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DEMONSTRATION TRAINS GET RESULTS
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BY R. O. CAT,LVERT.
Is the history bt the "Jtefl Riir "Valley,
with Its slowly dirninishingr wheat yield,
to 'be repeated In the Fe louse country of
Southeastern "Washington?
Thte Is the question that the "Washing
ton State College and three great rail
road systems arc endeavoring to have
answered In the negative.
To dispel the single crop idea and discourage-
over-enlargement of individual
land holdings, recognized as the two
greatest menaces to the prosperity of
what Is one of the greatest grain belts in
the world, is the effort the railroads are
putting forth in conjunction with the col
lege officials and faculty.
This effort is being carried out by the
operation of colleges on wheels, or what
are popularly termed demonstration
trains, and thousands of dollars have
been expended in the campaign.
Within the last three years tha-"Wash-ing
State College has equipped 11 of these
trains, nine of which have, traveled in
the Palouse. Walla. Walla and Spokane
districts of Southeastern Washington. Of
these nine trains four have been operated
by the Oregon Railroad & Navigation
Company, three by the Northern Pacific
and two by the Inland Empire system.
Two were operated this season, one by
the Oregon Railroad & Navigation Com
pany, closing its tour June 25. while one
toy the Northern Pacific has been out
during the past week.
AVnile all of these nine trains neces
sarily did not show at the same points,
the same general territory was cov
ered and in two instances, last year,
three trains showed at 'the same two
towns within a period of three months.
One might think that the farming
demonstration movement would lose
its attractions for the farmers of this
district, but the record of the attend
ance at the demonstrations Just given
on the Oregon Railroad & Navigation
system indicate that interest is in
creasing rather than diminishing.
Attendance Very Good.
With the exception of the first day
of the journey the attendance was as
yood as, and at most places better,
than at any preceding train operated in
Southeastern. Washington, and what is
more to the point, the audiences were
composed of a greater percentage of
actua.1 farmers than at .any time there
tofore. 1
As the trains traveled through the
district this year the fact was ascer-
talned that the gospel preached by the
college experts is taking root, not gen
erally throughout the country, but
here and there In numerous notable
places. The results of these individual
efforts are beginning to show and the
railroad officials and college men are
satisfied with obtaining a few such re
sults of their work in each locality,
ns It was never expected that the farm
ing demonstration movement would
cause an immediate and sudden transi
tion generally to more advanced
methods of soil cultivation.
The train that ended its journey
That the argument against large
farm holdings is right was illustrated
to those on the Oregon Railroad &
Navigation Company's train who took
note of certain parts of the territory
traversed. For instance in the vicinity
of La Crosse the railroad is the divid
ing line between a great tract, where
proper farming methods are indiffer
ently practiced, and another large ex
tent of territory divided into the most
prosperous looking farms in Eastern
Washington. The poorly cultivated
land is in large holdings and the well
. tilled fields and comfortable farm
houses are those of men who have
small possessions in comparison with
the average of 3000 acres held by in
dividuals throughout the major por
tion of Southeastern Washington.
The advice that Canada field peas
and Minnesota corn be grown in ro
tation with wheat is gradually being
accepted among the farmers. On a
tour one year ago, the O. R. & N. Co.
made free distributions of field peas
and corn and offered prizes to boys
for the best results. One boy, who
won a cash prize of $30 for best re
sults with his corn, reported to the
train officials on the recent trip that
he had also cleared several hundred
dollars selling seed corn to neighbor
ing farmers. Now as one journeys
through the country numerous tracts
of growing corn and peas are to be
seen from the car windows where once
only rolling hills of wheat or Summer
fallowed fields were to be viewed.
June 25 . was the longest and best
quipped of all trains that have oper
ated in this section of Washington, and
was similar in the general character
of the work undertaken to that oper
ated earlier in the year in Eastern Ore
gon by the Oregon Railroad & Naviga
tion Company. The subjects treated
Included all the branches of agricul
tural industry followed in this section
of the Northwest, with the exception of
the lectures and demonstrations on
poultry raising, the scope embracing
dairying, horticulture, more and better
livestock, chemistry of the soil, the
conservation of moisture, rotation of
crops, farm mechanics and general
cultural methods. The route traveled
took-he train in a circle of the Palouse
country and northward as far as Rock
ford or within 27 miles of Spokane,
and southward to the Columbia River
at Wallula and to within a few miles
of the Oregon State line at Walla
Walla.
