The
New
DOES the rently-brefl criminal exist
today In real life?
Ia crime almost entirely a. ques
tion of heredity and environment and
directly due to prenatal Influence upon
the Individual?
Or are the Arsene Lupins and Raffles
of the twentieth century the successors
of the Jack Sheppards. the Dick Tur
plns and Robin Hoods of ages gone.
simply the figments of Imagination
never existing except in novels and bor
der ballads?
These are questions that are per
plexing the expert criminologists of
today.
To the first of them. M. Bertillon, the
great anthropometrist of Paris, at
whose feet practically every student
of criminal Identification of today has
sat. says. "No." He holds unqualifiedly
that there are "no gentlemen In crime.
He declares that the cutthroat and
crook of today and in past periods of
time has always been an Individual of
low birth and breeding or with directly
Inherited criminal tendencies. And he
admits of no exceptions to this rule.
In contrast to this opinion Is the
statement of Joseph a. Faurot, head of
the fingerprint bureau of the New York
police department, and foremost pupil
of the great Frenchman in the science
of criminal identification.
He takes issue with his former
teacher, basing his opinion on his 16
years' experience with the most dan
gerous crooks in the "world, and as
serts that while the man of good fam
ily and gentle breeding rarely becomes
a dangerous and expert criminal, he
does so often enough to make the
sweeping declaration of "le maitre," as
M. Bertillon is known to his students,
one that is too general to be scientific
ally accurate.
The Maa Who Xever Forget.
Faurot Inspector Faurot. to give
him his full title In the New York po
lice department is a chubby little man,
dapper as to clothes and with a boy
like expression of eye that Is mislead
ing, to say the leant. For once you
have passed under his gaze you will
never be forgotten. And your finger
prints are as recognizable to Faurot as
your features It may be more so. His
admirers go so far as to say that he
has out-Bertllloned Bertillon, his one
time master.
But, however this may be. It is cer
tain thct Faurot retains a lively ad
miration and regard for his old teacher.
So it was that he hesitated to express
himself freely at first concerning the
cabled reports of M. Bertlllon's Icono
clastic ; utterance, even though it tore
. down a figure so dear to the realist
and romanticist as the gentleman in
crime. '
"Of course," he said, in response to
an Inquiry and It was evident that he
wished to qualify his first remark
"generally speaking, Bertillon is right.
The average crook, burglar, swindler,
criminal of any classification, is a per
son of low birth and breeding, coarse
tastes and instincts and vulgar man
ners. No one can deny that. But, as I
understand it from the cabled dis
patches. Bertillon does not admit that
there are exceptions.
"That Is what surprises me. Can it be
that the great master, growing old, has
allowed his eyes to become blinded en
tirely to the sentimental side of the
crime world; that his continual deal
ings with evildoers of the lower orders
have lost for him ell his illusions?
"If that is true. It is sad. Even a de
tective must cherish some illusions in
his work, and I am thankful I still have
some of those I started with.''
Faurot stretched a hand over to a
wire basket on his desk and began sort
ing half a dozen big blue envelopes
marked with strange numerical com
hinattnna and cabalistic characters.
These were some of his evidence, his
records, the weapons with which he
was prepared 'to rescue the romantic
STUDY
ONE day about seventy years ago
& little F'rl and her small brother
were playing at soldiers. The
game was to see which of the two
could first knock down the other's toy
warriors, pea-shooters doing duty for
cannon.
The little girl made excellent prac
tice, but the boy's soldiers would not
tall, though hers did as soon as they
were hit, and consequently the boy won
the battle. When the defeated "gen
eral" made Inquiries as to the meaning
of this strange phenomenon she found
that her brother, with a foresight odd
in one so young, had glued his soldiers
to the floor.
That strategical child grew up to be
come the Right Hon. Joseph Chamber
lain, three times Mayor of Birmingham,
England; president In turn of the lo
cal Government Board and the Board
of Trade, Colonial Secretary and maker
of history.
Joseph Chamberlain was born In
1836 at 188 The Grove, CamberweU,
London, S. E., his father being a boot
and shoe manufacturer in the city of
London, and a Unitarian. In 1S30, when
he was fourteen years old, he was sent
to University 'College School, London,
where he remained for two years.
