THE SUNT AY OKXGOyiANV PORTEAXD, ' JUTT TT, ' 17I2L NICHOLAS H-UOUOR 0 ML BuSSlXS CZAG SHOWN ToBEfefiLU' Rice est Saloon Keeper. S He Runs 30,000 Sa foons, 4,000 Distilleries andCains a Yearly Profit of 400 Million Dollars Russia Under the Double Ciflrse of Autoc racy and Drunkenness Grafting Officials Aid in the Degradation of the People. RT K. Dl'NBAR. I T. PETERSBCRO. May 2 . (Bpe- rial Correspondence.) Who ta tha world a greatest liquor saloon keeper? I do not mean tha beat known figure In tha throat Irrigation bust ntia. "Mr. Dnolcy" Is an easy first In that galley. But considered from tha vlw. point of rank and dignity tha philosopher of the Archy road la a bad second to Nicholas If. Cxsr of All tliv Russlas. and despotic rulir of mora than 10.090.000 subjects. Nicholas Is not only the man of I highest rank ever employed In this lucrative trade, but he owns a larger I number of wine atorea and spirit aa- loons than any other Individual In tha universe. He has over SO. 000 kabaks Russian for drinking aaloon complete control of 4000 spirit factorlea and dis tilleries, and rakea In yearly total of between "0.000.000 and 1400.000.000 I by aelllnr vodka to tha dutiful soakers of his realm. Ha la tha real ll'iuor king un!i"e I in the history nf the rlvl!l.ed world. The latest statistics prov- that tha "sar'a vodka revenue of 110 was just H0.00n.000 more than that of the year sefore. Hla managera expert and hope that tha next returna will show a still Larger Increase In the traffic. This bualnesa la in fact tha Czar a I monopoly. Hla subjects who are fond I of a Joke call vodka "monnpol" and to drink to the "Little rather." who farma the liquor trade, la an action that covers desire with the rloak of loyalty. None are allowed to compete with him. under pain of heavy flnee ana I even, on occasion, imprisonment, tne poorest subject who doles the spirit out of a bottle for money paya IJOO to the Czar, so Jealous la he of Ma monopoly. No distillery In the empire may sell their spirits to anybody elae. it home or abroad, without hla special permission which Is never granted till tha petitioner haa apent large aume In greasing tha palms of the Czar'a spe cial official. Prinking aaloona are opened by Im perial commsmd n Russia. There must be at least ena In each hamlet, no mat ter how small. Larger village have a minimum of two, lest the monjlk ba wearied and turn home without leav ing hla quota at tba Cxaj-'e atore. In tha mora civilised communities a strange thing happened a short while back. The elders of the neighborhoods In question resilied that the ecourge of the countryside tii not famine TME rose at the old King yiace were In their wonted early-Jun perfection. The Martha Washing ton, tha Baltimore Belle, and the Prai rie Queen close together on the eouth side of the walk whence their blended fragrance challenged the exotic. o frano. olden Gate, and flombreulll. La France stood in the anuthwest corner alone. La Franra accepted no chal lenge. She waa easily queen and she kew It queen for all the Summer ex cept two weeka In mid-June when the great Hundred Leaf roee-tfee flung bout the sweets of Araby. aplce and musk and ambergris, and a dozen others too subtly blsnded for analysis. Hundred I.caf waa showing vivid pink at the tips of her buds now. Fareh King saw a she came in rrom ner iu- hour day at the schoolhouse. Sarah was strangely tired, and she eat down In the porch before going In to Grand ma King' harp-eyed Inspection. Hur. ly the front yard waa a soothing pros pect for weary eyes. The fences were Irreproachable In freah white paint, the graveled walk Innocent of the tiniest spike of weed; and the three acree of ground were veritable dream-garden of reses. The rose at the Pld King Place were traditional. Nobody could remember when they had not been there. During June court, when the long window of the courthouse were wide open, visit ing lawyers were aware of something they could not analsc. a subtle some thing that brought unbidden plcturea of the long-age to them. Once when Hun dred Leaf waa In full bloom Judge Bi'oadnag had unaccountably charged the Jury favorably to the poor devil who. by all right of law, deserved state's prison. People walking past tha old King Place In the late twilight Inhaled the delicious breath of the roses aa a mat ter of course. To be sure they some times thought "Sarah King's a good girl to look after her grandma's place aa aha doee not many girls would take such Intereet In flowers. Tba girl who sat now In the