niE SUNDAY OREGOXIAX. PORTLAND. MAY 26, 1912.
5
OLD RULE FOR SCORING POULTRY SHATTERED BY NEW 'BREED'
"Miss Egg Hen" Is Now Taking Attention of Experts Who See "Mongrel" Bird as Best Food Producer Size and "Fine Points" No Longer Count.
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OREGON AGRICfLTVRAL. C O L
LEOS. Comma. My IS. (t!p
cll.) Mtia Ee Hen. represent
ing the latJt "br4 ' or (owl. the one
which Profeaeor Jamea Drirdvn. of Ore
rpb Acrlrullural C'ollese. tart will
prore a potent factor In reducing the
hlt coal of llvtnir. la re-elTlnc aucb
Increased attention from Orearon poul
try keepers that she ahould aoo.i be
dolna; as effective work on every
ranch In the slate as she has lone
been dotnc at the O. A. C. Expert,
meat Station and thus furnish as many
carloada of eggs for export aa are now
annually sMrped Into the Beaver state.
This la not . false prophesy based
on Imagination. It is a prediction
basel upon an Increase of practically
20 pr cent In the correspondence
romlns; to the extension division of the
college as a tlrect result of the Im
petus s;tven the poultry Industry
throochout the Willamette Valley by
the poultry demonstration car equipped
by Ores: on Aarlcultural t'oHrce. ami
recently operated over the Southern i'a
cift linee In orearon.
The lettera received at the college
ran from the brief request for liters,
lure on poultry rmllns; In the full ex
planation of special problema con
nected with the Industry and asking
help In their solution.
I aaewal Interest Araaaed.
Touring Its Itinerary the demonstra
tion car. which was undeK the direct
supervision of Professor Pryden and
succeeded In settlnc forth OrcKon'a pna.
slbiltties alone the line of poultry
raisins. In such a way aa to arouse
the unusual Interest, was In charare of
1. UmK K- B. Thompson. A. U.
Luna, O. Wilcox and H. A. Marfan
stern as assistants. These yonaa; men
distribute! circulars or cards to IS. 000
people who passed throus') the car
at the SI towns on the 14-day Itinerary.
Besides carrying a number of fowla of
different breeds to demonstrate era;
laying qualities as well as a few show
fowls, the car contained carefully pre
pared exhibits showing the effect of
feeding apon the color of the yolk and
albumen of ears. A feature, which
attracted apeclal attention, was the ex
hlbition of the Istest snd best equip
ment for hatching and raising stock
and for grading and marketing egg-.
"We haten'l a poultry enow here."
id Professor Pryden. while conduct
ing a party of Salem people through the
evhlblt car. "it Is rsther in egg show.
W"e ar trying to demonstrate laying
qualities. We show fowls of different
breeds, both the good and the poor
lavers. We have demonstrated at the
experiment Station that high laying Is
not a eharaeteri.tic or monopoly of any
one breed. There are good and poor
laers IB all breeds of chickens, as we
find the breeds lodav. Ther are a
great many different breeda of chickens.
There are over lUe iMfTerent breeda and
varletlee judged from show stsndards.
but Judging from the standard of the
egg basket, there la practically one
breed.
Prslimr Make KagJaaattaa.
"Which breed la IMt?" asked one of
t.e visitors. "It is the one thai lays.
replied the professor. "You notlca there
two White Ighorng You wouldn't
know them apart if you met them on
tie street, they look so mu.-h a:ike. but
one of them laid lt eggs while the
ether laid 2 1" They arc roth of the
aame breed, of the aame age and had
tne same feeding and care.
"Adjoining the two Leghorn hens art
two hens of another breed. T ymoutrt
Rocka. One ef ttem laid 41 eggs, tha
ether 21. We d'.Jr't bring our best
Tayera on the rar. nor our poorest- The
best one laid eggs last year and the
poorest Those ta were Id a flock
of 41 Plymouth nocks that averaged
ISO rgga per hen. but they ranged In
dividually from t to :sa.
asall Breeda Beat Layers.
