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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (July 28, 1912)
THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTjLAND, JULY 23, 1912. PORTLAND. OREGOX. Entered at Portland. Oregon, Poatoffles i Eeeocd-Claas Matter. Gubacrlbtloa Hates Invariably to Advance. tBT If AIL.) Dally. Sunday Included, on year J-JJ Dally. Sunday Included. li months J - Dally. Sunday Included, three montna... z.;j Dally. Sunday Included, on montB -1? Dally, without Sunday, one year. . Dally, without Sunday, six months..... Dally, without Sunday, three months... -j Dally, without Sunday, one month -T? Weekly, one year i 80 - Sunday, one year - Sunday and Weekly, one year. (BI CARRIERS Dally. Sunday Included, one year....... J Dally. Sunday Included, one montn... - Ho (a Kemlt-Send Po"o"lce er. express order or personal cheek ; on your local bank. Stamps, coin or 'vr, at the .ruder-, risk. Give postofflce addreJ. In full, Including county and state. , Postage Bates 10 to li f M. J V Dts o 19 page.. I cents; SO to io pages. J"""' 40 to l pages, e centa. Jfor.a postage. 'Jraarfr-P. Office V.rr. , Conk; 2tn Nw Tork. Bnnwck building c go, merer butldlnjx. rn. San Frmnrfco OUlc R, X Bid" C. 74- Market street. a ,,. a. Europfn Utile-No. 8 Rt W Loudon. - WHERE AKE WK AIX AT? The Oregonian is not blind to the faults of President Taft's Admlnistra otnorl it hesitated to criticise him and his responsible officials for deeds of commission or omission that seemed to warrant adverse Judg ment. He is not a perfect ecuUve nor our greatest President He has made grave errors in the selection of his subordinates; and the steadfastness with which he has stood by men who deserved little or nothing from him or the country is more creditable to his heart than to his Arm sense or high duty. It has. however, on the whole, been an Administration of achievement, and it has not had credit for what it has done. The President has been the victim on the one hand of his own unsuspicious and confiding nature, and on the other hand of intrigues-of designing and selfish men who knew the way to reach the pub lic ear. There never from first to last was the slightest turn of luck for llr. Taft; everything appeared to hap pen to his embarrassment and disad vantage. The Oregonian has thought that on the whole President Taft was in fair ness entitled to renomination and re election. So much in reply to the letter of a correspondent today, who gives his name to The Oregonian. but desires that it be withheld from publi cation.' The letter appears to call for further comment. We have found no way to support President Taft that does not Involve discussion and criti cism of Colonel Roosevelt. If The Oregonian appears to our Roosevelt trlend now to be more anti-Roosevelt than pro-Taft. it can only be said that Colonel Roosevelt has contrib uted nearly all the controversial issues of the present campaign and enforced them upon the notice of all newspa pers and all citizens. The record of President Taft has been made up, and It was presented fully and continu ously by The Oregonian during the recent primary campaign, as all will testify. But for some time the issue has not been Taft. but Roosevelt, and the .person or Journal who does not recognize the situation must be singu larly short-sighted. We are frank to say that we have had very little hope of uniting the Republican party unless Colonel Roosevelt could.be eliminated or .could be persuaded to. form his own party.. He refuses to accept the one and .he Is having a lot of trouble in doing the other. The Oregonian has never failed to recognize the great work for social Justice, economic readjustment and moral uplift done by President Roose velt. But it has not on that account been able to accept the view of the Roosevelt cult that he is some sort of super-man who could never err, and must always be supported, and always be President. President Roosevelt recommended Mr. Taft for President, and the country took him. Then Ex Presldent Roosevelt repudiated Taft and part of the country, only,-agreed with him that he had made a mistake, and that the way to correct it was to restore to power the man who had originally led the entire Nation-into error. "One voter" thinks the way to carry Oregon for Taft, if it can be done at all, is to appeal to the public to sus tain the Republican party. All this In face of the obvious fact that the aver age voter in Oregon cares precious little about party, the faction which has supported Roosevelt least of all. What do the leaders of the so-called Bull Moose Movement care about the Republican party? What did they, or most of them, ever care? Tet the Republican party has given them much and they have given back noth ing for the mere sake of party. A call to them in the name of party loyalty would fall on stony ground. Party loyalty, for example, and party regu larity alone elected Mr. Bourne Sena tor in 1906. All know how he re quited It. What Is there to confess about the Ballinger blunder that has not a thou sand times been said? What is there to say about the tariff blunder that has not been hammered on the ear with relentless iteration time end again? What are the facts about the Chicago blunder that have not been told over and over? Ballinger was a political mistake, though Ballinger was a grievously wronged official. The tariff was a political mistake, though we bellevo any tariff in the circum stances would have failed to satisfy the 'public. The Chicago nomination is what It is, a de facto nomination procured largely through the aid