When he was eighteen he entered busi
ness with his father; but at the age of
twenty he went to Birmingham to
make his fortune out of the Chamber
lain patent screw.
Until then screws had no points, and
therefore a hole had laboriously to be
bored before the screw could be driven
' home. Joseph Chamberlain patented a
screw with a sharp point and grew
rich out of the Idea.
In 1S67 he retired, having disposed
of his very valuable business interests
In order to leave himself free to press
forward the public questions dear to
his heart. At first all his Interests
centered In Birmingham Municipal af
fair. The schools were bad, the sani
tation' was unregulated, and there was
no water system worth mentioning.
Ashpits and cesspools were every
where and they drained into the wells
from which people drank. There were
large alum areas inhabited by roughs
of the worst kind. The Town Council
York Criminal Expert D
Faurot Classes All Criminals in the Following
Divisions:
The Born Criminal.
The Criminal by Contracted Habit
The Criminal Madman.
The Occasional Criminal, and The
Criminal of Passion.
You Are Likely, He Says,. to Find
"Gentlemen" Under Any One of
These Heads.
creation of the well-bred crook from M.
Bertlllon's discard.
Dandles Wko Are Robber.
"Are you prepared to smash all the
dear traditions of your boyhood." he
went on, "and in the cold light of Ber
tlllon's logic admit that' Robin Hood.
Earl of Huntingdon, was a roughneck
that Jack Sheppard was nothing more
than an 18th century Monk Eastman?
"Do you refuse to believe that Rich
ard Turpln held up the Dover mail with
all the exaggerated gallantry of his
day do you discard your mind-picture
of him as a powdered and perfumed
dandy of the road who kissed a lady's
hand and whispered a compliment as he
clipped her purse do you hold he was
no better than Harvey Logan and the
Hole-ln-the-Wall gang of train robbers
out In Wyoming? Well, that Is what
you must do If you accept Bertlllon's
theory.
"Human nature, I figure, has re
mained the same through the ages, and
I do not see why there are no Robin
Hoods, no Duvals and Turpins today.
Their rountertvDes. I think, may be
found In the -gentleman burglars." the
silk-hatted cracksmen, the smootn
swindlers in bogus mining stocks who
put over their schemes In some of the
best of New yorK s noieis; ine sea ier
oents.' the crooks who practically live
on ocean liners and take advantage of
the let-down of the bars of social In
tercourse on board ship to extract easy
money from travelers.
"These men are obliged to have ad
dress and polish in order to gain the
confidence of their victims; they do
have it, I know, and it is idle to Jump
at the conclusion that it is all assumed
and faked. I know many of them are
well born; that they came by their good
manners naturally, and I know many
Instances where a crook's culture and
his good taste were as genuine as that
of any Fifth avenue clubman.
"Here's a case that may illustrate
what I mean," and Faurot extracted a
photograph and some typewritten slips
from one of the blue envelopes.
The photograph was that of a man
of middle age, an ugly face, but with
aquiline features, a high brow, fine
large eyes and a carefully trimmed
Vandyck beard, such a man as you
might see any day on Fifth avenue, In
one of the more exclusive luncheon
clubs, or in the club car of the 'banks
ers' special' that brings the more af
fluent class' of commuters into New
York each mornlnr.
' Robbery oa Big Scale.
"That man," said the Inspector, "la
George Robinson, alias Harry Brooks,
alias "Gentleman George.' He looks like
a scholar, doesn't he? Well, he was.
'"When he was arrested and brought
down here and searched, we found in
his pocket, along with some burglar's
tools of delicate maae, a yenuw, um
edition of the letters of Madame de
Sevlgne in the original j-'rencn ana
he asked permission to keep tne dook.
"Yet that man had robbed 39 houses
In the Fifth-avenue and Fifty-seventh-
street district in a little more than one
year, and he got away with about ziou.-
OF THE MAN
Right Honorable Joseph Chamberlain's
seed to think there was nothing to be
done.
Chamberlain took off his coat and
went into Birmingham politics deter
mined to alter all this, and he per
suaded friends of his, men who
thought as he did, to go In with him.
Ho founded an efficient water system;
he municipalized gas, which now sub
stantially helps the Birmingham rev
enues, he saw to It that a proper sew
age system was adopted, and he
cleared away slums. All this not with
out opposition.
