THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, DECEMBER 8. 1913.
8
FISH AND GAME SUPPLY PLENTIFUL
IN VAST SIUSLAW NATIONAL RESERVE
Trails Being Built and Deforested
Agricultural
CffJcf cuns pontfrti.
Sutefavs 9otonoJ 7Z
nssC
BY ALFRED POWERS.
FLORENCE, Or.. Dec 7. (Special.)
-Isolated and unfrequented, the Sius
law National Forest is a vast scenic
region of 821,000 acres that has not yet
come into its own. Few of those who
take outings are pioneers. Mostly they
are content to fish in famous trout
streams that have gained fame at the
expense of their trout, to .hunt in
hunted out repions, and to gaze upon
ace'nery almost worn with being gazed
upon.
The conventional angler or re
cuperating pugilist finds no beaten
path to the Siuslaw forest and turns
away; an occasional editor, surveyor,
or hiking professor proceeds along its
fringes, but in its remote interior, un
snot at, pot-bellied ducks fly . skim
mingly across the lakes, dragging their
tails In the water; unmolested except
by panthers, deer graze among the
fernB and violets, and bears, ignorant
of the sinister reports of guns, live
Incautious lives, eating until Christmas
time of the abundant harvest the ever
present heath family provides thou
sands of gallons of huckleberries,
salalberries and blueberries.
Mack Land Homeateaded.
Of the 81,000 acres of the original
forest reserve 45 per cent is now
alienated by homesteads and timber
claims. Nearly all level agricultural
land has been taken, although far up
near the heads of the tributaries of
streams there are diminutive, but
fertile tracts. These, far oft as they
are, and even the sand plains seem
worth while to the land-hungry home
steader. Sometimes a serious-eyed school
teacher mounted on a pony rides far
out from the towns and settlements in
search of a claim, less awed by the
endless stretch of hills and sand and
ocean than by the endless succession
of oppressive days in the schoolroom.
In the angle between the ocean and
the Siuslaw River two men have taken
homesteads on sand dunes without so
much as a salt marsh, their shimmering
gray unrelieved by a sprig of green,
their unfertile depths affording sus
tenance not even for a sand verbena.
There are. three important rivers in
the forest the Alsea, the Siuslaw
and the Umpqua. Along these,
their tributaries and the numerous
lakes there live something like 5000
people, who earn an easy and plentiful
living by lumbering, dairying, fishing,
truck farming, stock and fruit raising,
ami peeling chittem bark, of which it
is said the annual output is 150 tons.
Large Area li Barrea,
A great deal of the area embraced
In the forest reserve is comparatively
barren. Millions and millions of char
red spikes stick up, remnants of the
great fire of JS46 which consumed
enough lumber to build, homes for a
nation. On thousands of acres where
big firs once stood now grow useless
alders thick as wheat. Hills and
ridges once clothed with the green of
trees loom out of the Fall mists red
aa a briar pipe with their coverings of
matted and dying fern. The third
enemy to the second growth fir has
been the sand. which, crawling far in
from shore, has destroyed many square
mtlea of vegetation.
The barrenness of the forest has
made It the field of much replanting.
At present 3 men are at work on
Mount Hebo planting Douglas fir. In
the sand, in the snow on mountains,
along the creeks and marshes, every
where the forester is carrying on his
few n f - :v Ji::;5 1 !Wf f .
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Districts Planted Homesteaders Have Made Extensive Inroads on Available
Area and Sand Is Yearly Destroying Much Vegetation.
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work of reclamation. A few years
back Ranger C. H. Young, of Florence,
was set to work with a large crew and
detailed Instructions, replanting a
large area. Skeptical of the instruc
tions, he presumed after the planting
was nearly finished to substitute a
method of his own.
Practical Method Tried.
Ranger Young used to live in the
Middle West and as a boy planted sod
corn, which wa a simple process that
consisted of a hole being made for the
seed with a sharp stick or an ax ana
covered by being stepped upon. In
this manner, he planted a good sized
tract which, of all the region seeded
that year. Is now covered with fast
growing, trees.
