THE SUNDAY OREGOXI IX, PORTLAND. DECE3IBER 4. 1910.
BOYS STRIVE TO MAKE MEMBERSHIP
800 BEFORE THE YEAR-END ARRIVES
Tonne Men's Christian Association Department, Now Third Largest in Union, Would Climb Higher Seventy
Klne More Needed to Attain Goal College Club to Be Formed Soon.
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industrial work in ag-rlculture. the
I mechanic arta and household econom
ics, adapted to the needs of the commu
nity, must be made in all the elemen
tary and high schools, furthermore,
these satiJects must not be purely
pedagogical, but must hare the great
est possible utility value. For example,
to the boys who go from these schools
directly to the farm, of how much value
rill the Latin and Greek acquired in
high school be In conquering the cod
dling moth, the San Jose scale, the au-
thracnos. the pear blight, the boll
weevil and the myriads of -other pesls
which confront the modern farmer on
every hand. It has been only durin
! recent years that any serious elT3ri htm
beennade to redirect high school work
that it may. meet the needs of all
classes."
STATE-AIDED ROADS LOSE
(Continued From Puffe 4.)
SCE.E MX BUYS' LOBBY OF PORTLAND Y. M. C. A.
EIGHT hundred members by January
1 la the goal of the boys' depart
ment or the Tour Men's Christian
Association. The boys' department now
has Til members, and Is the third
largest among the associations of the
Vnlted States. The West leads In bays'
T. M. C. A. work, as is shown by the
fact that the two associations that rank
above Portland In this department are
Loa Angeles, with o:o members, and
Kansas City, with ITS.
J. C. Clark, head of the boys' de
partment, recently returned from the
Kast aXter having visited many of the
large associations, lie studied meth
ods followed In several cities and will
make several Innovations in the work
here. Probably the most Important of
these will be the organization of a
college club. This will be made up cf
boys who desire to enter college. The
club will have a large room of Its own,
and a corner of the boys' lobby will be
partitioned off for this purpose.
Catalogues from, all Western col
leges will be filed In this room, with
pictures and other Information about
the different schools. College presi
dents who visit Portland will be In
vited to address the club, and every
thing possible will be done to Interest
members In advanced education and to
enable them to become familiar with
the characteristics of the various
schools. Clubs such as this have been
conducted successfully In Washington.
l. C. letrolt and Los Angeles. The
Idea originated with the Washington
association.
Several other new clubs are being
started and the work of the boys' de
partment is more flourishing than at
any time in the past. Frank Moran,
boys' secretary of the Seattle associa
tion. Is to visit Portland next Thurs
day and Friday and confer with the
local secretaries about the extensions.
He will also speak to the members
several times.
An Important part of the boys' work
at present is the home opened on
Salmon street several months ago.
There IS working boys are housed and
surrounded with healthful. Influences.
It Is not a charity, but a means that
the T. M. C. A. is taking to protect
boys who are menaced by the tempta
tions that aurround life in cheap lodg
ing bouses.
ATTACK ON AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES
BY CARNEGIE FOUNDATION RESENTED
President Kerr of Oregon Institution Cites Statistics to Prove Land-Grant Schools Do Not Sacrifice Tilling of ,
Soil for Engineering, as Alleged in Report Farms Still Attract.
THE attack on agricultural collegea
and trade schools by the Carnegie
Foundation for the Advancement
of Education last Fall was resented by
XT. Kerr, president of the Oregon Ag
ricultural College and president of the
Association of American Agricultural
Colleges and Experiment Stations. In
Ms annual address before the associa
tion In Washington. D. C. November
14.
The attack was unexpected and the
motive could not be discerned. Not
only were Instructors In agricultural
and trades schools surprised, but far
mers noticed the criticism and
storm of protest waa raised from rural
communities from tbe Pacific to the
Atlantic.
Ir. Kerr said In part:
"The criticisms contained In the
Fourth Annual Keport of the Carnegie
Foundation for the Advancement of
Teaching show an apparent complete
misapprehension by the Foundation of
the funrtlon and field of the agrlcul
tural and mechanical colleges. Many
of the statements contalni-d In this re
port Involve not only the most funda
mental questions of policy, but also
the motives which have governed
of these instltu-
the aamtnlstration
tlooa.