"To the Mad Mayor of Birmingham,
backed up by a lot of addle-headed
Councillors, who send spies as sani
tary Inspectors Into a man's house,"
was the address on the cover of one
letter sent to him. It was through
him that Birmingham got Its art gal
lery, its Council-House, its new parks
and a school system second to none In
the world. His was the driving force.
Before the Improvements bill, under
which the clearing of slums to make
way for Corporation street was made
possible, became an act there was a
danger that the land would fall into
the hands of speculators, who would
profit by the reform. Chamberlain
wanted Birmingham to .profit. Till the
passing of the bill no corporate funds
were available. He subscribed 10,000,
got other men to subscribe, and bought
the land for the town before the town
had the right to buy. ..
"He Is not only Mayor," said an en
emy; "he is the Town Council, too.''
It was true.
"I believe In a leader who leads, but
not with contempt on every line of his
intelligent countenance," he once said.
No wonder Birmingham Idolizes him.
Speaking there In 1906 It was his last
great speech he said:
"During all this time" (30 years)
"Birmingham has been behind me. Bir
mingham has cheered me when I
might otherwise have been discour
aged. Birmingham has strengthened
my hands and given me the assurance
of ultimate victory."
It was in 1875 that he first entered
Parliament as member for Birming
ham, after having been beaten in Shef
field, the previous year. He was now
some 40 years old and a Radical.
When, four years later, Gladstone In
000 worth of loot. He oonfessed to 125.-
000 worth.
."And his was one of the few cases
where we could never learn what he
did with the stuff that Is, most of it;
some of the silver and gold he melted
down In a crucible and sold to the
Government assay office In Wall street.
"Oh, he was a good burglar," and
Faurot regarded the photograph with
an expression of regretful admiration.
"He scorned to operate east of Madi
son avenue, and often his work took
him within a block of J. Plerpont Mor.
gan's house. .
"Yes, he wore evening dress when he
went out on a Job, but It was no affec
tation; It was simply because In the
locality where he worked he was apt to
attract less attention clothed that way
than if he had worn an everyday suit.
And for the same reason he lived well,
although it was to be able to buy the
luxuries of life that he became a. thief;
he stayed in fashionable hotels and
boarding-houses, and he kept tils wife
at Lakewood and Long Branch and oth
er stylish resorts most of the time.
"She, by the way, did not know until
his arrest that he was a burglar. He
never associated with thieves and we
never found his 'fence.'
Thieves Xot Philanthropists. '
"Robinson's plan was a clever one.
He would engage for a. week or so a
room on the top of some boarding
house or hotel In the block where he
had planned to- work, and he always
went out over the roofs, often using a
silken rope ladder. He never worked
from the street, so ft was almost im
possible to catch him by surrounding
a house or a block. When he had -covered
a locality this .way he would
change his quarters.
"There is one point on which I agree
with M. Bertillon. This idea of crooks
taking from the rich and giving to the
poor is all nonsense. Your up-to-date
thief of any class is no philanthropist.
"Raffles may have a streak of good
henrtedness in him, he may even be
generous to a small extent, but he won't
go any further than occasionally fling
ing a dime to a blind beggar. No. sir;
most of them would take candy from a
baby, no matter how 'gentlemanly' they
may be.
"A smooth swindler, and a cold
blooded one, if ever there was one, in
the 'gentleman' class, who would never
have attempted anything so rough as
burglary, was Philadelphia Jimmy
Hart. He was a good looking elderly
person, who made a specialty of cheat
ing women.
"His favorite stunt was the bogus
employment agency, and he had a va
riety of tricks for getting the money.
He would answer advertisements. In
many cases he would say he had a
most desirable position, one of great
trust, but that the prospective employ
ers needed a cash bond, insuring the
integrity of the employe.
"The young woman, anxious .that
such a good place should not escape
her, would move heaven and earth, as
a rule, to raise the money, or a part
of It. She would turn It over to Hart
Genius First Showed Itself in
vited him to Join the Cabinet, Birming
ham felt that Gladstone was lucky.
But Chamberlain left Gladstone over
the home rule question and sent the
Liberal party Into the wilderness for
two generations.
In 1886 the Whigs were frightened
by his Radicalism and were convlnoed
that he meant to make himself the
Socialist dictator of England.
