TIIE SUXDAY OREGONIAX, PORTLAND, SEPTEMBER 18, 1910.
8
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1 1 MJ
FY SPENCER S. SIXUGER, D. D.
THE one thing usually neglected In
rose culture is the proper prepa
ration of the Rround. Without
doubt a fairly stiff clay soil in the Ideal
for a starter. If It has natural drain
as of Kravel or sand about three feet
beneath the surface, and the clay soli
be suitably enriched, we will have the
Ideal for general r growing. True,
the tea rose enjoys a lighter aoll, and
many of the hybrid tea roses do well
In a llchter soli. But clay, clay, clay
Is to he the basis, and then each rose
l.i ! enrlclud and lightened to suit the
hybrid perpetual, the hybrid tea and
the tea roses. Jf naturai drainage of
gravel or sand is nut yours It will pay
to dl out the soil for about two and
one-half fed deep, fill lu lx laches
of aruvcl and then replace the aoll.
Lots of work? fcure! Hut a great
truth about roses was never bctte
M ill J than la the opening chapter of
l'ean Hole's work, "A Book About
Roses."
ii who would have beautiful roses
In his garden must have beuutlfu
rises In his heart. He must love them
well anil ulwa). lie iuu.it have not
only the glowing admiration, the en
thu.Hia.Mii, and the passion, but the ten
derness. Uie thoughtfulncss. the rever
ence, the watchfulness of love."
Lacking clay In my rose garden at
Ji-litngham, I excavated to the depth of
two feet a bed for some choice roses.
Mixing with the clay I had obtained
some of the excavated ground. I re
filled the bed. The result? In a very
(harp content the following year I cap
tured four first and three secund prl7.es
at the rose show. And every prize
w-on. except one first and one second,
came from this specially prepared rose
bed. Hut If you have ordinary garden
soil, and will properly plant roses
where they w-ill have plenty of sun
shine and alp you will have rosea
jtalore.
For instance, for my row garden In
Vancouver I was forced to have the lot
graded when the clay soil was quite
wet. and this soli was mostly that ex
cavated for the basement of the dwell
ing. A most unfavorable starter, save
the fad the soil waa clay. Neighbor
concluded that the rose would either
die or come to nothing;. But they did
not consider that I dug out the ground
for about two feet deep and two feet
across and put well-mixed sold around
each rose planted. being sure that
each knob where the rose had been
grafted on the Manettl root and I
grow only grafted rosea waa put
about three Inches below the surface
of the ground, thus limiting If not
preventing the crop of wild suckers.
All this after I had carefully cut off
every piece of bruised root and also
cut back almost all the healthy roots
some, and oarefully spread the roots
of each rose so that none were crossed
or planted too deep. The result waa
as fine rosea as I have ever grown.
Here, in a nutshell, you have about
all that la needed for the proper plant
ing of rosea. Technical and minute In
structions are oftener confusing than
otherwise. Purchase healthy. S-year-old.
out-of-doors-grown rose bushes
from a reputable dealer, even If the
first cost la a little high. Then prop
erly plant them In the ordinary garden
soil, and reoults will be good. True,
'.f you want the Ideal, then look to
Ihe clay and the drainage, with prop
er enrichment of soil.
The 'Queen of Flowers' has many
tncmlea. if the other flowers are Jeal
ous of the Queen and have hired as
sassins to destroy her, these assassins
certainty understand their business and
are faithful in their work. From child
hood to old age the Queen has a fight.
