THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAX, PORTLAND, APRIL 14, 1913. J
- .
I, . .. .
FISHER SEES NEED
OF LARGE CAPITAL
Secretary Says Utilization of
Waterpovver Involves Mo
nopoly Features.
PRICE IS BASED ON FUEL
Rates Cannot lio Iofr Naturully,
and to Reducv Tliem hjr Statute
Would Ciive I'nfalr Advan
tage to Few Perxn.
OREOONIAN NEWS Bt'RKAL. tt'iih
Ington. April 13. It 1 evident from
the recent report submitted to the
President by Herbert Knox mlth.
Commissioner of Corporation.", that Mr.
t'mlth. U firmly of the opinion that
watr pofr kite remaining on the
public domain should be retained per
manently by the Government, and be
made to yield a material revenue. In
fart. Mr. Smith clearly expressed the
opinion that the only way to regulate
water power development In the fu
ture In to retain control of the remain
ing power sites. This Is the I'lnchot
Idea and Is another specific Instance
where the radical conservationists hove
undertaken to make, the natural re
sources heavy contributors to the Fed
eral treasury, through the Imposition
leases or rental".
A perusal of Mr. Smith's report dem
er.srrates one thing clearly: he has not
an intimate knowledge of water power
conditions In the Far West, where most
of the Governments power sltea are to
be found. This Is evidenced by -his
assertion that "the demand for power
considerably exceed that which can
be economically produced from water
In every considerable section of the
country."
raal rs)ls oted.
- It evidently has not occurred to Mr.
Smith that the. West, until conservation
tied up all known power sites on the
public domain, had far more power
than li could utilise. The statement
I'ist quoted Is certainly at variance
with another statement In Mr. Smith's
report, namely, that "approximately
41 pr cent of the total eetimated min
imum power of the country Is found
In California, oreson and Washington.
Addlna" to th's the power In Montana.
Wyoming and Idaho gtvee 60 per cent
of " the total minimum power In these
six states." Mr. Smith also quotes an
authority as saying that In Oregon.
Washington. California. New York and
Main there la a total of J4.000.000
horsepower, mostly undeveloped.
. Another interesline feature of Mr.
Smith's report Is his assertion tlist
"the price whl'-h can be chareed for
water powr can n!t exceed the price
at which fuel power can -be sold." And
yet on top of that assertion Mr. Smith
would" have the Federal Government
retain control of all power sites, to
prevent monopoly. The report of Mr.
Smith contains a Jtreat deal that will
prove, of Interest, and from It the fol
lowing extracts are taken:
Tin need of water power develop
ment la obvious. The non-use of lr
power means the dlmlnutt"n of our
otiier sources of power. The water
power now In use saves at least 53.
000.000 tons of coal annually.
Heavy luveataaeta Repaired.
"Prompt utilization Is therefore es
sential. But It mut be frankly rec
oantxed that the most efficient use of
water power requires a considerable
derre of unified control. Certain
highly monopolistic tendencies are In
herent In the water power Industry,
larsely centering around the expensive
fixVd Investment in transmission and
attributing lines.
"our public policy must recognlxe
both the n-ed for utilization and the
Jancers of monopolistic control and
lakevrf fectlve action on both. It must
lo rerosnUe the. close relation and
possible conflict between water pow
er, navigation and Irrigation.
"One Important fact must b empha
sized. The point at which such effect
ive public policy must be applied Is
the power site Itself. The public can
not be protected by any attempt to fix
by law the selling price of water power
by Itself. Nor can any such method
secure- for the public Its due share In
the natural resource. Fuel power will
substantially fix the price of all power,
because there Is practically no consid
erable area In the Cnlted Statea where
water power can supply the. entire de
mand for power. of course. water
power cannot be sold above, the price
of fuel power. On the other hand. If
the price of water power be fixed by
law below that of fuel power, not all
the, community. In most Instances, can
be served with the cheaper power, and
an unfair discrimination must result.
Method ef C ! niaewaaea.
"If we take water power by Itself,
tiiere Is. broadly speaking, but one ef
fective method of control. Insofar a
the power sites are still public prop
erty. The public can either develop
and operate the site, selling the energy
at market rates, or the public may
lease the sit at a rental fairly repre
senting Its natural value. In either rase
the public treasury will jet the profit
one to that natural value. There may
be certain exceptional Instances which
would Justify the outright sale, of pub
lic power sites. The rental system,
nowever. presents distinct advantages
foremost of all. that of retaining; In
the public banda the ultimate control
of the resource. Assured public control
Is peculiarly desirable, because, broadly
speaktna. water power la inexhaustible
and permanent, and therein differs
from almost all the other natural re
sources, which are expended In their
using.
