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About The Sunday Oregonian. (Portland, Ore.) 1881-current | View Entire Issue (July 9, 1911)
THE SUNDAY OREGONTAN', PORTLAND, JULY 9, .1011. CHERRY TREE MENACE MAY BE CHECKED Aricolttiral Collar Experiment Station Studying Method of Flhtin ."Cherry Gummosia Which Is Said to Bo Most Destructive of All Troubles Affecting Cherry Industry in Oregon. Nicoll, The Tailor Great Reduction Sale KEEPING OUR TAILORS BUSY isisili Suit and Extra Trousers for the Price of Suit Alone. $25.00 to 4S.bo Ends of bolts, just enough for Suit, or Coat and Vest, or Trousers, at cost of material and making. COME EARLY AND SECURE FIRST CHOICE "We're reducing stock for stock taking. ; NO TROUBLE TO SHOW GOODS Patlnfarrtlon cuarantied in all caaes. Garment to order in a day if required, full dress and tux-do suits a pec laity. & 11111 nL-..rT- - so 3" zr'i :,n ; .v.; -.! Av -:-- 7-; n. ' VV 1 f -y-:. 'i r- JMr ! ' S f'i - - ' ' " . -.rv.i r- -. ntv.u J -:rvv x:f tV-CV;F" f t V. .V ' K ' 'V'- 'i-i- iV.--- m:. ';'"';.'J . v ( $r v Wii4 v - " -c 's'r?. vrj. f ' - ss rv ' , Ik . : " V- r vM'tkv , III . " v Ly - ri 2 lb? : . - HI ' - - fj r.- :Jti.C'if-t'-' ;;.;, ;-'v- . r,ir- 'ifflvHtiM - -.r u VJS ORKGON AGRICL'LiTlTIlAJ-. COL IGii Corvallts. Or.. July S (Special.) "Cherry gummoei. tfast terror to cherry-growers, is being1 'made the subject of an exhaustive tndy by the plant pathology experts of tie Oregon Agricultural College ex periment station, and. although they hare not been at work very long, their results thus far are sufficient to en courage th b-llcf that ultimately sot only the causes of the dread disease, but tlx necessary cures as a ell. will be LLsooverJ. Resitting th Importance and Inter eat of the subject to the cherry orch ' ard growers of th state at this time, ' T. 1. Griffin, research assistant In ' plant pathology at the college, has consented to give a preliminary re port of his Investigation which he Is conducting regarding the causes and cures of the disease. "The diseased condition of cherry trees, commonly called "gunimosls. is the most destructive of all the troubles ' affecting the cherry Industry In Ore ; gon." said Mr. Griffin. "No chrrry- growing section of the state is entire ; It free from the disease, but it Is in t the more humtd climate west of the ' Cascade Mountains that eummojlj has r become a menace to the growing of cherries. nisca.- Id Grave. "Garomoels has ranseJ the loss of a great many tree." In the rust, and many orchards originally planted to cherrees now contain few. If any. So seriously ' Is the disease regarded that many peo ; pie are hesitating to plant cherries, 1 although good profits are realized In raising the fruit for the canneries. ; With the advent of pre-cooltnr and the perfection of the pitting machine, both ' of which will extend the markets for the rreen and dried fruit, the growers profits will be doubled or tripled, and If a remedy for this great drawback to the Industry can be found. Oregon will become as famous for cherries as she has for her other fruits. "The departments of plant pathology and horticulture of the Oregon experi ment station have been conducting an Investigation regarding the cause and cure of "cherry vummoels.' The In vestigation Is not completed, but enough Information concerning the prevention of the disease has been ob tained to Justify the encouragement of the growing of the sweet cherry If certain soil and cultural requirements be observed. "The sour cherries are only slightly affected by gummosia. Nearly ail of the sweet cherries, however, are sus ceptible to the disease this being es pecially true of the Itlgarreau type, al though the Blng and Lambert, which, with the Royal Ann. are dependable commercial varieties, when growing under the seme conditions are appar ently as badly diseased. "OummHli may be called a disease, although the gummy exudation which characterise the trouble is simply the external sign or symptom of a patho logical condition of tha plant. Tha gum originates through tha liquida tion cf tha cell walls of abnormal m b Tronic wood cells and tha transforma tion of tha plastio substances that -should he utilised In tha normal sec ondary thickening of these cells. The -..nf nature of the beginning of the -u-dsnais".iao. aid. tae-pAfr cl the stimulus that induces the trans formation Is Imperfectly understood. It Is certain, however, that the stimulus that Incites the carabloi tissues to tha formation of the predisposed cells is caused by some unfavorable or Irritat ing factor of environment. Hence, if gummosls Is to be prevented, the un favorable factors of environment must ba sought for and removed. Cam Exuded In