0 THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, MARCH 6, 1910. SPARE MINUTES SPENT IN GARDEN BENEFIT BOTH HEALTH AND PURSE Even Small Back-Yard Plot of City Home Will Supply Average Family With Much Finer Vegetables Than Can Be Purchased at Any Price Planting Should Begin Now. BT RAL.PH R. KOL'TLBDGB. TO cover the subject of the home garden carefully and fully, -would" require much space and more de tail than the average reader would care to read. Therefore, the writer will only endeavor to give the Infor mation In a general way, touching on a few of the most important items. Gardening is one of the most lofty and inspiring occupations for man, wo man and child. It brings us as close to Mother Nature as we can ever get in life. . The secrets of Mother Earth are so wonderful and so unlimited in their scope that the deeper we study them tho more mystified we find our selves at the end of our study. All beginning seems hard, and In order to be really successful one must con sider gardening a healthful pleasure, which it really is and not labor. One year of gardening will prove this: but this Is not the only benefit to be derived from this work. You can not appreciate the delicious flavor of vegetables unless you have grown them yourself in your own garden and plucked them just previous to prepar ing them for dinner. Tou never can buy fresh vegetables in the city and you do not realize the value of fresh vegetables until by chance you find an opportunity to taste them. Some of your friends may have informed you that it costs more to raise your own vegetables than to purchase -them. 'Such an idea is wrong. ' Economy can be studied in all works of life: and with proper care applied to this work, gardening can be made more than profitable. Do not be dependent upon wnat the provision dealer offers you, but grow it yourself right near your home, where you can pluck anj-thing you want, any day of the season, and something you cannot purchase as good elsewhere. Vlien to Start. The planting of early seeds such as cabbage, tomato, cauliflower, celery, etc., should be attended to early in February and March. The average city gardener, however, does not care to raise these plants from seed for they require hotbed, or greenhouse and as these plants are easy to obtain and quite inexpensive, they are generally purchased in season at the seed stores. Cabbage. cauliflower and celery, planted early in the outdoor garden, will produce fine plants for late plant ing. Now. if we do not start with the hotbed, the first work begins with the garden proper. Location of the Garden. In the city, it is not a question of where to make the garden, but ''where can -we make it?" We must make the best of the available ground. Of course, the most desirable is a location with a southern exposure and where the soil is well drained. While this is not essential it is much better, especially for the early garden. Preparing tlie Garden. Thorough preparation of soil for tho sultivation of vegetables is of the greatest importance, and Is funda mental to success. In Western Oregon the first work in the garden is usually begun about March 1. No particular date for starting work in the garden can be set,' as the location of the gar-, dens and the conditions are so differ ent. There is only one safe rule to be guided by and that is: Do not spade or work in your garden soil until it is dry enough not to lump up when worked. When you turn over a spade ful of soli it should be dry enough to be pulverized and raked down, fine and mellow.. All gardens should be Seeply cultivated and the top soil pul verized to a depth of four to six inches. Soil of a sandy nature is especially good for early crops. Too much atten tion cannot be paid to the thorough cultivation. Fertilizer for Ihe Garden. Stable manure is much used and verv satisfactory, if it is well rotted anil well spaded under. Avoid'Fresh man ure. The greatest objection to stable manure for the garden or lawn is the. amount of weed seeds it contains. Many gardeners', on this account, prefer the commercial fertilizers, which really are cheaper and easier applied, say nothing of the troublesome weeds. A 2ri-ponnd sack of fish fertilizer, worked into the top soil at seeding time or after the plants appear is as good and contains as much real plant food as a wagon load of stable manure. The fertilizer question is a deep study, and by its intelligent use crops can bo doubled or trebled. Remember, for best results, the gar den must