' Three Bells Are Visited.
The points visited aro located In
three belts with differing amounts of
annual rainfall.
In Asotin, Garfield, Columbia, east
ern Walla Walla and most of Whitman
and Spokane Counties the annual rain
fall is from 16 to 20 inches: in middle
Walla Walla, eastern Franklin, eastern
Adams, eastern and northern Lincoln
and southwestern Kerry Counties the
annual precipitation is from 12 to 16
inches: In western Walla Walla, west
ern Franklin and western Adams the
rainfall is from nine to 1 2 inches.
In the last named territory, conser
vation of moisture is the most im
portant problem confronting the farm
ers, while in the other two belts
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where the rainfall is heavier, moisture
conservation is also an Important mat
ter for consideration, but what is most
strongly Impressive is the wasted op
portunity for continuous crop produc
tion on every acre found in the practice
of Summer fallowing half the land
every year. '
Where the rainfall is from 12 to- 20
inches the advice given by the college
experts is that it is possible grow a
crop on every acre every year by till
age that will conserve the moisture and
by rotating forage crops with the
grain. Where the rainfall runs below
12 inches diversity in crops is recom
mended, but the farmers are not ad
vised to abandon Summer-fallowing.
The production of more and better live
stock, which not only provides a pro
fitable use for the forage crops, but
a means of returning exhausted ele
ments to the soil, has been recommended
wherever the train Btopped.
Law for Breeders Needed.
During the " week Professor W. T.
McDonald spoke frequently on the
necessity for the State of Washington
adopting a law for the protection of the
breeders of standard-bred horses.
Professor McDonald declares that the
adoption of such laws by other states
and the failure of Washington to get
in line has resulted in making this
state a dumping ground for grade
horses certified to as pure bred by
fraudulent associations. Approximate
ly 60 per cent of the stallions adver
tised in Washington as pure bred, he
declared, were grade animals. Profes
sor McDonald would require registra
tion of stallions with a proper com
mission, regulation of advertising and
inspection of animals for hereditary
diseases and unsound qualities. a.
Continuing his livestock discussions,
Proiesor McDonald said:
Hogs are very high in price, and are get
ting scarcer all the time. We do not know
where we are going to get pork. We send
out of the state for live hogs alone, not
considering dressed pork, over $2,000,000
every year. Yet we can raise hogs as well
as ' they can anywhere else. While wheat
is 51 a bushel, we will of course have to
get a good price for hogs if we secure a
profit from swine production. However, we
can raise other crops which will do well.
1 will mention three crops especially adapt
ed to this part of Eastern Washington,
namely, alfalfa, field peas and corn.
Alfalfa will grow very well under East
ern Washington conditions, and has a high
feeding value for hogs. The same . thing
may be said of . peas, and we can ' turn
the hogs in on them and they will do the
harvesting. I know of one farmer in East
ern Whitman County who last Fall sowed
an acre of peas as a hog pasture. He
weighed the hogs when he turned them In
on the peas, and when he took . them off.
finding that his gain from this one acre
of peas was S78, with no expense of harvest
ing. Hogs Would Aid Hai-vest.
On the average large wheat farm there
is a considerable amount of waste wheat
and other grain, and the bogs will harvest
It If given an opportunity At this point
the question of making a hog-tight fence
will naturally ' arise. We know of people
who have paid for the hoy fence in one
year from the profits of swine production.
"We cannot - do thla well every year, of
course, but it is reasonable to expect the
hogs to pay for the fence in a "very few
years. Sheep are profitable animals to raise
In this connection.