By the Spring of the year he had
ELECTING A
(Continued From Page 6.)
has often caused dissatisfaction. Theo
retically (as Blackstone says of. Par
liament), it can do everything but
change a man Into a woman.
What Precedent Has Shows.
How shall., a French President try
to veto such a crowd?
The first was Thiers,- made President
in 1871. In 1870, on the eve or war,
he made a great speech warning France
not to undertake a struggle with Ger
many; and after the capitulation he
was elected chief of the executive
power of the new French Republic. As
such. In l.ie absence of a constitution,
he became the true dictator of France,
concluding the treaty of Frankfort,
putting down the Commune and recon
structing the forces of his country.
His government was very personal.
It was one-man government. He had
been elected In 1871; and in 1873. two
months after the National Assembly
had offered him a solemn vote of
thanks for "meriting well of the fath
erland," its conservative majority gave
him a vote of blame. He resigned.
MacMahon was elected and the pres
ent constitutional laws were adopted.
Fresh from the personal government
of Thiers, the makers of the constitu
tion went in strongly for an "imper
sonal executive" borrowed from Eng
land. The President should have the
right to choose his -cabinet, but not to
direct Its members once they were ac
cepted by Congress, and these must at
all times be responsible to the Sen
ators and Representatives, whose hos
tile vote must be the signal for their
resignation. Then the President must
choose another cabinet and so on.
MacMahon remained In office six
years and resigned on account of
struggles with his successive ministers.
and then it was an easy matter for
him to disappear.
"Frequently he would rent an office
to put over one Job of this kind, and
his hauls from these poor girls have
ranged from $50 to more than $1000.
Winning Confidence of Women.
"Another scheme was to tell a girl
ha had a position for her in a distant
city, and arrange to meet her' at the
railway station. Then he would ask
her for the money for her ticket, offer
ing to buy it for her, and coolly dis
appear with the cash, leaving the girl
stranded.
"Even as a prisoner, doing time In a
Long Island Jail, Philadelphia Jimmy
did not lose his power to win the
confidence of women. He recognized
the power of advertisement, and he
let it be known that he had invented a
wonderful airship.
"All that was needed was the capi
tal great profits were sure to accrue.
Somehow a wealthy widow heard of
the invention and went to see Hart in
Jail.
"She was profoundly Impressed
more, perhaps, with Philadelphia
Jimmy's suavity and grand manner
than with the airship, and she left the
Jail convinced that he was an inno
cent and maligned man. She immedi
ately took steps to procure his release,
and Interested certain Influences that
brought him his freedom.
"Then, under an assumed name, Hart,
as the head of a company for which
the widow and a friend, a doctor of
good standing in Richmond Hill, fur
nished the capital, started a factory
for the manufacture of the airship.
Everything went well until one day
when the widow and the doctor called,
and they were told that the Inventor
had 'gone West for aluminum."
"Evidently he' is still on the hunt
for that precious metal, because his
partners have never heard of him or
the several thousand dollars of their
money he took with hira.
' "Hart was a notable example of the
well-educated, gently born and bred
man with a crooked kink In his make
up that irresistibly Impelled him to
crime. He could easily have made a
good living honestly, but he told me
it was too slow he needed the money
to come In rapidly."
At this point the inspector took out
the photograph of a boy of not more
than 19, a well-dressed, athletic young
ster, with all ,the outer marks of a
college man.
"I cut thieves down to these classes,"
he said. "The born criminal, the crimi
nal by contracted habit, the criminal
madman, the occasional criminal and
the criminal of passion. You are likely
to find 'gentlemen' under any one of
these heads.
Effect of Heredity.
"Take the born criminal, for In
stance. Here Is the picture of a boy,
well born, well brought up, who was
given and who took advantage of a
college course; the son of a well
known doctor, with a. home In a fash
ionable quarter, and every Influence
calculated to make him a useful citi
zen and an ornament to society.
"Well, I found that boy had dis
played certain criminal Instincts from
his childhood. No, he was not an un
usually bad boy, but It was Just certain
peculiar naughtinesses, certain queer
kinks In his childish makeup, that
showed his mental and moral bent, and
that, to me although, of course, his
parents wouldn't admit that anything
but evil associates was to be blamed
accounted for his later criminal
actions.
"Now, that," and the Inspector spoke
emphatically, "is heredity! He is the
criminal born of fine, honest parents.