Spring. "Cherry gummosls Is characterised by the more or less copious exudation of gum from the trunk, branches of fruit spurs. Beads of gum may be forced from the ends of blighted buds. Th gum may make Its appearance during any season of the year, but It is most prevalent in Spring. The first lndlca tlon of gummosls Is usually the smooth. glistening and often pustulated appear ance of the bark, although the gum masses may find free exit to the sur face and not accumulate in blisters. "Two forms of gummosls may be dis tinguished on the cherry in this state, one being localised in extent of In- Jury, while in th other more general ized form, the greater part of the trunk or branch may be affected, and the diseased area not be sharply defined. In the localised form when the buds or spurs are Involved, and the disease ex tends Into the branch or body, the af fected tissues are limited to rather sharply defined areas surrounding th blighted buds or spurs. In another lo calized form th disease Is apparently limited to the immediate vicinity of the crotch. . "Msny various and often conflicting theories have been advanced to explain the cause of cherry gummosls. Gum ming In the cherry, as In the other stone fruits, may be Induced by wound ing or result from the attacks of in sects or fungi, but Its cause has been attributed to unfavorable climatic and soil conditions more often than to any other factor of environment. "It has been noted In the Willamette Valley, as far back as 1S5J. that when warm periods In late Winter or early Fprtng were followed by freezing weather, gummosls was especially abundant. - This association of extremes of temperature with gummosts has been noted by many orcnardlsts who natur ally considered it as cause and effect. The fact, however, that the disease ap pears every season, especially in the localized form, in orchards of varying locations, will not permit us to at tribute every appearance of gummosls to frost Injury. Soil Is Factor. "Unfavorable soli conditions un doubtedly favor gummosia and it has been noted In many orchards that th trees growing In shallow soli or In poorly-drained locations are mora sub ject to th disease than those1 mora , favorably situated. Tha fact, again, that gummosls occurs In orchards growing in deep, well-drained, and ap parently the best of cherry soil, makes us seek still other explanations for the causal factors. "The condition known as- 'sun-scald Is often accompanied by gumming. This Is most destructive In young, high headed trees, which are often girdled by tha diseased tissues encircling th trunks. Wounds caused by. pruning or cultivation will often produce gum. but th extent of such Injuries ordinarily Is not serious. "Gummosls has been ascribed to cultivation or fertilisation of the ox chard, but experience has demonstrated that the cherry, like tha other trea fruits, demands both of the cultural treatments, and no harm, will result if the tree is encouraged properly to mature Its wood. "Insects may Induce gum flow, as Is shown by that resulting from the at tacks of borers. That due to insect Injury, however, is sporadic and easily controlled. "Various fungi have produced gum ming in the cherry In other oonntrtes and places. No fungus has been de scribed as causing cherry gummosls In this state, although the nature of at least two fungi which appear rather constantly on diseased trees Is now being Investigated by this station. A disease of sweet cherries In Germany, which affects trees In a manner similar to these here, and which, like our disease here, was attributed to frost and soil conditions, was finally proved to ba caused by a fungus. This fungus, however, could not attack healthy trees, being semi -parasitic and only obtaining a foothold on trees weakened through frost injury or unfavorable soil conditions. Having established itself as a saprophyte, the fungus would then eneroech upon the sound tissues and cause their destruction. Bacteria Work Harmfully. "A bacterial disease of cherries has been described, from both France and Germany, as Inducing gummosls In th cherry. Bacteria are known to cause a localised form of gummosls on tha cherry In Oregon. Kecent Investiga tions I have made proved conclusively that a great deal. If not all, of the fruit and bud spur blight common some sea sons in many orchards is caused by a bacillus. The manner of attack of this parasite and control measures have, as yet, net bean satlcfaotorily worked out- ' "No certain cure for cherry gum mosls Is known. Many growers advo cate th cutting out of tha diseased tissues as well as the longitudinal slit ting of the bark of th trunk and larger limbs. The efficiency of the latter method Is largely problematical, as