Once too, courageous of consequences,
this forest-farmer "swiped" three wil
lows, and went way off. where no one
ARABIAN NIGHTS PALED
BY PLANT MENS WORK
Vast Sums Contributed to National Wealth by Inventions and Discoveries
of Agricultural Scientists Uncle Sam Eakes World for New Plants.
WASHINGTON, Dec. T. (Special.)
Results more wonderful than
those attributed to the genii of
Aladdin's lamp are being achieved
through the work of Uncle Sam's ex
perts in discovering, originating and
introducing new and wonderful food
products for the American people.
Though attracting comparatively little
attention they are putting the results
of achievements more remarkable than
any narrated in the Arabian Nights
Into the ordinary city majKet ana cor
ner grocery. Few persons realize the
tremendous value of any new crop or
food product that comes into general
use among the people of the United
States.
A long list could be made of these,
each one of which has added millions
of dollars to the wealth of the country.
While the names of Edison, Bell and
other wonder-workers In the .mechan
ical field are familiar to 'everybody,
probably not one American In 10,000.
for instance, ever heard of Fphraim
Bull. The Rumph brothers are un
known, and the name of William Saun
ders means nothing . to the average
would see him and planted them be
side a little stream that flowed through
the sand. It was a theft almost as
beneficial In Its results as the far
famed theft of Prometheus, for now in
the Siuslaw forest are growing some
thing like 15,000 willows. But unlike
the altruistic Greek, Ranger Young did
not "get in wrong" with the gods. On
the other hand, they put him In charge
of two range stations, being half the
forest.
Little by little, trails are being built
through the forest. There is now a
good pack trail from Florence, on the
Siuslaw, to Toledo, on the Yaquina; a
distance of 80 miles. This has side
trails leVding to the beach, wagon
roads and other trails. The hiker along
these trails in Winter would find near
ly every physical feature of the earth
colored with an artistry and Inhabited
with a life not spoken of in books.
man. And yet these are all men whose
inventions have been as valuable to
the country as those, of their more
famous fellows, and they were the
forerunners of others who are contin
ually adding millions to the wealth and
resources of the Nation. Their dis
coveries in the agricultural world are
comparable to the Inventions of the
telephone and the typesetting machine
In the world of technology. They
reaped no profit from their discoveries.
But the American farmer has gained
through them many millions of dollars
annually.
Coacorda All From One Seedtime
The vines of the Chautauqua grape
belt, producing annually 200,000,000
pounds of grapes, come almost entirely
from the cuttings of a seedling planted
by Ephralm Bull In Concord, Mass., 68
years ago. His discovery was the
famous Concord grape. The Rumph
brothers evolved, from a single tree of
an imported Chinese cling peach In
Georgia, in 1870, the famous Elberta
and Belle varieties which have since
earned fortunes for growers. And
Saunders, from the importation of a
single bunch of scions from Bahia, Bra
ill, became the discoverer of the navel
orange and the founder of groves such
as the world never saw before.
The sclentlflo breeding of plants Is
startlingly new. Of course the older
nations suceeded in improving their
plants to some degree. Wheat, for In
stance. . as far back as we know, was
an "improved grain." The original
wild wheat from which it Is derived
has long since vanished from the face
of the earth. But 80 years ago tne way
in which the plants were built was so
imperfectly understood that tne cell
organ called the nucleus, which has
come to play such an Important role
in plant hybridization, had not oeen
discovered. Common principles of
heredity in plants which today are
truisms to every agricultural scientist
were not even suspected.
Plant breeding haa progressed rap
Idly, has gone far. It has given us the
sDineless cactus, the seedless orange
and apple. One of its latest triumphs
is the seedless grape. It is recognized
as the basis of progressive agricul
ture. Back of the farmer stands the
scientist with test tube and Jar, the
modern substitute for Aladdin s lamp,
and with his theories of fertilization
and cross breeding. Every state in the
Union maintains its corps of scientists
to improve its grains, its vegetables.
its fruits. And the National Govern
znent spends millions of dollars a year
conducting breeding experiments lor
nlanta on a scale never attempted DO'
fore. Uncle Sam rakes the world for
new fathers and mothers for his plant
stock. A missionary up some remote
stream In Central China gets a letter
from the Denartment of Agriculture
requesting him to ship home seeds oz
some fruit known to exist in his lo
cality. And these seeds become the
mothers of a new American fruit or a
hardier breed of peach, pear or plum.