Don't let any one tell you the theory
of heredity Is a myth.
"Become a detective, and you'll pret
ty soon find out why it isn't. And pre
natal Influence, too that's another fac
tor In the making of crooks, but it's too
long and complicated a subject to go
Into now. But both that and heredlty
may furnish the explanation of that
boy's going wrong. I am certain, from
some bits of family history I learned,
that inherited tendencies played a lead
ing part in his case.
"This young man, whose father never
stinted him in money matters, fell in
with several women of a particularly
vicious criminal type soon after he left
college, and was implicated in numer
ous blackmail plots, notably the per-
WHO GOT- BIG
Mimic Warfare With Toy
taken the first step toward his later
imperialism. Fifty-five Liberal M. P.'s
were pledged to 'support him. He had
left office, relinquished his hopes of
promotion under Gladstone, because he
could not accept Home Rule and had
founded the Liberal Unionist party,
which only, became merged in' the
Conservative party this year, 1912.
Speaking long afterwards about the
PRESIDENT QUIETLY IS FRENCH CUSTOM
Grevy was elected and did actually
serve a term of seven years. Elected
for another term, his cabinet told him
to resign. He did it.
Then came Carnot he was assassin
ated. The next French President was Casi-mir-Perier,
whose six-horse tournoutl
remember, and in whose family's bank
I keep a small balance. He resigned
after six months because his cabinet
held meetings without Inviting him.
Felix Faure died suddenly and mys
teriously. Loubet, who always agreed with his
Cabinet, came, in time, to have real in
fluence with it, realizing the forma
tive words of Grevy when he explained
to the Pope that he could do nothing:
"The French President ought to ab
stain from all personal aots In gov
ernment measures. He can only offer
his advice to his Cabinet. He can ap
pear before the houses only by his
Cabinet which, like the houses them
selves, must be obedient to their ma
jorities." Chary of Personal Power.
Fallleres followed Loubet's example.
"The French people were habituated
to personal power." said Freyci.iet on
his funeral eulogy of Grevy. "Grevy
taught them to appreciate Impersonal
power which did not mean Indiffer
ence on the President's part. He
sought to be the guide, counsellor and
light of his Cabinet He never im
posed his advice; but he never refused
it."
Personal power! Had not the great
Napoleon been crushed by coallzed
Europe, had not Napoleon III lost
Sedan, they would still be snug under
personal power. And you shall see, in
the end, how the great Napoleon's
thrice-cemented beaureacracy, modest
in the shadow, mends all!
The scarecrow of Bonaparte dlsas-
Defect
was.
petration of the 'badger game,
one of
the lowest forms of blackmail."
Gentlemen Burglars At Worlc
Inspector Faurot went into his batch
of envelopes again and picked out pho
tographs of two young men, both in
top hats and the "conventional black"
of evening dress.
"Here are two silk hat burglars," he
said; "regular Raffles. They always
worked together and they always wore
these togs. One night the wife of a
wealthy citizen of New Rochelle heard
a noise in her dining-room.
"Her husband had been compelled to
remain in New York, and she was alone
in the (house. She was so frightened
that she determined to remain quiet,
and let the thieves get away with the
"She waited for a while, and when
she heard the front door softly click she
peeped from her bedroom window. To
her surprise, she saw two men in high
hats and Inverness coats, and each car
rying a traveling bag, walking leis
urely away from the house. She im
mediately called the police station on
the telephone, and related her experi
ence. "Rather cleverly, she told the desk
lieutenant that she presumed the
thieves were bound for the railway
station, because they carried traveling
bags. The lieutenant took the hint and
sent several men to the station.
"Sure enough, there were the two
evening-togged men, calmly waiting for
a train for New York, and they looked
so like 'gentlemen' that the policemen
hesitated about approaching them. But
they made the 'collar' and the burglars,
Ralph Taylor and James Harland, are
In Sing Sing now.
"The softest spoken cracksman I ever
knew a real 'gentleman burglar,' be
cause I know his family and what his
early raising was was Adolph Bert
rhey, also known as William Travis.
His mother, a refined and cultivated
old lady, lives in a fashionable section
of New York right now, and never sus
pected until her boy was arrested that
he had been 10 years a thief.