"Whatever form of public action Is
taken, that action should be Immediate
first, to save our fuel by the use of
water power, and. second, because, our
remaining public water -powers are
fast passing Into private control, mak
ing regulation thereafter difficult."
Mr. Smith summarizes his view on
the water power question In the fol
lowing Untui;r:
"The power now required to oper
ate the Industrial enterprises and public-service
utilities of the country tex
cludlng iiam railroads) probably ex
ceeds J0.000.on0 horse-power. Approx
imately C.Oou.ooA horse-power are now
developed by water. It la certain that
several additional mllllona of horse
power could be profitably developed
from water, thus effecting a atlll fur
ther conservation of coal. It la ob
vious, therefore, that the early and
complete utilization of all commercial
ly available water power of the coun
try should be encouraged by every
proper rorans.
aa-lae la Real Waste.
"The real waste of water power la
Its uon-use. The most efficient utiliza
tion of such power, however, tends
directly toward concentration of con
trol, through advantages derived from
couplfitt-up' of sltea and markets, unl
fi.tion of storage and relationships
wl public-service corporations. The
prulle.n, then-lore, la to recou.-lls this
J necessity of full and early development
of water power with the proper pro
tection of the public
"It la aelf-evldent that the price
which can be charged for water ojwer
cannot exceed the price at which fuel
nowee on ha aold. On the Other h-l'ld.
, experience Indicates that the price of
water power will not oe materially
than thie fuel-power price. It m.gbl
be less If the supply of water power
were greater than the market could
assume. This, however, rarely happens.
Indeed, the Bureau's investigation Indi
cated that the demand for power con
siderably exceeds that which can be
economically produced from the water
In every section of the country. There
fore trte owner of the water power has
no need, except for the purpose of tem
porarily effecting an entrance into a
market, to reduce the price to a point
substantially below the price of fuel
power.
"L'nder these conditions it would be
Impracticable to attempt to force by
law the sale of water power, at a price
less than that of fuel power, since this
would result In favoring those con
sumers who obtained water power at
this lower price. Tiie benefits of water
power would thua merely be transferred
from a group of waterpower atock
liolders. to a group of water-power buy.
er Thus, even under nubile operation.
J t.ie. only equitable plan of price regu-
j Htlon would be to sell water power at
' substantially the same price as fuel
power.
Price Rearulallea Impractical.
"These conditions clearly demon
strate that it Is impracticable to regu
late the price of water power as an en
tirely separate and distinct thing, re
gardless or the price of fuel power.
There remains to be considered the
problem of obtaining for the public aa
a whole. Its proper share of the ad
vantages inherent in the naural re
source Itself This problem assumes
great Interest, because of the fact that
t.'icre Is still a large amount or uuuewi.
oped water power on the public domain,
chiefly in the National forests. A rough
estimate of such power places the total
at 14.0rt0.000 horsepower; the actual
total is probably somewhat less.
"If the power is developed by the
public and aold at the price of fuel
power, the public treasury will receive
the prortt arising therefrom. If. on the
other hand, private parties develop
and operate water powera the public can
still, by charging proper rental, secure
Its due share of the benefits inherent
in the resources.
"The important fact which the Bureau
desires to emphasize here. Is that the
one point which this right of the pub
lic can be exercised Is in the resource
itself, the power site, and not by any
attempt to regulate the price of power.
Thus, in the case of private operation of
water-power privileges, the Government
can . charge a rental for that right
commensurate with the natural, advan
tages of the power site. Such rental,
moreover, can be adjusted from time to
lime to Insure the public increaaed com
pensation to correspond to any Increase
In the value of the power site which
may arise from Increased settlement of
the country or other causes. In some
cases, of course, a lease without rental
charge might be desirable for a limited
I-ertod. In order to encourage devel
opment of Inferior sites, which other
wise might not be utilized."
CLOTHES FROM SEAWEED
Fiber of PoMdonla Australts, From
Southern eas.
Within the last few months there
has been perfected In England a method
for using the fiber of the Posidonla
australls. found In the Southern seas.
Samples were submitted by the Board
of Trade to a Manchester university
demonstrator, who experimented there
with and reported that the raw fiber
seemed to have fragments of sea debris
among It some seedlike objects and
very minute shells, which all rame
away In the process and the limp,
straggling nber. after treatment, was
soft, pliable, strong, much like wool
In Its disposition to curl and twist, and
easy to spin In Its raw state. It takes
dye well, except with respect to green,
when the result is usually cloudy. Also
It requires a mild bleach, to avoid mak
ing the nber tender.