Dairying Is becoming ' quite an . industry
and we And many farmers who are begin
ning to see that In this pursuit lies a very
attractive source of revenue for the East
ern Washington farm. The all Important
thing In this business is to keep no cows
except profitable ones. Several "boarders
will materially reduce the profits, of an
otherwise good herd, and may. as well be
eliminated. '
D. O. Lively, general agent of the Port
land Union Stockyards, also talked at
each station on tho livestock situation,
paying especial attention to th neglect
of the hograising industry in the North
west. Mr. Lively said that the packers
.who purchase stock at the Union Stock
yards send $400,000 monthly to the Mis
souri River territory for live hogs while
ri.000,000 worth of packing-house prod
ucts is shipped to the Pacific North
west each mont"i and sold. This money
can be kept at home, asserts Mr. Lively,
THE SUNDAY
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if the farmers will pay more attention tj
livestock.
The lectures on sol1 tillage covered an
important part of :hc wore on the tram
:id were delivered b Proitssor- R. W.
Thatcher, director of the slate experi
ment stations, and by Professor C. C.
Thorns, soil physicist. Professor Thorns
said :
Moisture MuHt Be Saved.
The vital question of semi-arid farming is
the conservation of moisture. Save every
inch -of precipitation that falls, if poseible.
It is often the case that the amount of
moisture a farmer has in his soil com
pared with that which he might have had
spells the difference between . success or
failure. 1
To conserve the moisture in the soil it is
necessary to make use of the best methods
of tillage. Cultivate the ground so that
it will take in and hold every bit of mois
ture . that falls. To do this 'we must culti
vate in the Fall. Plow if possible. Xf you
plow for the best results, the furrows should
not be turned squarely upside down, but
should overlap at an angle, like the shingles
on a roof, only with the loose ends turned
up. If the furrow is turned upside- down,
the result is a smooth, compact surface,
which soon runs together and is slow to
take up moisture. On the other hand, if
the furrow Is not turned squarely over, but'
laps against the next one, between these two
there Is a break through which the water
finds ready entrance. - When plowing in the
Fall do not use packers, but leave the soil
as loose and open as possible. In this
condition it is in a more receptive condi
tion to take in and hold all the Winter's
precipitation. If you cannot plow your land
in the Fall, as Is undoubtedly best, you can
at least -disc it, - This will toughen the sur
face somewhat, and it will take in more of
the Winter's rain than if left in the smooth,
compact - condition brought about by the
harvesting and subsequent pasturing.
We would wiBh to give a caution against
giving heavy Fall cultivation on the steep
hillsides where .there is danger of washing
if the soil is loosened too much.
Thorough Fall cultivation should be fol
lowed by as early Spring cultivation as
possible. It is highly Important that the
surface mulch should be formed early in
Spring to check the evaporation, and thus,
conserve moisture in the soil collected there
from the Autumn rains and Winter snows.
By "mulch" we mean a loose, open, dry
condition made by loosening the soil at
the surface with a disc or similar . tools.
Experiments have shown that the three-Inch
mulch gives the maximum conservation of
moisture. This three inches of mulch will
conserve as much moisture as a five or six
inch mulch.
Flowing in Spring.
If It Is impossible to give a good six
inch Fall plowing, or other cultivation at
that time of .year. It is advisable to plow
land that Is to be sowed to crop or kept
for Summer fallow Just as early as possible
In the Spring. Spring plowing should be
followed as early as possible by packing,
using some "form of the Campbell packer.
In Spring . plowing, we would not advise
plowing so deeply as in Fall plowing, say
four or .five Inches. In plowing deeper than
this there is danger of getting the mulch
too deep and the succeeding Fall, when you
come to plant the Winter wheat, the ground
will be too dry at the proper depth, of
planting, for germination; whereas, if the
soil had been maintained . with a mulch
three Inches in depth, the moisture in the
soil would have been within three Inches
of the " surface, and the seed when - planted
would have at once germinated. Thus by
getting a good start and covering the ground
thoroughly, there will lie little danger of
Winter washing even ,in the most severe
conditions. The following Spring this crop
of Winter wheat should be given a thor
ough cultivation, preferably by an alfalfa
disc, and if -this Is not possible, use a drag
harrow. Such cultivation forms a - crop
mulch conserving much of - the moisture
which would otherwise have been lost by
evaporation.