Fortunately, good cultivation will do
much to prevent or control the many
pests the rose Is subject to. I believe
that proper planting, cultivation, prun
ing and spraying as a preventive will
Jtevp almost any rose bush In a healthy
condition. Preventive spraying, which
should be done during the Fall. Win
ter and Spring. Is the secret of healthy
r-se bushes In the Summer. Spraying
calendars, giving the day In each month
when each kind of spraying liquid Is
to he used, are almost all of them
worthless, or worse than worthless,
harmful. The less roses are sprayed,
excepting when the bushes are dor
mant, and the more they are cultivated
the better rosea you will have. Spray
the bushes In the late Fall, Winter and
In the early Spring, before the leaves
tart to grow, with Rose Bordeaux Mix
ture, mixing arsenate of lead with the
early Spring spraying and If the beds
are properly fertilised and cultivated
with a hoe during the Spring and Sum
mer the roses II1 be better without
any spraying after the leave have ap
peared In the Spring. Cultivation should
he as frequent as Is needed to provide
a gooj dust mulch, but shallow, so
a not to disturb the feeding roots of
the riKie. which are near the surface
of the ground.
The Rose Bordeaux Mixture Is the
one lnrll.ipenim.ble for ms culture. The
market Is full of ready to use mlx
trres and substitutes, but the one safe
thing Is to make your own mixture.
Tills can be done with but very little
trouble If the following directions are
followed: dissolve one pound of sul
phate of copper (blue vitriol In two
gallon of hot water. As the blue vit
riol corrodes tin. it must be dissolved
In an earthen vessel. Let the mixture
stand overnight, when the copper will
le fully dlsolved. Then strain through
a cloth anil keep the strained liquid in
a well-corked and well-glazed Jug.
Dissolve one pound ,f freih. unslacked
lime In two gallons of cold water, pour
ing the water on the lime slowly. Let
It stand overnight: etlr and strain
through a cloth and keep In a tightly
corked Jug.
When a sriray l to be used, take one
quirt of the copper solution and one
I'tart of the llrne solution, shaking the
lit before pouring out each liquid.
Ti en odd I S gallons of water, thus
rri-iking tw
gallons of spraying solu-
t!..n.
Superior cultivation Is a arvit preven
I if of aphis. Keeping the ground freo
f-orn W'-eds and a baked surface will do
much to frtlmul.-it vigorous gromth of
rse-bush. and thu destroy the feeding
gr.MTfl fo api;i
M Iri-w Is a f.vrmi-uible enemy. pre
rr.c:ve mfsir'i are decidedly the- best
thing to do. Dissolve ore-half ounce of
uIoMde, f potassium and an ounce of
t:.ivlr.cs of pure soap In two gallons of
lot witter, strain and us with an auto-s;-rav.
Pure soap Is used, because tt will
jit hurt the foliar, and because It will
dis-otirare any activity of aphis, as well
si rm the sulphide of potassium to
s:ck b, tter. This spray should be used
v"Ut tice during growing season:
tli- f rsi time after the leaves are well
unfolded In the Spring, and the second
time atuur ths f.rMt blooming icmoo. It
wlll do much to prevent mildew and
aphis. After mildew appears there la lit
tle that can be done. The best plan Is
to cut off every diseased leaf and branch
ar.d burn them. Never, under sny cir
cumstances allow the cuttings from a
rose-bush to lie on the ground and this
whether mildew Is present or not. Burn
up all cuttinga. The application by the
use of a good powder bellows, of a pow
der made by mixing one-third soot and
two-thirds flour of sulphur, to the rose
bu."h. Is the best remedy after the mil
dew appears. But the preventive spray
ing with the potassium and soap solu
tion; the presence of plenty of both sun
shine and air, both of which may be aid
ed by proper pruning: the avoidance of
sprinkling rosea In the evening which
outside of mulching with reeking, fresh
manure. Is the most prolific cause of
mildew and the frequent and proper cul
tivation of the ground, so that no hard,
baked cmrt excludes the air and sun
shine from the roots, will be the best
that can be done to prevent mildew. Of
course. If you grow Killamey. Her Maj
esty, and some other roses that always
mildew, no matter where nor how you
plant them, nor what you do with them,
you will have mildew.
For Winter mulching, and Spring en
riching of the ground, use. unless the
ground Is a wet soil and not well drained,
cow manure. But don't put MX inches of
reeking, fresh cow manure on the rosn
beds for mulching and be surprised If
you have poisoned rose 1ufhes and mil
dew the next Spring and Summer. The
be.'t way to prepare both a mulch and
fertilizer Is to get a galvanized Iron pan
made. about five inches deep and as large
as you will need, with a few small holes
In one corner of the bottom of the pan.
