. If he was compe tent he progressed with them in the process of redemption. If he was shift less he was left in the ruck, where he still remains. It is a fact not gen erally understood that more whites of this class than negroes were, in ef fect, "emancipated," as the result of the war. A Most Splendid Example of Loyalty to "His Own State." Every Michigander Will Want to Go.