"Were they all fad alike?" "Tea.
They were all kept In the aame house
and yard and had the asms feed. They
were also of the aame age. It la a quea
tlon of indlviduala rather than breeds.
There are good and poor layers In all
breeds, and all breeds of chickens are
pretty much the aame when It cornea
to the egg basket. This, however, may
be said, the leghorns or small breeda
win produce eggs cheaper than the
larger breeds, becauae tha larger the
foal the more food they muat eat and.
of courae. the coat for each dosea of
eggs will be greater with the large
rowia than with the small ones.
Question: "la ther any way of tell
Ing the good layers from the poor 7"
Anawer: "No. so far as anybody hae
demonstrated. There la no particular
ahape or type thut Indtcatea the good
layer or the poor layer. Kowla haven't
been bred long enough to any apeclal
type for laying to establish any type
or shape. Ws have good layers that
are long In body and good layers that
are short In body. It might be said.
however, that the large, fleshy fowl of
a breed Is not usually the best layer,
The beat layers are usually those apect-
mena of the breed that are not very
large or beefy and that are of an ac
live, nrrvoua disposition. It la a mis
take, therefore. In breeding for eggs to
pick out the largeat fowla of the breed
to aave for breeding. If you breed for
alxe you are liabla to get a decrease In
egS yield."
Raaeter Scare. A lea.
Question: "How many points would
that Leghorn rooster scorer
Answer: "244 points. His mother
laid 210 eggs! We are breeding for
egg points or for Increase In egg yield.
and not for show points. It Is a hard
enough proposition to breed for eggs
and Increase the egg yield without
breeding at the same time for a dosen
or 20 other points that have no connec
tion with rgg-laylng qualltlra. The
fact that a fowl may score over SO
points and win a prise In tha show
room Is no guarantee that It Is a good
layer. Some of our very best layers
would be disqualified in the show room.
That Leghorn ther that laid 130 eggs
has what Is called a 'side sprig' on the
comb. You can scarcely see It. but the
poultry Judge would throw her out of
the show on that account. Not because
ahe isn't purs-bred, but because the
standard of perfection aaya that a bird
carrying that defect In the comb muat
be disquahiled. The Leghorn that laid
100 erge haa no diaquallncatlon and
would win a prise OTer the other that
laid 210 eggs. The truth Is. that chick
ens haven t been bred for eggs. A
great deal of paina have been taken
In breeding for color of feather and
shape, and aome wonderful things have
been done by breedere along those lines.
But owing to the difficulty of telling
which hens In the flock were doing the
laying, that part of the breeding has
been badly neglected, with the reault
that while we hav fairly uniform color
and shape In our breeds, ther Is a
great variation In the laying qualities
In fowls of the aame breed. In other
words, there Is little purity of breed so
far as egg yield goes.
Trap Seat la I sea.
Now. the only certain way we can
pick out the good layer from the poor
la to use a trap-nest, and w ahow you
there the trap-nest that wa have used
at the Txperlment Station for several
years with good results.
Question: "There are a great many
systems advertised for picking out tha
god layer without the trap-neat.
What do you think of the sstem of
telling the good layer by the width of
pelvic bonT
Answer: "We have made, at the Ex
periment Station, a great many meas
urements along that line, and we have
found that there Is not much. If any
thing, in It. We hav found good and
poor layers that are wide and good and
poor layers that are narrow. That
Plymouth Rock there that laid only 44
eggs Is aa wide aa any you will find:
while that good layer there la very
narrow."
Question: "What breed of fowls lay
the largeat egg?"
Anawer: "Now. that Is an Important
point. It Is one thing to breed for num
ber of eggs: It Is another thing to get
the weight of eggs. That algn on the
wall there says that you ahould 'breed
for the JOO-egg hen and the two-ounce
egg.' Now, we hav found that tha
fowls vary In weight of eggs laid Just
as much as they do In the number of
eggs laid.