Proper tillage of the soil means a life
of prosperity to the Inland Empire farmer.
He who does not till properly is doomed
to failure.' but in a country as rich as ours,
the words "crop failure" should be obsolete.
A principal part of the demonstrational
exhibits carried! by the train consisted
of forage crops, cereal displays, hybrid
wheats bred and offered to the public
by the State Experiment Station, and
other material along this line.
One entire car was devoted entirely to
grains, grasses, cereals and cereal pro
ducts. Among these were sheaf grains.
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showing eight hybrid wheats resulting
from crossing bluestem on Kubanka, as
well as bulk aamplesyof the four best
varieties of oats, two best varieties of
corn, five best varieties of Canada field
peas, and fourteen of the experiment
station wheats.
Apparatus for the scientific testing of
flour, including a small, home-jnade mill
for grinding and bolting flour from wheat,
scales for gluten testing, dough kneaders.
raising chests, and electric bake ovens
were among this paraphernalia, and also
photographs of actual loaves of bread
baked from different flours made from
Eastern Washington wheats.
An instructive and suggestive exhibit
was a" series of germination tests of
grasses, which showed the increased
vigor and better stand of grain secured
from plump seeds.
Forage Plants Kxhibited.
In the forage plant division was an ex
hibit of grasses adapted to Eastern
Washington, including vetch, - timothy,
orchard grass, oat grass, meadow fesque,
reed canary grass, brome grass, alfalfa,
Sanfoin, red clover, and mammoth clover.
The exhibit illustrating the use of con
crete on the farm included a concrete
block machine, a silo block mold, and
two concrete fence post molds. There
was also an exhibit of wood creosote for
fence preservation, which is supposed to
about double the life of fence posts, and
in the same car a large chart illustrating
the rainfall of all of the state to show
where methods of dry farming are prac
ticable; also a complete set of weed and
grass seeds to be used in identifying
weed seeds when mixed with grass seeds.
The exhibit of weed seeds included all
weeds commonly known to the wheat
belts of the Pacific Northwest, about
300 varieties in all.
The methods of testing the milling and
baking quality of flour were explained
in detail, starting with the grain of
wheat, then following it as it is bolted
into flour, bran, and shorts; next the
glutenr"which may be washed out from the
different flours is shown; and finally the
loaves of bread of different sizes which
are obtained from the same quantity of
different flours.
In the germination tests- an illustra
tion was given of how the cracked ker
nels of grain produce a stand of not more
than ten per cent, whereas plump, well
matured kernels give practically 100 per
cent of grain. The method - of making
such germination tests in sand in small
boxes was shown-and farmers instructed
how they may test the germination of
their own seeds.
Vouungr Apple . Trees Shown.
In the horticultural exhibits were six
young apple trees showing perfect .and
Imperfect specimens of different types.
In this collection., was one of the most
perfect two-year-old . trees, of the Rome
Beauty type which has probably ever
been shown at any exhibit of this, kind
in Eastern Washington. By way of com
parison, there were a two-year-old tree
pruned as it should be, and pruned and
unpruned three-year-old apple trees of
the WInesap type.. '
For orchard equipment there was shown
a Cushman improved orchard spray pump
as a good machine for -any orchard, the
Bean Magic No. 9 hand-sprayer, as a
type of pump for , a few trees, or very
small orchard; and for orchard tools
various orchard discs, the Planet Junior
cultivator, the extension Acme, a spike
toothed disc, and other types for orchard
work. ' . .
In the baggage car devoted to horticul
ture were exhibited two cases of tools
for pruning trees, illustrating all the lat
est and best hand shears as well as the
long-poled ; pruners, types of the best
hand-baskets, as suggestions for the se
curing of fruits where it is not. desirable
to use a -ladder or stand; two cases de
voted to "grafts and how to graft,"
showing the many imperfections of cer
tain types of grafts and how they fre
quently result in becoming an entrance
for bacteria and fungi into the trunks
of trees; and. small orchard heaters.
