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Or
HOUSEFUES Are Far More Dangerous Than Rattlesnakes or
Beasts of Prey, and Carry Insidious Diseases to Unsuspecting
Human Victims-Board of Health Conducting Vigorous Campaign
for Elimination of
SHOCU a lloa or Uir eacap ti uiu
oni puitnt circus and ran at
larg ia th cty for a week, fright
ened mothers would watch their chil
dren with traloui car, the whole pop
ulace would be oo the alert every mln
unlte and greatest pesslbl car would
be taken to avoid the dancer of cora
ls c la contact with the beast.
Tt, Infinitely more menacing and
dangerous than a whole pack of lion
or tig are the ordinary little houee
Elti that are accepted la many homes
with resignation and altogether with
out alarm. The fact ha been tab
llshed that nMee kill more people every
year right here la Oregon, where) file
aren't particularly thick, than are
killed la the whole world by beasta of
prey.
So war baa beea declared by the
Ktate Board of Health upon theae
deadly peat. The careralKa la beins;
vlajorouely puahed under the direction
of Dr. Calrta S. White. Elate Health
Officer. By means of Illuetrated lec
ture and letters of warning thou
sands of people are btnr brouf ht to a
realisation of the manifold dangers
that lurk In a swarm of flies.
Laboratory Investigations conducted
by the State Board have served to sub
stantiate all that has been charged
against flies In pan years. It has been
found by a online trit that a fly com-
LIKE tnoet thlncs that are conducted
la the open and about which It Is
Impossible to discover anything
mysterious, the newspaper of today is
coming In for an effort to make It a
mvatary. sirs Mr. Felts, In Harper's
nVtkljr. Worthy persons talk darkly of
onva Insidious. Invisible "control f the
labor an.! socialistic sheets deride the
"capitalistic preae." and even clenrymen
deplore what ttey call "tendencies." At
the annual dinner of tho Periodical Pub
lishers' Association of America, held In
New Tork on January I W-l- Episco
pal Bishop of Mlchlsan, Dr. Williams, re
marked that "people In the country"
had lost confidence In the djt'.y rapers,
beltevlng them to b "under control."
I.Ike most crltli-s. be dM n.'t reveal the
"control." nor did he a'em to know that
"people In the country" consume but
limited quantities of dally newspapers.
The so-cUd country circulation of the
great city dallies S" to the suburban
area or U other cities and towns. There
are practically no mail aubh-rlbers. But
this, of course. Is not the main ques
tion. The aspersion ts one upon the
honor of the press. Use ail aperslone
It seems to come from opinions and not
from facts.
Some foe rile Charge.
The) critics who build up these opin
ion would not need to be taken sert
roaly but fr their persistent reitera
tions. The Japanese have a proverb ttst
where) on doc barks tn folly K. echo
It as a real alarm. Not Ion no I at
tended an "opllff meeting tn a crowded
vart of New Tork City, where the au
d 1 en- was forelsn-born and socialistic
In leanings. Several young men made
burning statements about the "con
trolled" press, based on "well-known"
facta :i of which proved to be vapor
Ins. At another meeting of a very
hl--c! literary club In Brooklyn a
lawver with wide public experience calm
ly charred that a great New York dally,
absolutely owned by one man. had ac
cepted pay for retortlna one of Robert
CI. Inset-soil's lectures, to the exclusion
of a feminine critic who wished to have
her remarks follow the report. Nothing
of the k'.nd ever did or could occur tn
the office of tale particular newspaper,
or. for that matter, any other published
In New Tork City: but this good msn.
who Is deerly relisious, nude the asser
tion with great emrhasls snd unction.
Now and then some col lee e professor
breaks loose ethically to condemn the
press and to assert that vital news facts
have been "suppressed." blandly Ignoring
the equally vital fact that If the "news'"
la question had been suppressed ha
never would rare heard of It.
