By K. J. EDWARDS.
A
LTHOCGH the terra "gentleman
farmer" ha com Into lomfwhil
frequent use In this country, the
-expression "landed aristocracy" still
a foreign flavor and suggests those who
lure Inherited wide acres from lucky
ancestors who acquired them by royal
patent or some other agreeable exer
else of the "divine rta-hf of kings- Pos
sibly. It rails to mind some of th
titled landlords of the mother country
tbe Iuke of R-jecleuch. with his almost
regal demesne of 40.000 acres: the
Duke of Klfe. with his 149.000 acres of
Fcottlsh, moorland and arable fields; the
ilarquls of Bute, with h!s paltry 117.
000 acres of coal land and truck farms;
the Tuke of Devonshire, with Ms 1SS.
COO acrra of sheep pasture and pic
turesque landscape; the Duke of West
minister, with "only 30.000 acres of farm
land, hut consoled with the right and
title to (00 acres In tne heart of Lon
don. f
Landed proprietors they are. Indeed.
lut their real estate holdings are not
to be compared. In point of acres, with
those of several American farmers.
"Who Mod In 1.090.000 acres or more
Held not too expansive for their super
vision. One of these American land
arona. E. J. Marshall, la the owner of
n estate In the great Southwest which
contains no lens than 4.009.004 acres.
Bee Me s It the historic entailed estates
of Oreal Britain faile Into comparative
Insignificance.
Mr. Marshall's landed domain l In
wo ranches of I.ooo.ooo acres each.
One of them extends 170 miles along
the International boundary line west
'of El Paso. Tex. Every Inch of It la
as historic as Blenheim. For genera
tions It has been the scene of fierce
sind numerous conflicts between the
bordermen of Texas and Mexico, and
many an Indian uprising has brought
Vncle Sam's regulars to Its vicinity.
The other 1.000.000-acre tract bor
ders the Grand Canyon on the south
and east. Most of this 'land was for
merly a part of the United States forest
reserve, and It baa been so developed
"br Irrigation that It has become one
of the most valuable cattle ranges In
'America, and a considerable portion of
It Is also aratlable for tillage. At
present Mr. Marshall la not engaged In
-Intensive farming on cither of his es
tates. This vast area whose proper
cultivation might sustain the popula
tion of a state Is the feed! i ground of
a herd of 100.000 cattle, a variety of
farming: that appeals strongly to Its
proprietor despite alt Secretary Wll
son's efforts to make Intensive farming
popular.
In .Mr. Marshall's case the passion for
landed proprietorship appears to bare
been congenital. Horn without even a
remote prospect of acquiring- any con
siderable quantity of It. Inheriting
nothing except a sound physical endow- j
ment and the pluck to resist dis
couragement, his first venture was a
1900-acre ranch In Texas which was
"almost concealed from view by mortgages.-
Mr. Marshall declares that It
,-waa his effort to clear off the In
cumbrance on this property that taught
him how to combine rattle, land and
banking so as to make the operation
profitable. At any rate, he borrowed
the money to buy the cattle which
finally paid for the land. The out
come was so satisfactory that he con
tinued the prartlce until he became the
greatest landed proprietor In America,
perhaps In the world. Banking-, cattle
and land la still his winning- combina
tion. That Mr. Marshall cornea legitimate
ly enough by his taste for accumulat
ing acres Is made plain by his family
history. Practically every male an
cestor of his line was Influenced by a
similar ambition, although he did not
always achieve It. It was the pursuit
of
it that led his grandfather to his
death. As a lawyer this Marshall be
came so Interested In the subject of
the old Spanish land grants that he
made his way to New Mexico then a
Journey Involving enormous risk and
personal discomfort m 1th tbe pur
pose of acquiring title to some of these
-valuable tracts. It was In those un
certain days when General Sam Hous
ton was In the saddle for Texan Inde
pendence, and the general needed all
the help he could get In order to carry
out his scheme. Ills argument that the"
triumph of his cause would further the
favorable settlement of the land grant
matter seemed so reasonable that the
lawyer consented to accept a position
on Houston's staff and wait until the
war was over before proceeding with
the business which had taken him so
far away from home. He served faith
fully until the capture of Santa Ana.
hut In a gallant attempt to prevent
the. escape of that resourceful Mexican
leader be was drowned In the lUo
Grande.