Then build a Vght board box. with
neither top nor bottom, that will fit In
side the galvanized Iron pan. Put in this
box fresh cow manure, cover tightly and
shed so that no rain can get Into the
pan or box. Let the llquir drain through
the holes In the corner of the pan and
keep In a Jar or keg. both to be well
closed, to be used for liquid manure In
the Spring and early Summer, or pour It
back on the manure In the box. In one
year this box of manure will he properly
rotted and ready to he put on the rose
bed In the early Winter, to remain for
a Winter mulch and to be dug fn early
In the Spring. If you are so situated that
you cannot do this, then mulch srtth
well rotted manure, and dig that In early
In the Spring, using artificial manures
during the Spring and early Summer.
Fall planting of two-year-old bushes of
hybrid perpetual and hyblrd tea roses Is
the best. I have never yet lost a single
Fall-planted rose, and late Spring plant
ing has cost me many bushes. But Fall
planting must be well done. Following
the rules for the preparation of tho
ground and planting, let the Fall-planted
rose be so cut back that no staking Is'
needed. On the Pacific Coast the plant
ing should not be done before the last of
November or the first of Dertrnber. In
the Middle West and East, In October.
If planted too early, a growth of bush
111 result and the first fretzo will seri
ously damage the bush. If planted kite.
there will be none, or very little growth
of bush but root growth will go on and
make a Spring growth of bush that Is
Ideal. After planting, mulch with well
rotted tnnnure and keep the mulching,
during the Winter, well up around the
bush. Losses of Fall-planted roses comes
almost wholly from the wind working
the mulching and soil away from the
rose bush out even to the very ends of
the roots. Then a sudden freeze and a
dead rose bush. Keep the mulching well
up around the base of the bush during
the Winter, and Fall planting will bring
roses In June that no Spring-planting can
do. Tea and tender roses had better be
planted m the early Spring. Hot-house
roses. If you plant such things, can be
planted any time In Spring or Summer. I
It Is Impossible to give directions for
pruning that will apply to all roses. The '
I JIeRQIC cMoTHEBS OFSPlONEER.5Dr
BY MART W. AND HARRY a GREEN.
THE Catholic colony of Mary
land, in the days of Lord Balti
more, there came a young woman
of gentle birth, great beauty, and of a
masterful daring- It was not a time
when women were wont to figure In
public matters, yet this woman was for
years to exert a powerful and controll
ing Influence In the affairs of the prov
ince, and It Is writ In the records that
she was the first woman in the world's
history to demand the right of suffrage.
It was In the year ICS! that Leonarl
Calvert, a yonnger brother of Sir Cecli
Calvert. Lord Baltimore, and bearing
his appointment as governor of the
province, brought to the shores of
Maryland some 300 colonists. 20 of
whom were men of wealth and posi
tion, and the others skilled farmers
and handicraftsmen. In the party were
Father White, a priest who waa to
exert a most peaceful and kindly In
fluence over the Indians of the little
peninsula: Thomas Cornwalys, a sturdy
soldier and loyal, "the Miles Standlsh
of Maryland," as he was to be called
In later days, and Thomas Green, a dull.
weak, though honest man wbo waa to
succeed Calvert as governor.
Four years later. In 16.13. there came
another shipload of colonists, a part of
which were gentlefolk, and the others
farmers and skilled workmen of a class
highly desirable In the new province.
In this party were "Margaret Brent, a
gentlewoman." and her sister and two
brothers. Giles and Fulk, and their
"servants." five mtn and four women
in reality settlers alio had bound
themselves to labor for from three to
live years for their pusaage and their
establishment as homesteaders. The
ship after Its long and tiresome voy
age arrived In early November, and the
colonists first saw the shores of the
Chesapeake brilliant In the heaaty and
glow of Indian Summer. Orioles and
scarlet tanagers, blue Jays, and rice
birds piped and chattered in the forests,
and wild flowers stlil bloomed, vying
in brilliancy of coloring the red and
gold of the autumn foliage and the
purpling clusters of wild grapes that
hung In festoons from every tree. It
was. Indeed, a land fair to look upon,
and gave grateful promts of milk and
honey to the wearied voyagers.