In the dairy car was an exhibit of six
leading hand separators, a milk cooler, a
bottling machine, a complete outfit for
JULY 10, 1910.
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cleansing dairy implements, three styles
of milk testers, weighing scales, charts
for daily records of yields per cow, and
other apparatus of interest to dairymen;
a farm home electric plant used to- , de
velop electric light and power. An in
structor in charge tested samples of
milk brought in by farmers. For pur
poses of demonstration, a cream separa
tor was run by electricity.
In the livestock car was one pure bred
Hereford cow, two grade Jerseys, one a
I
HEART OF VANCOUVER
-WON BY KING GEORGE
Incidents of Visit in 1901 Gain New British Monarch Kindliest Feelings of
Metropolis of MoBt Western Colony.
BY HAROLD SANDS.
V
ANCOUVER, B. C, July 9. (Spe
cial.) That King George is a. good
sport is the unanimous opinion of
the people of British Columbia, his west
ernmost possession. He is the only Brit
ish sovereign who : ever visited the . Pa
cific Coast. When he was here in the
Fall of 1901 he made himself solid -by the
simple expedient of attending 'a game of
lacrosse,' Canada's national pastime. To
do it he sadly ruffled the feelings of
some of the monocled gentry who drew
up his programme, but he won forever
the good will of the "common people"
and the sport-loving public. He knocked
a hole in the schedule of his Canadian
tour in order to see the "Salmon Bellies"
of New" Westminster, . the lacrosse cham
pions of the world, cross sticks with
the Y. u C. A. twelve of this city, and
he confessed it was-worth -while.
"It was a Jolly game." he said enthusi
astically in that English way. of his.
When . the royal . programme was out
lined. New Westminster, the third prin
cipal city of British Columbia, felt itself
distinctly, slighted. No provision had
been made for the royal visitor to make
a stay in the ' town which Queen Vic
toria herself named in the stirring . days
of the Cariboo gold rush. Indignant- civic
officials triedT to get a change made - so
that the tour should embrace at least a
short call at the rising . town on the
banks of the Fraser River.
"It cawn't be done, you know,', said
the dignitaries who made up the royal
schedule. "We cawn't deviate from the
programme."
"But we are holding our agricultural
fair; surely his royal highness . can take
a look at that." said one "colonial."
In their best court manner the cold and
dignified officials - of - the royal entourage
signified that there - was "nothing, do
ing." - '
But when George V. reached here one
not-to-be-downed New- Westminster man
managed to get hold of him when, the
gold-laced bodyguard wasn't- looking. .
"We're going to have a fine game of
lacrosse," he confided to George. "Can't
you come?" And" his royal highness, be
ing really human, remarked: .
"With " the greatest ; of pleasure." r If
his wife hadn't- been within r earshot he
probably would have let himself loose and
said: ' "Tou bet your boots." .He had his
Experts - on Q. - R. & N. Train See Fields Growing to
Corn and Peas.
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profitable .and the other an unprofitable
animal; two Berkshire hogs illustrating
the profitable , and unprofitable animal
from-the same litter; a typical Duroc Jer
sey, . a Poland China sow; and three
sheep, one -each of the horned . Dorset,
Shropshire and Cotswold, used to illus
trate the difference between profitable
and unprofitable livestock.
Upon another flat car was constructed a
small yard in which the livestock was
exhibited. On this car, also was the milk
programme changed in the twinkling of
an eye and he thoroughly ' enjoyed the
game.
The British 'King, who was then, of
course, the Duke of Cornwall . and York,
during that same visit strengthened a
very personal love for the throne on the
part of an old man of "Vancouver, by a
simple act of courtesy. He had driven to
the Drill Hall, where were assembled all
the "big wigs" of the-city and those who
had pull enough to get tickets to see the
formal . opening of the building. As he
alighted at the entrance he noticed
among the outsiders gathered there to
catch a glimpse of him, an old, weather
worn and grizzled workingman. Out went
his hand immediately and a moment later
Queen Mary also smilingly greeted the
old fellow.