America's lYrmltT Woman Farmer,
rive years ago all the newspapers In
America were making public all that
could be gathered concerning Ijidy
Mary Hamilton, only child and heiress
of the premier duke of Scotland and
the richest woman In the United King
dom. At that time she was about to
be married to the Marquis of Graham,
heir of the wealthy Duke of Montrose,
and great stress was put on the fact
that Lady Mary would be mistress of
one of the most extensive landed es
tates In the world when her husband-to-be
should come Into his dukedom.
Now all the time these accounts of
Lady Mary's prospects as a landowner
were being paraded before the world
with dazzling Insistence there was at
least one woman In America who wss
not overcome by the story of the
t-ottlsh girl's landed pre-eminence.
The statement that some time In the
uncertain future the bride-to-be would
rome Into possession of an estate comprising-
19.000 acres seemed scarcely
worth exploiting to a member of the
gentler sex who wa already In undis
puted possession of many times that
land area.
This American woman. born st
Greenville. Texas, and still a resident
of that prosperous agricultural county
town. Is the owner of more than 10
times as many acres as I-ady Mary will
ever be able to call her very own.
Even were the deeply-entrenched Frlt
. th law of primogeniture to be abol
I Ished and she should rome In for the
combined Hamilton and Montrose es
tates she would still be the possessor
of only about a quarter as much real
', estate as belongs to Virginia Ann King,
'.the most picturesque of American mi
j lion-acre farmers.
' Nor are Mrs. King's broad acres
spread out In arid stretches that are
real estate only In name, part and par-
eel el the-pld-CLme Llano EsUcadxk that
Tfedr Vast Tracts Pnt to Shame tbe
fabled Texan No Man's Land which has
disappeared from the map. Lady Mary
Hamilton's estate Is for the greatest
part of that variety described by the
glib London agent as "the grandest
grous-shootlng In the kingdom, sir."
Mrs. King's million-acre farm Is made
op of dosens of the most fertile and
best cultivated homesteads in Hunt.
Jackson and Shackelford Counties. pro
Tided with the most modern of Im.
provetments and tilled after the most
up-to-date methods.
The late Captain Kionaru ivinar was
Mississippi River pilot who freighted
goods for General Taylor, during tbe
Mexican War and took as part payment
for his services an old panlh land
grant on the frontier, the very thing
Mr. Marshall's ancestor coveted, but did
not achieve. At first It was a doubtful
proposition, for when Captain Kins;
went to claim possession of his new es
tate he found It tenanted by outlaws
and renegadea of every description and
he speedily realized that he should have
to fight for his rights or relinquish
them. He had acquired a taste for ad
venture In his river operations, ana tne
opportunity to conduct a small war on
his own account appealed to him. Bo
he recruited , band of those who were
of the same way of thinking and pro
ceeded to fight his way Into full pos
session of his domain.
He succeeded In dislodging the armed
Interlopers and then began at once to
develop his property. The grant as It
stood originally was considerably larger
than the State of Khode Island, with a
soli so deeply fertllo that no artificial
enrichment would be needed for more
than one generation. Long before his
passing, this original estate of Santa
Gertrudis bad reached a state of pro
ductive expansiveness that would have
amazed the heiress of the Hnmlltons
had she been permitted to compare It
with the scanty returns from her moor
lands. Fortunately for the perpetuation of
the million-acre farmer class, the ad
ministration of this princely estate fell
Into capable hands. Captain King had
married a Texas girl who had made
fr.rmlng on a mammoth scale her chief
study in life, and at his death she as
sumed the reins without a doubt as to
her capacity to undertake the task.