of the steam roller. Just as the nomina tion of 190S was obtained by the steam roller. Does our complaining friend think the circumstances of Taft's nomination in 1912 were different from 1908 except In the fact that Roosevelt brought It about in the one instance and failed to defeat It In the other? We do not: indeed we know not. Why does he suppose Colonel Roosevelt procured all those fake con tests last Spring, some 200 in number? If he had controlled the National Committee, he would undoubtedly have used his own steam - roller to seat the whole 200. or enough of them to get the convention In his hands by a safe margin. That was the whole game. It failed because he did not have the National Committee. . That is all. The Oregonian would not conceal or suppress a single fact about the Chl ia rnnvpTilInn If It .r-milrl. Tr hns not; but it has thrown the light in dark places ana exposed tne workings of the machine both machines from first to last. The principal contro versy in Chicago, and later, has been over Texas and Washington. The tnri nhniir Tevfls in thnr It wajk n quarrel between two self-seeking groups or proiessionai politicians, eacn epually the product of the Republi can party's corrupt and Indefensible use of the Federal patrenage in me South. Colonel Cecil Lyon, broker pf 5000 political Jobs In Texas, who was loud for Roosevelt and who brought a delegation to Chicago for the Colo nel, is not a pretty figure, whether for Roosevelt or for Taft, and the con vention put him out without much scruple. The State of Washington controversy is more difficult to deter mine. The weight of testimony and favor is, however, with the Roosevelt faction, and The Oregonian has here tofore said so, more than once. But It has seen no reason to regard indi viduals who have a different view as thieves and robbers. Does our corres pondent think the 560 men in ; the Chicago convention who voted to seat the Taft delegation from Washington are parties to a criminal conspiracy? We do not. What they did was to take the side of their own faction in a political quarrel, the merits of whi:h seemed to them about equally divided. It has been done thousands of times, and will be done thousands of times again. It is wrong, undoubtedly, but that it is deliberate and conscious fraud is not true. Well, now, what is there to do? We cannot follow Roosevelt into new and strange fields of political thought and endeavor, and we will not. He has gone In his avowal of radical propos als far beyond anything he ever sug gested or considered while he was President, and while he was doing his most useful work. How many Roose velt men are there who will sit down calmly, and reason with themselves, and reach the conclusion that they are prepared to follow where Colonel Roosevelt now Intends to lead them? 'TRYING IT ON THE DOG." That deep admirer of good Old Doc tor tTRen and profound reasoner on economic subjects, the Oregon City Courier, has this to say this week: The men behind the proposed graduated Income single tax declare that it will great ly reduce the taxation burden of Oregon. So positive are they of this that they tell the people to try out the reform in one or more counties, and see If It does not do all they claim for it, and as a guarantee 'of their sincerity the same proposition' that would try the reform gives the voters the right by initiative, to repeal It at any regu lar or special election. True, indeed. Good Old Doctor TJRen, the nostrum vendor, says to the patient made sick by his own discre tions: "Here is a remedy that nobody has ever tried.. I believe it will cure you. If it make you worse come into my drugstore and I will give you an emetic." But as the patient swallows the poison. Good Old Doctor ITRen locks his drug store and goes fishing. It is true the single tax measure provides a form of repeal. But It is a form only. The percentage of voters necessary to demand a special election Is prohibitive. The patient must swal low the dose and take the con sequences. Obviously the special election repeal was never Intended to be operative. An existing section In the constitu tion, which provides for county option In tax matters, was twisted into a single tax measure so slyly that the Fels brigade thought the intent would not be discovered by a great number of voters. The "repeal" provision Is there to confuse the peo ple. If the single taxers are so posi tive that single tax, "will greatly re duce the tax burden In Oregon" why did they not present an honest, flat footed single tax measure? The Ore gonian has asked this question' twice before, but has failed to see a reply either In the Portland evening news paper or in the Oregon City publica tion whose columns are open to the purchased writings of the war chest propagandists. WANTED AN EDCCATIOX. Within the borders of the "Portland zone" there are hundreds, perhaps thousands, of young men who have graduated from the high schools and are hungering for a college course, but who from lack of means cannot see their way clear to obtain It. If there is any young man, or young woman either, who really desires to pass through college, there is no ob stacle In the way, provided there are no hindrances of dependent relatives. Any young person who has no one else to provide for has the means at his or her disposal to get ready to enter college, this Fall, and having once entered, he can find a way to pass through the four years' course. We do not pretend that this can be done without a hard struggle, for It will take persistent Industry, dully labor, frugality and economy. Many of the