The American Consul in some distant
tronlcal island is impressed into serv
ice to send In slips of some bush or
shrub of value which may subsequently
spread over our Southern States.
Sot Bean Varieties Multiply.
One of the plants Uncl'e Sam went
after in connection with the forage
crop Improvement Investigations was
the humble soy bean. In 1907 there
were known In this country only '28
varieties of this bean. In a recent bul
letin of the Bureau of Plant Industry
300 are mentioned. These forms have
been gathered in the last five years
in the bazaars of Oriental villages or
bought from peasants In Japan, India,
China, Siberia, Corea and the Dutch
East Indies by trained explorers, Amer
ican Consuls, missionaries or special
corresDondents.
A fruit on the breeding oi wnicn
Uncle Sam has expended much time Is
the persimmon, which in a few years
will probably be for sale at every cor
ner grocery. The Department oi Agri
culture collected for its experiments
over 200' varieties of the persimmon
and allied species from all parts of the
world, including one place In the exact
center of the Chinese Empire and an
other on an island a few hunred mires
seaward from Madagascar. The e
suit is a delicious fruit the size of an
nnnle and entirely free from puciter.
The new persimmons irunea last year
In North Carolina and were so popular
that the call for young trees by or
chard men has overwhelmed the de
partment at Washington. In Japan
th nnrslmmon la esteemed aouvo uw
orange. It Is eaten dried, stewed, sliced
freah like a peach, or may De irozen.
when thoroughly ripe, to produce some
thing like a delectable snerpei.
in order to bring about these re
sults, however, the sugar beet requires
unusual care in lis cultivation. iu
nead is drilled In rows, several beet
seeds being planted to the Inch. When
the beets are up laborers go through
the fields with a hoe and "block" them
out, leaving a single small bunch every
eight inches. And here the trouble
For a beet seed is rarely a
single seed. It normally contains sev
eral beet germs, pernaps as many a
six. So the little beet clusters must De
thinned. Laborers go through the
Airi on hands and knees, grasping one
harrtv heetlet between the thumb and
forefinger of the lelt nana, wnne wnn
the right hand tney pun oui me re
maining beeUets. If this operation is
nnt narformed at a certain period in
th riavelonment of the plants those
left to grow will die or will become
useless, spindling roots. The task of
tnlnnlnir the beets is tne moat iaDo-
rlous and expensive that confronts the
beet farmer.
Task Is Laborious.
Truman G. Palmer, an authority on
sugar beet culture, Interested Secretary
Wilson In developing the single-germ
beet seed In 1902. By great labor the
Government scientists secured zooo
single-germ seeds. For this over 200,
000 beet seeds had to be examined, for
only 1 per cent of the seeds are nor
mally single-germ. The first generation
of the plants seeded In two years (the
beet is a biennial and tne oesi piani
yielded 26 per cent of single-germ
seeds. In -the second generation one
plant yielded SO per cent single-germ
seed. The fifth generation has Just
been reached and shows one plant
yielding over 80 per cent of single
germ seed. Probably In a few more
generations the constant single-germ
seed will be a reality. The beet farm
er will save from to to o an acre m
hand labor and It Is estimated that
his average tonnage will be increased
from one-third to one-half, thus add
ing from S23 to J26 to -his profit per
acre. On tneir present acreage mo
beet farmers would gain from 111,000.
000 to 813,000,000. from the production
of single-germ balls In quantities suf
ficient for general use. Actually the
saving would undoubtedly be far great
er than this. Under the encouragement
afforded by the tariff on foreign sugar
the beet sugar industry has grown very
rapidly and agricultural experts pre
dict that If present conditions are
maintained the time will come when
all the sugar required by the Amer
ican people will be produced in the
United States, a result to which the
evolution of the single-germ Beed un
doubtedly will contribute greatly and
which would maKe tne total Bavin g to
the farmers of the country amount to
nearly $100,000,000 a year. Probably no
better illustration than this could be
found of the vast sums which an ap
parently slight Improvement in an Im
portant crop will save.