Governor Calvert gave warm wel
come to Margaret Brent and her sister
and brothers. Giles Brent waa ap
pointed a member of the council and
advanced from one position of
row lvnoks that have Illustrations of rose
bushes, showing the markings, where the
first and the subsequent prunlngs shall
be. always seem to me to suppose that
the grower of ropes must curry a book, a
I-aciflc Pearl's Pride, owned by W. B. Da
yard stick and a piece of chalk to .meas
ure and mark the places where the bush
Is to be cut. A few general rules belong
to pruning.
First Prune so that the new growth
will make a beautiful bush as well as a
beautiful bloom.
Second Always cut to an outward
po'nted eye. This prevents the crowding
of the center of the bush If you are care
ful to rub off many of the inside shoots
that appear and cut out entirely the
canes that come Inside.
Third If you want Summer and late
Fall blooms, cut back after the first
blooming season. Much of thta can be
done when roses are cut for the house,
the hospital and the "shut-ins." Make a
liberal stem to each rose you cut, observ
ing the rule of cutting to an out-pointing
eye. If this leaves too much stem on the
cut rose it can be trimmed after the
cutting.
Fourth Remember that insects rarely
ever deposit their eggs on the lower part
of tho rose branches. If the final prun
ing in the Spring Is a close one. and
every cutting la burned. It will mean the
destruction of thousands of rose pest
Fifth Late In the Fall cut out all
weak growth, and cut back the canes
so that not too much bush Is left to be
switched around by the Winter winds,
thus work the mulching and soil away
from the rose and endangering loss by
freezing. In the Spring cut out all
extra canes and cut back the canes that
are left so that an attractive bush will
result. Hybrid perpetual roses should.
as a rule, be cut back vigorously; Hybrid
tea roses not so much and tea roses less
yet- Hut these are only general rules.
Many of the new roses are a law unto
themselves when It eomes to pruning.
Hugh Dickson, J. B. Clark, a magnifi
cent rose. If properly pruned. Mrs. Stew
art Clark, Dr. O'Donel Brown and a few
other vigorous growers, need to have
special pruning or you get poor roses.
The rule for these roses Is to out out
entirely all but from four to six canes,
and cut the remaining canea back very
moderately. When the new, rank canes
shoot up they should be cut off when
about three feet high. Side branches
win then form and give magnificent
roses. If these roses are pruned back
like the weaker growers should be, the
result will be a rampant growth of
bush and few and Inferior rosea This
Is true of many of the new and vig
orous hybrid tea roses. Indeed, despite
11 I could do with them, Mrs. Stewart
Clark and Dr. O'Donel Brown have done
but little else put mage orusn this year.
MARGARET BRENT OF MARYLAND
trust and honor to another, and was
even made acting governor during Cal
vert's absence, when be was called to
Europe In 1443. The Brent family long
played a prominent part In the affairs
of the colony. They took up land on
Kent Island, almost Immediately after
they landed, and built manor houses
and entered actively into business.
In an isolated community where un
married men exceed unmarried women
by nearly two to one, there Is little
chance of a maid going unmated unless
she herself so wills. So it was in
Maryland. There was scarcely an un
married cavalier from Governor Leon
ard Calvert hlmsolf down through the
list of his landed gentry who was not
ready to throw his name and fortune
at the feet of fair Margaret Brent- But
that cold beauty favored no one suitor
more than another, treating all with a
tact that held them her friends.