so-called pleasures of the young will for a time have to be frowned upon. Fine . raiment must not be thought of, and lorjg hours of work and study must be the rule almost every day. Holidays will be few and far between. In the harvest fields of the North west many of our coming well-educated men will be found at work this Summer laying up a store of health and money for their coming educa tion. Every year hundreds of young men come from Eugene, Corvallls and from other colleges and take a man's part In garnering the golden grain or putting up the succulent grasses on our Eastern Oregon fields. These la borers get good wages and when school opens this Fall each one who has been economical will have from $200 to $400, according to his indus try, which will pay the way for the coming college year. Hundreds and thousands of others can take advan tage of the want of workers and do as well. The cry for harvest elands Is insistent, the. pay is adequate and the pay days are certain. Good treatment Is accorded all such workmen, the living Is good and wholesome, the food abundant, A roll of blankets will furnish the best of beds In the open air; and when the season's toil ends the laborer will return browned and tanned and in perfect condition for the college grind. In the cook houses of the same fields there will be many young wom en at work with the same end in view. They will be none the less "ladles" for serving in such "capacity for such high-born purpose. The very dignity of labor will cling to them as a robe of fine raiment, for no young woman with an aim for a higher education will be turned aside from her course by any of the follies that snare her weaker sisters. In every walk of life. In city and town and village and hamlet. In the fields and the forests, in the gardens and hop yards, on the fruit farms and In the dairies, there is now or soon will be an insistent cry, "Come over and help us. The harvest Is ripe and the laborers are few." And in all cases the pay Is liberal. And the future of our country lies largely In the hands of the young peo ple who win their own education. The reason for this is simple.. The young man or woman who has the stamina to obtain an education under adverse conditions has the brains to "make good" In the greater struggles of life to be encountered in after years. Such trtA nhoiopst asset our Na tion has, ever has had or ever will have. The Nation can with safety De left in their keeping. MARSHALL A REACTIONARY. A chill must have struck the enthu siasm of progressive Democrats over the nomination of Wilson when they read Governor Marshall'a frank con fession that he does not know whether he is a progressive or not. Those who make most noise about progressiveness regard the true definition as the rule of the people directly; without the In tervention of conventions or Legisla tures, the nomination of candidates at direct primaries and the making and amending of laws and constitutions by popular vote. If that be the true defi nition of progressive, then is Marshall sadly reactionary. Judged by his own record as Governor. Marshall became impatient to se cure certain amendments to the Indi ana constitution and was unwilling to await the working of the slow process provided by the constitution itself for that purpose. According to this pro cess, the Legislature may draw and approve an amendment, but it must be approved by the succeeding Legis lature also before being submitted to the people. The same process is re quired to call a constitutional conven tion. Marshall and his Democratic Legislature tried to make a short cut by presuming to act as a constitutional convention, drew and approved twenty-three amendments, a larger, num ber than the constitution allows to be voted on at one time, and attempted to submit them to the people this Fall. The Supreme Court held that the Legislature had exceeded its au thority and could only proceed in the way provided by the constitution itself. The twenty-three amendments a most significant number in the eyes of the superstitious were not pro gressive enough to suit the Hoosler radicals and they are rejoicing at the decision. Doubt has also been cast on the Governor's progresslvlsm by the fact that, after Taggart had resigned as National committeeman, Marshall in-' sisted upon and procured his reten tion. Taggart can hardly, by the wild est . stretch of the imagination, be called a progressive. He was the sub ject of a few disparaging remarks from Bryan when he was chairman of the National committee In 1904, and again in 190S. There was some sur prise that Bryan did .riot couple Tag gart with Murphy when he refused to vote for a candidate supported by tainted votes at Baltimore. Perhaps the explanation is that the denuncia tion of Murphy served Bryan's pur pose and that the votes of Indiana, which Taggart controlled, were need ed to start the stampede to Wilson at the psychological moment. Marshall's colorless definition of progressive, his attempt to use the Legislature as a constitutional conven tion and his sponsorship for Taggart combine to brand him as a reaction ary and to make him a dead weight on the ticket. MR. I'lNKERTON AS A CRIMINOLOGIST. The ripe reflections of a man of af fairs on matters with which his career has made him familiar are likely to be instructive. It is . interesting, there fore, to learn of the views which Wil liam A. Pinkerton expressed on the subject of crime and criminals at the recent meeting of Chiefs of Police in Toronto. He spoke mainly about "brainy criminals of the kid glove and silk-hat order." In his opinion, which