be well' cultivated before the seeds are sown. Where the area is small and must he worked by hand, we would recommend to spade the gar den twice before planting, putting on the stable manure, if you use it, before the second spading. If the garden is situated low. or composed of heavy land, it is well to ridge the beds, so that tho water will not stand upon them. Do not make your beds too large, but try to make them all of the same eize and arrange them to make your vegetable garden just as .attractive as your flower garden. What to Plant. Because this paragraph comes after the preparation of the garden, do not wait to get your seeds, after the gar den is ready to plant. Buy early and avoid the Spring rush. The seedsman can give you more attention, and you'll get your order without any delay. Get a seed catalogue from a Tellable firm which handles high quality seeds, read it over carefully and make out a list of what you think you would pre fer to plant. If you are not sure of the amount of seed you'll require for a certain sized bed. or 50-foot drill, the eeedman can tell you, or. you can refer to the seed tables that are generally printed in the back on all up-to-date fceed catalogues. The cultural direc. tions are printed on the back of most seed packets. The Seed Order. The writer, after many years of seed relling. is willing to advise about as follows for the average-sized city gar den. Th following table shows the amount to plant, variety, kind, time to plant and cost: Cost 1 pkc bush beans, ereen podded, April to August 10 1 pKs bush beans, wax podded. April to Aukum , .10 1 pkfc pole beans, long preen pod. April to August 10 1 PkK beet beans, early. April, May, June . . ! 05 I pkg cabbage, for Fall. June. July .03 1 pks cabbage, for early. March OX 1 dos cabbage plants, March, April 20 1 dor cabbage plants, late. June, July.. .JO 1 pkt carrots. April. May 05 1 pkt celery seed. April. July 10 1 dax celery plants. June. July 20 1 pkt Swiss chard (sea Kale), April. June 05 1 pkt sweet corn, early. May io 1 pkt sweet corn. late. May. June 10 1 pkt cucumber, pickling. May. June. . . . .03 1 pkt cucumber, slicing. May. June 10 1 pkt kale, drawf. May to September 05 1 pkt lettuce, early curled, March to August .10 1 pkt lettuce. smooth - leaved head. March to August 10 1 pkt muskmelon, early. May 10 1 pkt watermelon, early. May 10 1 lb onion sets, for early. March. April. .15 2 pkts onion seed, for later. April. June .10 1 pkt parsley, for greens. April. May... .05 1 pkt parsniD. Mav. .Tune .05 1 pkt pew, early, smooth, February and November 1 pkt peas, second early (wrinkled). 10 March. April , 10 1 pkt peas, large, late. April. June 10 1 pkg potatoes, very early, March, June .75 VIEW IX F. D. 1 Pkg potatoes, late. May to July 4 60 Note. Plant selected seed potato stock for best results. - - 1 pkt radUh, early, round. March, June, August .'. .: 05. 1 pkt radish, medium, March, June, - August ; ' .05 1 pkt radish, long, April, July 05 1 pkt spinach, t for Summer, March, June .05 1 pkt spinach, for Fall. June. July 05 1 pkt squash, for Sumrn,er, May 05 1 pkt squash, for Winter, May, June 05 1 pkt turnip, early, March, June. 05 1 pkt turnip, late, June, August ...05 The seeds marked with a star may not appeal to all planters, but by intel ligent planting you cair just as well have them as not, for the additional room used,, if you double-crop your ground, is comparatively little. ..For instance, when the cabbage plants are ready to set out, plant them in the let- i - 3 --fir? lff --vsa? 3 METHODS ADVOCATED BY ROSARIANS IN ENGLAND, VALUABLE IN OREGON - " - ' " " ... , . ..... . . ,, . , i Simple Eules Governing Pruning Are Presented After Careful Study Every City in State Should Have Society to Promote Interest and Culture of Queen of Flowers. PY WILLIAM E. SIBSON. THE National Rose Society, of Eng land, includes In its membership the leading rosarians, not only of Great Britain but also of the world at large. The growth of the Society in recent years has been almost phenomenal, in dicating thereby the rapidly growing interest in the Cultivation of the queen of flowers. As late as 1S00 the mem bership was only about six hundred, while at this writing some four thou sand rosarians, professionals and ama-teurs,- are recorded in its archives. The gold meda.1 of the society has become recognized and is accepted universally as a certificate of excel lence in any new rose, so fortunate to be honored by its award. The principal rose show of the