porch was aware of this kindly approval, and It had been sweet, but ah waa 21 and It was losing Its flavor. Thla duty of "keeping up'' the old place In Its ' traditional beauty had begug to weigh. When she was 1 Orandpa King died. t'nbesltatlngly Parah put on the yoke. Grandpa King left enough to feed tha tw womenfolk and cover their naked ness, but the keeping up of the place would require money, ready money. The fencea must be repelred, the grav. led walk taken car of and then tbe flower, tba roses. Three acres of I r mm j . MX M -e-z eash. a m I a sM ignorance and vodka, which depravea men. women and children till they ran think of nothing else. They therefore arranged to shut down half the aa loona and get the people to spend money on a school or two and a few agricultural machines Instead. Many communltlea took up the Idea with seat. Oldish moujlks could ba seen poring over primers and copy books and tilling tha land In a more Intelli gent way. But the government drove them back to the drlnklng-hells; the police ordered tha saloons to be re opened and tha village schoola closed, and fined the communes for abol ishing drink and starting education. Drunkennesa psya too well. That la what the government said In effect when the communes protested; and they were about right. Moreover a fuddled vodka-aoaked brain doe not worry about reforms. Qaelllag the Rlotrra. Whso upsets happen tha rioters make a bee line for the aaloona, pour tba .vodka Into the gutter, aet a light tc It, and dance around the flames with mad. derlstva yells, a If they were rejoicing at the death of their worst foe. Temperance agitators, themselves drunk the dsy before, make them ewear never to enter a kabak for tha reel of their Uvea nor touch the poison which ssps the natlon'a trens-th Wit every now srwl then flower-adorned ground waa a good deal for a K-year-eld girl to contem plate, but Sarah did not once falter. The first of her meager achool money went to fertilise the rosea. Grandma King patted tha girl's head: "You're a good child, Sarah. We'll pull to gether and mebbe after all wa can keep up the place and the roses, yor Grandpa's roses." The wistful look tn the old- eyes made Fareh'a own flit, but she threw hark her strong young shoulder and aald: "I will alwaya keep up tha place and tha roses. I know I can do It." Sarah did do It. But she wore on gray ault three yeara, and sturdy, aen alble boots built to stand wear. At II she gave up the May day picnic be cause abe would not take tha requisite dollar from the hoard for tha purchase of the Fall roses. "Tore Grandpa alwaya bought every new rose that came out In the cata logues." said Grandma King wistfully whenever the mail brought one ef the eeductlve, gorgeously colored "annual announcements." The purchase of new rosea alone wag no small thing to a fit salary, whieh waa no aalary at all for three months ef the year. Then there waa tha money paid to Jim Carithera fop labor tne big roae required a man's han dling and the fertiliser, and the freah paint. There waa nothing left for per sonal adornment. After the picnic, when she waa II. J Sarah had been dropped from the list of possible participants In any planned gaiety. "Sarah can't go," those In charge eald. "Sarah haa her school and her reading and her rosea. Sarah' such a dutiful girl." Yes, praise bad been aweet. But the years had gone by and Sarah waa 21, and It was not enough. Thla particu lar June evening aa she sat In the porch the approval of her fellows seemed to Sarah King peculiarly In aufflclenWand all because of a thing ao trivial that her cheeks burned with shame In the remembrance of It- Sarah had walked home behind John Dexter and the new minister a niece who waa at the parsonage for the summer. Sarah waa used to seeing John walk with the little blonde, smiling down at her aa they walked: but today Sarah had been close behind ths cou ple, close enough to note the subtle daintiness of ths girls apparel, to hear the unmistakable silken whisper of the skirts. At the crossing the lifted blue serge skirt had left visible a margin of blue silk shot with white. A audden childish pang had come to Sarah, a pang whose hurt she nursed now in the scented twilight ef tha porch. She looked serosa the open square where an Irregular dark blur marked the ancient rambling bouse In wblch John Dexter lived alone with two fam the soldiers Are on the rlotera aa an object lesson. New saloon ar op ened, prices are lowered and the har vest gathered In. ao that each year aeea