must be taken as that of an expert, this class of foes to the social order Is not nearly so numerous as It was years ago. In the middle of the last century men of this stamp committed a great many burglaries and robber ies which were planned and executed with skill so consummate that It was difficult to detect the perpetrators. Often they escaped with their booty, and, leaving off their criminal habits, led respectable lives to the end of their days. Their successors in crime, Mr. Pinkerton tells us, are apt to belong to the class of "hobo degenerates," who are unskilled in laying their plans and brutal in carrying them out. The old style gentleman burglar would not commit murder in order to facilitate his work, but the hobo "yeggman" does not scruple to slay as well as rob. Hence in some particulars he is the more dangerous character of the two; not more dangerous to property, prob ably, but certainly so to life. It is possible, however, that Mr. Pinkerton is mistaken In believing that the scholarly and refined criminal has vanished from the world. The chances are that his methods have changed so that he no longer comes within the scope of the efforts of a detective agency, while his operations go on much as formerly under other condi tions. The man of the kid gloves and silk hat no longer enters a bank from the outside and plunders it by break ing into the safe. With more delicate craft he gets himself chosen president of the institution and makes off with the funds by the legal and safe high way of speculation. Or he organizes a chain of banks and by perfectly lawful methods robs the first to bol ster up the second, and so on to the fifth and. twentieth until they all go to wreck together, leaving him a. mil lionaire with nothing to answer for. It is probable that the methods of crime have become perfected and rare fied with the general advance of the art of plunder, so that, although they escape the observation of the detec tive agencies, they are no less destruc tive to property than they were half a century ago. But, basing his conclu sion on the fact that he has seen many m habitual burglar reform and lead an honest life, Mr. Pinkerton tells his hearers that he does not- believe there is any "criminal class I mean here ditary criminals," he explains. Taking this remark In connection with his reference to "hobos and other degen erates," we can only suppose him to mean that most of the "brainy crim inals of the silk hat and kid-glove variety" are not hereditary. ' To quote him again: "They were made, crim inals by poverty and environment," Mr. Pinkerton says that he "has al ways contended that poverty and en vironment are the greatest factors in making criminals." This would still be true even If he should admit that there' is a hereditary criminal class. All that the most determined advo cate of eugenics means by hereditary criminality Is a congenital weakness of the will, a flabbiness of the moral faculties, which makes one an easy victim of circumstances. The person born with a stern will Is "captain of his soul." His environment cannot wreck him, no matter how untoward It may be. But If one is endowed with a weak mentality or a vacillating will his peril is obvious. Hereditary criminality means noth ing more than a nature congenltally subject to temptation. Poverty sel dom falls to supply the temptation so alluringly and persistently- that re sistance becomes' out of the question." Thus we may agree with Mr. Pinker ton that If every person, were placed at his birth in a favorable environment and kept there all his life there would b9 very little crime in the world. What nobler work can our reformers under take than the creation of such an en vironment for every human being? When the Lord prayed "Lead us not into temptation" he exhibited a degree of social wisdom which the subse quent centuries have not improved upon. Still It will be a long time before the environment of which we speak is established, and In the meantime men and women, to say nothing of chil dren, will, be urged on to commit crime by their surroundings. The pressing question Is how to fortify them adequately against temptation. Shall we preach to them? St, Paul long ago pointed out the foolishness of preaching to a moral nature In herently weak. It is idle to write the Ten Commandments on the seashore. What Is needed is a table of stone on which they may be graven to endure forever. Eugenics offers to make the human soul a table of stone for moral purposes by eliminating flabby he redity. The principal reason why men cannot be reformed Is because their natures provide no anchorage for reso lution to lay hold on. Give them a solid mentality by birth and there Is hope for them, no matter what inci dental errors they may commit. The criminals whose reformations Mr. Pinkerton described to his hearers were all from the Intelligent class. They had gone wrong, but not Irre trievably, because they had a sound mind to work upon. It is the person born with an unsound mind and a depraved physical organization who presents a hopeless case to the philan thropist. Eugenics would solve the problem of the degenerate by keeping them out of the world. Of course the worst foe they have to meet Is poverty, since, as Mr. Pinkerton says, it creates an environment in which all good goes to wreck. RUSSIAN CO-OPERATIVE CREDIT SO CIETIES. The Federal Department of State has undertaken the excellent work of spreading Information throughout the country concerning the various farm ers' co-operative credit systems which exist in the European nations. The facts