TITE SUNDAY OHEGOMAX. . TORTLAXD, APRIL 7. 1913.
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TIIR II. M.NDAV. ATRIl. 7. !
WH4.T ARE THE ROOSEVELT POUCIKS?
What r? the Roosevelt policies?
TV know what they were a few years
ago. bit what are they now? They
have changed o much that. If they
continue to change, we shall need a
j early or monthly, perhaps weekly
butltln to keep us pouted on the lat
est revision.
Four years ago we all knew what
they were: Prosecution or tne Daa
trusts regulation of railroad", con-
rvatlon. anti-race suicide, revival of
rountry life, the square deal. Taft has
been prosecuting the trusts, regulating;
the railroad, conserving the re
sources. Riving the square deal though
not getting It. but not worrying about
the output of babies or paying close
attention to the life of the farmer.
His conduct In neglecting these last
two policies may be reprehensible, but
really there were so many Roosevelt
policies and he has continued the
other, so faithfully that he may fairly
be forgiven for thesi minor tins of
neglect.
But now we are offered a new 'set
of Roosevelt policies and if we do not
subscribe to them we are condemned
to outer darkness as reactionaries.
There Is the recall of Judges when
their decisions are at variance with
the Hoosevelt conception of what the
law onght lo bo; there Is the recall
of judicial decisions when they conflict
with the Roosevelt Idea of what the
constitution ought to mean: there are
the initiative and referendum. AH
'aVse new Ideas Roosevelt says should
V applied to state affairs only, so
. n hat they can have M do with a
residential campaign Is not easy to
comprehend. Then there la the rule
ef the people, as distinguished from
the rule of 15.000.000 voters, whom
Taft describe as a representative part
of the people, but; whom Roosevelt
escribes with many lurid adjectives
. the bosses.
These are the Roosevelt policies of
'HI!, but who can tell what will be
the Rooa-evelt policies of 1S1 J and suc
ceeding years? Their kaleidoscopic
rhancea keep ti In one continuous
thrill of suspense, hope or dread.
WHO BLOCKS TARUT WIHON?
The present Democratic position on
the wool tariff la as Indcfenaible as the
pres-ent duties of schedule K. What
ever excu.-e for the Underwood bill
riftei during the speclul session of
Congress has been removed by the re
port of the tariff board. Any plea
which might then have been made
that any reduced duties were better
than the rates of the Payne-Aldrich
law and that therefore It was better
to make a reduction slightly too great
or slightly too small than to make
none at all was deprived of Its force
a soon as the board reported. Con
gress from that time had accurate ln
lormation on which to base Its action.
. This report proved the I'nderwood
hilt unscientific, whether Judged from
the protection or revenue-only stand
point. To pass the same bill again
was to persist stubltornly In a course
proved to be wrong.
Nor can the Democrats escape by
the plea that they had disapproved of
the tariff board and had never given
any cause to expect that they would
W guided by its reports. They had
agitated for the tariff board and had
oted for Its creation. Their whole
tourse for several years has bound
them to follow the policy to which
President Taft stanns committed.
Their refusal to follow that policy
brands them as partisan seekers of
political advantage and bereft of re
gard for the people's interest.
The Democrats need not hope to
bamboozle the voters Into the belief
that they will get any relief from the
tactions of the present Indefensible
schedule K by the passage of the Un
lerwood bllL They know, as every
man knows who has watched events
for the last year, that that bill will
never become law. Cince Taft -etoed
It before the tariff board's report fur
nlfhed material for an equitable, sci
entific wool tariff, how much more
surely will he veto It after the board
has proved It to be both inequitable
snd unscientific? The net result of
. the Ieniocrats' action Is to saddle
upon the country for at least another
ear the exorbitant duties of the pres.
ert law and to keep the wool Indus
try in a state of doubt and demorali
sation when the way lay open for
thrm to reductions as would command
the approval of the President and give
Immediate relief.
It ls the Democrats who now ob
rtrnct tariff revision. The only pos
sible hopo of securing It at this ses
sion lie In the passage of the bill re
ported by the Republican minority of
the wars and means committee. That
bill Is drawn In strict conformity with
the findings of fact and recommenda
tions of the tariff board. It reduces
the duty on raw wool from about 58
per cent to an average of 3S.I1 per
cent, based on scoured wool Instead
of wool In the grease. It reduces to
less than 1 per cent the duty on carpet
v on!, when actually used In making
i a r pots by providing a rebate of 99
per cent. The duty on carpets Is cut
from Hi to 30 per cent, while the
ltemocratlc bill provides duties rang
ing from !5 to 50 percent. The duties
on cloth and other .manufactures of
ool are reduced by a provision limit
ing the compensatory duty to the
actual wool contents, while the
j.reeent law Imposes duty on the
.entire weight. The duties are thus
reduced to the difference between
American and Torelgn cost. All the
Jokers are cut out. Including the dis
crimination aghlnst carded wool In
favor of worsted.