"It never occurred to me thatthere
was anything else for me to do." Mrs.
King said, recently. "Of course. I re
alized that It was going to keep me
busy, but I was used to that and liked
It. I suppose If I had stopped to con
sider that It was 70 miles from my
front gate to the veranda of my house
I might have faltered, but my mind
was so full of getting 6000 acres of
grain harvested aud off my hands that
I didn't have time to think of the slxe
of the field."
Before a year had passed Mrs. King
had demonstrated her ability to con
duct farming on a larger scale than
had been the practice even In Texas.
To the great surprise of her compet
itors In the market 'she not only kept
the famous King ranch up to Its usual
standard, but launched out Into new
fields with a boldness that subjected
her to much criticism from those who
were less keen wltted. During her
husband's lifetime, cattle raising at
the ranch had been confined practically
to native stock, although Captain King
had contemplated stocking some of his
farms with Improved breeds. This
scheme was put Into execution by his
widow, who began by making a con
siderable outlay of capital for Im
ported stock contrary to the advice of
many local cattle men. who had con
vinced themselves that there was Tio
money In line stock bred In Texas.
Again Mrs. King showed them that
they were In error. Her experiments
with Imported Herefords and Devons
were so successful that In time she
abandoned the business of fitting na
tive stock for the beef market and con
fined herself exclusively to the breeed
Ing of blooded cattle and horses. For
many years the King ranch has stood
foremost in the rearing and marketing
of this pedigreed stock, and its herds
of Herefords and Shorthorns are the
In r;ej t and finest In the world, and
the high-bred horses which are the
product of the King stables are famous
for their quality In all the marts of
the world.
To those who meet her for the first
time Mrs. Ktng Is a distinct surprise.
It Is not easy to recognize a woman
of her unique achievement In the dig
nified and retiring matron who greets
a visitor with a timid smile and pro
ceeds to talk agreeably and most In
telligently on any subject outside of
"shop." Her voice is low and distinct
with that quality whtch has rome to
be known as cultured. Were one re
quired to place her geographically,
Boston or Its vicinity might suggest
Itself. but Texas never. She has
traveled much and has been a keen
observer.
Although Mm King- has made no at
tempt to acquire an art collection, she
enjoys the reputation among dealers and
producers of being an authority In such
matter. The walls of her beautiful
Winter residence at Corpus Chiistl. Tex
bear evidence of her discrimination in
this direction. One of the rare por
traits) hanging la iier musio-rooa ls ,
replica of a "Duke of Denvonshlre in
the British National Gallery.
"It's a Icvely picture," said a woman
friend who dropped In to nave a view
of It before the general public was ad
mitted. "But while you were at it, why
didn't yon buy the real thing e. real
live duke, I mean? Tou certainly can
afford It. and they are so fashionable
.f i r nuirrvlnff woman.'
the reply. "I don't suppose I should let
ih mere fact that a man was a duke
i .v.- hut lust at nresont
am Interested only In the pedigree of
four-footed animals"
In recent years Mrs. King has had an
efficient aid in her son-in-law. R. J. Kle
berg who has also learned! the trick of
combining- banking with agriculture at a
profit. Mr. Klebers; Is president of the
Industrial Congress of Texas, a nem
polltlcal organization devoted to the up
building' of the commonwealth. It was
on the great ranch managed by Mr. Klo
bcrf that the pioneer scientific InvestUra
tlon into the Texas cattle fever was
made, resulting In the discovery of one
of the most valued nntltoxroej used In
stock-raising.
Another Woman Farmer.