Melons Are Hybridized.
Sometimes Uncle Sam has to Jump
into the plant-breeding business in an
mergency, as when the watermelon
disease laid waste the melon fields in
the South some years ago. The Gov
ernment plant doctors found that the
so-called pie melon or cow melon, ut
hard, inedible variety used only for
pickling, was not subject to the dis
ease. These were hybridized with
the regular watermelons ana tne re
sult was a thousand varieties oi hy
brids of all shapes and colors and
Bizes, some soft as custard and others
that could have been used a cannon
balls. From these six which most re
sembled watermelons, but proved able
to resist the disease, were selected for
perpeuatlon and after several years of
further breeding and selection a type
was secured which was thoroughly
edible and immune from the disease.
Plant breeding in its commercial
phases is of such recent growth and
has progressed so rapidly that the aver
age man scarcely dreams of the possi
bilities it opens. What Burbank suc
ceeded in doing on a small scale the
Government is developing on an im
mense scale. The new vegetable 'gen
eration bids fair to be a remarkable
one and with the development of new
and remarkable forms of plant life the
American corner grocery of the fu
ture will contain an array of vege
tables and fruits strange and exotic
like the product of an Arabian. Nights
garden.
NEW SENATOR FROM SOUTH DAKOTA
UNKNOWN AS PUBLIC OFFICE HOLDER
Democrat, Who Followed Bull Moose Leader, Offers Paper for Sale Adolph Lewisohn Generous Contributor to
Philanthropic Cause George T. Oliver Benefits by Treatment for Kidney Trouble.
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EW YORK, Dec 7. (Special.)
Thomas Sterling is the newly
chosen Senator from South Da
kota. Mr. Sterling is a lawyer and
lives in Vermillion. He was born in
Ohio and admitted to the bar in Illi
nois. He went to Dakota when it was
territory and was a member of the
Constitutional Convention of the State
of South Dakota. He has been a mem
ber of the Legislature, but has held no
other public office.
Gilbert D. Paine is going to sell the
Memphis News Scimitar, one of the
liveliest papers in the South. Mr.
Paine has always been a Democrat,
but he was persuaded to follow Roose
velt in the last campaign and his was
one of the few Bull Moose papers In
the South. He was so disgusted with
the failure of the Roosevelt campaign
that be has advertised to sell his paper
STRICT CURFEW LAW ENFORCEMENT
IRRITATES GOTHAM RESTAURATEURS
Poe Cottage in Pordham in Danger From Proposed Skyscraper New Series of Tests in Motor-Car Industry Are
Planned Orphanage Keports Show Extensive Charitable Activity.
BY I-IOYD F. LONBKGAN. . .
N'
EW YORK, Dec 7. (Special.)
The restaurant men on the Great
White Way are complaining bit
terly because the police insist upon en
forcing the curfew law. On Sunday at
midnight the sale of liquor stops and
strict enforcement has reduced tne
profits of the restaurant men neaviiy.
In each lobster palace when the witch
ing hour of midnight arrives announce
ment is made that the season of wet
goods is over, but that food and enter
tainment will still be served. However,
the patrons apparently recollect that
they must get up early in oruer to bo
to Sunday school and hastily vanish.
Police Commissioner Waldo insists
that he is going to enforce the law and
that the sooner restaurant men realize
it the better it will be for them.
Tn "PnA cnttae-A in Fordham. where
the poet lived from 1846 to 1849, and
where his wife died, is in danger of
being seriously damaged by the erec
tion of a tall building beside it, and
Borough President Miller of the Bronx
has asked for an appropriation of $5000
with which to buy the cottage and re
move it to Edgar Allen Poe Park.
The little story-and-a-nair Dunams
in which Poe lived out the most Heart
breaking experience of his life, now
stands on the east side of Kingsbridge
road at the road's Juncture with Val
entine avenue. It Is not quite where it
was when Poe lived there, as Dr. E. J.