most growers have followed no- ya L tematic method of cutting out and in the cases observed It had little or no effect In stopping the disease. Cutting out the diseased tissue, however. Is a good sanitary practice, as it will at least prevent wound-Infesting organ isms from getting established. All tis sue thus removed stfbuld be burned. and the wounds washed with a disin fectant. "The most certain practice or method for preventing summosls Is the use of resistant varieties and stocks. At the present time all of the dependable com merclal varieties grown are subject to the disease, the Royal Alines and Blngs apparently being more affected than the Lamberts. It Is reasonable to hope that horticulturists, by breeding and selection, will establish resistant strains of these varieties. If some new sweet cherry resistant to gummosls, having tha good qualities of the others mentioned, is not introduced. Mode of Care Shown. "By the topworklng of resistant stocks, gummosls can best be prevent ed. Two stocks are commonly used for DroDaratlng sweet cherries, the Ma- haleb. and the Mazxard. Prunus Ma- haleb Is a species distinct from the sweet varieties, and, as a wild seedling. Is native to Europe. Tha Mazzard is a wild, black seedling, olosely related to tha oultivaled sweet varieties, and Is found growing wild In the Eastern United States, although originally av native of Europe. "Experience has proved that the Mas sard Is the better stock for the culti vated sweet cherries, but as the treea are budded low In the nursery the main body and orotch of tha tree Is of wood susceptible to gummosls. It has been found that the Mazzard fs Immune, or nearly so. to gummosls and as the seed lings will form straight, smooth-bodied trees, which can be headed low or high, as desired. If tha limbs of these seed lings be budded or grafted, the dis ease Is eliminated from the body of the tree. The branches of the seedlings can be either budded or grafted. The best method is to plant the seedlings in the orchard In the same manner as or dinary nursery stock, and when three years old, insert buds of the desired varieties into the branches about 15 to SO Inches above tha crotch. Graft ing usually results In rougher unions than budding, out win give gooa re sults if well done. "Th branches resulting from such top worked trees may become affected later, but at the worst, the disease will result In tha loss of a branch Instead of tha ioea- of the- entire tree; and raw , rw branches can be started if one becomes diseased, by inserting another bud or scion in the seedling branch. "Care.should be used In. the selection of stocks and scions. Many growers have mistakenly planted seedlings grown from sweet cherry pits or have transplanted the seedlings that appear under uncultivated trees, thinking they were Mazzards. This results, of course In having the body of the tree com posed of wood susceptible to gummosls. Tha buds or scions should be obtained from trees free from gummosls. "No one should hesitate to plant sweet cherries on a commercial scale because of gummosls, providing he has good soil and will plan resistant stocks on which to topwork his desired vari eties." PERSONALMENTION. E. A. Welch, of Medford, was at the Imperial yesterday. J. Henry Wallace, of Vancouver, B. C, Is at the Bowers. Mr. and Mrs. H. W. Gwlnn, of Wasco, are at the Cornelius. - George W. Wright, an attorney of Albany, is at the Imperial. A. G. Alllngham. a merchant of Frlneville, Is at the Perkins. Rev. Adolph Ruppe, of Astoria, Is registered at the Cornelius. E. P. Noonan and family, of Astoria; are registered at the Imperial. Mr. and Mrs. L. D. Firebaugh. of Hood River, are at the Bowers. John Lambert. a manufacturers' agent of Seattle, is at the Bowers. H. S. Gila, a Salem commission mer chant, was at the Imperial yesterday. Mr. and Mrs. U. B. Johnston, of Rose- burg, are registered! at the Imperial. Mr. and Mrs. J. G. Earl, of Hood River, are registered at the Imperial. Mr. and Mrs. E. C. Truesdell, of Cen tralis were at the Perkins yesterday. Percy P. Brush, a prominent Kelso at torney, was a Portland visitor yesterday. E. B. Hogue. of Sllverton, was among yesterday's arrivals at the Cornelius. Frank A. Moore, of Walla "Walla, Wash., registered at the Oregon yes terday. 