The Republicans ty this bill have
proved their readiness to revise down
ward to an enormous degree the Inde
fensible schedule K. Their bill Is
based on facts ascertained by the
method approved by the Democrats
prior to the extra session of 1911. By
allowing it to become law the Demo
crats would give the consumers the
relief which they profesi such deep
anxiety to give. By rejecting It the
Democrats will prove that the only
ratlonat hope of securing tariff revi
sion lies In the re-election of Taft and
In the election, of a t'ongTess which
will work hand-ln-hand with him In
carrying" out his policy of scientific
revision.
NOTHING NEW.
The sun rises In the east and sets
In the west every day. The day fol
lows the night and the night the day.
History repeats Itself. The lory of
man man's life, msn's love, man's
ambition, man's disappointment la
the same In all aces and among all
civilisations. There ls nothing new.
The , following passage from the
"Life and Times of Cavour" by Wil
liam Roscoe Thayer, has a peculiar
pertinence In Its significant relation to
a momentous current event:
A sraat atataaman In actlpaa Is too oftan
either a danaar to hlo country or a d
alroyer of hta own fama. Tha world will
not n foraot tna an Try aprtacle of tha
dethroned Rlamarca: tha Titan who had
Itttrd the German emptra out of tha earth
and noma it for yoara aloft on hla
shoulders apendlns hla last years In euralns
the jnera man who overthrow him. ery
Hffrnt th dlanlty of his icreat forarun
nr. stein: vary different tha fruitful retire
ment of Jaff'raon and John Qulnry Adama.
and tha not-le disdain- of Turot. happy
Minbuu. haDDT I'ltt. whom prematura
death apared tha supreme teat ahlch too
often shows patriotism to bo subordlnata to
aelf-lova.
One vear ago or April 8. 1911
Theodore Roosevelt at Spokane. In his
great swing around the circle, made a
speech In which he made remarks
that are fit to be quoted In connection
with Historian Thayer's poignant com
ment on great statesmen In the
shadow. They were:
I am not an aspirant for ttnythlng berauaa
I hava had everything. I am ahead of the
rtme. Po man ailva naa nan aa noon a
run for hla money aa I hava had. Ba-
cauaa of my llfo In tho West. I waa not
only able to becoma Prealdent of tha I'nlted
Statra. but to do tha thlnsa whlf-h In my
mind mado it worth while belna; Prealdent.
When I left the Prealdaney I made up my
mind that when tha opportunity offered.
after my return from Africa. 1 ahould try to
viait each aectlon. and aa nearly aa poaaioie
avery atate In tna lnlon. to irt.i wi
people, to endeavor to show tnam my w
lief, that t'.ia man who had been a Prealdent
of the I'nlted htatea la forerer after tha
debtor of the American people.
Colonel Roosevelt thus wrote finis
to his own career. But there is a
sequel.
1119 Tt'BLIC RECORD.
"Why." asks a persistent critic of
The Oregonlan. "why does not The
Oregonlan try to beat Mr. Bourne-on
hi public record?" The Intimation
Is. of course, that The Oregonlan ha
Invaded the forbidden field of Senator
Bourne's private life In Its search for
material to be used against him. The
Oregonlan Invites this captious and
sneering fault-flndcr to scan The Ore
gonlan's columns diligently for any
thing in the way of censure this paper
hus to say, or may have said, that has
to do with Bourne's private record, or
even his public record prior to his
election to the Senate In 1906. The
Issue as to Bourne now is not the
events of his career in Oregon before
his Senatorial term began. The Ore
gonlan has resumed that the people
of the state condoned rhem . or at
least agreed to Ignore them by their
election of Mr. Bourne to the Senate
when they had full knowledge of all
the facts about him.
But It Js pitiful to say that tho pres.
ent ow nership by Mr. Bourne In whole
o- In part of certain New Kngland cot
ton mills has no proper place In any
discussion of his campaign for re
election: or If It has that Mr. Bourne
ls merely the president of the cotton
mills and does not control their opera
tion. It Is fair, and It ls even neces
sary, to consider the relation of any
public man In his public capacity to his
own private Interest. Mr. Bourne us
Senator, professing benevolent senti
ments toward the common people and
a whole-hearted Interest In thoir wel
fare, and Mr. Bourne, the cotton-mill
owner, employing In tl.elr operation
the cheapest, most miserable and most
degraded labor to be found anywhere,
are not separate entitles. Mr. Bourne
a.-, Senator, voting for a high tariff on
cotton fabrics, and Mr. Bourne as
cotton-mill owner deriving a large
revenue from a factory directly ben
efited by the tariff he as Senator up
holds, are not 'different persons.
If Mr. Bourne cjt president of the
cotton mills, has no voice In their op
pressive policy toward labor, he ought
to resign and decline to take his fat
dividends from them
If the many people and the numer
ous newspapers of Oregon who think
Mr. Bourne ought to be retired from
office are to be confined to considera
tion of Mr. Bourne on hla merits as
Senator and they cheerfully and
even enthusiastically accept the lim
itation the supporters cf Mr. Bourne
ought also to appeal to the public on
the basis of service rendered and re
sults accomplished, first, for the state
whlch'he represents, and second, for
the political party which directly and
solely brought about his election.