Now. I think 1 can assert, without the
possibility of contradiction, that the suc
cessful nswspapers of America are those
owned by their proprietors. There are a
good many tombstones la the Journalis
tic cemetery that mark ths efforts of
some rich man or Interest to run a
aewspaper. Such a sheet aever yet ran
anywhere but i Into the ground. The
same ststsmeat can be made concerning
party orrana. There dors not exist to
day In America a single successful hsrd-and-fast
loyal party newspaper, while
the journals enjoying the wldeet circula
tion and greatest financial success are
independent, with Democratic lee lings.
b . ; ' I
i ';"'t;'v v- V & ' I
Jy i -t & I
'lLm-mmmmmmrmmmmmrTTKnrTTi mr'-"-irrrrnT'" "ir;
Pest in Oregon-How
lrtg la contact with typhoid oultures
will carry the polsoa awsy and after
a procsss of digestion that occupies
sevea or eight minutes, spread the
poison for a human victim.
File are busy carriers of typhoid,
of tuberculosis, or smallpox, of epi
demic aore eyes, of a majority of the
Bummer dysenteries, and they cause
suppurating wounds. The danger from
flies Is unending- and many deaths
every year are brought on through the
operations of these Insidious scaven
gers. To have a swarm of flies In the
house Is fully as dangerous as having
several rattlesnakes running about in
the place.
"But how are we going to keep the
files out?" Is the question that thou
sands of people ask.
And the answer Is not calculated to
make these people feel at esse with
themselves. For It Is a fact that flies
are not a necessity. They are to be
compared with buzzards. Where there
Is no carrion there are no buzzards;
where there Is no filth there are ao
flies. True, flies may Invade the clean
est home. But If they And no filth
they cannot remain to multiply.
Fllee multiply with marvelous rapid
ity. The flies of today are not the
flies of a month hence for a fly Is In
Its dotage at U days, while a fly 14 days
old may be compared to a human of
104 years so far as longevity Is con
cerned. New generations are develop
ing daily. The fly la In Ita prime when
14 houre old. Further than that the
greatest distance, a fly can travel on
Eren In proverbially Republican slates
or cities these papers have the lead.
Thla sort of constituency does not bow to
Interests." The political Independence
of el tie Is becoming marked. A city
constituency Is slert and wall Informed
and la not to be misled. A misleading
newspaper would quickly lose Its read
ers, and without readers all Is vain.
Tlonesty of the Presa.
How can a aewspaper deceive or mis
lead the public by what It openly prints
or advocatesT There la ao secrecy In
type and Ink! The story Is there, right
or wrong, true or false, and tha paper Is
responsible to th reader and the law!
In no occupation Is there such fierce
rivalry as In ths newspaper profession
and business. Th first effort at wrong
doing or deception would b savagely at
tacked or surely revealed. Th truth I
that nothing of th sort Is deliberately
resorted to In any newspaper that de
pen4e upon th publlo at large for its
circulation. Enthusiastic aoclaJistlo and
tabor prints do sometimes allow heat to
overwhelm tbelr sens of proportion, but
that Is th worst that can be said of
them: and as for th regulation newspa
per It can b hld guilty only for er
rors that creep In through haste or mis
take due to misinformation. The point
of view is also a factor In complaints.
Barely do two people se the same thing
alike. Yet the reporter must observe
for all his resdera. and as a au'.s h does
It with singular preclalon.
Not long ago a friend of mine made
an extended Journey In Mexico and re
mained some time at the capital city.
He said the queerest thing he dis
covered was the way In which extra
ordinary rumors srose and spread
throughout th town. Strang stories
of domestic derangements, duels, elope
ments and scandsls, that never could
live a day In New Tork. thrived be
cause of th close exclusion of such
matters from the press. In New Tork
the .oddities of human Imagination
would vanish before the hard fact that
no newspaper had carried any mention
of them. But Mexico City reveled In
their recital from tongue to tongue.
But, says th clitic th advertisers
dominate the newspapers. This la flat
ly untrue. Not only do they not domi
nate, but seldom or never try. In th
1? rears I have been employed on New
York newspapers, none of the three
publications where I worked was aver
"dominated" by any advertiser or ad
vertisers, and th requests for favors,
outside or mention of Spring and Fall
openings, were praotlcsUly nlL I know
of but on ease In which an advertiser
ventured to ask a favor politically, and
that not for himself but for a friend,
and wee publicly and sternly rebuked
by th newspaper to which he ap
pealed. During the If years In which
I hive passed upon th advertising bus
iness of th New Tork World I recall
but on organised effort on th part
of advertisers to Influence th paper.
Ther were a few excellent Brooklyn
business men who differed about a
rapid transit pro gramma, la which thsy
were not Interested financially except
so far as they shared th common bene
fit. Th paper was unyielding, and It
lost some business.