are obtained from Ambassadors' reports. These are compiled in read able form and mailed to the newspa pers, which are requested to publish them. The first report which has thus been made accessible comes from Ambassador Curtis Guild, at St. Pe tersburg. It may seem surprising that Russia should have gone ahead of the United States In promoting a co operative loan system among its farm ers.' Perhaps the reason for it may be found in pressing necessity. The Rus sian farmer, or peasant, as he is offi cially designated, lives always on the verge of starvation. His meager crops are largely dissipated in paying taxes, bribing the petty government officials In whose hands his fate rests without recourse, and meeting his interest due to loan sharks. The rate at which he Is able to borrow money, apart from the loan societies, varies from 60 to 240 per cent. American farmers, even those who have most cause for grum bling, know nothing whatever, by ex perience, of the abject misery of the Russian peasant, and they have never felt the dire distress which has moved the Czar's government to make some provision for his relief. . It is learned from Ambassador Guild's report . that there . are now some 10,000 co-operative credit soci eties doing business in Russia, with an average membership of about 500. In that bureaucratic country they are, of course, kept under the strictest gov ernmental tuition and supervision. Still, some little liberty of action is allowed the peasants. Each member is permitted to cast a vote upon the internal affairs of the society and to take part in electing a .board of direc tors and a council who take charge of the business in a formal way, but the real control of all the societies, as one might expect in Russia, is in the Min istry of Finance. A branch of the state bank looks after the details. Very likely this is necessary in coun tries like Russia and Spain, where the peasant population exists in the dens est ignorance and is perpetually ground down by poverty. Individual ity and intelligence cannot thrive without some foundation of property and secure Income. These pre requisites the Russian farmer doe3 not yet enjoy. A group of twenty or more peasants must unite to form a co-operative loan society. The first step Is, naturally, to petition the government for permis sion to proceed. If their petition is granted, an inspector is dispatched from the state bank to Inquire into their personal responsibility and the value of their land. If his report is favorable, the national treasury sets the new society on its feet by granting a loan of $o00 or more, up to $1500, according to the needs of the situa tion. The loan runs for 13 years at 5 per cent interest, and Is repaid by turning 60 per cent of the net earnings of the society into a sinking fund. This Is the Irreducible capital of the soci ety. To provide for actual loans to members. It borrows from the state bank or other sources which may be available, paying from 6 to 10 per cent Interest. By these means the societies accumulate an average working cap ital of some $5000. The government, it will be observed, deals only with the society, but, of course, through the so. clety, every member is individually lia ble tor its obligations. Loans to members by the societies draw from 8 to 12 per cent interest This seems extortionate to us now, but it will be remembered that In pioneer times money was still dearer in Ore gon. Agricultural conditions in Rus sia are more primitive today than they ever nave Deen in this state since the first settlers opened their farms. A member may borrow money from his society either for ' the purchase of stock and machinery or for permanent Improvements. Loans up to $150 are allowed on personal security, but they run for no more than a j-ear unless tney are to provide stock or machin ery, when they are extended to three years. Loans for permanent improve ments are limited to five years and are secured by mortgaging the borrower's land. No doubt this system affords real relief to the hard-driven Russian peasant. It is better for him to ray " per cent man to starve, and re payment within one or five years Is better than immediate confiscation. but the financial arrangements of the societies are open to obvious criti cism. The state must make a con siderable profit on its loans at 5 per cent, interest, since it can borrow money at 3 or 4 and the expense of administration even in grafting Russia can hardly amount to as much as 2 per cent of the fund. But that Is of small consequence. The real difficulty begins when we reflect upon the 8 or 12 per cent which Vm hnrrmrrr must DaV to his SOCiety. Russian farmers do not make a net profit of even 5 per cent on tneir props. It is therefore a mystery how they expect to pay this high rate of interest. More serious still is the brevity of the loan, which at most can run only for five years. The French Credit Foncier fixes no limit upon the time of farm loans, provided that the interest is duly paid. They may run for several generations, li necu. The loan is looked upon as a perma nent investment as far as possible. pia hiQ not attained to this point of view. Shylock's image is far more apparent in the business man rv,iVit flooir-o hut no doubt progress will be made as experience accumu lates. As things stand it is prooaore that the Oregon plan of loaning the .fQ funii rn farm mortgages accomplishes more practical good than one could reasonaDiy expect, uum " Tl .n.nn.ratlrA CV!pm What lS aukiiiui i.u-vtii.t"'v - a loan from the state to the Individual but co-operation on the widest ana most scientific scale? LIVESTOCK IS OREGON. By a census bulletin Just issued Oregon is shown to be making rapid strides in the livestock industry. The state is keeping pace with the country at large in nearly all cases, and In some instances is well toward the top. The total value of all livestock on the farms of the country April 15, 1910, was $4,925,000,000. The Increase over the previous decade was $l,8a0,oou,uuu, or 60.1 per cent. The total nuuiuc. of animals is set down as 69,461,828, being an increase during the previous decade of 75.3 per cent. The value of all livestock in Oregon is given as $58. 