FAIL! RK OF PROPORTION' AI. PLAN.
The partial disfranchising of voters
In the election of delegates to the Na
tional convention aa inflicted by the
Oregon Presidential primary law Is
supposed to have been the idea of Mr.
W. S. ITRen. It ls a form of "propor
tional representation." In a somewhat
different way, but carrjlng out the
same theory. Mr. ITRen would apply
the proportional plan In electing leg
islators In the proposed cabinet form
of Government. "Proportional rep
resentation" In theory Rives the minor,
ity representation In elected councils
in exact proportion to the minority's
voting strength. In practice, as will
be revealed by a glance at tho official
nominating ballot, the plan as applied
to selecting delegates Is a total failure.
There are eighteen aspirants for the
ten positions as delegates to the Re
publican National convention. Kach
elector may vote for one of the eigh
teen and only one. The successful
delegate will have been Instructed by
the preferential vote to support Taft,
La Kollette or Roosevelt as the case
may be. Kach delegate will make
oath that he will "to the best of his
Judgment and ability faithfully carry
out the wishes of his political party
as expressed by its voters."
But it was the theory of the framers
of the law that the. choice of the Ore
gon voters for President might! find
his candidacy In the National conven
tion hopeless. When released by him,
or deserted in the exercise of the dele
gate's "judgment." the delegate would
then express his personal preference
for President. Here was where "pro
portional representation" was to exert
It beneficent influence. The Oregon
voters were supposed to know what
were the personal preferences of the
delegates. In theory it ought to result
in such a way that if fifty per cent of
the voters favored Taft. thirty per
cent La Follette and twenty per cent
Roosevelt, five Taft delegates, three
La Kollette and two Roosevelt dele
gates would be elected.
But. alas for proportional represen
tation! The candidates for delegates
have failed, with but few exceptions,
to Indicate their personal preferences.
af the eighteen candidates twelve give
no Intimation whatever as to whom
they will support In the event Oregon's
choice for President 1s defeated; two
declare themselves for Taft; two are
for Roosevelt: two Indicate Indecision
between Roosevelt and La Kollette
which ought to be highly satisfactory
to the Insurgent element which ls now
quarreMng over the Identity of the
real, dyed-ln-the-wool Insurgent can
didate. ,
With ten to elect and twelve out of
the eighteen candidates for delegate
possessing preferences unknown to the
voters the "proportional" scheme can
only result In disfranchisement of the
voters nothing more.
Really It waa unkind of the dele
gates not to enter Into the spirit of
Mr. ITRen's experiment, yet it was not
a surprise. " The wide-open primary
has resulted in a subordination of po
litical principles and party politics.
Men seekTifnce on the strength of per
sonal popularity. There are no Is-sues
except those offered by Individual rep
utations, characteristics or affiliations.
Good character and intelligence, it ls
true, are prime essentials but they
are Vt the only constituent principles
of fitness for ofllce. We shall elect
John Doe delegate to the National
convention because he ls John Doe and
for no other reason. Mr. ITRen's more
elaborate scheme of proportional rep
resentation In the Legislature would
work out the same w-ay.
THE RISEN 8AV10R.
In the end of the Sabbath as It be
gan to dawn toward the first day. of
the week. Mary Magdeleno came to
the sepulcher with Mary, tha mother
of Jesus, and Salome, to anoint the
Savior's body with sweet spices. Weep
ing with helpless love at the foot of
the cross they had seen him die. They
had followed his broken body to the
tomb and now when they thought the
Roman guards might have gone and
the hatred of his enemies left his
wasted form in peace, they came with
tireless fidelity to shed their last tears
In the eepulcher and mingle the fra
grance of precious spices with the
sweeter fragrance of their love. But
Jesus was not there. In the gloom of
the sepulcher Mary, bending down to
enter, saw a youug man sitting on
the right side, the side where the sol
dier's spear had pierced the Savior's
body, clothed In a long white gar
ment. The women were afraid, but the
young man comforted them. "Fear
not." he said, "for I know that ye
seek Jesus which was crucified. He
ls not there, for he has risen, as he
said." and he showed them the place
where the Lord had lain.
Departing from the sepulcher "with
fear and great Joy," to tell the disciples
what they had seen and heard, the
women were met on the way by the
risen Lord, who gave them a message
to his disciples. "Go tell my breth
ren that they go into Galilee and there
they shall see me." The eleven
disciples went away Into Galilee and
there Jesus appeared to them on the
mountain and gave them his final
message. "Go ye into all the world and
preach the gospel to every creature."