mora millions of dollars spent In drink and more and more drunk enness, poverty, dlseaaa and filth among the miserable wrecke who prowl about the countryside or huddle In city slums. The prlca of drink is never raised, even In a dear year like tha present Tha difference Is covered by putting up the price of methylated spirits, used for lighting and heating, by 40 per cent. Aa bread Is the staff of life, ao liquor Is the staff of the autocracy. Russia's national drink la distilled from potatoea and cereala In such a way that the proportion of lulphurto acid to spirit Is aa nine to ten. It I very atrong. fiery and always swal lowed rapidly. It easily aftacta tha bralna ef drinkers, who consequently often become vodka-mad.. Fierce quar rels and stabbing are tha common se quels. Reaction brings suicidal depression. Henca tha large number of suicide in Russia, which have tncreaaed In pro portion with the advance In vodka eon sumption. In April the suicides In Bt. Petersburg alone during one night reached tha total of ii. Tha vtctlma were young men and women and all had been drinking hard for some dsvs. ily aervant. "Uncle Ephralm" had not lighted the hall lamp yet. Thlnga were not very well ordered at John a home. His rosea tumbled aver the gal lery rail In aweet confusion: weed peeped fearlessly between the erum bllng bricks nf hla pavements. Nobody could say that John "kept up" the place he had Inherited. John went through hla daya aerenely. nearly al waya with a laugh on hla mouth, al waya with a laugh In his eyes a laugh that laughed at and with things. Wa It the tantalising laugh In the eyes or was it the big muscular frame? Sarah did not know. But she aat yet longer In the porch before ahe dared Grandma King'a eyes. Jimmy Kerr came up the front walk calling: 'Sarah, I brought your mall from the postofflce, and Ma says please aend her a bunch of roses to carry to Mia' Level. Mlsa Level'a real sick." Glad nf action. Sarah took the aheara from their nail In the porch and cut a peck of the fragrant an. nual. Afterward aha looked at the manila envelop Jimmy had handed her. "Another flower catalogue!" ahe eald In atarnge petulance, and went Into tha houae and threw tba envelop on tha living-room table. But after the aupper dishes had been put away and ahe waa again In the glow of tha llvlng-reom lamp, Sarah opened the catalogue dutifully. It was not a flower catalogue at all, but one Men In touch with the working and peasant classes are horrified at the heavy list of drink victims, for 10 per cent of tha town population become confirmed drink fiends before they are SS yeara old, while 4S per cent of the girls between 7 and 11 fall Into tha vodka habit. It Is alway vodka, never beer, a In Germany. Doctors and engineers met at Moscow laat year to talk over some way of fighting the fiend, but the po lice worried them to such an extent that they oould not finish their con gress. But. though several were ar rested before two daya were rassed, they did manage to adopt a resolution asking the government to open schoola throughout Russia, thinking that, aa Tt per cent of the total population can neither read nor write, drink must play a chief part In tha national Ufa. But tha government did not see the point "Education leads to discontent." they explained, "and discontent spells revo lution. We ftnd drunkenness far mora profitable So, while the government paya Just IV, centi per head for education In one year, each cltlxsn leave sums varying from It cent to 17.60 In the Czar' drinking saloons. His portrait hangs on the walls, to remind all comers of their duties toward Imperial revenues. Tha kabak Is" tha one bright spot in tha average Russian s life. Hla home, given up to the family, pigs, fowls and often a cow. Is snualld beyond the con of the monster catch-dellara sent out by a Chicago dry gooda house. Sarah'a mouth drooped pathetically. Why should any on aend her such a cata logue? Her eyes were compelled by a color-plate. She had been mistaken after all; It waa a flower catalogue- no. But the pictured warea were strangely flower-like In their exquis ite color. What were they? Sarah looked more cloaely at tha page. The flower-like garmenta were silk blouses so folded that the overlapping frill indeed simulated many-petalled roaes. They were green, crimson. mauve, blue, pink the pink was prettiest. It waa Ului on of Hundred Leafs blos soms. Grandma King dosed peacefully in her chair. Still Sarah held the cata logue open at the eame page. Could she? Jim Carithera would not be able to do the Summer work on the roae garden now anyhow. He wae at work on a Job over at Beda whieh would keep him a month. Khe had the 111 aha would have paid Jim for the work if he had been able to do It. Dared she? With cheeks scarlst for shame Sarah drew the writing-pad close and dipped her pen In the ink. Grandma King awoke just aa Sarah wa finishing her letter. "Whafa that you're orderln,' Sarah? Rose or bulbs ?" The naked truth would hurt. Sarah could, not explain what she did not herself understand. 