Attack Is Summarized
"The attitude of the Foundation
toward the land-grant colleges, and
the criticisms of their work and pol
try may be summarized as follow
That the agricultural and mechanical
colleges have emphasized engineering
to tlie neglect of agriculture, while
the real purpose of their establish
ment was to promote agricultural
education; that Co other colleges have
exercised such potent Influence In
taking students from the farm and
sending them elsewhere; that they
have maintained low standards, deplet
rd the high schools, and demoralized
education: that the object has been to
secure students and to Influence the
Legislatures that there Is no unity
among these institutions themselves
as to their mission and the place they
should occupy In education; that as af
fettng the work of the land-grant
colleges, agriculture and other similar
subjects in the secondary schools can
have no vocational value, their pur
pose being purely pedagogtcaL
To determine whether or not agrl
culture has been sacrificed for engi
neering, our best recourse is to the
farts. A table has been compiled from
the report of the Vnlted States Com
missioner of Kitucatlon for the year
ending June. ISO J. showing the segre
gate enrollment In the different
courses In the agricultural and me
rhanical colleges for the years 1903-
li. As shown by ths table, the In
crease in the number of students pur
suing courses In agriculture during
the period mentioned was 13S per cent.
while the Increase In engineering waa
c per cent. Moreover, the proportion
of students pursuing courses In agri
culture to t.ifl total enrollment In
creased nearly 100 per cent. As a
further Indication of the direction In
which these Institutions are developing
It may be noted that tor the four
years to 1 the Increase In the
number of students In the degree
courses waa 14 per cent, and In the
legree courses In agriculture ltd per
cent.
"Furthermore, that agricultural In
struction has not been neglected Is
shown by the remarkable development
cf agriculture In the land-grant col
lege. It has net been 20 years since
all the work In agriruiture, even tn
tne largest ef these institutions, was
given In on departxsnL by on or. two 1
Instructors. Purlng recent years, how
ever, the agricultural work has been
segregated Into various departments,
eu.-h as agronomy, animal husbandry,
dairy husbandry, rural engineering,
Irrigation and drainage, each of which
now offers more courses, with a larger
number of Instructors, thsn the entire
subject of agriculture required even
ten years ago. For instance, during
the present year the Kansas Agricul
tural College offers TS courses In agri
culture, exclusive of veterinary sci
ence: Iowa. 110; Oregon. 11?; Michi
gan. SL
Oregon Coprses Many.
'In the Oregon Agricultural College
for 100 the total number of courses
offered. Including horticulture and
veterinary science, was IS: In 110-11
1:3. an Increase In 10 years of 2i per
cent.
The wonder is not that there were
so few students pursuing . agricultural
courses, but rather that there were any
at alL
"The history of agriculture In America
during the period under consideration
leaves no douht as to the cause of the
migration in litis country from the farm
to the city. Farm hours were long and
hard, not only for the farmers them
selves and their wives, but also for the
children that were old enough to per
form the simplest kinds of labor. The
schools were small, ungraded, and poor
III adapted to the needs of the people.
Even the rural churches, where there
were any. were unlnsplrational. and of
fered little relief from the moncflony of
country life.
Farming Made Lucrative.
Through the work of the agricultural
colleges in training leaders In agrl
cultural Instruction, research and In
veatlgallon. and directly with the farm
ers through the various extension
agencies, the tillage of the soil hss
become more lucrative and dignified,
and therefore more attractive. The op
portunities of country life are greater
than ever before. There Is a great
awakening to the importance of hue
bandry. Many educated men are
leaving the cities and professions to
engsge in different lines of agricul
tural activity. In Oregon, for Instance!,
there are hundreds of college and uni
versity graduates engaged in fruit cul
ture, and many others are employed In
other lines of farming. More than any
other agency, these institutions have
emphasized the advantages of country
life, and there can be no foundation
for the statement that their Influence
tends cityward.
The charge Is made that the land-
grant colleges have demoralized edu
cation by the maintenance of low
standards. It Is true that until com
paratively recent years these institu
tions did not require for admission the
completion of the standsrd high school
course. During the earlier years of
their history there were practically
no secondary schools m the country In
which preparation could be received
for admission to these Institutions. As
late aa 190 there were but 15:4 pub
lic high schools In the United States.
By lyoo the number bad Increased to
upwards of 0000. while In 190$ there
were MOO. But even these were mainly
In the larger towns and cities, prac
tically Inaccessible to a large propor
tion of the1 country population. On
account of the general trend of educa
tion, and the lack of opportunities for
secondary training. It was unavoidable
that the land-grant colleges for many
years should maintain comparatively
low standards. It was not a question
of depleting the high schools, but of
meeting the situation.
The entire Influence of the ear
nest Foundation seems to b used for
the standardization of college and uni
versity work. While this may be a
very worthy ambition as an Ideal to
ward which to work. It does not take
Into account local conditions. It Is dif
ficult to understand la what way It
has been possible for the lsnd-grsnt
Institution to demoralize education. In
stead of demoralizing education, the
Influence of these Institutions has
tended to infuse new life Into it. to
redirect Its policies, bringing It nearer
to an tne people and adapting Its
work to the requirements of our dem
ocracy. Policy Well Understood.