Question. "Whs Is a mongrel heji?"
Answer. "That Is answered by th
sign on tha wall there which says
that 'a mongrel hen la one that lays
less than 100 eggs a year.' "
"Do Heas Have Teeth V
Question. "Do hen hav teeth?
What doea that sign mean which reads
'Do not keep a hen after she baa lost
her teetliT "
Answer. "That means that the young
hen la a better layer than the old hen.
After the aecond year It doesn't pay
to keep the average flock for laying
market eggs. Better replace them with
pullets, and that Is where a great many
lose In the poultry business; they keep
their hens too long.
"There are three essentials In feed
ing for eggs. The ration Is based on
the price of foods. Wheat forms the
main feed In the ration. A llttlo oats
and corn are added for variety. The
ration is made up of 30 pounds wheat.
10 pounds oats, 10 pounds bran, 5
pounds middlings. 5 pounds whola corn
and pounds ground corn, 6 pounds
linseed meal, besides grit, shell, char
coal and salt and 20 pounds kale. If
that ration, which we call the raw ma
terial, la put Into this hen here, which
we call the factory. It should produce
this finished product. 24 pounds of
eggs. But it must be a good factory
or a good hen, or It won't produce
that amount.
All la Nat la the rood.
"Now, you may have "a good ration
and there are many good rations that
may be fed, and then you won't get tha
eggs. It Isn't all in the food. It Is a
good deal In the method of feeding."
Question. "How would you feed that
ration?"
Answer. "Now tha main point In
feeding Is to feed In such a way as to
keep the hen busy. r Activity 1s the life
of the hen.
"The green food should be kept be
fore them all tha time, as much as they
will eat. Either kale or clover or oth
er green food. The animal food In
this ration consists of 6 pounds of
beef scrap. One hen will eat about
that amount in a year. That we keep
In a hopper before them all the time
and allow them to eat Just as much
or as little aa they want of It each
day. Another point In th feeding Is
regularity. You don't want to starve
the hens on beef scarp for a week or
a few days and then give them all they
ran eat. or they will eat too much.
Th same with the green food. Don't
starve them, give them all they will
eat. Keep both before them all the
time."
Farm Heas Differ.
Question: "Would that ration and
method of feeding answer for fowls on
the farm?"
Answer: "The same ration would do.
duced from bulbs some rare and very
beautiful lilies, natives of Brazil. Man)
and varied means have been tried foi
the last six years to Induce these vis
itors to bloom, but until this year they
have refused to do so. This Spring,
however, after having spent some time
in the succulent house they showed
signs of budding. First some long
leaves sprang out from the bulb, soon
to be followed by a flower stem bear
ing Ave buds. These have burst into
wonderful mauve-blue flowers .about
the size and shape of a Madonna lily)
standing four feet high and extremely
beautiful. To succeed these are sev
eral varieties of Brazilian lilies all ap
proaching full blossom.
but there wouia not be the same neces
sity for making them scratch in the
litter and the feeding might not have
to be done so frequently. The fowls
on free range usually get exercise
enough without having to make them
scratch in the litter all day, and the
feeding Is much simplified where that
Is the case."
Question: "Is there any food such as
soy-bean meal that will take the place
of beef scrap or animal food?"
Answer: "It has been clearly dem
onstrated at experiment stations that
the fowls must have some kind of ani
mal f-od to give good results. The
protein of the soy-bean menl or of the
linseed meal will not take the place of
the porteln of the animal food. If
fowls on the farm are given plenty of
milk or skimmed milk or buttermilk,
that will be all the animal food that
will be necessary usually. It is' one
thing to get the eggs; another to get
the profit out of them.
"There Is too much time consumed
between th nest and the market. The
egg is a perishable product and every
day it Is held It loses in quality.
Methods of Hatching Told.