Out of th 10 -odd large advertisers
In New Tork I recall bat two requests
to Get Rid of the Flies
' 'J-Syf' '' iWaiiawl I ilah-lii l "M .V.:l- " . I ' " - "
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.jecuvs 3LeTv-
Its own wings Is 300 feet, so It hss been
ascertained. The greatest height at
which It can thrive Is 109 feet abova
the surfnee of the earth. That's the,
reason flies are seldom If ever found
In the upper stories of big ..business
buildings.
Oregon pioneers remember when
there were no flies In Oregon at all.
Succeeding emigrant trains brought
the pest, however, some unsanitary
outfit carrying a whole breeding col
ony of flies, no doubt. Trains and
vehicles are also carriers of flies.
Breeding Places for Files.
While an occasional fly wanders In
to a place of wholesome surroundings
It never breeds except In tilth. The
most proline place Is a stable. One
pound of manure furnishes moisture
and nourishment enough for the hatch
ing of 1200 flies. They also And fertile
hatching places In badly .kept garbage
cans, la kitchen refuse. In old paper
to which food baa clung. In anything,
la short, that Is not clean.
While mankind, realizing the dan
gers of the pest. Is becoming the great
est enemy of the fly. It has several nat
ural enemies. The principal one Is a
tiny red mite, empusa muscae, which
appears In September and slays flies
by the thousands. Wasps and spiders
also do away with many flies.
Wiping out the pest altogether seems
a task Impossible to perform, at least
so long as unsanitary places exist. One
female fly lays from 100 to too eggs, a
0t
imp
11
for th suppression of news which
could be credited to the head of the
house: one was to save the good name
of a friend, and the other not to unduly
display a tragedy. Neither request was
granted. In th latter case two morn
ing pspers out of the seven In New
Tork did oblige, but th rest were not
Influenced In any manner.
Last year th World's net advertis
ing revenue was I1.I2S.000. not one
penny's worth of which came In through
any other consideration than value as
an advertising medium pur and sim
ple. Daring th II years I have been
with the paper Joseph Pulltizer. the
proprietor and director, has sternly In
sisted that th papers policy must nev
er turn as much as a hairs' breadth
In favor of any privet Interest under
th sun not even his own! The only
thought has been: How can we make
the paper better and more Independent?
I do not recite this boastfully or to
asvum that newspapers are superhu
man, but to clear the name of both th
advertisers snd the newspspers.
As for what Is called the influencing
of the press by the "Interests." mean
ing the financial group, nothing could
be more absurd. When the World ex
posed the Insursnce scandals tn New
Tork It was heralded that thee "In
terests" were Immune because they
were large advertisers. Primarily they
were not large advertisers. They only
pretended to be. "Advertising" con
cesled a corruption fund, none of which
reached th press. A letter of vsrnlng
of legal consequences from the attor
neys of the New York IJfe Insurance
Company was th only note of protest
that ever reached those In authority
In th office.
Vse) of Press Agents.
It Is true that many men cherish tha
notion that It Is desirable to "have the
press with us," because they do try to
gain support and go about It in a
curious and amusing wsy. Clever men
learned that It was wiser to treat the
reporter decently and tell him th facts
than to throw him out to struggle with
Ignorance and conjecture, and this
evolved the press-agent, who blossomed
Ilk th rote, until th newspapers
themselves became aghast at th flood
of "free" material from all sources that
poured Into their waste-baskets. Sev
oral years ago the American Newspaper
Publishers Association took steps to
curb what had become an enormous
effort to secure publicity not only
without expense to the seeker beyond
th salary of hts Ingenious agent, but
to stop the bad moral effect of men
selling something they did not own,
backed by a battery of scrap-books
showing how carefully they had con
cealed th pill from the editorial eye
and bow successfully they had "got
away with the goods."
I heard on of these smart gentlemen
who was hunting a new Job tell the
"boost committee" of an Iowa city that
he had "worked" the name of the com
munity where he had been employed
Into 1.000.000 circulation! Some editors
had even paid him for "stuff." Others
had welcomed his really clever copy.
- ' ( w t-iW it - fSV'---''-J ' ' sV--" . K 1
,;. ' Vv srll.' If" .XSfi'-;" -it . . 4 If v
cur
i
heavy percentage of which mature Into
files. It may take from several days
to several months for the flics to wing
forth, everything depending on heat
and moisture.