Chauvet, the present owner, moved n
back a short distance when Kings-
hrlde road was widened, ine roan itT
self passes over the original site.
A seven-story apartment house Is
shortly to be erected adjoining the his
toric little house, and it is feared that
the cottage may be injured by the
debris incident to the work of building.
The new building will shut off the view
of the north side of the cottage. Dr.
Chauvet has 'offered to sell the cottage
tn the citv for $3000. The other $2000
is needed, President Miller says, to pay
for moving the cottage, providing
h.Hgiinn for it in the nark, and re
storing the cottage as near as possible
to its original condition.
Many of those who visited the Poe
cottage have believed that it was there
he wrote "The Raven," but the famous
poem was written while the poet was
living at Brennan's farm, which stood
. . . V. . m wt nm A m
in the open neias nwi wua.i
sterdam avenue ana jsignty-iounu
street. '
...
n.ol eatate ' experts say that about
one-third of the 141,186 lots in Man
hattan hold modern buildings. The
other two-thirds are antiquated struc
tures and are regarded as more of a
detriment than a help to the land they
cover, and the property about them.
Most of the modern buildings are to
be found in the new sections of the
city. It is In tne oiaer sections mm.
the "antiques are to be found in larger
numbers. ,
Down south of Fulton street in tne
financial district, in Broadway, waii
street, William street and along the
water-front, a territory that is more
valuable in many ways than in any
other areas of similar size In the
world, will be found some of the old
est buildings in Manhattan. More will
be found in Greenwich Village, a sec
tion that has recently awakened from
a lethargy that has lasted for more
than half a century. . Old - timers
will be found in the costly the
atrical district in upper Broadway,
where every inch of space is valued;
through Fifth avenue, which will pres
ently be the leading shopping street of
the world; in through the East Side
sections and the West Side sections; in
at auction to the highest bidder with
in two months.
Adolph Lewisohn has given $100,000
to the Hebrew Sheltering Guardian So
ciety. Mr. Lewisohn is the president
of this society. It maintains a boys'
and girls republic, which President
Taft visited a few days ago as a guest
of Mr. Lewisohn. The society now has
500 children under its care, but it
needs more cottages and money for
hospital and other buildings. Alto
gether $300,000 is needed and Mr. Lew
Isohn has promised to contribute one
third of this amount. .
.
Herbert P. Bissell, of Buffalo, who
has been for some time a member of
the Up-State Public Service Commis
sion, has been named by Governor Dix
a Justice of the Supreme Court of New
York. Mr. Bissell has been long a
Harlem, on Washington Heights and
through the Bronx, Brooklyn and
Oueens will be found buildings of com
paratively little value standing shoul
der to shoulder with modern buildings
and on valuable land.
An organization has been formed of
men interested in the motor-car indus
try for the purpose of promoting and
conducting competitive contests De
tween cars. It is planned to re-estab
lish a splendid sport that for a year
or so has suffered because the right
kind of people and the proper motives
have not been behind it. Hill climbing,
endurance tests, fuel economy runs,
non-stop events, long-distance con
tests, racing and other competitions
calculated to demonstrate the weak
and strong points in the motor vehicle
are planned by the promoters of this
new organization. Its membership wm
be composed of "boosters" in the real
sense of the word, and everything will
be done with the main object of help
ing the industry by stimulating pub
lic Interest through these proposed
contests.
At the annual meeting of the Chil
dren's Aid Society, Charles L. Brace,
the secretary, reported that 605 or
phans or deserted children had been
rescued and placed out in homes dur
ing the year. The total since the so
ciety was established in 1853 is 28,961.
Of these, two have become Governors,
two Representatives in Congress, and
one a Supreme Court Justice. The cost
was $50 a child.
A new industrial school in Harlem's
Little Italy was reported to be one of
the most urgent needs of the soci
ety. Already $14,330 has been raised
for this among former pupils of the
society's Italian school.
In the year Just passed the society
received a total of $118,747 In gifts and
bequests. Its current expenses amount
ed to $521,024 and current receipts
were $418,369.