Kver since that day the followers of
Jesus have been doing their best to
obey his command, the last one he ut
tered befor he vanished from mortal
eyes. What he meant by "the gospel"
he did not eay, nor was It necessary
that he should, for they- knew per
fectly welL It was the story of his
life and teachings, the story of hla
death and above all else, the wonder
of his faith In the coming of the
kingdom. The glory of his vision of
the kingdom shed light and Joy over
the Savior's earthly life. In the still
night watches he formed impassioned
dreams of its unlmagined beauty.
Withdrawn from the disciples to
desert solitudes, he talked to them of
the slew time and new life. .
One day as ho traveled through
Galilee the multitudes gathered about
him so numerously that he went up
Into a mountain In order that hla voice
might reach them all and told them
how human society would be ordered
In the kingdom. It shall belong to
the poor In spirit, he told them. He
meant that its rulers should be the
plain people of the earth, not the am
bitious, the proud, the arrogant. Lin
coln caught the Savior's thought bet
ter than any other modern and ex
pressed It In his care for the welfare
of the "common man." This was the
man whom Jesus loved and who, as
he taught the multitude, was to pos
sess the kingdom. Then he went on
to depict a little of Its Joy. They that
mourn shall be comforted in the
kingdom. There shall be no more
needless sorrow. Untimely death,
sickness that need not have been,
cruelty. Injustice, all the woeful cir
cumstances which drove Burns to
sing pathetically that "man was made
to mourn." there shall be none of
these things In the kingdom, for the
former things will have passed away
and eyes dim with weeping shall at
last be dry. Blessed are they that
mourn for they shall be comforted.
And blessed are the meek for when
the kingdom comes they shall inherit
the earth. It shall not be the cun
ning then, the voracious, the preda
tory and heartless who will seize and
enjoy the good things which the labor
of mankind produces, but even the
meek shall have their share. The
world will be so changed that virtue
shall lead to happiness instead of
misery. It will not be a reproach in
the kingdom to call a man "Innocent."
for innocence will not Imply poverty
and failure. The greatest of all in
tho new time will bo the servants of
all. to borrow the Lord's own words,
and the tone of life will be that of lit
tle children. All will be peaceful, sim
ple, confiding. "Suffer the little chil
dren to come unto me. for of such."
said he, "Is the kingdom." What need
will there be of statute books and
jails when love ls the fulfilling of the
law. as Paul told us It should be?
What need of lawyers when he that
Is sued for his coat makes haste to
give his c'oak also? What need of
banks and iron safes when men have
ceased to lay up treasures on earth,
where moth and rust doth corrupt,
and think only of laying- up heavenly
treasure, the gold and Jewels of
brotherly kindness, which are incor
ruptible and fade not away and which
no thief can steal?
In the kingdom righteousness shHll
flow like rivers, the merciful shall
obtain mercy, not betrayal. The pure
in heart shall see God, the peace
makers shall be called his children,
the highest of all titles of honor, and
they which have been persecuted for
righteousness' sake shall come into
their own and reign with the meek
and the poor in spirit. Then Jesua
went on to tell the multitude what they
miut do to bring the kingdom to pass.
They must resist not evil. Smitten
on the right cheek they must turn
the other also. "Ixrve your enemies.
Bless them that curse yon. Take no
thought for the morrow, for the mor
row shall take thought for the things
of Itself. Judge not that ye be not
Judged. Beware of false prophets
which como to you In sheep's clothing
but Inwardly they are . ravening
wolves." And It came to pass that
when JeMis had ended these sayings
the people were astonished at his doc
trines, and no wonder for the like
never had been heard in this world
before. He spoke as never man had
spoken in all history.
Like a grain fallen into the ground
his teaching has slowly germinated.
Sometimes it ljas seemed dead but the
life never has quite foryaken It. Se
cretly it has taken root and put forth
branches. Even more Justly we may
liken it to the little leaven, as Paul
does, which, only give it time enough,
leaveneth the whole lump. Today we
see Jesus' concept of the kingdom
working In the world as it never has
worked before. Precepts of his which
men once looked at askance as coun
sels of Impossible perfection are be
ing preached as rules for us all to
live and trade by. His Ideal of human
society is at last coming1 Into its own.
It is the only possible, the only suc
cessful ideal. All others fail as fast
as they are tried. His alone remains
imperishable. It grows, it expands.
It conquers. It Is permeating the
whole world and -subjecting all na
tions to the law of love.
THE DODKFAI.L OF SOCIETV.
No doubt there are circumstances
which justify the rather depressing
prospects which the Rev. E. H. Ben
nett sees for the future of the country.
With the strikes Which are raging
here, there and everywhere, the nu
merous murders which are committed
and seldom punished, and the wild
language which one hears on -the
streets, certainly a clergyman Is excus.
able for thinking that the downfall
of our institutions is at hand. Mr.