There are many effective ways of
killing flies when they Invade your
home. The pupal, before hatching,
may be destroyed by crude oil, caustic
potash, blue vitriol, or any of the tried
disinfectants. Mature files succumb
at once to the fumes of carbolic acid.
You can take a hot shovel, pour car
bollc acid over the surface
face of It and
ill destroy a
confined to a
the resultant fumes w
whole swarm of flies
MI
and with editorial good nature were
not averse to printing without charge
something Interesting about a bustling
Western town. He was but a single
sample from a list of nearly 1000 per
sons engaged In "publicity" work com
piled by Ia B. Palmer, manager of th
American Newspaper Publishers' Asso
ciation and bis assistant. J. Warren
Adams. These range from the paid
agents of the organized charities and
educational boards to the most direct
form of business getting: from the
great railroads to the Stsndard Oil
Company: all bent on getting past the
censor at the desk, often sending out
real news, but more often deftly
"working" the press without Its knowl
edge and Imposing upon a good nature
that seldom falls. If the newspapers
were controlled" or "dominated," or
ders would take the place of press
agents, and editors be bared of Judg-
""hot ar som samples culled from
twenty-eight solid pages of names on
the A. N. P. A. Free Publicity Bulletin:
International Board of Foreign Trade:
Amcricsn Automobile Association:
American Motor-Car Association:
American Society for Extension of
University Teaching; Associated Pro
hibition Press; Association of Import
ers of Laces and Embroideries; Auto
mobile Club of America: Automobile
Co-operative Association of America:
Baltimore and Ohio P.allroad: Bay
State ' Automobile Association: Bay
View Educational System; Presbyter
ian Board of Home Missions; Bowery
Mission: Pythian Temple Association;
Brown University, Frovldence. Bhode
Island: Century Syndicate All Sorts
of Publicity: California Promotion
Committee; California Raisin Day
Committee; San Antonio Business
Men's Association; Central Publicity
Service, Chicago. General Publicity;
Chicago Automobile Club: Civil Ser
vice Reform Association; Coney Island
and Brooklyn Railway; Charity Or
ganization Society; Bed Cross Society;
National Association for the Promo
tion of Public Health: Erie Railroad;
Manufacturers" Publicity Corporation;
Metropolitan Press Bureau General
Publicity; Society of 8f Vincent d
Paul; Museum of Safety and Sanita
tion; National Municipal League,
Philadelphia; National Model License
League: National Nut-Growers" As
sociation; Sage Foundation, New York;
National Rivers and Harbors Congress;
New York Bureau of News; National
Tuberculosis Association; National
Electric Light Association: National
Immigration League; National Corn
Liberal Immigration League; National
Corn Association; American Baseball
League; National Association of Flano
Dealers: New York State Farm; Col
orado Springs Chamber of Commerce;
Columbia University. New Tork: Com
bined News Service, New York Gen
eral Publicity; Committee on National
Health, New Haven, Connecticut; Con
solidated Publicity Bureau North
western General Publicity; American
Style and Fashion Show, New York;
Cullen St Price, New York. Publicity
for Philanthropic Institutions; Curren
at Mead, Seamen's Friend Society and
General Publicity; New Tork Central
Railroad; Dean Publicity Bureau,
lb
n
room. The fumes rrom pyreinrura r
also effective. Nearly all fly powders
are arsenic preparations.
How to Poison Flies.
An excellent fly poison may be made
by adding a teaspoonful of formaline
to a quantitv of water with some sugar
thrown in. Flies that eat or drink here
will die shortly. Flies will not tarry
long In a kitchen or house that is
properly clean. They do not flourish in
clean surroundings. The careful
i housewife sees to It mat tne inea
not get to share the family meals and
that no refuse is left about. The result
housewife sees to It that tne lues ao
DoN(lcSB11'ilEv"lORK)RCD.(lIVBS50ME
Theatrical notes from New Tork;
United States Steel Corporation; Stan
dard Oil Company; Bureau of Munici
pal Research. New York; Tariff Con
vention; Oklahoma City Federation;
Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company;
International Mercantile Marine; North
German Lloyd: Hamburg American
Line; The Insurance Press; National
Good Roads Congress: Consolidated Gas
Company; Official Press Bureau of
Switzerland; Ohio Tobacco Leaf Pack
ers Association; Pennsylvania Rail
road: American Free Art League:
Precious Metals Corporation: Chicago
Board of Trade: Denver Board of
Trade; Boston Publicity Bureau De
voted to Boston Specialties; Railroad
Information Bureau; Canadian Pacific
Railway: Saratoga Springs Publicity
Association; National Horse 6how;
Scientific Temperance Federation; Na
tional Education Association; National
Conservation Congress; Society of
Brewing Technology: Cantors" Associ
ation of America; Bureau of Railway
Economies; Mount Morris Bible Class;
Religious Press "Bureau: American
Protective Tariff League; Society for
the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
Public Confidence In Press.