. Another American woman whose land
ed domain is so far-reaching that It
makes the BcoUie-h estate of Lady Mary
Hamilton-Graham seem like a thistle
patch In comparison la RJioda May
Rlndge. Left a widow with an estate
so vast in acres that she did not know
how to estimate It, Mrs. Rlndge resolved
to become a practical farmer. It took
her the better part of two years to locate
and Inspect all her holdings. Much of
her land Is In the semi-tropical regions
of the Southwest, some of it across the
Mexican border. She discovered that
she was proprietor of vast forests of ma
hogany and other rare woods and she
began Immediately to take steps to put
this product on the market. She also es
tablished a system of tenant farming on
some of her Southern estates, the soil of
which Is adapted to the cultivation of
pineapples, bananas and oocoanuta. and
has been active in brlngln Into use a
wonderful Mexican fibrous plant as a
rope-making material.
fntll the death of her husband, the
late Frederick H. Rlndge, of Cambridge,
Mass., this million-acre woman farmer
know nothing of the practical side of ag
riculture. Her hunband. who was a fel
low student of Theodore Roosevelt at
Harvard, was Interested deeply In abori
ginal research and devoted himself to the
collecting of material Illustrative of the
hlftory and customs of primitive Amer
ican races. During; his lifetime Mr.
Rlndge was regarded as an authority on
such matters and he bequeathed his
unique collection to Peabody Museum.
Although he had rome Into possession, by
Inheritance and otherwise, of vast tracts
of land In the United States and Mexico,
he took little Interest In agriculture from
a practical viewpoint. It remained for
his wife to convert his valuable but un
profitable larjley Interests Into money
makers. This she has done In less than
five years In that time she has made
herself one of the wealthiest women In
the acrid.
Ureas of Texas Million-Acre Farmers.
In his lifetime tho elder John V. Far
well, the famous Chicago merchant who
founded the fortunes of the family of
that name, was the sole proprietor of
a ranch of 3,000.000 acres In the most
productive district of Texas. This land
was acquired by the original owner as
payment by the state for work done on
public building's, especially on the state
capltol at Austin. Ex-Senator Thomas
W. Palmer, of Michigan, inherited an
Immense tract of land obtained by his
father In the same manner, an estate
which became of great value In the
course of time. The original Farwell
grant has been reduced to about 800.
000 aores, which the present owner,
Walter Farwell. has brought Into a
state of high cultivation. Mr Farwell
la what Is popularly known as a book
former, theoretical first and practical
afterward. Contrary to the experience
of some of those who have applied this
method to agriculture, Mr. Farwell has
made a brilliant success of his experi
ment. The Farwells Mrs. Farwell Is
the daughter of Mrs. Stephen A. Doug
las by an earlier marriage occupy the
big- ranch house at Channlng during
the Summor and spend the Winters in
England.
Another Texas farmer, whose land
holdings exceed those of any peer in
Burke's Peerage, Is Colonel W. B. Wor
sham. of Henrietta. The colonel Is the
owner of a single farm cf 40.000 acres
and Is also the proprietor of vast cattle
ranges In the western part of the state.
Like Marshall and Kleberg-, he has be
come a multl-mllllonalre from banking,
brewing, oil refining and a dozen other
Industrial ventures and has Invested
bis overplus In lands. Colonel Wor
sham has been the builder of his own
fortunes, having begun life as a cow
boy and worked his way by sheer dint
of energy and native shrewdness Into
the million-acre farmer class.
Although Kdward H. R. Green has re
cently changed his voting place from
the Lone Star a Late to New l'ork. city.
Most Princely Tractsof tfeg Etesrogc of: OlcJ Ei;
Ik srr4 p. -,
IPs - J li - . i
wast 1 1! t - . t if 1 1 1 1 4 jn .
If A.'" M r . ,;V.;:'V,J
flLi f-' - III -r
mmmtm3 cczfV. -.s. gsts-I
he still remains In possession of enough
land in that commonwealth to retain his
membership In the million-acre group.
He is the owner of rich agricultural
tracts in almost every county of Texas,
an entato covering- a greater area than
half a dozen of the crack British ba
ronial grants. Most of his land Is
tilled by tenant farmers on shares, and
the plan has proved to be highly prof
itable. One of the Green farms In Southern
Texas, on which the proprietor grows
strawberries for the February market.