Bennett expresses this apprehension in
strong language. "A deluge of crime,
anarchy and dissipation will sweep
over the country' before half a century
has passed," he said at the ministers'
meeting on Monday, "unless something
be done to check the oncoming' tide of
sensuality, licentiousness, appetite,
disregard for the .word of God, the
church of God and the Sabbath of
God, and before this century ls passed
we shall face a condition which will
mean the destruction of our institu
tions." That there Is a substantial basis for
Mr. Bennett's fears nobody can deny.
Perhaps he colors the picture a little
more darkly than the facts really re
quire, but that ls a mere detail. Moral
conditions are bad. and a remedy is re
quired. Thus much is admitted and
we shall not quarrel over the exact de
gree of the badness.
The remedy which Mr. Bennett pro
poses Is Interesting. He says that
things will go from bad to worse un
less "the. Bible be taught In the public
schools and ministers be allowed to
give moral Instruction In the public
schools." The first thought which oc
curs to one on reading- this ls that In
former times the Bible was taught in
the schools by ministers and that in
those days ther Jeremiahs said even
worse things than Mr. Bennett does
about moral conditions. The speedy
downfall of society has always been
predicted unless each particular doc
tor's remedy was applied to it, but it
Is singular to observe how ineffectual
these remedies have usually been.
Poor old society goes on falling cen
tury after century, but after all It
manages to get higher and higher.
Who will explain this mystery?
Ministers who talk about teaching the
Bible In the public schools overlook
many obvious difficulties. What ver
sion of the Bible shall be selected?
What shall be done with the children
of men who do not believe In the
Bible? Have they no rights? If It is
to be taught by clergymen, what de
nomination shall have the preference?
Which creed shall be taken for the
true one? These are a few of the
questions which must be answered be
fore we shall be able to teach the
Bible In the public schools In peace
and love. Would It not be better on
the whole to seek to teach morals by
some other means?
RIDDING THE LAND OF DISEASE.
Dr. Rupert Blue will always be
known on the Pacific Coast as the
man who forestalled bubonic plague
in San Francisco by killing the rats.
In his new office of Surgeon-General
of the United States he proposes to
continue this campaign by making
war on all rodents and insects that
are great carriers of disease.
The strongest testimony to the ef
ficacy of Dr. Blue's methods is the
contrast between the reception accord
ed him in San Francisco on his two
visits to that city to fight the plague.
When he was first sent there in 1899
the people and the officials opposed
his measures and only after Pardee
became Governor could he secure co
operation. The plague then prevailed
In Chinatown, all except eight of 121
cases having been Chinamen. He
made Chinatown rat-proof by cutting
out all woodwork In basements and
substituting concrete and by wiring
all openings near tho ground. By
killing the rats and shutting them out
of tho buildings he had killed the
plague by Februarj-, 1904. The dis
ease broke out again In September,
1907. Then the Mayor and officials
sent for him and gave him hearty co
operation. The soundness of his the
ory that the epidemic could be stopped
only by rat-proofing- the buildings was
proved by the fact that Chinatown was
now Immune and that the plague was
In other parts of the city. He rat
proofed the whole city, trapped and
poisoned the rats and cut off their
food supply by securing severe penal
ties against throwing garbage in al
leys and elsewhere. By January, 1908,
the plague had again disappeared.
But two cases of bubonic plague
were traced to infected ground squir
rels In other parts of the state and he
extended the work. As squirrels live
in the ofien, concrete cannot be used
against them, so he made a campaign
in seventeen counties of California,
exterminating the infected squirrels
and warning people against handling
or eating such animals. The danger
of infection from squirrels is greater
than that from rats, for they might
carry the disease across the Sierras
into the interior.
. Dr. Blue killed yellow fever in New
Orleans by destroying the mosquitoes.
By his work in that city and San
Francisco he justified this opinion he
expressed in an interview in the
Worlds Work:
My grateat ambition is to clean up tha
t'nlted. Ptatea. Were every building; rat
proof, there would be no plasuea and much
l.-sa dl-a.sc. I look forward to the day
when the good housekeeper will feel that
It Is aa much of a disgrace to have mos
quitoes and fllea In the houfe a it la to
have bedhuga. When that tlm coinen. dis
ease In the United States will be reduced
one-third.
Dr. Blue ls making war on all forms
of epidemic disease typhoid, tuber
culosis, leprosy, pellagra, hookworm.
He is studying pollution of rivers, dis
posal of garbage and sewage, pure
milk and all subjects bearing on the
public health. He is hampered by
restrictions on the Federal power, but
he is working In co-operation with
state and local officials with the end
In view which he thus expresses:
I ahould" like to feel that soon the wholo
rountry will know that the greatest agents
of dlaeaae in the world are rats, mice and
rodenta of all description, aa well as flies
and mosquHoea and other similar insect.
My war will be upon all this tribe, and it
will ba unrelenting.
Til K 80l"NT SHIPPING POIJCV.