So ciety, has been held annually in Lon don, since the year 1877. fts character and scope are truly National. Here may be seen the beEt grown roses of England, Ireland and Scotland, and, here are first exhibited those new in troductions, which later became fam ous in the world of roses. Queen Patron of Show. On the opening of the annual show, usually held the first week in July, her Majesty, the Queen, who is pat roness of the Society, with her at tendants, is the first to pass along the exhibition tables, after which the gen eral public is admitted. Charges for admission are as follows: Noon to ? P. M., 1.25: 3 to 5 P. M., 60 cents: 5 to 7 P. lii., 25 cents. Mem bers of the Society are entitled to cer tain free admissions, and they may al so purchase tickets at reduced prices. In addition to this great rose show, there are about forty other exhibitions held during each season In various parts of the kingdom, either by the National Rose Society itself, or socie ties that are affiliated with it. Tho in come of tho Society, which is derived from memberships, entrance fees to the rose shows, special prize donations, etc.. now amounts to , some $12,500 an nually. Most of this sum is disbursed for prizes, printing, advertising, etc., so that the accumulated reserve and cash balartce is not large, amounting at the close of the season of 1908 to about 14500. The publications of the society, which are furnished free to members, are ex ceedingly valuable, comprising the results of the best and wisest experience upon the many topics Incident to rose culture. For instance, and to make these remarks practical and of some seasonable current interest to local rose lovers who may read this paper, I will quote the Intro ductory remarks of the handbook 6n the subject of Pruning Roses: How to Prune Roses. VThe following general directions and explanations should be carefully read before proceeding to carry out the in structions afterwards given, or the read er may fail to grasp the meaning they are Intended to convey. "The late Rev. A. Foster-Metliar in his 'Book of the Rose,' pointed out that the necessity for pruning arises In a great measure from the natural growth of the rose. 'By watching,' he said, 'an un pruned rose tree, either wild or cultivat ed, it will be found that the first strong shoot flowers well the second season, but gets weaker at the extremity in a year or two, and another strong shoot starts con siderably lower down, or even from the very base of the plant. and thus soon absorbs the majority of tha sap, and will eventually starve tuce or radish bed. for by the time they are well established, the 'early veget ables are gone and out of the was". Extra early potatoes will be out in time for a late crop. The vine seeds can be planted in the corn hills,- or along the edge of the garden where some early truck will soon be out. I'nder "The Time to Plant" you will find as a rule, two or three months given. For early or first crop, plant A ft v 1 Ml . ''A MATTHEW'S ROSE GARDEN', THIRD AND during the earliest months: for second crop, or Winter supply, the later months. Profit From the Garden. ? The seeds above, if properly planted, and cared for, will produce close to $100 worth of excellent vegetables, and I venture to say that, the person who takes care of tho garden will get that much more pleasure and healthful bene fit, in addition to the saving, or profit, -and then there is still one thing, more of greatest importance, you will have a quality of vegetables for your table that could not be bought from tho hawker, or corner grocerymalf. There is as much difference between fresh, crisp vegetables from your own garden and the dried, withered produce that the original shoot and be itself thus starved in succession by another. A rose in a natural state has thus every year some branches which are becoming weak ened by the fresh young sltoots growing out below them. This is one of the prin cipal reasons why pruning is necessary. A rose is not a tree to grow onwards and upwards, but a plant which in the nat ural course every year or two forms fresh channels for the major portion of the sap. and thus causes the branches and twigs above the new shoots to dimin ish in vitality. Two Distinct Operations. "This being tho case, in order to main tain the strength of the plant and to keep it. in the shape required, the wornout shoots must each year be cut away, and the . temainder left almost their entire length as in the case of climbers; or shortened back