3. T. Hayden. a merchant of Walla Walla, "Wash, registered at the Oregon yesterday. Charles H. Gloss, a merchant of Cor- vallis, was registered at the Perkins yesterday. George W. Warren, a prominent stockbreeder of Warrenton, accompa nied, by brother, 2. L. .Warren, f ( VILLIAM JERREM3' SONS 103 Third Street Astoria, was at the Portland yester day. George T. Gerllnger, a business man of Dallas, was registered at the Im perial yesterday. W. A. Williams, an attorney of For est Grove, was registered at the Im perial yesterday. Dr. and- Mrs. J. Earl Else, of Pull man, Wash., were registered yesterday at the Portland. ' M. T. O'Connell, a wealthy lumber man from Winlock. Wash. Is regis tered at the Oregon. P. L. Stewart. State Senator and banker of Kelso, Wash., was registered at the Oregon yesterday. A. C. Olds, a real estate dealer and insurance man of San Francisco, was at the Oregon yesterday. Mr. and Mrs.' J. W. Foster, of Cor "vallls, were In Portland yesterday.reg istering at the Imperial. B. K. Lawson, a merchant of Cot tage Grove, was in Portland yesterday. He registered at the Oregon. Mr. and Mrs. E. L. Howe, of Mosler, were registered at the Bowers yester day. Mr. Howe is a fruitgrower. C W. Nlbley, Jr.. manager of a beet sugar factory at La Grande, was reg istered at the Portland yesterday. Misses Ethel Dobbins and Marguerite Ellery left last night for Newport to remain on a two weeks' vacation. F. W. Settlemier, a prominent Marion County nurseryman, registered at the Oregon yesterday from Woodburn. John Rlseland, State Fish Commis sioner for the State of Washing-ton, was registered at the Oregon yesterday. Mr. and Mrs. Walter L. Tooze, of Falls City, are at the Imperial. Mr. Tooze Is a merchant In the Polk County town. Donald Beaton and sister. Miss EleanoT Beaton, of Chicago, were Port land visitors last week at the home of Dr. I. L. Tickner on East Fiftieth New Newspaper at Los Angeles Is Signal for Renewed Otis Conflict Belligerent Proprietor of Times Target for Tribune's Attack Suffragists in Anns Over Alleged Slur of Dean McCormick. BT R- M. WHITSET. LOS ANGELES. July 8. (Special.) Los Angeles has a new morning daily newspaper, owned and edited by Edwin T. Earl, millionaire owner of the Evening: Express. His news sheet Is known as the Tribune, and It won no little fame for Itself and Its owner by the rapidity with which it was or ganized after the Initial announce ment of Us establishment was made, two weeks ago. Karl had the circulation organization of his Evening Express to fall back upon, which fact helped materially In the formation. John Eliot, ex-AssocIat- ed Press representative here, and was ly Barr, formerly managing editor of the Los Angeles tieraia, pore tne our Ann nt the initial arrangements. Both of those men are experienced news DaDer men. The Tribune was born of the fight on General Harrison Grey Otis, owner of the Times, and of the official announce ment of his ownership 01 tne .tieraia. It Is understood that the fight on the General is to be to the death although whose death iff to result is not an nounced. Just what effect the Introduction of the Tribune will have on the local newspaper field remains to be seen. It appears probable, However, mat tne new paper will prove more or less of a Riiccesa. It Is sold for 1 cent, and that price is likely to be a big induce ment. Mayor Iissner Leaves Office. Llssner is gone from the halls where his dulcet voice was wont to rumble. No more is he head of the Public Util ities JJoard. "Cause why? 'Cause there Is no Public Utilities Board left. Llssner and his confederates resigned the other day and the Mayor, contrary to their expectation, did not implore them to come back. Not he. Instead he wrote: Your letter under date of 30th, in which you resigned as a member of the Board of Public Utilities, ' received and is accepted." The' truth of tne matter, as me wise ones among tne itoua Buveruiucui forces size it up, is that the Mayor in his fight for renominatlon and elec tion, can do without llssner. ine iai tar Is charged with endeavoring to make himself, through the office of the Roard of Public Utilities, an autocrat. His office already had become a bu reaucracy. Woman's Wrath Roused. Suffragists are much incensed and exercised over a statement Dy uean McCormack. of the Pro-Cathedral, be fore the Ministerial Association. He was quoted as saying that a "certain suffrage convert changed her views because the suffragists paid her more money than could the antisuffrage or ganization." in .r, ini letter to Dean McCor mack, Mrs. Elizabeth Strong asked tor an open apology. The protests wniun -cc. aroused by this statement ana oiner criticisms made by the antisuffragists to actions of the suffragists give evi dence that before November 10 there will be a bard, eerious struggle, in which. It is feared, personalities will often appear. Mrs. Strong, suffrage speaker, writ er, lecturer and who led the fight for better car service recently made by the residents of El Molino, feels that she Is. the "converted suffragist" re-. ferred to by Dean McCormack. About a fortnight ago, Detore tne Men's Society of the