At last CongTess is coming to its
senses on our shipping policy. The
House committee on merchant marine
haj reported a bill admitting to Amer
ican register foreign-built ships owned
by Americans and engaged in foreign
trade. The committee in its report
frankly confesses the failure of the
present policy of restriction, as shown
by the facts that in fifty-one years the
value of ships .under the American
flag has decreased 44 per cent, while
that of ships under foreign flags has
Increased 1084 per cent, and that
more than 91 per cent of our foreign
commerce ls carried in foreign ships.
As our shipbuilders admit that it costs
40 per cent more to build, ships at
home than abroad and as the mail
subsidies, which have amounted to
more than ,25,000,000 since 1891,
have Induced the building of vessels
of but 103,749 gross tons, there are
only two alternatives either to grant
subsidies large enough to offset the 40
per cent additional cost or to buy for
eign ships.
The American people have ex
pressed their opposition to subsidies so
frequently and so positively that, aside
from the merits of the question, it is
impossible to secure even a small sub
sidy, much less one large enough to
offset a 40 per cent difference in cost.
Then the only alternative, if we are
to have a merchant marine equal to
our needs, ls to buy foreign ships and
admit them to American register.
Our experience, like that of Britain
and Germany, has confirmed the truth
of the old saying: "Trade follows the
flag." While the expansion of British
and German foreign trade has been in
close proportion to that of their mer
chant marine, our foreign trade has
been cramped by the annual shrinkage
in our merchant marine. We have
learned that we cannot hold our place
in the world's markets unless our
goods are carried in our own ships
ships owned by Americans, whether
built In America or not.
This fact is borne in upon our minds
at a time when two conditions im
peratively demand that we act upon
it and divest our minds of all idea
that we can create a merchant marine
by artificial means. One of these con
ditions ls the expansion of our indus
tries to the point where the home
market ls insufficient to consume all
their products and where we must
overflow into foreign lands If our fac
tories are to be kept In full operation.
The other condition is that we are
about to complete. In the Panama
Canal, the greatest aid to commerce
the world has seen. Unless we wish
to become the laughing-stock of the
world as a nation which has spent
1400,000.000 on a canal of which we
shall be the smallest users, we must
buy foreign ships and sail them under
our flag.
ALBERT SYDNEY JOHNSTON.
It is believed by many that if Al
bert Sydney Johnston had had an hour
or two moro of daylight on the day of
the battle of Shiloh he would have
completed his victory and forced Grant
to surrender. This may be true, for
to make the best of it, the Union
troops were in a dangerous situation
at dark on April 6 and but little more
would have been required to throw
them into irreparable disorder. But
we may concede all this without agree
ing 4hat Johnston would have com
pleted his victory the next morning If
he had not been killed on the field of
Shiloh. Before the dawn of April 7
Grant had been heavily reinforced by
Lew Wallace and a large contingent
from Buell. so that he was able to out
number the Confederates and, more
Important still, perhaps, he wa3 ready
for the combat. He had been taken
by surprise on Sunday, but on Monday
he was on the alert and fully intended
to have resumed the battle whether
Johnston survived or not. There is
little doubt, that Grant, when he was
really exercising his faculties, was as
good a general as Johnston, and inas
much as he had the advantage of num
bers and position, we cannot rationally
suppose that he would have been de
feated. However that may be. it Is admitted
by all writers that Johnston's death
was an Immense loss to the Confeder
acy. At the time of the " battle of
Shiloh his reputation was somewhat
clouded among the people of the
South, but he retained the full confi
dence of Jefferson Davis and had he
lived he would very likely have been
able to retrieve the past by balking
Grant's efforts to penetrate to Vicks
burg and complete the opening of the
Mississippi. At any rate, he was the
only Southern commander in the West
who had the slightest chance of win
ning against Grant and Sherman. Very
soon after Shiloh tho timorous and
indecisive Beauregard evacuated Cor
inth and left the way open for Grant's
advance. This Johnston would not
have done. He was an unfortunate
man toward the close of his life, but
nobodj' has ever accused him of hesi
tancy or bad Judgment at a critical
moment.
When the plan of attacking at
Shiloh was under debate at Corinth,
Beauregard counseled delay. The mo
ment for surprising Grant had slipped
away, he argued, and, therefore, noth
ing should be done but to remain
where they were and fortify their po
sition. Johnston decided the matter
by ordering an attack for the next
morning. "I would do it," he said, "if
Grant had a million men." Such was
his anxiety to win a great, decisive
battle and retrieve his clouded fame.