"The last section of the car illustrates
methods of hatching and raising the
chicks. There are a great many meth
ods that are followed in hatching and
raising, but in making our demonstra
tion here we have In mind the largest
class of poultry raisers, the general
farmers. W'e believe where 100 hens are
kept on a farm the most satisfactory
method of hatching Is the hen and if
poultry keepers would give a little at
tention to methods of hen-hatching and
brooding. It would result in more profit.
Each hen should have a separate
apartment, so she can get off the nest
for feed and water whenever she wants
to and go back to her own nest, so
that very little attention Is required
on the part of the poultry raiser. The 1
l ouse should be large enough to raise
the chicks in after they are hatched.
The partitions aro movable and when
the chicks are hatched they are given
to two hens to brood. The house
should be of such size that it may be
easily moved onto fresh ground and it
Is very important to keep the chicks on
clean, fresh ground. With four such
coops for raising the chicks, costing
for material and labor in the neigh
borhood of $26. the farmer could hatch
all his chicks at once and enough of
them to renew his flock of layers every
two years, where he keeps 100 layers.
It isn't necessary to spend a lot of
money on equipment for poultry
keeping. With four of these coops to
raise the stock and with two colony
houses such as we show outside the car,
the poultry keeper has practically all
the equipment necessary for keeping a
flock of 100 hens and the whole may
be furnished for about 275.
During several days -of the trip the
weather was cold and rainy and at sev
eral towns people stood out in the rain
patiently , awaiting an opportunity to
pass through the car. The attendance
at all points was particularly gratify
ing and some of the larger towns fur
nished bigger crowds than could be
handled to advantage.
While it is impossible to calculate
the ultimate results of the combined
efforts of the college experts and the
transportation companies In the mat
ter of stimulating agricultural pur
suits, one enthusiast has expressed the
opinion that the Southern Pacific t
Oregon Agricultural College Poultry
Demonstration Car will make the Ore
gon hen worth millions of dollars to
the state within the next four years.
Rare Lilies In Kew Gardens.
Christian Science Monitor.
The gardeners of Kew gardens in
London are rejoicing over having pro-
OAKS' OPENING MARKED BY ENTERTAINMENT
OF MOST REFINED AND DIVERSIFIED KIND
ProrrammB for Today Will Be Tullest Ever Presented Punch and Judy Show From London One of Many Novel FeaturewGrand Opera and Musical
Comedy Provided.
FAMOUS SLOW COACH GONE
Omnibus, Which Was the Joke of the
City, Replaced by Motor. i
PARIS. May 23. (Special.) The
slowest and most famous horse 'bus of
Paris, called the Pantheon-Courcelles.
which provided fun for several genera
tions of writers, is no mofe. It has
been replaced by a modern motor 'bus.
Parisians had come to look upon the
Pantheon-Courcelles line as one of the
permanent mysteries and Jokes of the
town. It was Courteline who first dis
covered that the line ended nowhere.
There Is no such place In Paris as the
Place Courcelles. The latter is thought
to mean the Place Perelre, which la to
be found on the map. but the omnibus
company, which never corrected a mis
take, persisted for nearly half a cen
tury in hoisting Courcelles over its
'buses.
No Parisian- had ever been able to
learn by heart the many streets and
crooked thoroughfares through which
the Pantheon-Courcelles 'bus wound its
way. Friends who by some mistake
took the 'bus were never asked where it
led them or how far they had gone, and
some, it seems, never returned. Last
year a party of students lunched on the
top of the 'bus. They started at the
Pantheon. By the time it had by de
vious ways got to the Odeau they had
reached the cold roast, and they had
had coffee and many cigars, and many
choruses before it landed them at Cour
celles. which does not exist. For th
last journey of the horse 'bus, Latin
Quarter students arranged a mock fu
neral. They sang dirges on top, and
got down when the 'bus approached a
hill, and helped to pusrf" it up. Finally,
at its last stage, they lit a bonfire on
the 'bus. Old Parisians will mourn th
'bus. There was no quieter way of see
ing Paris from. the Pare Menceau to the
Latin Quarter.- - -
SPIDER SAVES A NATION.