243.921. which was an increase of 75.6 per cent. That Oregon is making great strides in the dairy industry is shown by the fact that we increased our dairy herds in the decade previous to the census from 122,447 to 172,550, a little more than 50,000 animals. Tak ing the average value of the dairy cows the country over, as given by the bulle tin, at $34.24 each, it will be seen that we put more than $1,715,000 in tne business during the period. While we made such splendid In creases in all livestock and dairy cows, we fell far behind in the number of horses. In 1900 we had 295,683 ant mals (Including mules, jacks and bur ros); in 1910 we had but 282,183. But in value we made great strides, going from $9,011,732 in 1900 to $26,517,708 in 1910. The average value of horses in the country is given as $112.36 in 1910, as against $53.03 in 1900, showing an increase of over 50 per cent. Our Ore gon horses were worth only $30 per head in 1900; in 1910 they were worth more than $94. So we must have made great progress in breeding up our stock. When we consider that tne average value is influenced largely, very lsrgely, by the states where they have r.o range horses, like New Tork, with 694,344 head valued at $80,732, 061. or over $135 a head, or Iowa, with 1,549,364 head valued at $185.- 831,154, or almost $120 a head, our values are surprising. And, by the way, Iowa is the leading state in num ber and value of horses and Is ex ceeded only by New York and Wis consin in the number and value of dairy cows. The swine statistics are enough to make ,us consider that all of the preachings and teachings about the great value of the hog to the farmer have' been worse than In vain. In 1900 we had 281,406 hogs in the state; in 1910 this number had dwindled to 217,577. The value, to be sure, had advanced from $1,057,037 to $1,570,- 949, but this was caused by the great advance in the price of pork. Just why it Is that we are making such a splendid showing in the dairy busi ness and such a poor showing In the hog business, when the dairy cow and the hog go "hand' In hand" as a rule, It is hard to say. We have done well in the poultry business, increasing our flocks from 1,373,203 to 1,823,680, and In value from $582,524 to $1,067,743. Our sheep herds have fallen somewhat. which was to be expected from the settling- up of much of the range. In 1900 our flocks numbered 3,040,291 sheep of all ages; in 1910 we had 2,699,135. The value increased from $7,563,447 to $12,213,942. All range states lost largely In the number of animals. Montana lost nearly 800, 000, Colorado nearly 600,000. Mis souri gained more than 800,000 head. Oregon cuts a. big figure in the sheep business. We are headed in the num ber of animals by only five states- Ohio, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming and New Mexico. And none of them beat us much save Montana and Wyoming, both of which practically double us in number, Wyoming having 5,397,761 head and Montana 5.3S0.746 head. LAW STANDS IN AWE OF CRIME. In New Tork crime does not stand in terror of the law; the law stands In terror of crime. When the law attempts to bring a criminal to jus tice, the man upon whom It calls for the aid of his testimony is driven by panic into perjury or silence. The law is powerless to calm his fears or insDire fear of a worse evil ana tnus extort the truth from him. He looks with awe not at the judge, or the sheriff, or the prosecutor, but at the sinister faces of the gangsters, who, he knows, will wait around the cor ner to visit swift vengeance upon him If he "squeals." The work which Prosecuting Attor ney Whitman has undertaken is a species of civil war in which tne con tending armies are not arrayed in opposite camps to meet in open bat tle, each man. knowing his foe. The two armies are Intermingled In a great city, scattered abroad, wearing no out ward symbol of the cause they repre sent. Worse, the police, who wear the uniform of the law, are reeking with treason to those they profess to serve. The law can fight only accord' Ing to set rules in which are many hidden pitfalls, while the lawless have but one rule do anything to win. The Judges, to whom tho law looks to hold an even balance between It and those It accuses, owe their offices to .the political organization which has made the police allies of the law less and, belnff human, cannot but be swayed by the constant knowledge of that fact. Other officials are In the same position. They owe their offices to the body which has made this un holy alliance with crime, which has sold out to the enemy. .They know it and they act accordingly with a single eye to their own profit, The whole city the greatest city in America, the second greatest in the world Is parceled out among gangs of lawbreakers, allied with the law s sworn servants. Bitterly as these gangs fight each other, they make common cause against the common enemy. Should any man prove false to the obligation he has assumed in the name of graft he