"Bertchey was executed in Trenton
not many years ago for killing a po
liceman at Lakewood, and he became a
Chri'stian Scientist while in- the death
house, in order, he said, to rob the
electric chair of Its horrors. I only
know he died gamely and quietly.
"Although Bertchey was bo soft
spoken, he wai one of the most des
perate criminals I have ever known.
Once he had cracked a crib in a house
on the outskirts of New Haven and had
left and was walking along the road,
when he noticed the man of the house
following him, hot-foot.
"Instead of running, Bertchey slack
ened his pace, and when his pursuer
was almost up with him, quietly
slipped into the bushes at the side of
the road. As he expected. In a minute
or two the man reached him, and they
stood face to face.
"The man had no weapon, and Bert
chey displayed none, although . he al
ways traveled with a gun in each hip
pocket. For a second the two looked
each other over, and then Bertchey said
in his low, gentle voice I had the story
afterward from the man who was
robbed:
" 'My dear sir, don't you think you
have gone far enough? Don't you
think you'd better go back?'
Detective Tales Are Rivaled.
"The man looked into Bertchey's
eyes for a moment, and .he" evidently
saw there that which decided him
quickly. 'I guess I had," he said, and
turned and went back to his house. He
told me afterward he considered him
self lucky In having acted as he did.
"Bertchey also melted his silver and
gold In a crucible,' and sold it to the
Government assay office, and he, too,
was one of those whose loot has never
been recovered.
"I could tell you of many more who
deserve, places in the Debrett and
Burke of crime. There was Joseph
Goldman, a scholarly German with
schlager-scars on his cheek the sign
manual of the Heidelberg or Bonn stu
dent who operated a veritable crime
trust, who hired and fired his thieves,
who out-Fagined Fagln, and who drew
plans for a robbery as a football ex
pert outlines his team's plays.
"And there was Carl von Metz Meyer,
the young Norwegian lieutenant, who
broke Into half a score of houses In
Soldiers How He Made First a Fortune, Then a Name,
taunts leveled against him for chang
ing, he said:
"If you are alive you must change.
It is only the dead who remain the
same."
From 1876 to 1885 Mr. Chamberlain
represented Birmingham in Parliament.
From 1885 until now he has been the
Member for West Birmingham.
Birmingham supports him through
thick and thin. On June 1, 1886, he
ters and Royalist tyranny was used by
Grevy in a famous speech before the
adoption of the constitutional laws:
"The President's election by the peo
ple gives him excessive power. If he
be a victorious General, or a soion of
one of the families that once ruled
France; If commerce languishes. If the
people suffer, how do you know that
an ambitious President may not ar
rive at upsetting the Republic once
again?"
The reference, of .course, was to
Louis Napoleon, who, having got him
self elected President, calmly proceeded
to have a plebiscite elect' him Emperor.
This speech, which had great effect,
makes olear why the French people
are not allowed, today, to vote for
their President; and why, Instead, a
crowd of gentlemen In frock coats
whisper in coteries, for one'day only,
up and down the magnificent galleries
of Versailles Palace.
Carnot, coming Immediately after
Grevy, followed meekly in his foot
steps; but the rising fortunes of re
constructed France permitted him to
give the Presidency a more active ex
terior look. Felix Faure profited by
Carnot's tip, making triumphal tours
through France, and showing himself
at the annual reviews and maneuvers
of the army.
Felix Faure extended the trips to
foreign countries. His memorable vis
It to the Czar, following on his recep
tion of the Czar. in Paris, gave him the
look of a veritable sovereign. Loubet
and Fallleres continued these tours,
but more moderately. At historlo Fon
talnebleau, Faure received like Louis
XIV, and at Rambouillet gave hunting
parties like Francis I. He had a fine
Job, capable of being enlarged, and he
knew it. Most decorative of Presidents,
he "hit the French in the eye," as
they say. He was Just beginning to
test his popularity, going- strong; tor
li
:3&si& .39Sa jr
m I mm
ill Mm Mimr
The Gentleman
the wealthy section of Brooklyn a real
Raffles, if there ever was one.
"'Oh, yes, there are lots of these well
dressed, well-spoken and well-educated
crooks and thieves, and Doyle and Hor
nung have written few stories that can
not be rivaled and duplicated In the
THINGS DONE
stood In his place in Parliament and
doomed the Home Rule Bill. The Irish
Members howled at him with a fury
and vehemence which astonished every
body. Chamberlain stood Icily calm.