to a greater or less ex tent as the nature of the variety or tho object for which the plant is grown may require. Pruning, therefore, is the art of im proving the productive power and the ap pearance of the plant. It consists of two distinct operations. (1) The removal of dead, weak, overcrowded or otherwise useless shouts. Unripe wood which in the Spring will usually be found to have dis colored pith caused by the Winter frosts should be cut clean away at the base of tho shoot. (2) Pruning proper, the short ening or those shoots which are allowed to remain .after the thinning out process has been completed. "Tho most frequent errors made in pruning are (1) leaving too many shoots when thinning out; (2) pruning severe ly the shoots of varieties which require little, if any, shortening; (3) pruning lightly the varieties which require se vere pruning; (4) leaving rose planta crowded with shoots and cutting these to a uniform length all over the plant in a similar way that a hedge Is clipped. "In thinning out a shoot It should be either cut clean away to the base of tho plant, or to its sta'rting point on the older shoot from which It springs, as the case may be. When tho plant has been pruned the shoots should be left as nearly as possible equi-distant from each other, and regularly ar ranged round it so that it presents a well-balanced appearance on all sides. "When pruning a shoot it should al ways be cut to a dormant leaf bud, or 'eye,' as it is called, pointing out wards. In order to keep the plants in a healthy and vigorous condition, some of the shoots which are more than two years old should each year be re moved to make room for younger and more vigorous growths. Purpose Governs Method. "Roses require to b somewhat dif ferently pruned according to the pur pose for which they are grown. For Instance, shoots must be cut back se verely if the plant be required for the production of exhibition roses, but if for ordinary garden decoration tho shoots must, be left longer: If' to form bushes they must be left still longer, and if to clothe pillars, arches, etc., some of the shoots will scarcely re quire shortening at all. "To cut down rose plants as is ad vised in the following pages in order to obtain exhibition blooms may seem to the beginner likely to endanger the life of the plants, whereas in practice the harder the shoots are cut in the Spring the stronger will be the new growths made during the Summer. - "When pruning a rose for the deco ration of the garden it should be borne in mind that It is a decorative garden plant, whether it be the large bush or you buy, as there is between skimmed milk and cream. There is one other point that I want to lay special stress on. and that Is. the quality and kind of seeds you buy. The improvements and superior quali ties of the new and late introductions In vegetables are just as great in propor tion as the improvements in other lines of merchandise and when you buy your seeds, be sure that you get seeds of high quality and of. the best varieties. Now, in closing, I wish to add a. few words about the general appearance and effect of the vegetable garden. Plan it out carefully, make the small beds for lettuce, radish, etc.. about three feet wide and eight or ten feet long, so that you can reach half way across them from the path on either side. Use a small rope or a board to guide you so as to make the rows straight. 'Plant the tall or large growing truck at the back or one side, and last, but 4 i LINCOLN STREETSj. not least, plant some flowering bulbs, or plants around the garden to beautify It. A hedge of sweet peas, dahlias, roses, or flowering plants of some kind will divide it off from your lawn or main yard and Improve the general ap pearance of your place and at the samo time, produce a good supply of flowers for the table and house decoration. There is an old rhyme that runs: "The man with the hoe is the man with the dough." Try it and see. There is one thing certain, the man that handles the hoe will be better for his work, for there is much pleasure and satisfaction in producing fine vegetables and beau tiful flowers, you get close to nature, it's an interesting, healthful and Invig orating pastime for the ' children, as well as the older ones. pillar to stand alone, or the dwarfed' kind to be massed with others in a bed. As a large range of kida is available for decorative purposes, it is necessary, in pruning, as will be seen by the instructions which follow, to take into account