These selections have been made
solely from enterprises of more or less
publlo concern. The list of private
agencies Is legion. It Is not credible
that these concerns would be so num
erous and pertinacious in reaching
for the public If that public lacked
confidence In the press and did not And
the dally newspaper not only a con
venience but a necessity In the affairs
of life.
Nearly all newspapers employ anion
workmen, who must he assisting in
the "betrayal" of their brethren. Ask
the very Intelligent printer what he
thinks of the usual shop and Its man
agement, and you will find that he
"stands for" the paper, has confidence
In It and knows mors truly than the
guessing doctrinaire how fairly ths
men who put it together try to do ths
right and the honest thing.
Not only is the newspaper not in
fluenced by Its advertisers In th con
crete, but In far too many cases it is
not decently paid for Its great services.
Now and then an advertising agent
tries to tell an advertiser that he can
"grease" th "copy with a liberal lot
of "free" noticing. Some 280 of the 300
members of the association have joined
to repress agencies that seek to im
pose upon them In the Interest of their
clients. The time Is near when an
agency that so persists will loss Its
recognition and its commissions. '
The head of the bureau of railway
economics In Washington has told th
writer very frankly that It was estab
lished to allay popular hostility to th
roads by disseminating favorable In
formation through th press fur
nished. It msy be parenthetically
observed, by himself In the hope that
It would be accepted tn full measure
and printed without price. He had not
succeeded In pushing his propaganda
Is an early exodus of flies. Slovenly
housekeepers, on the other hand, will
be continually attended by perfect
clouds of flies. ,
The housekeeper should watch the
places where food supplies are handled.
She should go to the grocery store In
person not by telephone and see that
flies 'are not gamboling about on the
fruits and bread. She should by all
means go In person to the butcher shop
and see what sort of cars the meat re
ceives. .
Fly specks on apples or plums are to
be looked upon as especially dangerous.
These fruits have Just enough moisture
for any disease-bearing organism to
multiply in. Examine a fly speck on
an apple or plum carefully and you will
see the circular deposits from filth In
which may lurk some hideous disease.
Ice cream cones exposed to street
filth and files are pronounced very
dangerous Danger also lurks In the
fly-spected straws served with Summer
drinks.
Here are some fly season don ts
urged by the Board of Health:
Don't leave food lying about ex
posed to files. ,
very far, and was dismayed at the at
titude of tho newspapers.
What one newspaper may reject an
other prints, and so all the world be
comes wise.. The humblest handpress
In a country town would creak In pro
test If its levers were checked. I have
known more than one mortgage-laden
editor to defy the "money power" that
held his notes. It is but a few weeks
since I met a country publisher who
had just been told by the village mag
nate that he was going to foreclose
to stop some criticisms on the local
government, with which Mr. Moneybags
had satisfactory relations.
"You can print your rag in the
street." said the great man.
"Very well." said the editor, coolly,
with his hands in his empty pockets;
"I will print It In the street." This is
something somebody always will do.
There Is not, cannot be, any "control"
over the press of the United States.
Scruples of Editors.
No man is more scrupulous In keep
ing free from entanglement than the
usual editor. He Is proud of hts profes
sion and believes in Tils work. The old
Idea of free passes and free tickets to
tickle the editor meant nothing more
than a courtesy for which he always
WOMAN M. P. MAKES GOOD
IN NORWAY'S CHAMBER
CHRISTIANIA, May 27. (Special Cor
respondence.) For the past fort
night Norway has had a, woman mem
ber of Parliament, Miss Anna Rog
stad. She has acquitted herself splen
didly and without doubt her entry Into
the legislative chamber marks an Im
mense stride In the woman's movement
all over the world.