Is underlaid with a bed of cement
which. In Mr. Green's opinion, only
awaits development to put the famous
holdings of the duke of Portland Into
obscurity. When he gets through
helping- his mother in some of her high
financial flights the Colonel this Is
his social distinction in Texas Is going-
to get busy at that cement deposit
KATHERINE TINGLEY
IS AGAINST NOOSE
Theoeophical Leader Declares Capital Punishment Merely Defers Solution
of Problem Governed Largely by Other Life.
POINT LOMA, Cal., Jan. 10.-(To the
Editor.) The pages of history are
written, not In. words, but in deeds.
And as. in glancing at the past, we see
certain of such pages telling the story
with emphasis, which at the time it was
told was too mingled with the common
life to attract attention, so do certain of
our customs mark our place In nature
and tell that which. In the confusion
of sounds, we do not hear.
Nevertheless, through our law of capi
tal punishment, we are writing a page
in letters of flaming red. and in un
mistakable language proclaiming to the
yet unborn our narrow conceptions of
life, our lack of finer Instincts and our
Ignorance of actual law. It is a bitter
comment on our civilization, a declara
tion that our consciousness is bounded
by the grave, and that within these
narrow limits which we have drawn for
ourselves, we see no links binding us to
our fellows.
That we find this among our laws la,
perhaps, not strange. It Is a part of
everything else, and partakes of the
general flavor. Good people, well -moaning,
and those of tender heart. Indorse
It, and it Is not the outcome of the
lack of these qualities, but of the lack
of a rational philosophy of life. Those
who do not express their creed in the
words. "Let us eat, drink and be merry,
for tomorrow we die." yet do. if they
acquiesce in this law, confess their abso
lute lack" of any sense of coherence In
nature. Why should that which Is have
no relations with that which is to come7
And why should not every man who Is
found on this earth be here as part of a
plan? Is It a crazy universe we are In,
without order, system or Intelligent In
tention? Or is there that In nature
which goes to suggest that the very
hairs of our head are Indeed numbered?
And why should we Imagine that we nro
rid of a man because we have taken the
liberty to remove him from his body?
Such near-sightedness is puerile.
If we see a bird of evil omen fly in
at our window, cross our chamber and
fly out, do we infer he existed only
while in our sight? And might he not
again fly In at the window? What
would we say of a family who had a
troublesome member, and thrust bim out
of the door for their own comfort or
safety? Jet that ls.pracUcaUy. what is
wrth all the vim that has characterized
all his other development schemes as,
for example, his transformation of the
Texas Midland Railroad which, when
It came Into his hands was about as
sorry a specimen of a railroad as could
be found anywhere Into a condition of
high efficiency.
Down In Texas, where the Colonel
Is liked Immensely, it is a common
opinion that he resembles his mother
In only one particular he has inher
ited her capacity to transmute most of
the ordinary things of life into gold.
Fortunately for him, his methods of
performing this clever and delicate
trick do not conflict with the happi
ness of his fellows. The Colonel la an
altruist of the "live and let live" va
riety, and he has a habit of so ar
ranging his business ventures that the
"other fellow" doesn't get hurt fa
tally. The estate known as Cordo Blanco
done to a public offender. For the sake
of the other members, it Is said, the
effort Is made to thrust him out of the
human family. Supposing such a thing
were possible, he must go somewhere,
and If so, is he probably less trouble
some there? These questions might
naturally arise. It would seem, in any
mind, with or without a satisfactory
philosophy of life, and from the simple
ground of expediency might give rise to
uncertainty as- to the wisdom of this
law. But suppose that the very- fact
that a man Is on earth with us, shows
a link In some way between us and
him, and that, whether we like It or
not, we must deal with hla problems
sooner or later then we simply evade
the question by killing him. And a
postponed duty never grows easier to
meet.