It Is treated on long-fiber machines,
so that the varying lengths of the Poai
donla can be fully and lalrly taken up
In the silver or roving. Woolen spin
ners generally spin their fiber In an
i.lly state and afterwards get rid of
the oil. In the case of the new fiber
thla would Involve aome risk of damage.
It should be spun without oil.
When the fiber Is ready for spinning,
brushing or combing Is used rather
than the rougher process of deviling.
Brushing or combing gives Immediate
parallellzatlon of filaments, whereas
deviling Involves thorough breaking
up and dlslntegretlon of the fiber. After
the raw material has been treated for
two hours, plua the time of drying. It Is
ready for the spinners. One man can
prepare a ton a week.
The manufacturers say that the esti
mated cost of delivery and preparation
of the. raw material, ready for the spin
ner, is 3 cents f. o. b. and after spin
ning, weaving, and dyeing charges have
been added the finished fabric 52 Inches
wide, can be put on the market at 12
to 14 cents per yard.
FLY-DAY IN ONE TOWN
One Hundred Thousand Killed In
- an Ohio Town.
Woman's Home Companion.
Early in July. Ill. the newspaper
In our village tackled the fly problem
for thla community. At the outset it
was announced that on a certain day
the citizens would be asked to co-operate,
.with thla paper in "swatting the
fly." A local clothing concern co-operated
to the extent of distributing,
without any charge, wire fly "swat
ters." and on the day appointed S000
of them had been distributed.
Boys and girls were encouraged to
assist In riding the community of flies
by the offering of prises on the part of
thla concern, and when the day had
coma and gone, more than 100,000 flies
had been slain In Hamilton.
During the daya which preceded the
day designated, educational articles
were carried by the town paper. The
co-operation of the city authorities, and
especially the health officer, waa se
cured for "Fly day" and efforta were
put forth at that time looking to the
permanent cleaning tip of places where
flies could breed. "Fly day- In Hamil
ton was generally conceded to have
been very successful. There was no
effort made, of course, to absolutely
exterminate the fly. becauae such a re
sult waa realised to be out of the ques
tion, but this paper had as its aim.
simply, to give the people an Idea of
how far they could go In solving the
fly problem if they all got together
and worked to that one end.
. Both In the Same Boat.
National Monthly.
The new Swedish cook, who had
come Into the household during the
holidays, asked of her mistress:
"Where bane your son? I not seeing
hem 'round no more."
"My sin." replied the mistress, pride
fully. "Oh, he has gone hack to Yale.
I miss him dreadfully, though."
"Tas. I know yoost how you feel.
My broder. he bene In vail salx times
seence T'anksgaving."
The first trisl fr breach of protnlje ess
hei.i tn -.nf)jad during the rsiga of guttii
Elizabeth.
a .
Thinkin
of Furnit
lire
?
. Furniture has a lot to do with your comfort, and every
thing to do with your pride in your home. You will cer
tainly be judged by your furniture. Buy it carefully.
Here is the best way to buy it: In the first place, you
don't want furniture that will soon go to pieces, or furni
ture that is ugly or that look just like your neighbor's
furniture. Therefore, let us show you furniture that is
well made, correct in design, and exclusive.
SECOND Select from our immense stock pieces thas
are comfortable and handsome in themselves, and harmon
ize with your rooms.
THIRD Satisfy yourself that our prices are right (if
you are in doubt) by comparing them with what others ask.
We have earned the reputation of carrying more f urni
ture of the kind that every woman is proud to own than
any other house in the Northwest. Naturally, you would
prefer to buy this furniture if the prices are no higher
than you are asked for the other kind.
All WE ask is a chance to help you make a comparison.
Fifth and Stark
3
G. 'MACK &
CO.
Fifth and Stark
BOLO TALKS THRILL
Lectures on Marriage by Fa
mous Prelate Enjoyed.
WILFUL BACHELORS RAKED
Speaker Criticise Divorce Apologist
More Than Advocate and Dwells
on the Many Happy Feat
ures, of Married Life.
PARIS. April 13. Fashionable Paris
la following with Intense Interest the
lectures of Mgr. Bolo. at the Salle
Gaveau. on the risks of marriage. The
subect Is a thrilling one. Judging from
the way the lecture hall Is crowded, and
houra before the lecture begins no
more seats are to be had.
Mgr. Bolo Is the Father Vauglian
of France. He has been giving these
lectures once a fortnight since last
Januarv. and people who would not
have dreamt of going to a cold, awe
Inspiring church, have been eager to
hire a stall In a comfortable concert
hail with electric light and upholstered
armchairs. Mgr. Bolo believes in pro
gress. He has sought out the fashion
able world In its own haunts, and the
fashionable world Is grateful to him.