8h took tha eas iest way: "A rose." "What color, child?" "Pink." lied Sarah miserably, and resolved not to send her letter with the foolish order. But the naughty wind of destiny that blew to Sarah King the dry goods catalogue waa at work early the next, morning when It sent Jimmy for more roses "for Mis' Johnson's daughter's wsddlng bnkay." Aa Sarah clipped tha Marerhal Nella and Mlerophyllaa the dreary prospect of the procession of the years awoke In her unwonted self pity. "You'll never need to bloom for me, exrpt for my coffin," she told the white rose-tree In a voice she knew was maudlin but couldn't suppress "and even then there will ba nobody to put you on." Jimmy took tha flower, but cam back to the porch to say: "Got anything for the postofflce? I'm goln' right pest there." Sarah asked Jtmmy to wait a minute. Then aha walked deliberately to the living-room and took from her port folio the letter ahe had written the night before. She Inclosed two 1)11 Is from her purse and gave Johnny di rection for registering the letter. A h hurried to the schoolhouse she tried to Justify hsrself: "I am going to live out my life In the same old way. Nothing to look for ward to but white roses on my coffin at least there'll be nobody to put them en." She was growing mixed In br logic end her eyes were misty with an other access of self-pity when she fin ished: "But at any rat I will have, ception of Western citizens. He knows neither games nor sports; football or baaeball are undreamed of; cluba are forbidden by law. All hla spare time and he haa a lot la spent toping under the shadow of tha Czar'a por trait. Early Orlaita mt Maessly. Liquor saloons and the aale of vodka have been the crown'a monopoly, with out a break, alnra the Ifth century; thst Is. when the weakening of the Tartar yoka and Moslem customs gave atrong drink a free hagd. Jn those days, when tha Csara ef Muecovy, as they were then called, wanted cash to make war, quell a tumult or fill up tha ravagea of famine, they farmed out their kabaka to tha highest bidder, getting cash In advance. Then they went back to tha old plan and ran tha aloona themselves. They have not farmed them out sine 111. Fines then the trade haa Increased by leaps and bounds, and reversion to the farm ing aystsm would now mean a yearly loss of (17.000.000. Right here was the reason why, when General Booth asked permsslon to start a branch of tha Salvation Army In St. Petersburg, he was refused. The authorities feared the loss Involved to the crown. They knew Salvationists teach sobriety, which means a drop In tha vodka receipts. Native temperance movements Are snubbed In the same way. , Rut ansrt from the enela vrrint of the pleasure of wearing one garment In accord with my taete befor I die." Meanwhile Jimmy had shifted the big bunch of roses so that he might more carefully examlnei the superscription of the letter In which h bad with bis own eyes serq tarah King put two five-dollar bills. "Phew." he said, "Chicago. More ftstwera, I reckon. Seems like thev'd get enough roses by this time. Rut It's new ones every Spring and Fall. They ain't never satisfied." John Dexter had passed by on hla leisurely way to lite office., while Sarah cut the roaaa for Mra. Johnson's daugh ter's wedding bouquet, but Sarah'a back had been tn the street. John rested hie arm on the fence and watched Sarah with tha tantalising smil In his eyes. Sarah King- wa the prettieet girl lie anew, and by long odde the finest. Strange how a girl could be as pretty as Sarah and not know It. John was not surei that a pretty girl was not prettier when eha did not know It. He watched the round arms reaching for the topmost roses for a little, then went on hie way. saying to himself: "Its a pity Sarah doesn't know how pretty she Is." By Friday morning Sarah'a twinae of conscience bad become a downright ache that vanquished her childish self, pity. Grandma King'a Interest in the new four-year-old roae sha was expect. Ing was becoming