-
The Supreme Court of the United
States is to settle once and for all next
January the question whether a man
who deserts his wife and children may
be extradited after a five years' resi
dence in another state to answer in a
New York County Court a charge of
desertion.
In 1897 Jacob J. Brenner, a barber.
left his wife and two Infant children
Success depends largely upon
Good Health
In your race for success don't loose sight of the fact that only
through good health can you attain success.
The tension you must necessarily place upon your nerves, and the
sacrifice of proper exercise you have to make at times must be
balanced in some way.
Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discovery
is thm balancing power a vitalising power. It acts on
the Btomacb and organs of digestion and nutrition, thus
purifying the blood and giving strength to the nerves,
indirectly aiding the liver to perform its very important
work. Dr. Pierce' Golden Medical Diicovery has been
successful for a generation as a tonic and body builder.
Sold by medicine dealers in liquid or tablet form
trial box of "Tablets" mailed on receipt of 50 one
cent stampB.
If in failing health write Dr. R. V. Pierce's
faculty at Invalids' Hotel Buffalo, New York.
Je7ztz?or G&p.T'.OZzye-r'.
member of the State Hospital Commis
sion. United States Senator George T. Ol
iver, of Pennsylvania, recently was a
patient at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore,
undergoing treatment for kidney trou
ble, having been operated on.
Joseph Pennell, who has Just pub
lished a wonderful series of art studies
of the Panama Canal, is a native Amer
ican, though be has made his home in
London for many years. With his
wife, Elizabeth Robblns Pennell, he has
written and illustrated a number of
books and he is best known to the
American public as an Illustrator. Yet
he has been honored in every country
of the world for his painting and his
work hangs in all the great galleries,
public and private, in Europe. He and
his wife were chosen to prepare the
authorized life of Whistler.
and went to San Francisco, Poverty
overtook the wife, Mrs. Sadie Brenner,
and her children. Brenner rose from
Journeyman to proprietorship.
Mrs. Brenner's case was taken up by
the National DeBertion Bureau of the
United Jewish Charities, at No. 866
Second avenue. She was established in
a little room at No. 318 Second street,
where she does hairdresslng.
The Desertion Bureau located the
husband in San Francisco. He was in
dicted here, but fought extradition. He
appealed to Governor Johnson, to the
United States Circuit Court and finally
to the United States Supreme Court.
FRANCE DEEPENS RIVERS
Banks and Private Corporations Will
Help Pay Expense.
PARIS, Dec. 7. (Special.) An extra
Parliamentary Commission has come
into existence charged with the duty
of studying ways and means for the
development of the internal water
ways and the ports of France. In 80
years more than $150,000,000 has been
spent by this country on its harbors,
and an even larger amount on river
works and canals. Apart from the fi
nancial side, the project represented by
this commission is extremely interest
ing. A congress wil shortly be opened,
in which the plans of the Ministry of
Public Works, which is really the soul
of the enterprise, will be discussed. It
is proposed to undertake large im
provements at ports such as Havre,
Marseilles and Bordeaux. At the last
named place a sum of $27,600,000 has
been allocated.
Instead of taxation, local and Na
tional, to meet this expenditure, the
Minister M. Jean Depuy, proposes to
enlist the support of private com
panies and banking corporations. Thus
capitalist and industrial enterprise will
be stimulated by government lor the
benefit of the community. M. Depuy
Is one of the most able men in the
present ministry, and has that concep
tion and grasp of detail necessary for
the accomplishment of large projects.
He is considered by some as a likely
candidate for the presidency.
The energy displayed by the Public
Works Department in the improvement
of harbors, etc., is particularly inter
esting. It Is a sign that the progress
of the mercantile marine is to go hand
In hand with that of the battlefleets.
DR. PIERCE'S GREAT
FAMILY DOCTOR BOOK,
Th People's Common
Sum M odical Advisor
nwir revised up-to-date
edition of 100ft
pages, answers kotte
of delicate question
which
incte or married ,ou ght
to biow. Seat FREE
in cloth binding to mny
addreaa on receipt of
31 one-cent stamps, to
cover cost of wrapping
and mailing onlv.
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