And ever she was the busy woman
of affairs. She became learned In the
English law. especially wise tn the
statutes covering estates and deced
ents. In whlrh the province was even
more English than the tight little Is
land Itself. Indeed one of the two
courts baron of which records have
been discovered, was held at St. Ga
briel Manor, the estate of Margaret
Brent. She and her sister took up
other lands, founded other manors, sent
back to England for colonists and set
tlers, seed, stock and Implements, and
In other ways managed their property
with masculine ability. Through the
musty old records we find traces of her
buying and selling property, register
ing cattle marks for herself and at
other times as "acting attorney for my
brother." Altogether, she seems to
have been entirely too busy with her
land operations, her stock and grain
raising and her other business ventures
to think of love-making, though Gov
ernor Calvert and ail the gentlemen of
his cabinet might Importune her.
But though loath to be wooed and
won. the fair Mistress Brent ruled roy
ally In her little court of admirers In
the now forgotten city of St. Mary's.
Her Influence was great and always for
the good of the colony and for the ad
vancement of that slgle minded, public
spirited and upright executive who
called her "cousin" and treated her
with the deference of a queen. And
she seems to have been worthy of his
homage. She was a woman of brains
and courage. She had imagination and
executive ability. She knew her little
community and how to manage it and
its affairs with infinite tact. Governor
Calvert'streatment of the Indians was
as Just and as humane as that of Wil
liam Penn, some 40 years later, and
this policy Is said to have bean largely
I 111 ' " - III IIIJ UIIMHII
They are In for one more years trial
and then. If they do not reform, they
go to the Incinerator, where I long ago
consigned KUInrney, Her Majesty and
some other mildew breeders.
Lady Ashtown. Betty. Jenny Guille
mot. Madame Melanle Soupert, Madame
Phllllppl Revolre (one of the most beau
tiful yellow roses in the world),
Madame Ravary, General McArthur,
Pharlsaer (a beautiful rose that Is not
grown as much as. It should bel, and
others of the same character of growth,
will do better If five or six, or even
more, canes are left and those cut back
about one-half the length of cane. Al
ways remembering to cut out all center
growth as well as cut the canes that
are left to an out-pointing eye. There
is no rule of pruning so absolutely Im
perative as to cut so the center of the
bush Is kept open for sunshine and air.
Then such roses as Captain Christy,
Marchioness of Downshlre, Mrs. R. G.
Sharmnn-Crawford. Mildred Grant and
Frau Karl Druschkl, with the more or
less pronounced characteristic of
growth of putting out two or more
branchea In a cluster, must be pruned
to where there seems to be only one
out-pointing eye. and then rub off, as
soon as they appear, all growth of
branches save one at each point.
Such roses as Reine Margaret d'ltalle
(a beautiful and fragrant carmine red
rose that ought to be In every garden),
Edu Meyer and a few others that shoot
out too many branches, but not In clus
ters like Captain Christy, need pruning
back until not so many eyes are left
on the cane, and then all In-pointing
eyes, as well as about one-half of the
other eyes, rubbed off Just about as
soon as they appear.
Then such growers as Mrs. David Mc
Kee, Miss Kate Moulton. Etoile de
France. Elizabeth Barnes, Joseph Hill,
Franz Deegan, etc, should be pruned
so that the growth of bush will be
symmetrical, only observing the rule of
keeping the center of the bush from
being crowded.
There is a beautiful little aristocratic
rose. Countess of Annesley, that will
Influenced by Mistress Brent. She was
a staunch Roman Catholic but always
she stood for freedom of religious
thought and worship, and she is cred
ited with having done much to secure
the passage of the toleration act, which
though Governor Calvert did not live
to see it enacted, he had worked long
to bring about.
It is a great misfortune that the rec
ords are lost that might tell us how and
where Margaret Brent passed her time
the while William Claiborne seized and
held the Isle of Kent, though it was
clearly within the grant of Lord Baltl
more, aided by the pirate Ingles. That
was in 1644. and Governor Calvert, who
had Just returned from England, was
forced to flee Into Virginia with many
of his loyal Marylanders. Wnether Mis
tress Brent was of these or whether she
stayed and guarded her property Is not
known, though the latter course is most
In keeping with what we know of her.