The mental confusion that exists as
to the absolute right or wrong of this
law, arises from an Improper focusing
of the mind on the subject. Many of
Its opposers have a blurred vision be
cause they have turned their mental
lens upon the superficial region of sen
timent, and here the images are always
distorted. For purely sentimental rea
sons they would abolish the law and.
naturally. In their dealing with the
criminal from the standpoint of senti
ment, they only put Into more active
life that bundle of evil tendencies. Such
methods arouse the disgust of another
class, who mean to stand for Justice,
and who, out of consideration for the
Innocent, will not spare the guilty. This
seems to be an Improvement on the
flabby sentimental view of the question,
for it is, without doubt, a devil Incar
nate that Is in existence, and ' he de
serves and should have no toleration.
He Is an expression of an evil disin
tegrating force, and should he fought to
the death without pity, sympathy or
mercy. And there should be no rest
until he is extinct.
But the difficulty with these would
be dealers of Justice is that they, too,
have improperly focused their mental
lenses. They have centered them en
tirely upon the diseased personality. In
stead of adjusting them in turn upon
the whole of that complex being Called
the man. Had they penetrated deep
into his nature, they might have found
a Uvin attack, which, could be fanned
In the fertile Texas Panhandle Is one
of the most extensive stretches of farm
land under individual ownership and
management In America. It is the
property of W. Tom Waggoner, and
an Idea of Its extent may be gathered
from the fact that recently its pro
prietor presented each of his three
children with a slice of It as large as
the State of Rhode Island. Nor does
it appear that he robbed himself in
the process, for he admits that he has
left for his own use "a garden patch
with an estimated area of 1000 square
miles." If there is a titled land owner
In the United Kingdom who could dup
licate this little spasm of parental
affection, now Is his time to speaa.
Other American Land Barons.
There Is at least one million-acre
farmer in the new State of New Mexico
the last territorial Governor, William
J. Mills, whose wife, daughter of the
late Wilson Waddlngham, of West
Haven, Conn., Inherited from her
father Intact the big Spanish land
grant known as Pablo Montoya. Orlg
JtijlIIv. this famous tract embraced
seven millions of acres, but sinoe it
enma under the supervision or Air,
Mills It has been divided Into several
ranches, one of which, the Bell ranch.
Is under the personal oversight of the
Governor. Next to Mrs. King, the pro
prietor of the Bell ranch, is the owner
of the biggest and finest collection of
blooded cattle in the country. His herd
of registered shorthorns has the run
of a range of 71S.OO0 acres, all fenced,
and a patrol of cowboy fence riders
Is employed to guard the stock.
Another - notable member of the
American landed aristocracy Is Gen
eral H. G. Otis, who, in addition to
conduotlng a newspaper in Los Ange
les. Is engaged in farming on a large
scale Is the Cocopaw Indian country. In
the delta of the Colorado River. The
General is proprietor of a landed es
tate of upward of a million acres which
. j . Into the blssest
cotton plantation In the world. In.
developing his mammoin uum,
succeeded in solving the labor prob
lem by employing large numbers of
the native Cocopaws, and has found
them satisfactory in every way. At
present the General's main crop is al
falfa, to the culture of which he has
devoted an acreage greater than that
of any other farmer in the world. The
alfalfa crop Is fed on the premises to
In the very process of killing the devil
on the surface. And also, as a pari ui
the lack of this proper mental focusing,
the curious belief exists that killing him
consists in letting him out of hl3 body.
What an easy method that would be!
But does It bear on its face any meas
ure of probability?
' We feel here on earth influences from
one another of various kinds of thought,
of feeling of all shades. There is a con
stant interchange of forces of one sort
and another which are not material, and
are not conveyed by material means.