Ha also lays aside the rigid severity of
theology and dogma as It Is preached
tn the pulpit. He prefers to speak In a
hall, because here he can treat of mun
dane things In a mundane way. He
can take the part of the mild critic,
the genteel artist, and meet philoso
phers, lawgivers and "litterateurs", on
their own ground. He can speak of
marriage and divorce In the same-language
as Is sometimes used by play
wrights and authors.
Dealing with marriage and lis risks.
Mgr. Bolo makes terrific onslaughts on
wilful bachelors, and the young women
Ilka to hear them. He tells bachelors
Just what young women think of. them,
and says it fearlessly from behind a
desk In a quiet lecture-room. A bache
lor is one-quarter wise and three-quarters
coward, he has no faith In mar
riage because he has no longer faith
In anything except his own selfish
ness. Ha Is opposed to marriage until
he aees a profit In It. The beat part
of the lecture thla week was on divorce.
The speaker did not criticise It so much
as he criticised the apologists of di
vorce. The fact that husbands and
wives separata is sad enough. It is far
worse to find apologists of that sepa
ration: the advocates of divorce, said
the lecturer, seem to believe that rea
son Is beat replaced by noise. One of
them he quoted aa saylag that a wed
ding march always seemed like a war
march. "If married- couples some
times have difficulties, these are only
trifles. Quarrels between husband and
wife are never bo aerious as people try
to make out." He pictured the exas
perated spouse throwing up her hands
and screaming that she could stand It
no longer, that It la better for her to
die. "Then." answers the husband. "It
Is better for me to die also." The
quarrel Is immediately made up when
the wife hears this. "No." she says,
"neither of ns must die." and she
throws herself Into her husband's
arms.
Mgr. Bolo has no respect for divorce
apologists who advocate free unions.
It Is often more difficult to separate
an unmarried couple than a married
one. He read tragic reports every day
of how the unmarried tried to - sepa
rate. They seemed to have no other
resource than the knife, the revolver,
or vitriol. By trying to save some holy
water these freely-united couples split
a lot of blood. Next he attacked the
fsmous phrase In Iltersture and the
theater." "Vlvre sa vie." living one's life.
The phrase is sbaurd. A person who
wants to live only his or her life Is
ilk the player of the trombone In an
orchestra, who, when all the other in
struments are playing a soft, subdued
air, fjoes mad and blown his instrument
for all he is worth. Life for each In
dividual Is good only because we can
live In society. If tl-.e whole object of
It Is made to separate us from those
to whom we are bound by every natu
ral and sacred tie. we destroy all the
benefits of life. The Apaches, as well
ns all thieves, murderers, and scoun
drels, want to live their own life. The
principle of "everyone living for him
self is more nonsense.
The lecturer amused his audience by
Informing It that If 'America has Its
divorce states, France has her divorce
magistrates. A Parisian authority, at
a recent congress of lawyers, mentioned
a magistrate who had in one day grant
ed li decrees of divorce. The next
time, the same magistrate signed at a
single slttlnjr. 242 decrees, and his rec
ord was reached on Iecember 15. 188.
when. In the space of four hours, he
signed 294 decrees of divorce. That
magistrate, he thought, must have
imagined that he was in the midst of
carnival, and that divorce could be dis
tributed as freely aa confetti. Those
who continued to say that divorce was
not yet easy enough must be difficult
to please. -
WOMAN OF THE FUTURE
She AVI1I Be the World Housekeeper,
Says a New Prophet.
William Hard In "The Women of "To
morrow." The world housekeeper that is the
future woman. What I mean is that
the unique province of the woman of
the future will be the thousand
and one unremuneratlve Jobs of
civilization. She will. of course,
marry and fulfil her household duties
toward her husband and her children.
But modern housekeeping and modern
schools give her in many cases large
relief from home cares and a certain
amount of leisure, especially aa she
grows older. This leisure makes It
possible for her to be a much more
active cltlsen than her husband. She
has much mora time than he to work
for or aerve on the school board, the
board of health, the water commis
sion, the milk commission, the factory
or tenement-house Inspection depart
ment. After a while In these and
kindred fields of public housekeeping,
there will be developed a system of
"part-time" Jobs in which hundreds of
thousands of married women can find
a distinctly useful and a distinctly
feminine occupation for several hours
each day. Ultimately these "part
time" Jobs -will carry salaries with
them, but In the meantime, although
they are unremuneratlve. they are at
tracting multitudes of earnest women
and they are showing us that outside
the home, as well as Inside it, we need
a housekeeping touch which only
women can give.