It was two years before Governor Cal
vert was able to put down the rebellion
and again take up his residence in his
own colony. Then he came broken in
health, though not In spirit, and In the
Summer of 1647 he lay upon his death
bed. Around him were gathered a few
of his most faithful friends Thomas
Green, and one or two others of the
Governor's Council. Father White, and
Margaret Brent and her sister, Mary.
Calling the attention of all present that
he was about to make his last will and
testament, Calvert named Thomas Green
as his successor as Governor, and then,
pointing with his emaciated forefineer
to Margaret, with confidence and affmi
ratlon if not with love, he said: "And
you, Margaret, I make you my sole ex
ecutrix. Take all and pay all."
After these terse and laconic instruc
tions, it Is said the dying man lay back
on his pillow and asked that all should
leave the room "except Mistress Brent-"
What passed between them at this final
parting on one knew except Mistress
Brent, and she was not one whom It
would be pleasant to ask, but It was
most evident that In her he reposed the
utmost confidence, and most faithfully
was his trust fulfilled.
Mistress Brent at once took charge of
the house and estate, inventoried his
proivorty and his obligations, which.
after the debts were paid, amounted to
only "one hundred and ten pounds ster
ling." But Leonard Calvert's property
was not all he bequeathed to ner wnen
he said "Take all and pay all," accord
ing to Mistress Brent's way of thinking.
She made claim that since she had been
appointed executrix of Leonard Calvert
she had the right to succeed Leonard
Calvert as Lord Baltimore s attorney,
and In that position to receive the prof- ,
Its and pay the debts of bis estate and
V It. ' . it . , -ws- - X - si)
repay ail the care Its delicate growth
demands. Keep it free from weak
canes', cut back only moderately, feed
with plenty of animal or artificial fer
tilizer, and some of the most exquisite
spiral buds will be the result. The
color is a beautiful rosy salmon and
the fragrance Is delicious. It is not
large but the form and color of the
bloom Is elegant.
to carry on all of Lord Baltimore's busi
ness in the province.
Some of the colonists objected to this,
having doubts of the legality of the
claim, but Mistress Brent, ever daunt
less of opposition, applied to the Prov
incial Court for an interpretation of
her rights. Knowing of the powers of
persuasion we can well understand that
the court ruled entirely In accord with
her wishes.
Margaret Brent was now not only
mistress of Governor Calvert's mansion,
but by a decree of the Provincial Court
she had become attorney for Lord Balti
more, with control of all the rents, Is
sues and profits of his estate. Lord
Baltimore did not know anything of
this, but that did not disturb Mistress
Brent. ..
Now .however, she was to allow her
audacity to carry her farther than ever
before and to meet with her first de
feat. She decided that she had as good
a claim as anyone else to a vote In the
General Assembly. Leonard Calvert, as
attorney for the proprietary lord, had
the right to vote, and now that Leon
ard Calvert was dead and she was act
ing attorney she claimed the right to
a vote. Furthermore, she claimed that
as Leonard Calverts executrix she was
entitled to another vote. In other words
she demanded representation for a for
eign lord who had never authorized her
to act for him. .and another for a dead
man whose only Instructions to her
had been. "Take all and pay all."
It was In January, 164S, that Mis
tress Brent made this astonishing stand
for womans rights. She had ridden her
horse four miles from her home to Fort
St. John, where the General Assembly
met, and there was the light of a high
purpose in her eye when she entered
the assembly-room. The members were
expecting something of the sort and,
while they were determined not to
grant her demand, were at a loss how
they could well refuse. And Governor
Green was the most disconcerted of all.
Vainly the Assembly hedged her about
with rules and precedents, and tried to
prevent her speaking. But speak she
did, and almost carried tne assemblage
oft its feet with her persuasive reason
ing, and but for the sudden-found firm
ness of Governor Green, ever Jealous
of her power, the planters might have
granted her request- It has been said
throughout the colony that Calvert
would have dons better had he made
Margaret Brent his successor as Gov
ernor and appointed Thomas Green as
his executor. Anyway, the usually vac
illating Thomas braced himself for ac
tion, and as the musty records show,
declared that "the said Mistress Brent
should have no vote In the house.