torture, and worse, Sarah bad to engage In the pettleat dissembling. Every time Jimmy came up the graveled walk with the mall she must hurry to Intercept the package she looked for. What If Jimmy ehould bring It when she was absent? Sha the people, the advantage ta not alto gether on the credit side. The Csar1 army suffers much from the vodka fiend. General Keppen, "who haa been trying In vain to propagate Ideas of temperance among toe troops, ssye that S per cent of the crimes com mitted by soldiers are dona when they have been drinking heavily. He ad. mita. too. that many young men tak to drink when In the army. The sol diers spend the little money they get In the regimental saloons, while their officers get drunk, at the supper tables, so that all ths money paid out In this wsy comes quickly back. Each regiment of S600 men swells tha Czar'a receipts for vodka by 114. 000 per year. On the other hand, of ficers declare that the Russian soldier could not live without drink, aa the food la too bad and scanty to satisfy him. and the barracks are kept eo cold that ha would be frosen to death It h kept to the week tea supplied by the government. Only one-ftfth of the fuel allotted goes Into the stoves, and tha pound of mest per man shrinks to lees than a quarter before It reaches the eoup caldron. Turveyora and the food supply committee get the benefit, of the dlffervniee. The reglmentel boots are made of brown paper, and the uni forms and underclothing are often the cheapest ahnddy But army purveyor and the food-aupply committee live like millionaires, snd their wives and daughters 'spend whole fortunes on awall clothes. This leaves the barest margin for tha soldler s comforts, so he aeeka warmth and oblivion In drink. Orsft Is rooted as firmly In ad- dared not dwell on the hurt to gentle Grandma King. When at dusk on Friday evening Sarah did receive from Jimmy's hand a Hat package, she had already derided that she would never open it. She would keep It as a reminder of the wicked vanity of a woman old enough to be above surh things. She rsn up stairs and locked the box In her trunk. After tea Sarah deliberately rhose a lengthy psesage In the Old Testament, one that had ever been a particular trial to her patience. Rut (Jiandma King'a attention waned visibly toward the end. and she could scarcely wait a reverent Interval before saying: "Sarah, I've foraot what kind of a rose you ordered from Chicago. Soems to me It s a long time coming." Sarah went to bed In a ehaetened mood. She would wear her gray suit another year what was the difference between three and four years? She would sell her corsl necklace to Mrs. (leltner and get the money to take the plaie of the ten dnllars she had squsndered. Then she would order the handsomest rose In the Fall catalogue for Grandma King. But even for the third time the wind of deatlny played trl.-ke with Sarah King when on Saturday afternoon, s she was starting down the graveled walk to set out on her way ti the sewing circle. It blew the irreslellbU spice and honey of Hundred I-caf di rectly In her face. Sarah stopped and picked a bunch for her belt, and as she fastened the mass of bloom she was compelled by the charming effect of the pink against the grey of her girdle. She had never known before how beautiful were Just the right shades of pink and gray together. She went bark tu her chamber and unlocked her trunk. Released from ,the narrow quartos of the box In which It had been mailed, tha ahlnlng frilled blouse expanded to It proper shape with a delicious rustle. Sarah locked the door, and when ahe emerged a few minutes later she was a glorified Sarah. She was still a glorified Sarah who walked homewards about sundown and who even forgot the exlstencs of a cer tain law office on the square. She approached the low frame building without knowing that she did so. All her senses were engrossed with the de lightful fltnees and daintiness of hsr apparel, a feeling she had missed all of her 'llf. John Dexter happened to come to the door ef hi office at that moment. He wa not conscious of the pink dslntlness. He did not see it. He saw only the fare above It. He forgot to put hla hat bark en his head, and stood there looking at the faded red brick of the courthouse behind which the slender figure had disappeared. The tentallxlng emlle was gnns from his eyes. Did Sarah King know she wss prttr? - He put on his hst snd set his feet In the path through the courthouse square, for the first time in his life a men in a hurry. Sarah did know.