And who was this man to greet whom
George kept the tall-hatted and Prince
Albert-coated brigade inside the hall
waiting?" He was only an old gardener,
who -had once clipped the grass - on the
lawns. of Marlborough House and swept
the leaves from the paths. The gardener
cherished fond memories of the duke as
a-romping boy.'of King Edward as Prince
of Wales, .and of Queen Alexandra as the
fairest flower of Denmark.
"And how lootes the old palace at
home?" asked the old man. "And how
is the gracious Queen?"
The .royal visitor answered with
grave . courtesy, "Mother's very well.
Indeed, thank God."
"And. everything's just the same at
Marlborough House, I suppose?" went
on the grizzled one.
- "Everything's just the same," mur
mured George, and he once more shook
hands with the gardener and entered
the drill hall.
. While here the royal visitors drove
out to Stanley Park, the great natural
playground of this city, famous all over
the world for Its ' sylvan . beauties.
Among the crowd on the sidewalk stood
a little lad of 9 years, with his sweet
faced mother. Soon Northwest mounted
policemen, in scarlet tunics and car
bines,, held lightly at the iiip. cantered
past on spirited horses. But the boy
didn't seem interested.. A carriage con
taining city notables rolled by. The
lad took no notice. Then there came
slowly . along the royal vehicle. The lad
caught sight, of two faces which the
many 'souvenir" pictures had made fa
miliar. He took off his little cap and
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ing machine, which was operated at each
town, usually upon cows brought in by
tho farmers.
The farm implement car carried two
types, of gang plows with rolling and
long slanting mold-boards and two types
of cultivator attachments;, a Campbell
sub-surface packer recommended for use
on Spring plowed ground; a rightlap disc
plow recommended for use in dryer sec
tions for Summer and Fall tillage, and a
smooth reversible disc.
cheered noisily for "the Duke and
Duchess."
His merry shouts attracted the at
tention of the woman who is now
Queen Mary. She touched her husband
on the arm. and while George gravely
took off his hat to the enthusiastic
youngster his wife smiled sweetly and
gaily waved her hand. to the represen
tative of young Vancouver.
CUTECURA CURES
First Father is Cured of an Erup
tion that Burned and Itched Day
and Night. Then Baby is Cured
of a Distressing Rash.
Neighbors Pleased to Find a Sure
Cure for Skin Afflictions.
"I suffered for eight years with what tha
doctors called the 'mvren year itch-.'' This
was like email red pimples such as form on
the face but they burned and itched, day and
night. These pimples were from my ankles
up, but mostly on my thighs and arms. I
tried doctor after doctor but their medicines
brought no relief. But at last I struck the
rifht treatment this was Cuticura. I
boueht a set of the Cuticura Bemedies Cu
ticura Soap, Ointment and Fills and a few
applications brought relief. When I bad used
about half the set I was nearly cared and after
using two full sets I was well and best of all, I
bare stayed cured. ;
"About four months ago, oiir baby began
to be covered with a rasb and his head witn a
spreading sore. Back of tha ears, the flejh
cracked open and the poor ' baby would
cratch till it bled. ' He worried.- cried and
could not sleep. Then we bought a set of
Cuticura and with a few applications tha
burning and itching ceased, baby, stopped
worrying and could sleep. When this single
set had gone we had no use for any more as
baby was never troubled with the diaia
again. The neighbors who saw the condition
of the baby all asked what cured him and
when we told them, they were surprised aad
pleased to find a sure cure for these akia
afflictions. Edward H. , Carter, 323 North
37th St., Camden. N. J., Mar. 6, 1810."
A alocle set at Cstlenra Soap and Ointaast la
often snfnctent. rendarloc ft tha most emninleal
treatment lor s&eettona ot tha akla aad aes.lp. BM
tftrooghont the world. Potter Drue Cboto. Orp .
Bole Props.. 135 Columbos Ave, Boeton, Mass.
sykltliwi free, latmt Catleara Bank ra Traaw
mtmt of Bktn aad &!p Afitcttoat.
SB m