"The said Mistress Brent, as might
have been expected, made a most vigor
ous protest, objecting vehemently to the
action of the Assembly. In the archives
may be found this entry:
'January 21, 1647-48. Came Mrs. Mar
garet Brent had requested to have a
vote In the bowse for berselfe and
Three very commonly grown roses I
never grow, 1. e.. General Jacqueminot,
Maman Cochet and Kaiserin Augusta
Victoria. A dozen splendid crimson
roses that do not get the "blues" when
they get a little off, are far superior to
the scarlet General. Maman Cochet is
an ungainly bush and a drooping bloom
that is out of proportion to the branch
and in no way Is equal to Mrs. Edward
voyce also, for that att the last Court
3rd Jan. It was ordered that the said
Mrs. Brent was to be looked upon and
received as his Ldps .Attorney. The
Govr. denyed that the sd Mrs. Brent
should have any vote In the howse.
And the sd Mrs. Brent protested
against all proceedings in this present
Assembly unlesse shee may be present
and have vote as aforsed."
It was but a short time after this
that Governor Green had to come to
Margaret Brent for advice and help.
Governor Calvert, when he raised
troops to put down the insurrection
headed by Claiborne and Ingles, had
promised to pay them in full out of
his Lordship's estate. His death had
prevented his making good this prom
ise, and now Governor Green found
himself facing a mutiny in his army.
Mistress Brent was equal to the emer
gency. She at once sold enough cattle
off his Lordship's estate to satisfy the
claim, and herself addressed the half
starved men and quieted the insur
rection. Lord Baltimore knew nothing of the j
appointment of the woman to act as
his attorney for some months after it
had been done, and then not from her
friends. He was led to believe that she
was an officious and meddlesome per
son, and is said to have written "tart
ly" and with "bitter invectives" to the
General Assembly. This body, the same
that had refused to allow her a vote,
sent a spirited reply to Lord Balti
more In praise of Margaret Brent and
her wise conduct. They told his Lord
ship that they did 'Verily believe It
was better for his own advantage and
the colony's safety that his estate was
In her hands than in any man else's."
They eaid further that the soldiers
would never have treated any other
"with that civility and respect which
they had always shown her," and when,
at times, they were "ready to run Into
mutiny," she was the only one In the
colony who was able to pacify them.
"All would have gone to ruin," they
wrote, if Mistress Brent had not been
proclaimed his Lordship's attorney by
order of the court. The letter ends with
a dignified protest that Mistress Brent
deserved "favor and thanks from his
Lordship, rather than all those bitter
Invectives" which he had been pleased
to express against her.
In other words .the Assembly which
refused her a vote defended her against
the Lord of the colony and declared her
to be the ablest man among them.
Margaret Brent died at St. Mary's in
1661, In the 61st year of her age, hon
ored and respected from one end of the
province to the other. To the end of
her days she continued to lead a life of
energetic activity always a fearless.
vigorous but dignified personality. She
might have had graven on her tomb
stone these words, written of her near
two centuries later by a historian of
her own state:
'Had she been born a queen, she
would have been as brilliant and dar
ing as Elizabeth; had she been born a
Mawley. Kaiserin Augusta victoria is
a good roso, but is excelled by Mrs.
David McKee and the newer rose of
that class, Molly Kharman-Crawford.
Then the newest rose of this class, Mrs.
Foley Hobbs. is a fine rose and far
superior to elthor of tho three men
tioned. I am sure It will prove to bo
the leading rose of the above class, of
which the Kaiserin Augusta Victoria
was the first ono on the market. I
have not been able to got this new
rose, Mrs. Foley Hobbs, but it made a
fine showing at the recent London Rose
Show.
I have been anxious to have Rhea
Reld measure up to tho expectations of
Its grower, that gentlemanly rosarlan.