is shot down or stabbed and the men who wear the Hvai-v of the law become blind... deaf and speechless. The footsteps of every man who does iaitniui sermc tr. the law are dogged by the myriad skulking spies and assassins of the adversary; their every movement is reported to the gang leaders by the traitorous officers of the law. This condition does not concern New Tork alone; it concerns the whole Nation. The country's chief city has become the stronghold of crime of every grade, from the man who floods the market with the water-logged stock of a trust to him who picks a pocket or makes a gin his slave. Thence the marauding bands of criminals make incursions into "the back country"," s did the robber barons from their castles; thither they return as -a safe refuge from pursuit. The whole country therefore pays toll to Tammany and Its allies of the under-world. What the Camorra has been to Naples, the Tammany system Is to New Tork, but as much greater than the Camorra as New Tork is greater than Naples. The whole power of the kingdom'was exerted to root out the Camorra by the dramatic trial at Vlterbo. It may be that .the whole power of this Republic, though exer cised in different fashion, will be necessary to destroy the Tammany system and restore the supremacy of loyal citizens in New Tork. A good beginning was made at Baltimore, when Bryan put the brand of Cain on New Tork. The murder of Rosen thal, through the revelations which it has brought, may prove the means of arousing the Indolent citizens to fol low up the work, but It will be a long, harassing war. The lightning change by which the La Follette new tariff bill was passed by the Senate was a result of the dis organized' condttlon of that body aris ing from the break up of parties. The Cummins' substitute for the House measure appears to have won the sup port of none but the Insurgents and a few stray Democrats. Then all but three of the Insurgents Joined forces with the regular Republicans in an ef fort to pass the Penrose bill, but this combination was beaten by a majority of two. A united party could thus have passed the' bill. The three dis sentient insurgents next rallied their whole faction to Join the Democrats in passing the La Follette bill and car ried their point The Senate Is re duced to the condition of some Eu ropean Parliaments where there Is a multitude of small parties and where sudden changes In the grouping of these parties in coalition overturn a ministry and set up a new one. Oregon Is becoming a state of large holdings of timber and grazing land, such as Is being formed by extension of Wallowa County ranches. There is small, room-for a dense population where the land Is given up to cattle and trees, but such a situation rights itself. The cutting of the forests opens the way to the farmer and the rich, virgin soil makes intensive cultiva tion most profitable. The farmer girdles the great cattle ranches with cultivated land and by proving the possibility of raising produce which pays far better than cattle, enhances the value of the ranch. The rancher, finding that his herds do not pay in terest on the increased value of his land, cuts up the ranch into small tracts and sells them to farmers. This Is happening In Texas and It will hap. pen in Oregon as the density of popu lation increases. Already the ungodly methods of the bosses have come into use In the Bull Moose party, if the Indignant Roose veltlans of Washington are to be be lieved. A conference headed by Chair man Murphine is accused of having so far backslidden from the path of virtue as to have hand-picked dele gates to the Chicago convention. Thus is the sinless political Eden no sooner created than the serpent of bossism enters to defile it If the evil example of Washington be followed In other states, we may hear the cry of fraud raised against the decision of con tests at the Progressive convention at Chicago. The third party may then give birth to a fourth party, which will go into the wilderness in search of political purity. Senators Bourne, Cummins and Bris- tow are- said to be so enamored of practical politics, which consists in holding a job when one has it that they wish to remain Republicans, in name, keep the third party out of their states and find a way of giving Roosevelt Presidential electors through other, means. In other words, these Senators, who are filled with horror of the much-denounced frauds perpe- trated at Chicago, propose to use the name of the Republican party in order to betray it into the hands of the man who has foresworn allegiance to it Is this progress? The Oregonian. knowing that for it to be known that Wall street. New York. Is sup porting a Presidential candidate is a source of weakness for that candidate. Is endeav oring to make it appear that Woodrow Wilson Is Wall street's choice lor rresiaenu Lebanon Tribune. Why should people who can't read be permitted to edit newspapers? Someway we never have bridges enough. When we get a new one, somebody has to pay for it, and the bridges that are paid for have the draws open half the time. Why not abolish the river? Colonel Lewis with his- usual gal lantry, says a beautiful woman has a right to be beautifully adorned. Of course; and every woman has a right to be beautiful. But some are only good looking. "Some people," says Colonel Roose velt, "will soon be calling me Social ist and Anarchist." So the Colonel beats them to It. But probably they can think of something else. Over in Canada, where law is spelled with the capital letter, a rich broker is being prosecuted for run ning down and