'TTio Carnegie Foundation desires an
Interpretation of the mission of the land-
grant colleges snd 'their purpose in edu
cation.' and says that there is a wide
divergence among the Institutions them
selves upon these important questions.
While tlwre may be, and no doubt are,
differences of opinion on minor matters
of retail, tbe proceedings of this asso
ciation Indicate very clearly that there
is general agreement upon all questions
relating fundamentally to tbe policy of
these Institutions, the object of their
establishment, the work contemplated
for them, the field they should- occupy,
and their relations to the state univer
sities and other Institutions of higher
learning, and fo the elementary and rec
ondary schools. These questions have re
ceived so much consideration at the dif
ferent conventions of this association
that their discussion has no loubt long
aince become tedious.
"It wss never intended that the work
of these Institutions should be confined
to agriculture alone, or even to agricul
ture and engineering. While these are
emphasized as leading features, the in
stitutions were, in the language of the
act, 'to promote the liberal and practi
cal education of the Industrial classes) In
the several pursuits and professions of
life.
School Abondoned Early.
"A better understanding of the real
situation may be had from a. considera
tion of statistics showing the distribu
tion of the school population throughout
the different grades. According to the
report of the United States Commissioner
of Education for 1900, the total school en
rollment aggregated upwards of 19,000.000.
Of these. 1.58 per cent were in the higher
Institutions, including colleges; universi
ties, and professions! schools; 5.5 per
cent in the secondary schools, and 93.37
per cent In the elementary schools. The
distribution of pupils in the grades of
the common and high schools Is not
given In this report; but, as ertlmatcd
in the report for 1903, of the total en
rollment of pupils In the high schools.
43.7 per cent were in the first year; 25.9
per cent In the second year; 17.8 per cent
in the third year; and only 13 per cent in
tho fourth year. This Indicates the re
markable extent to which high school
pupils withdraw before resching the
fourth year. And yet the showing in
the elementary school is even more unfavorable-
Of the total enrollment ag
gregating lS.3T5.ono. 6.13O.O00 were In th
first grade: 2.9v.CO In the second grade;
l.ISO.Ou In the fifth 'grado; and only 223,-
000 in the eighth grade.
Common Schools Relied Vpon. '
"It is apparent, not only that about
(5 per cent never get beyond the ele
mentary schools, but that of these,
under present conditions, a very large
proportion withdraw before reaching
the upper grades of these schools.
Since, therefore, upwards of 00 per
cent of the people in this country are
engaged In Industrial occupations. If
these people ever receive any school
training relating directly to their life-
work, it must be In the common schools.
Provision, therefore, for vocational or
of crushed stone turned out at the
slate stockades or quarries: and said
act shall further contain provision for
ine suiiaoie supervision or. ana tne
proper safeguarding of said expendi
tures.
Kcolved. That we recommend the
passage of a law establishing the
maximum grade of all state and county
roads. That all trunk roads do not ex
ceed 6 per cent and all lateral roads
do not exceed S per cent, excepting that
temporary grade may he aaoptea ana
constructed on rotintv roads where the
County Commissioners and the County
engineer are agreed that It is neces
sary.
Resolved. That we exnreas our thanks
to the Commercial Club of the City of
Seattle for its Interest In good roads
and for their communication to this
convention. We ask that It be record
ed In full in our minutes and that the
press give it the publicity which the
Importance of the subject warrants.
BlirraeODstttmlonal. .
The resolution pro-riding for the bill
encouraging the use of wide-tire
wagons, and providing a fine for narrow-tired
ones, was pronounced on the
e-pot to be unconstitutional by Judge
Ronald, of Seattle, and amendment to It
wss made, providing for the recom
mendation to the Legislature of a bill
that will be constitutional and at the
same time will effectually rid the roads
oi narrow-urea wagons. .
A separate and special mention was
made extending the thanks of the asso
ciation to Samuel Hill, and expressing
the gratitude of the convention to that
well-known exponent of good roads.
The motion was carried unanimously.
Two sections of the maiorltv renort
of the legislative committee were in
corporated in the resolutions, with no
opopsltlon. These were the following:
We recommend the passage of a law
permit-ting the County Commissioners
to acquire a right of wav upon the
payment into court of the amount de
termlned due therefor by viewers, with
out further proceedings. The owner o
the property having the right to aDDeal
to the courts from the amount deterA
mined as due him.
We recommend that the State Uni
rerslty and the State College give i
short course by lecture, or otherwise,
eacn winter, open to all persons, upon
the elements of road bulldlns-.
The bill championed by John P. Hart-
man, ana jntroaucea ny i-TanK terrace.
of Or! 11a. providing for the taxing of
automomtes si prr horsepower for the
maintenance of roads, was reported
favorably by the special committee to
wnicn Jt was referred, but waa laid on
tn table indefinitely.
Wish o Avoid Fight.