Pro-Cathedral, Mrs. Strong told how she had been converted to the belief In equal u- i street They are old friends of Mrs Tickner and visited here during tht Lewis and Clark Fair. E. B. Tongue, District Attorney fos the Fifth Judicial District, .was regis tered at the Imperial yesterday from Hillshoro. J. T. McChesney, a business man of Everett, arrived in Portland yesterday and joined his wife and daughter at , the Bowers. Mr. and Mrs. E. V. Carter, of Ash land, are registered at the Imperial. Mr, Carter la a prominent Southern Ore gon banker. Mrs. C. R. Parsons, wife of a real estate dealer, and Mrs. J. P. Growdon, of Spokane. Were registered at the BowerB yesterday. Fred Schafer, of Molalla, was at tha Perkins yesterday. As a contractor, Mr. Schafer furnishes the railroads of this state several thousand ties annually. Dr. and Mrs. D. C. Hawley, of 'Bur lington, N. Y.. and Dr. and Mrs. Samurt Vorhees and son. of Elmira, N. Y.. were) registered at the Bowers yesterday, j Mr. and Mrs. J. R. Harter, of Tilla mook, were registered yesterday at tha' Imperial. Mr. Harter is engaged In the real estate business af Tillamook. E. W. Farmer, clerk at the Perkinil Hotel, has returned from a two weeks' vacation spent in San Francisco. Mn Farmer was in the California metropo lis at the time of the recent earthquake. CHICAGO. July 8. (Special.) TK J, Gilmarttn, of Portland, Is at the Cono gress Hotel; Mr. and Mrs. G. C Peltotl are at the Brevoort. SAX FRANCISCO, July 8. (Special. ', The following Portland people an) registered at the Palace Hotel: Georgd B. Van Waters, William T. Foster, O. P. Clerin, Aphia I Dimick, Mrs. W. R. Smith, R. F. Barker, Mrs. Georg-e Beach. Other arrivals are: Miss W. F. Frantz. Hillsboro, Or.; W. J. Kerr, Corvallls. frage. and she has many times state! Fhe was offered money to speak fo( the antlsuffrasre cause previous to he( conversion. After an exciting 20-mile chas through the brush In the hills back ofi San Jacinto, immigration officers tha other day succeeded in capturing it Japanese and a contraband CJiiness coolie. The Japanese is believed ta be a member of an organization of Ori ental smugglers bringing Chines 9 coolies into this country from Mexicail via the "underground land route." ' Unable to use the water route, be cause of the orders to the military 1:1 Ensenada, the smugglers have resume! the dangerous land route, charging th9 contraband coolies iouble the usual rate for safe transportation from Mex, ico into the United States. The pricl per head via the land route has in th past been J250 a"d in some instancea $300. The price the contrabands ari now paying is $500 and even more. The resumption of the illicit trains by the land route was discovered b f Immigration Inspector Chadney, of th -j San Diego division, in the inspection o! a Southern Pacific train. He found it, contraband coolie wlchout papers in hiding and immediately placed him un der arrest. The Oriental was brough i to Los Angeles, where, through an in ' terpreter. he admitted to Chief In spector Charles T. Connell that he haa been smuggled into this country by. a Japanese in company with another coolie. Connell immediately ordered a sharp lookout maintained for the Japanes . and his charge. Inspector Nowlln picked up the trail nt Banning, where tha Japanese, fearing pursuit, had left the train with his charge and taken ta the hills north of the town. Imme diately an automobile filled with immi gration officers gave pursuit. The rough character of the country forced the officers to desert the automobila and follow the trail on foot. Many immigration officers in this district are trained to follow the trails left by smugglers and for more than 20 miles footprints of the Japanes and the Chinese were followed. Sev eral times during the search the offi cers approached the fugitives, only to be given the slip. The Japanese and the coolio were finally located In a small gully. The capture was easily accomplished. The Orientals were then brought back to the machine and then to Banning, where they were placed in Jail. INSTANT RELIEF t8 DEAF ACCEPT OUR OFFER TODAY If you ar deal or hard of hearing, do not Ia!I to call or '. , write today and get our Electrophone on 3 30 Days 8A i ."- V?S3 T-J erftti el f ,V Jf-JtH1' lng- de- tiny but pew- electrical hear vice, a trul wonderful little in tW- strument, perfected to such a degree tlia many deaf peopl can now hear th faintest Bound an, enjoy all pleasure of church, publli speaking or orainari conversation. I magnifies sound gradually restore! the natural hearing carried in the cioth. Ins and leaves botl The Electrophone In use almost Invisible hands free. Stolz Electrophone Co Dept. A Z30 Lumbermen bias.,. JJevt AJrortmoa