We know the atmosphere Is full of such
things any one knows It who stops to
think. ' Not knowing It to be the case
that such currents are In the atmo
sphere, without material evidence, why
should so many infer that at the death
of the body every energy previously
working through It immediately leaves
the earth? Is It not at least as likely
that In liberating a man from his body
we may place at greater liberty than
already existed certain evil forces,
which plainly do not belong to any
spiritual place or life, and that we
might more efficiently protect the com
munity by simply caging him? There is
nothing in Nature to suggest that that
which exists can suddenly become non
existent. Two things may happen to it
Either it may become latent, ready un
der the proper conditions to become ac
tive, or it may be transmuted. If by
kiUIng the body we render these forces
latent, we have, as said, only postponed
the question, and on the other hand, is
It conceivable that there is anything In
legalized murder which will transmute
them into good?
The problem can never bo faced with
any possibility of solving it until there
la a rational philosophy of life. The
duality of man's nature must be under
stood; the still further complexity which
is Included in that duality, and the na
ture of so-called life and death. Hu
manity cannot evolve such a philosophy
as a matter of course, but when such
a one is presented to it by those who
are above It, it must be open enough,
earnest enough, unprejudiced enough to
examine into It, and see how much it
will clarify the ideas; otherwise, it can
never, evolve, and must go on eternally
doing stupid things, blundering Itself Into
deeper and deeper confusion.
There Is only one way to kill a crim
inal, and that is to transmute the evil
within him into good, and the only way
to do that Is to recognize something else
within him which is good, to evoke it
and gain its co-operation. Even gods
could not bring about this change with
out such co-operation.
It is true there are many noble efforts
in this direction which have crystallized
Into institutions! and if these were baseU
one of thai biggest herds ta the country,
and both tilling the soil and caring
for the cattle are carried on exclusively
Dy me xnoians.
a-iamI rtfo eii.i la nkrt nf fhA
"wonder region" of the) Colorado Basin.
It Is located in the center ox xne
...a A rrt n .nil eSl.1
rtj lll Q A,,. o u J u.bv uv '
tains many of those famous natural
curiosities wnicn resetnDie nowing
closely as small volcanoes with an
A.. t Knllfno. mint tnatASUl Of SsheS
and lava. No other spot In the United
States has a record oi nigner tempera
ture than Is registered during long
stretches in this fertile bottom land,
but the productiveness of the soil,
after It Is made available try Irriga
tion, Is almost beyond belief.
Altogether, It Is a part of the National
domain unlike any other spot In Amer
ica. The native Oooopaws bear small
resemblance to the accepted Indian
type they are as dnsky as Moors, as
muscular as trained athletes and as
amiable as Eskimos. Wrestling is as
popular with them as It was with the
Greeks and Romans. One of the men
of the tribe employed by General Otis,
a giant weighing more than BOO
pounds, is credited by his employer
with wrestling ability sufficient to put
him In the front rank of mat artists.
According to records in the office of
Professor Splllman, expert of the Uni
ted States Agricultural Department,
there are many farms situated In vari
ous parts of the country on which the
acreage devoted to a rotation of crops
exoeeds that of most of the great landed
estates of Europe. While most Ameri
can farms of the million-acre class are
devoted especially to the raising of cat
tle, horses, sheep and groats, there are
to be found. In almost every state of
the Union, men engaged In practical
agriculture on a scale that makes the
most extensive European farming seem
trivial In comparison.
Colonel James M. Smith, of Smith
sonla, Ga., tills 23,000 acres and makes
use of a private steam railroad to haul
his crops to the shipping point. He
practices crop rotation after the most
approved fashion. Besides marketing
$127,000 worth of cotton the past sea
son, he harvested 12,000 bushels of
wheat, 16.000 bushels of oats, 23,000
bushels of corn, 10,000 bushels of tur
nips, 6000 bushels of cowpeas and
shipped 20,000 pounds of butter. The
farm at Smlthsonla Is a model In Its
way, an example of Intensive farm
ing carried on aftor the most scientific
method. The estate has 600 neat
dwellings for the farmhands and over
a thousand mules and horses supple
ment the work of the steam and elec
trlo labor-saving equipment. "Land is
becoming too valuable to be treated In
a slipshod manner," Colonel Smith de
clares. "My advice to the young la
never to be afraid of becoming too In
telligent to follow farming as a life
business. I have never seen a suc
cessful farmer who had any more sense
than he could find use for."