In order that the bitter fight over
credentials might nut be repeated, the
following constitution and by-laws of
the Washington State Good Roads As
sociation were adopted:
First Name The name of this as
sociatlon shall be the Washington State
uood Koaas Association.
Second Object This association Is
created and established for the purpose
or promoting and rostermg the con
atructlon and maintenance of good
roads throughout the State of Wash
ington.
Third Officers: (a) Its officers shall
consist of a president, five vice-presl
dents, secretary and treastirer. All but
the secretary shall be elected annually
by the members In convention assem
bled, andall of whom shall serve avith
out pay, provided, that the convention
may. at Its discretion, allow tbe secre
tary such compensation as may be
proper and equitable under all of the
circumstances, (b) The secretary shall
.be appointed by the president.
Fourth Time of Meetings: A con
vention shall be held annually at the
call of the president, snd at such place
as may be agreed upon by the preced
ing convention.
Fifth Membership: The voting mem
bership of this association shall con
sist of the following: a) The Gover
nor of the State of Washington; (b)
the members of the State Highway
Commission; (c) every County Com
missioner In the State of Washington:
(d) every County Engineer in the Mate
of Washington: (e) every good-roads
organization, ever commercial organ
ization, every farmers' union every
Grange, and every other like and
kindred association or organization
having for Its object and purpose the
upbuilding of the Interests of the peo
ple of the State of Washington, and
shall be entitled to one delegate in said
convention and to one additional dele
gate for every 50 members of such or
ganization; (f) every officer of the as
sociation; (g) presidents of the State
University and State College; (h) the
deans of the engineering departments
of the colleges of the state, and one
representative for every 60 students.
Sixth Standing committees: The
Our Christmas Offer
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will be gone in a few days. Standard Pianos of recognized merit,
are these. ,
Kranich & Bach Rosewood case
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Wellington Mahogany case $165
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Schubert "Walnut case $295
A great bargain.
Hallet & Davis Mahogany, case $275
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R. S. Howard Mahogany case $240
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Bauchmann Mahogany case $175
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Jesse French Walnut case $285
This piano worth $475.
Goetzmann Mahogany case $265
In best of condition.
Brewster Oak case $215
Slightly damaged in shipping.
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Schubert Art style mahogany $367
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Knabe The world's best piano $308
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Knabe Baby Grand, mahogany $625
This piano worth $1050. It is good as new.
Organs $25 K
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president of this association shall, an
nually, appoint the following standing
committees: (a) A committee of five
for legislation, which shall report and
recommend to the association such sub
jects of legislation as it may deem
most needful to meet the purposes of
this organization; (b) a committee of
three on general arrangements, whose
dutv it shall be after the convention
shall have selected the place of Its
meeting to make such arrangements
as they deem necessary for the proper
and suitable meeting of the associa
tion and the accommodation of its
members, and the seating of its dele
gates In a body to themselves; (c) a
committee of three on finance, whose
dutv it shall be to recommend from
time to time such measures as In it;
Judgment shall be calculated to serve
the rmanciai interests 01 mis associa
tion, and to audit and report from
time to time nnon the accounts of
any officer of this association charged
with the handling and aisoursing
funds, and who shall also require from
such officers a surety bond, at the ex
Dense of this association.
The chairman shall appoint such
special committees from time to time
as mar be deemed necessary to Dest
promote the interests of the associa
uon.
Seventh Dues: The annual mem
bership fee shall be one dollar for
each member of this association, which
shall be paid before he is entitled to
seat in tne convention.
Kighth Amendments: The by-laws
may be amended at any regular meet
ing of the association by majority vote. I urer of this association, shall, prior
Ninth Order of business: The com- I to the regular convention, prepare and
mlttee on arrangements in connection ' publish a program and order of busi-
witn tne president, secretary and treas- ness for the coming convention.
We Give Away
Absolutely Free of Cost
The People's Common Sense Medical Adviser, in Plain
Eoli'h, or Medicine Stimplined, by K. v. nerce, in. u..
Chief Consulting Physician to the Invalids' Hotel and Sur-
. . T. r- I t 1 r tfUlO 1 ' - i I
gtcal Institute at duusio, a dook ok iwo large pages uu ,
over 709 illustrations, in strong paper covers, to any one sending 21 one-cent
stamps to cover cost of mailing nly, or, in French Cloth binding for 31 stamps.
Over 630,000 copies of this complete Family Doctor Book were sold in cloth
binding at regular price of $1.50. Afterwards, one and half million copies
were given away as above. A new, up-to-date revised edition is now ready
for mailing. ' Better send NOW, before all are gone. Address World's Dis
rsNtAKY Mbdicju. Association, R. V. Pierce, M. D., President, Buffalo, N. Y.
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TO McMUBBAY, Gen. Pas. Agent, Portland, Oregon
111
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