Scotland Profits by Lesson the In
sect Taught Its Monarch.
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MKMBtKS OK KHAMv RICH COMEDY rONPA.M, NOW APPEARING AT THE OAKS.
THREE hundred free seats tor in
season is the manner In which
John F. Cordray, manager of The
Oak a. Intends to signalise the opening
of the big auditorium at the amuse
ment park with the Frank Rich Mus
ical Comedy Company. Entertainment
of the most refined and diversified kind
will be given by th musical comedy
company, which has Just roncluded a
series of engagements In British Columbia.
Freah acenery has been prepared and
th company has been In rehearsal for
some daya at The Oaks.
While the official opening of Th
Oaks was yesterdsy. by far the great
est crowd of th opening 'days is ex
pected today, when a fuller pro
gramme than has ever been presented
for the opening week will be Inau
gurated. Leadoa Attractlea Secured. "
Among th really novel entertain
ment Is a Punch and Judy show, which
has betr. Imported from the Crystal
Palace. London, to amusa the children.
For two years Manager Cordray has
been endeavoring to obtain this par
ticular show, but until London's great
glass palace went to the wall last sea
son. It was Impossible to get the show
man to visit America. The Oaks is
the first engagement he -will play In
this country and his atand will be on
one of the lawna where the children
can watch and laugh at the antics of
Punch. Judy and little dog Toby.
Undoubtedly the headline attraction
at the park is "Looping-the-Gap." a
sensational performance by La Belle
and "Dare Devil" Hurley, Involving a
dash In a miniature car down an in
cline preceding the tossing of the body
of the woman into the air to be caught
by the man.
The Teuton Two will furnish comedy
from the grandstand, while the Boston
Symphony Orchestra will delight all
with its rendition of popular and class
ical music. A feature of the orchestra
will be the Thursday afternoon con
certs fer musicians when the pro
gramme will be of a purely symphonto
nature.
Grand opera will be provided by
Signora Rachael Rulss and SIgnor
Luccl, who will appear on the grand
stand In costume, singing excerpts
from the many operas In which they
have taken part. Both Madam Rulss
and Luccl have an international repu
tation, the former having been heard
at the Grand Opera In Paris, while the
latter appeared two years ago at La
Scala In Milan.
The streetcar company will start
operating Its express cars to The Oaks
today for the season, while fast
launches will run from Morrison Street
Bridge.
The gardens and lawns offer an un
usually fine spectacle to the visitor
to Portland who cares for scenie
beauty. . -
Kansas City Star.
Scotland has many legends that tha
sheepherders and highland peasants
never get tired repeating. A long time
ago King Bruce ruled over Scotland be
fore that country became a part of
England, and he learned a lesson from
a spider that enabled him to succeed
when otherwise he would have failed.
King Brace had lost many battles.
He was discouraged. He had made his
final effort against his enemies and '
failed to vanquish them. Deep in de
spair he went to a lonely room. Re
clining on the couch and thinking, he
happened to notice a spider drop from
th ceiling on a single silken cord. Ha
watched the spider fascinatingly. It
now began its ascent. It slipped. Time
and time again it tried to mount, but
each time It failed. The King watched
intently forgetful of all else. An hour
passed. Finally the spider succeeded.
It was an Inspiration for King Bruce
Why should he bet discouraged, having
tried only a few times and failed? He
made one last grand raliy against his
enemies and routed them, and from this
Incident came the old saying, "If at
first you don't succeed try again."
Lesson From the Past.
Chicago Tribune.
The woodman refused to spar th
tree.
"It stands right in the way of a
telephone line," he explained.
For he recognised the principle that
sentiment must stand aside when bis '
business wields the ax. ...