their individual hab its and requirements. "A large and strong-growing rose usually requires spine two or three years after planting to reach its full size, and it is therefore during those first years that the plant has to be built up, and its framework, as it were, formed. "All roses tho first time after planting should be pruned severely, that is to say, they should be cut down to within three or four inches of the ground. Even in the case of strong growing climbing varieties only, the strongest shoot should be left more than ono foot in length. "Roses planted in the Autumn should be pruned in the following Spring, and if planted in the Spring should bo pruned at tho timo of planting. "After the first year they should bo pruned in accordance with tho instruc tions which follow: For Ordinary Cultivation. "In pruning roses for ordinary culti vation or for the decoration of the gar den the following rules may be laid down, which apply to all: "All dead and unripe shoots must bo cut clean away to the base whence they started. "In shortening the shoots always cut to an 'eye' pointing away from the cen ter of the plant. "Summer-flowering roses (those which bloom only once in tho season), generally need thinning and training rather than hard cutting, and last year shoots should bo left long, two-yea.r-old shoots rather shorter, and tho three-year-old -shoots shorter still. ' "The same thing will also apply to a great extent to perpetual flowering roses, but .in their case too hard pruning will not destroy, but only defer the season's bloom. "Climbing roses, should have' some of the olde shoots cut away entirely each year, directly after the plants have flow ered in the Summer, and the young shoots lightly tied in to take their place. A - ! -. " ' fi k; rv X' SEEDS Vegetable, Flower, Field and Grass Seeds, Onion Seeds and Sets, Roses, Fruit and Shade Trees "WATCH BUTZER'S LAWN GRASS GROW" All first-class lawns are made by planting Butzer's Lawn Grass. This is the best seed on the market, and no better can be had any where.. Price, per pound, 25c, or five pounds for $1.00. JT "RT TT 188 front street w JLJ J JL f I flAV PORTLAND, - - OREGON Headquarters for Burpee's Famous Seeds MIRIAM BEAVER Sweet Pea A jrlorious new Spencer variety. Color, soft glowing- aprieot pink, and entirely distinct. Price, per packet, 25c. s TOM WATSON WATERMELON Gigantic new melon; deep red color and delicious flavor. Price, per packet, 15c. "THE MORSE STRAWBERRY" The finest berry ever introduced. Large, luscious fruit; color, deep carmine. Northwest. Price, per dozen plants, $1.00. c c. 66 JACKSON STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Any shortening of the remaining shoots should be done in March of the following Rose Societies Advisable. The foregoing demonstrates how ex haustively and intelligently the subject is handled. Details which follow are minute in their particularity and of in finite value, not only to novices, but also tho experienced in rose culture. Tho right time for, and correct method of. pruning 1100 separate varieties, aro set forth, demonstrated and explained by text and illustration. Among other publications of the society are "Hints on Planting Roses," "The Enemies of the Rose," "Constitution of Rose Soils," "The Rose Annual," etc. Consideration of these matters sug gests the immense possibilities which exist In our own favored Oregon. Should there not be a rose society in every city and in -every town? Each society to be affiliated with a central organization, to be called the State of Oregon Rose Society, under whose aus pices a great annual State Rose Show could be held in Portland during Rose Festival time, at which not only tho Portland Rose Society, but every other rose society in the state could take a part. In these days of rapid transit flow ers for exhibition can be sent in good condition from almost every center of the state. Even the many rose-loving cities of Washington could, and no doubt would, share in such contests. The state society could expend its in come by the issuance at a nominal cost of bulletins, papers, and other useful publications pertaining to rose culture, and generally in carrying out the objects of its being, which should bo "tho en couragement and extension and the im provement of rose culture." AIR LINE SOON TO START Zeppelin lilne AViU Eventually Have Regular Trip to England. BERLIN, March 5. (Special.) The airship "Zeppelin rv." which is being built exclusively for passenger traffic, LAND PLASTER THE GREAT SOIL INYIGORATOR BFPIKPrrS AN V SOIL. HELPS AI.I. CROPS WRITE FOR BOOKLET AND PRICES. OREGON LIME & PLASTER CO. Room -433 Worcerter BIdg. Portland, Oregon. FIFTY THOUSAND TREES SPITZENBERG, NEWTON As well as ' all other standard sorts in apple, pear, peach, prune, cherry, almond, apricot, etc Also gooseberry, currant and all kinds of small fruit bushes and plants. 