Her selection came about in an in
teresting way. In Norway at all elec
tions a deputy is named for ev'ery mem
ber, to take his place in the event of
prolonged absence or death. At the last
election General Brathe was returned
for the third division of Christlanla,
with Miss Rogstad. a teacher In one of
the National schools, as his deputy.
Now the General has been on a holiday,
so Miss Rogstad has been able to un
dertake her responsibilities as a leg
islatorthe first woman M. P. in the
history- of the Norwegian Storthing.
Her reception has been most cordial
and her attitude on reforms has
strengthened the 'position, of women
materially in Norway.
Woman's rights have clearly been
gaining In Scandinavia eves) since 1901,
when the municipal suffrage was given
to Norwegian women, on a property
qualification. Then, as women grew
mora active in local affairs, the basis
was widened t general municipal suf
frage for women, last year. Today
there ar many women members of
publlo bodies In Norway, the progress
being greater In the towns than the
country.
In 1907 the parliamentary suffrage
was adopted on the old municipal prop
erty qualification. Since then a par
liamentary committee has reported in
rxmt let rubbish or mtS collect la
the back yard.
Don't leave the cover off the garbage
can.
Tour Duty to Others.
Don't let flies get Into a sick room,
especially In cases of tuberculosis, ty
phoid fever or any contagious disease.
Be careful to burn all bandages and
refuse from sick room. Otherwise
your negligence may bring about the
death of innocent neighbors, which
would make you little less than a mur
derer especially If you knew better,
as you now do.
Don't allow refuse matter to gather
on the outside of a garbage can.
Don't leave fruit or salads exposed
to flies.
Don't rescue a fly from the cream
pitcher. Throw It out and the cream
with it, unless you wish to risk drink
ing deadly poison.
Don't depend on sticky fly paper and
fly powders to proteot you. Keep your
place clean, so flies can't live with you.
Don't forget that flies live in filth
that where cleanliness prevails flies do
not.
gave tenfold pay with his pen. He
believed he was helping the town when
he boomed an enterprise, was of serv
ice to its citizens when he printed s
time-table In return for a pass on
which he rode two or three times a
year. The suppression of the pass "privi
lege and of the practice of paying for
transportation in advertising has been
a boon to the poor printer. It is en
abling him to get value received.
All this is written, not to prove
newspaper self-sacrifice, though there
is much of this, but to show that th
newspaper is truly a public institution
and as such is used and abused by
everybody that co;n?s within Its rang.
"The business office runs the editor,"
Is an easy but truthful cry. It does
nothing of the sort Nobody can "run"
an editor if he is fit for hts job, and
If he Is not the paper cannot get on.
This Is all there Is to the newspaper
mystery. News comes In like sorrow,
not In single spies but in battalions. It
does not ask leave to print. It forces
its way past careless reporters, by pub
lic authorities or parties at interest
who would suppress, by the cynics of
the copy desk, by the publisher, by th
Intelligent compositor, by every form
of resistance that can be conjured. It
will be beard!
favor of universal female) suffrage by
a small majority, but the downfall of
ths Left party at the last election has
set the equalization of the sexes back
for the present.
Another leader of the Norwegian
women. Miss Gina Krog, who Is well
known in America, stood for a Chris
tlanla division as first candidate 'n 1909
and. though defeated, she mad such
headway that hopes are high among the
women for her return next time. Only
two women stood as first candidates,
both Socialists, and they were defeated.
Most of the women voters were on tha
side of tho moderate party and by no
means always supported the women
candidates who were in the thick of ths
fighting. On that account many critics
contend-that women actually set ths
clock back Instead of helping legisla
tion forward, directly they came Into
the political arena. Miss Krog who
edits a suffrage paper and her asso
ciates, however, declare th reaction is
temporary and will pass at th next
contest. .
Signs of encouragement are not,
wanting to them. The Storthing has a.
proposal under consideration for admit-
ting women to state appointments on
the same terms as men.
It has been drawn up by th Depart-1
ment of Justice and the only exceptions
are membership of the King's Council,
religious appointments, dlplomatlo and
consular offices.
In Sweden also the women are grow
ing in power. They now have 87 city ,
councillors up and down the country,
most of them unmarried women en
paged in professional work, such, as
teaching, medicine and banking, ,