"This scene," said ho, "may be taken
as a fair sample of the order and
decency which would prevail in a Par
liament on St. Stephen's Green!"
This remark was a fair sample of
Nationalism, when suddenly h died.
Surely he would have worked up to
"personal", government, beginning with
the President's veto prerogative, had he
been spared.
Bossed by Cabinet.
But he was not.
His successors have gone slow.
AndV there is Just one reason why the
French President can, in dignity, with
out Jealousy or nervousness, earn the
1120,00,0 a year salary and the J120,
000 a year "expense" allowed him by
the state, to be a great and loose "con
ciliator." The famous French Parliament Itself
has Its hands tied.
The President smiles in his beard.
His Cabinet bosses him but it does
not boss its own departments. The
true masters of patronage and the daily
routine are the obscure chiefs of a
vast and permanent civil service.
Those old chief clerks are the Pres
ident's revenge on arrogant Cabinet
members who pursue policies behind
his back.
If the French President can't have s
policy, he knows his Cabinet don't dare
have much of one either It can't do
much to oppose itself to the great
silent-running government machine
that is behind all things in France
bureaucracy.
Bureaucracy makes ' railway rates
equal and Judicious.
Bureaucracy makes corporations give
up to the public good.
Bureaucracy collects the public toll
from privileges and monopolies.
Bureaucracy is ready to ask of the
Bank of France If there Is gold enough.
Bureaucracy runs railways, fosters
art and music, maintains theaters and
ballets, beautifies the Paris street
maintains museums in provincial towns,
prevents graft, keeps police In hand
in a word, runs France,
:- v j
Crimitj&l 1912 Model.
cold facts of police reoords.
the silk-stockinged thieves
They ar
of stage
and story, and while, as I said before,
they are to be ranked distinctly as ex
ceptions, they are, none the less, reali
ties and very tricky and difficult one
for us to deal with."
for Himself.
his skill In debate, Incisive, cutting and
apt.
Nine years after leaving Gladstone
he was Colonial Secretary in a Unionist
Government, and he changes the con
ception of what a Colonial Secretary
should be, for he treated the colonies
as if they mattered, as if they were
important. Until then they had been
rather despised, and the words "Down
ing Street" were hated In every colo
ny because of the Idea of inefficiency
they conveyed.
He took a firm stand against the en
croachment of foreign countries, and
his policy led to the Boer war. Whether
the war was or was not a political
crime is too vexed a question to deal
with. It added the Boor Republics to
the British Empire, and today ths
Boers ara loyal.
"I have been threatened many times,
but I have not been made afraid," was
one of his sayings. The Gorman Minis
ter, Von Uulow, found it true when ha
rebuked the Colonial Secretary for
what he had said in a speoch. Cham
berlain's answer was: "What I have
said I have said. I withdraw nothing,
I qualify nothing, I defend nothing. As
I read history no British Minister has
ever served his country faithfully and
at the same time enjoyed popularity
abroad."
Ho was not popular in Russia, eithor.
" en siieHklnit of the Tsar he said:
"He who sups with the Devil needs a
loi.K cpoon. Tnbru was a dlplomatlo
crisis, but Chamberlain had nothing'
to retract."
Among the uncomplimentary names
given him at ono time or another are
"Artful Dodger," "Political Hamstring
er," "Imperial Bagman," "Arch Dlddler"
and "Red-Herring Joe." "The First
class Fighting-man of Politics" and
"Judas" are epithets applied to him,
showing the vast range of feeling he
has aroused, from adoration to venom.
The African chiefs who met him dur
ing his visit to South Africa In 1903
named him "Moatlhodl," which means
"The Man Who Gots. Things Done."
He has been married three times. His
first wife was Miss Harriet Kenrlck,
who died in 1863, two years after her
marriage, Mr. Austen Chamberlain
being her son; his second wife 1868
to 1875 was Miss Florence Kenrlck,
her cousin, to whom were born Mr.
Neville Chamberlain and his four sis
ters; and his third wife, Btlll living,
was Miss Mary Endlcott, the only
daughter of Judge Endlcott, of the
Massachusetts Supreme Court,
)