Mr. E. G. Hill, of Richmond, Indiana.
But it will not do It. Mr. Reid has
given to the world three crimson hy
brid tea roses of merit: General Mc
Arthur, Richmond and Rhea Reid. His
favorite, I suspect, is Rhea Reld. But
I am sure that General McArthur Is
decidedly the best general purposo rose
of the three. General McArthur is good
color, does not fade quickly. Is a con
tinuous bloomer and very fragrant. It
is not so vigorous a grower as Rhea
Reld, but fully vigorous enough for a
general purpose hybrid tea rose.
The remaining two articles of this
special series will be given to the great
rose event of the world, the London
Rose Show, and the magnificent new
and old roses exhibited there. All tho
new seedling roses, those that received
either a gold or silver medal or not.
will be fully described and pictures of
many of them printed. These two ar
ticles will contain matter of more in
terest to the rosarlan than usual and
will furnish a guide on buying the
newer roses as well as some of the
older ones. Tho loss of some photo
graphs, necessitating the getting of new
ones, will make it impossible to pub
lish the articles before early in October-
I add a word about that magnificent
rose, J. B. Clark, the cut of which Is
published with this article. No rose
will be more disappointing unless It be
carefully pruned as stated in this ar
ticle. No crimson hybrid tea rose will
give better returns for intelligent cul
ture. It is difficult to describe the
exact manner of pruning this rose, but
a little patience and observation will
soon demonstrate to each grower the
method of pruning that will give the
best results.
man, she would have been a Cromwell
In her courage and audacity."
(Copyright, 1910 .by Mary V. and
Harry C. Green.)
Costly New York TerinlnaL
Boston Globe.
The new terminal of the Pennsylvania
Railroad Company in New York and the
yards connected with it cover 28 acres
of ground, contain 16 miles of track, have
21 standing tracks, required the excaw
tlon of 3.000,000 cubic yards of . material,
consumed 160,000 cubic yards of concrete,
and occupy the former site of 600 build
ings. The building required nearly half a
million cubic yards of granite for the
faces alone, and this, with other material
of this character, brings the total up to
47.000 tons. There are also 27,000 tons of
steel and 48,000 tons of brick which enter
into the construction of the station alone.
The transportation of the stone from th
quarries in Mtlford, Mass., demanded the
use of 1140 freight cars.
Japan's Park of the AVorld.
London Tit-Bits.
Kioto, Japan, Is spoken of as the "park
of the world." Everything there Is beau
tiful. It was formerly the capital of th
empire. It has a population of 380,001
Within the city limits are 378 Buddhist
temples and 82 Shinto shrines. The prin
cipal products1 are pottery and porcelain,
cut velvets, cloisonne wares, brocades
and embroideries. The beauty of tha
products Is significant of the beauty ol
the place.
First and Last Love.
London Tit-Bits.
Humor la not usually held to be Sig
nor d'Annunzlo's strong point, but
there is some wit in this saying of
his, which Comoadia (Paris) prints.
He was asked what is the difference
between a man's first love and his last
love. "The difference is," said d'An
nunzio, "that he always thinks his firsl
love is his last, and his last his first."
The Wheel of Fate.
Carlyle Smith, In New York Sun.
Some twenty years ago or more
She jilted me. the lovely Rose.
And as I left her father's door
The red-hot tears. In sorrow sors.
In torrents coursed along my nose.
8he later wed my rival. He
Was really quite a pleasant chap.
I could not blame her for that she
Preferred a man like that to me.
Although I walled my heart's mishap.
True she was twenty-five, and I
Had lately come to twenty, flat;
But love is Jiardly reckoned by
A point of lovs. Hearts rectify
A dlfferenoe as small as that.
Bot yestere'en their daughter fair,
A Rose more beautiful by far
A Rose for beauty past compare
Became my wedded life, and there
Ton see how queer thine sometimes are
Revenge Is sweet, the wise men say.
I burst into a, loud guffaw
To think that she who on that day
Bo coldly sent me on my way
Had now become my mother-in-law.