The cause of Johnston's unpopularity
at this time was his loss of the de
fensive line in Kentucky at the be
ginning of tho year. This was not his
fault, but, as he wrote to Jefferson
Davis, in warfare the only test of merit
is success and he had not been success
ful. Thomas had won at Mill Creek
against superior numbers and, owing
to the wretched incapacity of Floyd
and Pillow, Grant had gained a com
paratively easy victory at Fort Don
elson. For all this, Johnston was
blamed because he was the commander-in-chief
and, therefore, tech
nically responsible for whatever hap
pened. Like a good many other Confederate
Generals, Albert Sydney Johnston was
a man of lofty character who fought
against the Union because he loved his
state better than his country. It was
expected at Washington when the war
broke out that he would remain loyal
and'a high command was in readiness
for htm. That he would choose the
Union side was all the more probable
since Texas, where he resided, was not
his native state. It , was natural
enough that Lee should set his fealty
to Virginia above every other consid
eration because he was born there and
all his family and friends were asso
ciated with Virginia soil. But since
Johnston was born in Kentucky and
was more than 30 years old when he
finally migrated to Texas, the reasons
for his determined loyalty to that state
were not so apparent. Still there were
reasons. In the Texan war for inde
pendence. Johnston fought valiantly
against Mexico, first as a volunteer
and than as an officer of rank, so that
his associations with the state and its
people became numerous and dear.
Again, in the Mexican war he com
manded a regiment of Texas volun
teers. We can understand, therefore,
how it was that .when the moment
came for decisive choice, he cast in his
lot with the state where he lived.
Jefferson Davis looked upon John
ston as the most promising General
of the Confederacy. The misfortunes
which foHowed upon his collision with
Grant in Kentucky did not impair
Davis' faith in him. He stood by his
chosen commander with the same in
flexible confidence which Lincoln re
posed in Grant and it mast be con
fessed that, at that time, he had far
better reasons. The faith wheh in
Lincoln we must ascribe to something
like despair, had in Davis substantial
grounds. Grant had done little or
nothing; for many years before the
Civil War. Johnson's years were full
of achievement. He had been entrust
ed with many perilous duties and had
more than met expectations in every
instance. He was particularly success
ful in settling the difficulties between
the Government and the Mormons In
1857. These fanatics, after fleeing
from intolerable persecution in Illinois
and Iowa, had irrigated the Utah
desert and built prosperous homes so
far away from neighbors that they
supposed they never would be molest
ed again. But the discovery of gold in
California set the tide of emigration
flowing past their doors and naturally
they tried to resist it. The result Was
trouble, first with the nioneers and
then with the Government, until some
thing like open rebellion existed in
Utah. Johnston was sent out to quiet
the disturbance and he conducted his
mission with judgment so unerring
and courage so adequate that peace
was restored without bloodshed.
This shows the quality of the man
Brave to excess in emergencies, a great
master of military strategy, wi.se in
council and self-sacrificing in misfor
tune, he served the cause he had
chosen up to the moment of his death
and left it with no man to fill his
place. The irrecoverable decline of
the Confederate fortunes In the West
dates from Johnston's death at Shiloh
In declaring- war on old bachelors
the Boston women are performing an
obvious but long-neglected duty. They
truly say of thi3 obnoxious creature
that "ho dodges, squirms and evades
his duties to society. That he is In
competent to fill public office follows
as a matter of course and the Boston
Women intend hereafter to see to it
that he is kept In his proper sphere.
In addition to the many other fine
qualities for which Francois Xavier
Matthieu has been rewarded with 91
happy years of life is his apprecia
tion of women. He- has believed In
woman's suffrage for 70 years, he
says, ever since he came to Oregon.
A faith which can persist so long In
such a man must have pretty solid
foundations.
"Results not words" appears on the
ballot after the name of Calvin U.
Gantenbein, candidate for Congress.
Some of his opponents in the race
could honestly use the same motto,
by applying it backwards.
Even if Suspect Roberts proves to
be the wanton auto murderer he
needn't fear speedy retribution. In
deed, even if convictel, he might get
about again in a year or so as an
"honor man."
According to press dispatches trains
and ships are awaiting to transport
immense armies to Texas or some
place or other. These dispatches
would be more easily credited If we
had an army to transport.
Down in Utah smallpox patients will
nj longer be kept in quarantine. Since
the Government has effectually done
away with polygamy possibly the Mor
mons don't care much what happens.
If charges of exceeding: the speed
limit are pressed against that rail
road company the prosecuting- officer
might do well to insist on a judge and
jury that has not patronized the line.
"Portland Leads the Coast" reads a
headline. But a sense of disappoint
ment follows when we read that it's
only the bank clearings and not the
ball team.
Newspapermen treat Congress as a
joke, complains Senator Heyburn. It's
really a shame that those Washington
correspondents have a sense of humor.
It's a sad season for candidates.
They are terribly interested in their
campaign while the public is equally
absorbed in ball scores.
The name of Major Quevedo in the
press reports from Mexican battles
comes something a9 a shock. We
thought they were all Generals.
Even if it does rain today gratitude
will be felt by at least a portion of the
feminine populace.
Oregon will be spieled to a finish
during the fortnight.
It would seem that Easter has gone
to the ladies' heads.
Registered T
Scraps and Jingles
Leone Caan Bae
Motto for yesterday, "Hat, irink and
be merry, for tomorrow ye may dye."
a
Every little Kaster lias eggs-cite-ment
all its own.
a
"Actress says she wauls to ride ir
an airship." yells V headline risins
to the occasion as it were.
a a
Read of a wine called the "Katis
Pearl." Suppose it's of tlie vintage
Cleopatra.
a
yiy Dream.