Of course. I think women should
vote. They have accomplished a great
deal without the ballot, but they will
be more reasonable and more helpful
when they have the ballot than they
are now.
' As to the domestic relations of the
ultra-modern or future couple, perhaps
the best way to test a man's civilisa
tion isvthe kind of woman with whom
he can find happiness. If It Is neces
sary to a man's happiness that his
wife's life should be absorbed into his
own (and then It is often forgotten by
him) he had better get married now.
Tne woman of the future will have
a life of her own. and a continuing
personality of her own, and that fact,
to the man of the future, win keep
the man of the future awake. There
will be fewer husbands who, having
caught the car. think they don t have
to do any more running.
NEW OIL MONOPOLY DUE
Germans Said to Contemplate Con
verting Industry to State.
BERLIX, April 13. (Special.) There
are circumstantial reports that (ha
German Government seriously contem
plates the establishment of a state mo
nopoly of petroleum, with a view to
piovidlng fresh revenue tor ureaa
noughts and other "national" purposes.
The only official Intimation is that
recently (nd in the Reichstag by Dr.
pel b ruck. Imperial Secretary of the In
terior, who said that the government
"might" find It desirable to convert
several Industries now In private hands
into state monopolies. The newspa
pers amplify thla cryptic Ministerial
utterance by stating that the Chancel
lor of the Exchequer, Herr Wermuth.
actually has plans and specifications In
hand for nationalising the oil trade.
At present the trade Is practically in
the hands of the Standard Oil Company.
Mr. Rockefeller's "combine" works In
Germany through aeveral branch com
panies, ostensibly German, but actually
American owned, and by means of a
splendidly organised scheme of dls-
trlbutlon controls the German market
almost completely. It Is estimated that
the government might derive an an
nual revenue of $15,000,000 from a pe
troleum monopoly.
STATESMAN GETS MEDAL
M. dc Freycinct at Age of 8 4 Hon
ored as Soldier.
PARIS. April 13. (Special.) M. de
Kreyclnet, who has been many times
Prime Minister. Minister of Foreign Af
fairs, and Minister of War. is the first
eminent French statesman to accept
the simple medal of a soldier, at the
ago of 84. Parliament voted a law last
year conferring a special commemora
tive medal on all the combatants of
1870-71. or those who in any way took
an active part in the campaign.
M. de Freycinet was 42 at the time
of the war, and acted as delegate of
the Government of the National De
fense at Tours. M. Mlllerand, the pres
ent ailnister of War, went In person to
the home of M. de Freycint to hand
him the diploma of the medal in the
name of the Government.
"While the per capita consumption of t-a
In the United Slates Is about stationary.
that of coflVn Is r.TPldly im-reasing.
We Portland Hotel
offers to Its patrons every convenience and luxury
of a modern guest-house. Newly decorated through
out; many new and charming suites arranged.
"gfe Dining-Roorh
and Grill
excel In the refined beauty 'of their appointments.
You will be delighted with the excellence of the
cuisine snd with the perfect service that obtains.
0
a
This evening a concert will be rendered In the
hotel lobby from 8:15 to 10:16. Orchestral music
n the grill every evening during tne week.
Direct entrance to the grill on Seventh street:
Irect entrance to both grill and uining-room on
Morrison street.
G. J, K.UFMA.VX, Jllu.
I!
f
The
GrEAt
Ame
BALL BEARING
LAWN MOWER
A BALL-BEARING MOWER THAT ISN'T BUILT
RIGHT SOON GETS OUT OF ORDER. THE
GREAT AMERICAN IS NOT ONLY BUILT
RIGHT, BUT IT'S BUILT TO STAY RIGHT. IT
HAS PERFECT DUSTPROOF CUPS AND CONES
AND IS ADJUSTED WITH THE ACCURACY OF
A BICYCLE AND IS THE EASIEST-RUNNING
MOWER ON THE MARKET. IF YOU WANT A
HIGH-GRADE MOWER, BUY THE GREAT
AMERICAN.
PENNSYLVANIA
BALL-BEARING LAWN-TRIMMER
IS JUST THE THING TO TRIM UP THE RAG
GED EDGES OF FLOWER BEDS AFTER THE
LAWN MOWER HAS DONE ITS WORK. YOU
CAN CUT THE GRASS WITHIN HALF AN INCH
OF THE FENCE OR WALL AND DO IT QUICK
LY AND EASILY. SAVES TIME AND BACK
ACHES. GARDEN TOOLS
GARDEN HOSE
GARDEN STICKS
POULTRY NETTING
WINDOW SCREENS AND SCREEN DOORS
HONEYMAN HARDWARE CO,
. Fourth and Alder Streets. .'' -