At Chugwater, Wyoming, at an alti
tude of 7600 feet. Is the Swan ranch,
containing 280,000 acres, almost three
times the size of the landed estate of
the Duke' of Portland. Congressman
Alse J. Gronna, of North Dakota, Is
reputed to be the premier Individual
wheat farmer of America. There are a
number of . co-operative growers of
wheat whose acreage exceeds that of
Mr. Gronna's wheatfleld, but thus far
his 8000 acres have made the best
showing. Another highly cultivated
Georgia farm is at Danville, 12.000
teres owned and operated by Colonel
Hughes. The Funk farm, at Blooming
ton, Illinois, contains 40,000 acres, and
the Wadsworths, famous In history and
politics, are proprietors of a tenant
lystem embracing 70 model farms in
the best part of Livingston County, N.
Y The Reddick brothers, of Colum
bus, InM., cultivate 28,000 acres In the
Mississippi bottoms, and the famous
Rankin farms, which center around
Tarkio, Mo., constitute an estate
amounting to 23,000 acres.
'Copyright, 1911, by E. J Edwards.)
on a clear conception of the nature of
man, and there were a consciousness
that divinity exists Innate even In the
body of a criminal, so vivid as to awaken
that consciousness in him, and revive
his hope and courage, and if there we,-e
sufficient wisdom to work in harmony
with that Innate divinity to transform
the devil, we might witness a killing
process which would be thorough, and
which would begin to show Itself in
the social body at large by a decrease
of crime.
But until the day for this dawns, until
there Is a general willingness at least
to examine into a philosophy which has
been freely offered to the world, this
must remain a problem too big for us,
an index of our civilization, a blot upon
our history.
UNIVERSAL BROTHERHOOD AND
THEOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
KATHERINE TING LEY,
Leader and Official Head,
.Fraternity.
(The poem that follows In its entirety ex
tends to 104 lines and purports to have been
written, after his death, by Robert Bums,
the celebrated Scotch poet, and Is "-'"ej,,1"
have been Riven to the world Uirounh Mlsj
Lizzie Doten, a spiritualistic medium, or
Boston. Mass., some 30 years ago. The
ooem is too long- t quote to its conclusion,
and these 40 lines are now printed, by re
Quest.) ,
Could ye but ken ye sons o man,
lloo truly ye are brlthers.
Ye'd mak guld speed tae stand agreed.
Tho' born o' various mlthers;
Ant) common breath, ane common deatn.
Ane hama In heaven abune ye,
Te are the fruit frae ana great root
An" the guld God whs, lo as jre.
J"
All high an" low, all empty show.
All envious dlfferenoea. '
Will fade frae sight an' vanish quite.
When men come to their aenims i
Each loving man works out the plan
For which he was intended.
And he does beat who will na rest
Until his work 1s ended.
Your nnighbors' blame, or sinfu' shame
Should gie your souls na pleasure.
For while ye Judge wl' cruel grudge.
Ye nil yer aln sad measure.
The Dell himsel could scarcely tea
Which o' ye was the better;
He -wad be lalth to leave ye balth.
While either was bis debtor.
Here In life's sobule wi' pain and AotA
(sorrow)
Tou get your education.
While mony a trip and smra slip
Helps on the soul's salvation.
The unco skelgh. wl' haids fa high vT
proud) , .
What feel themselves maist holy.
Oft learn through sin how to begin
True life amoug tho lowly.
The lift aboon (heaven above) will wetoom
sune
The wayworn and the weary.
And anprels fair will greet tham there,
Sae wlnGome and sae cheery.
But while they stay, mak smooth the way.
tTntll ane bli'ld (shelter) and common shield
Shall hauid ye all thegltber.
. . 1 ' . .A Y. . , V. vn. !,.,
were shown aays cautiously that when on
earth the poet Burns was more particular
in hla speUlngj of tha Scotch, dialect. i . ,