Unto tlie heights to climb, ,
A step another, .
Day by day.
And when I've gained the top
To wear upon my brow
Bright leaves of hay,
And yet hold fast the bitter-sweet
I've gathered on my way.
a a
Rose Bloch Bauer believes in hered
ity to such an extent that one of her
pupils whose pa is a grocer is watched
very closely when she gets to the
scales.
a a a
My One Wish,
I do not envy others' fame.
For clothes I io not pine.
I do not want to chanse my name,
And if circumstances do combine
To any fate I'll quick resign
And easy niakn the best of that.
All 1 ask, oh, brightest sliine.
Is an electric-lighted hat.
Some souls crave paintings, others aim
To collect jewels superfine.
Rarest rugrs or volumes old.
Music to otliers is divine.
But I don't care, 1 still stand pat.
The only thins on earth 1 want
Is - an electric-liglited hut.
a a a
Tramp showed up at an advertised
muslcale because the advertisements
said that the music was intoxicating-,
a a a
Local judsc says that marriage
stands for much. How much? And of
what?
a 0
I've got a scheme: When lovers writ.
And tell me that "love grows apace."
I save the slushy, mushy lines
And file them in a nice safe place.
I cultivate their ardent slop
And beg for more with smiling grace.
On beaux T lay no silent spell.
But let them pen me all their fears,
I catalogue the tender lines,
Their rhapsodies of love and tears,
I like new stuff, and up-to-date
The erotic style of modern years.
And lest one note should go astray
I make two copies of each one.
And neatly file them all away,
(I'm making hay while shines ths
sun),
No matter who writes rot to mr.
I cull anil prune and cast out none.
L'envoi.
Hear then ye mutts who write me notes
About the "little love god blind,"
Write often and In mushiest vein.
For I've a publisher in mind.
a a a
"I wouldn't wed the best man living.'
cried a girl and her suitor said h
didn't call that any obstacle to her
marriage with liim.
a a a
It's a wise man who sends a woman
22 rosebuds on her 41st birthday,
a a a
Miss Calamity Step-and-fetch-it. the
cultured, etc., lady poet from Kansas,
writes of Her aspirations in a lit'ry
way. She calls this ballad
Terrible Ambitious.
I have a series in my head.
Of stories thrillinu to the core:
Some are of the tear-soaked kind.
Some your peace will quick restore.
One will bring your smiles galore,
So though my mood is dull or bright.
Each day I sit and think up
A lot of things on which to write.
Oft my female spirit nnconrrneo
Bows right 'at Ma Nature's door.
The muses tie ine up with rope
And poetry's vials into nie pour;
To grand realms up high I soar.
And when I reach a diazy height
I can almost sing my head off.
Thinking various things to write.
I make countless poems in my head
And love tales by the score,
And plays, oh, my! I've wrote a bunch
And musjc comedies 3 or 4.
It's queer lny brain ain't quite out wort
But my future's awful bright.
Because I've got stored up in me
Loads of things on which to write.
a a a
xTnt(, Not one joke about sackcloth
and ashes, the devil br the Easter hat
mars this column today.
Four of a Kind
By Dean Collins.
It was before election day.
We stood beside the polished bar.
And he desired a silver fizz,
And I desired a blacK cigar:
l. , .,i at .flh with longing eve.
And each one murmured: Who will
buy?"
We pondered o'er the problem deep.
And thought upon the rolling dice;
We thought of matching coins to see
Irtblch one was stuc xo pay ine
price,
inri rinallv he looked at me
And said "I have a bright idee."
He in his pocket plunged his hand.
Where he had nunareu cams or so.
Given by gentle candidates.
With friendly tip: "V oie inus, you
know."
He held up five in manner bland.
And said: "Go on and bet your hand."
I In my pocket plunged my hand,
Where, I had cards the same as iifl.
And in the draw perceived I held
Two coroners and sheriffs three.
I gave a low, triumphant cough,
And said: "Bet on! The ro9t is off."
Vain were the hopes I entertained
That he was stuck for tno cigar.
He smiled a broad, triumphant smile
And laid four judges on tne Dar.
Twa. thus a. cooilly use we found
For cards the candidates pass round.
Portland. April t.
Flowers to Send, If Any.
Cleveland Plain Dealer.
r,ni. iipar old Uncle William is
dead!" cried the niece-in-law, weeping
racefully.
"Yes the fine old scout has. passed ir,
at last."
"When do they read the will?
Whv. not until after the funeral, ot
course. Why do you ask?"
"Because I think that s a silly cus
om. The will should be read before
the funeral."
"But why?"
"So the relatives can tell what sort
of flowers to send. If any."
Call for Mr. Van Winkle!
New York Satire.
Rip Van Winkle sat up and yawnrd.
"What the deuce did yon fellow-i
wake me for, anyhow?" he demanded.
"We want you on the jury."