killing a woman with his automobile. Highbred babies . In London are wearing Jewelry, but 'Arriet and "Eney continue to let theirs wear mud. Why not have The Hague arrange that all wars shall be theoretical wars, and all the killed theoretically dead? A third party In Jdaho is useful to provide front places for the dis gruntled. ,- Many a good farm Is spoiled to pro. vide a useless townslte. What penalty will Oyster Bay im pose for desertion? The Oregon troops fought nobly, as usual. Scraps and Jingles By Leone Case Baer. You'll admit that most of T. R.'s talk Is Sound. (Play tliat one way only.) "Marriage Is declining," walls an article. I protest. Marriage is ac cepting. e e Wife testified In divorce action that her husband's staying out at nights kept her In a state of qui viva. Latch qui Vive, I reckon. Could you call the gas collector a laureate of meter? Definition of "Intolerable strain:" "Everybody's doln' It" e e This year It's a wise man who reads the marriage notices. Otherwise ha might miss his own. - A new religious cult is announced. of which the originator Is Its prophet Profit Just so. Raymond Duncan's small son has for his middle name Mene-llk. If ha dresses Ilka pa I hope a good many lick him. m To say a man "moves" In rood so clety means he dare not stop. v w My Idea of a quiet rubber Is a dumb masseuse. see Definition of the Early Fathers Su burban Ones. see See where the hop merchants are most appropriately going to trlva a dance. see Rose A book of good quotations would be a nice remembrance for your gentleman friend who Is a broker. I. You sing a song of Summer, Of blossom, and green leaves. Of meadow grasses swaying, Of sun-kissed dewy eves. Of floweriets on the hillsides. Of the rose's heavy scent. You hall the Summer's coming And 1 my monthly rent II. You say the spell of Bummer All your sweet tanclea fill. You want me to gush with you Well maybe soon I will. But don't ask me to plight my trott Or. if my love Is bent, ' Vntll I've dug Up coin enough To go and pay my rent Miss Calamity Step-and-Fetch-It tha charming and Invariably cultured lady writer from Kansas, has written to say that she has been put down on the Little Mothers' Club for a paper on Keats, and she wants to know what Keats are. She says, too, that all the editor spem to be having fits of re jection, and hopes she can put her latest lit ry efforts over on us. eae did. This is it: My favorite song la not the Chicken Bag, Ior IS It uo nut louui inw uu,,, 4,, Nor "Alexander." nor "The Suanee River. My favorite song is none of these. Such ballads rr.luht please some. But to my artist's aoul no Joy they bring. Yet, Dear He! I ain't far wrong To say my soprano sweet will eing With all Its trills and echoes strong When trvlng to "sing your praises," I shall sinir. Dear He, my favorite song. The Circulating Party By Dean Collins. There were lots of fine seats for the popular use In the big new bandwagon where rode the Bull Moose, And many I saw, In the wake of It taggln' And striving to clamber up onto tha wagon Tet strangely, the barge of the mighty moose bull. Though many climbed up, never seemed to get full. I puzzled and pondered full deeply and hard ; "Why is It. not more than a corporal's guard Appear on the wagon. In spite of tha braggin' Of all the recruits that to camp they are dragging'? I've watched them full long, climbing; up o'er the side Of the Bull Moose bandwagon, capa cious and wide." And while thus I pondered, I rambled around. In seeking the depths of the myst'ry to sound. To the opposite side of tha bandwagon wide. And, while meditating, its structure I eyed; O'er its rim, in a clump, I saw parti sans Jump And land back again on the ground with a bump. i I saw from his seat In the Bull Moosa machine, A flying leap taken by Mr. Deneen, And, chuckling with glee, away gal- lnrtori he (Right back to the O. O. P. where ha should De. Then came a deep groan In a sorrow ful tone From out of the throat of the big Bull Moose blown. For out of the wagon, on vigorous limbs. Who should come llylng but one Mr. Sims, That dependable man, since the con test began Who'd cheered to the echo when Theo dore ran Now without looking back, he flew back o'er his track To buy some new chips In the Q. O. P. stack. And many more chaps I beheld, o'er the side Made quick getaways and abandon their ride, And I said: "At this rate, I should ven ture to state Twill never fill, no matter how long I wait For back on the lawn they seem to be gone O'er this side, as fast as the others climb on." Portland, July 27 Qnerlrs aa to Dr. Wllaon. PORTLAND, July 26. (To the Edi tor) (1) Did Woodrow Wilson notify Colonel Harvey, of Harper's Weekly, that he did not want that paper's sup port in his candidacy for the Demo cratic Presidential nomination? (2) Did Mr. Wilson write to soma friend-and ask if something could not be done to get rid of this man Bryan? (3) Did Mr. Wilson make application for a pension from a fund for teach ers furnished by a wealthy man? A L. MASON. (1) Dr. Wilson told Editor Harvey that the support of Harper's Weekly was Injuring him. (2) Yes. . (3) Tes. Paris Umbrellas With Windows. Harper's Weekly. Parisians now carry umbrellas with windows of tinsel or mica; the lattor are either arranged to be Inserted Into the ordinary, umbrella or may consti tute a part of the article Itself. These windows permit one to see clearly when carrying one's umbrella In front of one. It Is prophesied that the next step will be toward transparent um brellas that it, umbrellas through which the pedestrian can see without being himself recognized, 1