1 o pr rrnt dlsronnt off reiciilr prlre on nil orders tcivn within SO days. LAFAYETTE NURSERY CO. LAFABTTE, OR. CRIMSONWINTER RHUBARB 1.SO per Ooien. 0.OO per Hundred. 40 per- Thousand. Superlative and other berry plants. Nursery stock of all kinds. J. B. WAGNER, The Rhubarb and Berry Specialist. PASADENA CALIFORNIA. THE KIND YOU CAN'T KEEP in the GROUND NEW CATALOGUE OF - SEEDS-PLANTS TREES, FOR 1910 We offer for the first time MORSE & is nearing completion.. This most mod ern of airships is fitted with separate cabins for tho passengers, which pro vide comfortable sitting accommoda tion, and One of them is aranged as a reading room, where the passengers may And distraction during long aerial voyages. The "Zeppelin iy" has a capacity of 20,000 cubic meters and carries three motors, which, to insur"o greater safety, can work eacb. independently of tho others. -Its first trips will be made between Frederickshafen and Baden Baden. Later on the "Zeppelin IV" will extend its voyages to Hamburg. THE J. K. GILL CO. Third and Alder Streets Out ;)oor !&ooks Here are a few books picked at random from our large stock which you will want to see before the opening of Spring. We invite you to inspect them. No obligations to buy: Garden Makinjr L. II. Bailey $1.50 Gardening for Profit Peter Henderson $1.50 Spraying of Plants E. G. Lodemau $1.00 Bush Fruits F. W. Card $1.50 Milk and Its Products. . ..H. H. Wins $1-50 The Fir:t Book of Farm ing : C. L. Goodrich $1.00 The Garden Yard Bolton Hall $1.00 Three Acres of Liberty. . .Bolton Hall $1.75 Ho-'- to Keep Bees Comstock $1.00 Profitable Poultry Keep ing Bcalc $1.00 My Quest of the Arabian Horse Homer Davenport . . .$2.00 American Birds W. L. Finlcy $1.50 Roses The Garden Library. $1.00 Roses and Rose Growing.. Kiugsley $2.00 Roses at Portland F. X. Holruan. . .-. . .50 Booksellers and Stationers BARGAIN .REGO. 0 THE BEST IN THE WORLD . py fl" e send strong 1-year-old plants of any of "Or DUG following collections by mail, prepaid. flj"0 ff We will send strong 2-year-old dormant bushes r OT )sw.vv cf ally 0f following collections by exp., collect. COLLECTION A a R.AHE NEW ROSES. Regular Catalogriie Hatfs 90 Cents.) Florence Pemberton, Mrs. B. R. Cant, Richmond, Helen . Cammer, Ivory, Killarney. COLLECTION B 7 CHOICE HOSES. (Regular Catalogue Rates 80 Cents. Duchess de Brabant. Coquette T)k Lyon, Mainan Coehet. Kaiserine A. Victoria, Souv. Pres. Carnot, Virginia Coxe, Golden Gate. COLLECTION C 6 NEW CLIMBING KOSlj?. (Resrular Catalogue Rates 90 Cents.) Climbing Bridesmaid. Climbing Meteor, Climbing Perle des Jardines, Climbing Kaiserine, Madame Wagrara, Gainesboro. COLLECTION D CLIMBIXO ROSES. (Regular Catalogue Rates 75 Cents.) Beauty of Glazenwood. Climbing Safrano. Madame A. Carriere, Pillar of Gold, Relne Henrietta, Crimson Rambler. COLLECTION E HYBRID PKRPBTUAL ROSES. (Regular Catalogue Rates 90 Cents.) Alfred Colomb, Coquette des Alps. Clio. Earl of Dufferin. Magna Charta, General Jacqueminot. Beautifully illustrated catalogue free. Describes the largest and finest tock of Roses and other flowers in the Pacific Northwest. V Wholesale and Retail Florists. THE LYON ROSE A gorgeous new variety, imported from France. Color, shrimp pink and chrome yellow. Trice, per plant, .$1.50. "DELICIOUS" CORN An especially fine tabic variety, very early and sweet, producing large, fine ears. Especially adapted to the CO, SE EDS PLANTS TREES Hamburg is building sheds on a large scale, and will be the first place in Germany to possess a properly-constituted airship station. Arrangements are being made by tha Zeppelin Company for the establish ment of an airship line between Ger many and England, with London as the terminus, and . probably with a Dutch town as an intermediate station. A perfect feminine face should mewuve exactly Ave times the width of an eve ireress the cheek bones. The eye should be exactly two-thirds the wldtli of the mouth and the length of the ear exactly twi-e that c.f the eye. The space between the eyes should be exactly the lensrth ot one eye. ii Complete Office Outfitters 5 COLLECTIONS 287 Morrison Street, Portland, Or.