- She bad mme Into her own. Suddenly something had bloomed within Br, something choksl ff! v mlnletratlve Russia aa Ignorance la hackled on the poor. Resides these saloons snd distilleries, the Csar owns vlnevards In the Crimea. The wine goes to Frame, where It la dortored to a certain extent, snd re Imported as French wine. Ills Majesty owns the oldest vintage in tha world. Home yeara ago, workmen on one of hla Crimean estates dug Into whst seemed to be a cave. When opened It proved to be a wine cellar, walled up by Greek colonists some 1000 years sgo. The wine had nearly all evapo rated from the emphorao, or Greek wine jara. closely sealed though they were. But the fumes of 20 centuries bad covered the IneUle of the cave with a growth whose very smell made tha workmen blind drunk. New Crimean wine, put Into this cave, become mellow and very choice In a couple of years. Its bouquet can not be tolil from that of old Hungarian wine. As there are only a few sm phnraa In the rave, they are only broachod on the rarest occasions, one of them being the christening of the little Csarevltch. Only the Imperial family Is served with thla rurlnua wine, so thst courtiers shake their heads when asked whst it tastes Ilka and admit their Ignorance. Rut onlookers say thst It affects the feet. If not the head, and tends to sadness rather than mirth. Though thousands of serious men snd Momen lit Rusela look upon the Czar's kabaka as one nf the country's greatest scandals, none ran put a stop to them. Czars have not been their subjects' saloonkeepers since 400 yesr for nothing: and so long aa Nicholas I autocrat his saloons ars likely to flour ish throughout the length and breadth of his empire. Russia will have to pa through more blood end tesrs before the double emancipation la won from tvrannv and vodka. by duty and sacrifice to a summer In. stead of a springtime flowering. Give the word back to the French from whom we borrowed It. Ranlsh It from the vocabulary of the cultured" Rut the thing exists, potent, eternal. The feminine. It Is a wonian'a own. And tha fragrance of It may he as whole somely aweet as Is the perfume of tne rlove-plnk hy which she sends her wireless message to The Right Ree: "See how 1 have decked myself for you!" With her arms around Grandma King's neck Sarah told her liappln": "We are to he married In September, but v.e sre going to stay right here with you and keep up the place and the rees Junt as they have slwsya been." Grandma King'a faded blue eye didn't fill with tears. They smiled. "Wrll, Child, I can't say I'm sur prised grratlv. Pretty girls aa pretty as you rarely po to their gravea stn gle. If you'll Ionic in my bureau drawer, rlaht-hand aide at the hack, you'll find a re.l box with the money In it to buy the flxln you need. There's plenty to buy them nice, white silk storkln's and all. Ilildes have got to have white silk storkln's. I've been savin' the money ever since you were a hahy. There, now, ijon't cry, dearie, when you're so soon to marry the man you've given your heart to. I'm glad you're goin' to keep up tha old place and the roeea. Yore (irandpa'll be glad, too. That reminds me. You'd better order some new roses right now, three-year-olds. We need another pink In the northeast corner to balance La France on the other side of the walk. There ain't anything prettier than a Hundred Leaf. I remember yore Grandpa set ut one the year we mar ried." (Copyright by Shortstorv Pub. Co.) Anicrlcnn Autos tn India. V.. R. Consular and Trade Reports. The outlook for future extensive business In American motor vehicles throughout India was never so prom ising aa at the present. American automobiles received a gigantic ad vertisement through the action of van nus Indian governments In placing large orders for American :srs for use at the recent coronation durbar at Ie1hl. One American ooinpany alone reports it furnished different provincial governments In India with 70 cars In connection with the -lurhsr. and claims that no lees than 11 of its machines were registered at Delhi during tha celebration. The total nflmber of American cars of all makes In use at the durbar was so large as to npca. slnn wide comment, and the Impression rraatod was most favorable. A Madras firm, through which the local govern, ment ordered 10 American automobiles for orrinal uie at Delhi, stales thst tha preference thus shown In fsvor of Amerlrsn rsrs will result In a large ly Increased demand hereabouts for motor vehicles of American manufacture.