THE SUNDAY OREGONIAX, PORTLAND, DECEMBER 26, 1909.
IEGC30 1
In! lXi
Scientific Study of the Clackamas River, Which
OREGOMAN NBW9 BUREAU, Wash
ington, Iec. 25. In view of the recognized
Importance of the .water-power sites alons
th western base of th Cascade Range
from Feather River In California to the
Columbia, but especially In the vicinity
of Portland, Or.. J. S. XMller, of the
Ignited States Geolojrical Survey, who has
made a general reconnaissance of the
range, was recently sent to make a brief
study of the canyon of the Clackamas
River at a point near Cazadero. about 20
miles southeast of Oregon City.
He reports that the plain lying along
the western bawe of the Cascade Range
st an altitude of about 1000 feet Is trav
ersed by the Clackamas River In a
canyon, and at a point about two mtles
eat of C'asadero the canyon is approxi
mately 6) f-t deep, with moderately
stt-ep slopes of rock cliffs, soil and talus
stretches, more gentle near the top, where
There are landslides, and also at the bot
tom, where there are local terraces,
rapped with gravel.
The rocks of the canyon walls are of
four forms; volcanic breccias, lava sheets,
volcanic dikes and terrace gravels. Of
t hep, volcanic breccias are by far the
niriBt abundant and important.
Occurrence of Volcanic Breccias.
The volcanic "breccia (bed ro-k is made
up of unassorted angular fragments of
lava andesite and basalt of various colors,
ranging in siae from dust particles and
grains f sand to large rock fragments
many feet in riametrr. This framenta!
material was blown by explosive erup
tion from the volcanic craters higher up
on the range and fell upon the mountain
slopes where, it beramc so saturated with
water from tho copious rains arcom
pa nying tlio eruptions that it flowed in
cront 5 tea m tug sheets from the Cascade
Range to th gentle slope of the plains,
in niu. h the same way as similar material
flowed down tlio old stream channels on
the wosteni slope of the Sierra Nevada s
in California, and covered the early and
often rich deposits of auriferous gravels.
Noiifrnirmoiilal Sheets of l ava.
Sheets of solid non f ragmen tal lava,
forming pin t of the bed rock and outcrop
ping on the slopes of the canyon, occur
wit hin nnrt between the great .sheets of
volcanic lre-cia. fome of the lava sheets
re basalt, others are andesite and they
me usually less than fept In thickness.
The basalts are generally very porous
n nd gray or dark. The andesites are
of top reddish and porphyrlt ic with white
crystals of feldspar. One of the largest
lava sheets Is well exposed by t he
wat cr'js edge on t he right ba uk of the
liver, a short distance below the fishery
darn. . A not her sheet outcrops ft hove the
tin in, 1f feet or o from the water level,
and at the proposed dam site, two miles
a hove azailero. there are a number of
thin lava shoots, forming small cliffs on
t he canyon slopes. The depth to which
the sheets of volcanic breccia and lava
extend in the Casadero region cannot be
readily determined, but it is certainly
hundreds of feet and may be, as it Is
along the Santiani and McKenzie River
canyons, over 1000 feet In thickness.
Occurrence of Volcanic IMkes.
Nearly vertical dikes of basalt cut up
through the sheets of volcanic breccia
and t lava and their outcrops on the sur
face have the direction of N. degrees
V. approximately parallel to the general
course of tho canyon, from the Forks to
liartnn. A small group of dikes, about
1." feot in thickness, the Only ones noted,
in the region. Is well exposed along the
THE FEUD
'W
AI back in dancing school days.
when Professor Valentine was
getting up a reception with
featured specialties, he had learned that
If Mabel Gibbs were given the Highland
fling for a solo number, Ethel Prout
must be made Queen of the Fairies or
Uowed to do the Spanish dance.
Mrs. Oibbs and Mrs. Prout never missed
a. Saturday afternoon during the course of
lessons to be right on hand to look after
the Interests of their respective lambs.
When they weren't telling the professor
how to run his class or instructing their
little daughters w4th whom and with
whom NOT to dance, they'd sit in the
front row end nod their heads In time to
the music.
Mabel had black hair, more than shed
ever need, and plenty of features in con
ventional design, scattered prettily ovr a
complexion whose bloom is rarely seen
elsewhere than on the top row of peaches
In a basket. But Mabel didnt have any
thing on Kthel unless one preferred bru
nettes. Mabel was at her best in pale
pink Ethel in baby blue. "Which do you
think is the prettier of the two?' was
enough to start an argument whenever
two or more persons were gathered. Of
course the breach became wider between
the Glhbses and the Fronts after the two
girls were graduated from high .school.
There couldn't be more than one MOST
beautiful and MOST popular girl in such
small social pond.
Mabel's mother threw the first bomb
into the clothes contest by marching
Mabel off to the neighboring city for
an expensive tailor-made suit and her I
first "real" evening gown. From then j
on tho rivalry began to run into money, ,
for you don't think Mrs. Prout would
let that Oibbs girl get ahead of her
angel Ethel, do you?
Mr. Gibhs began to smoke a pipe and
decided there wasn't anything the mat
ter with his last Winter's overcoat
If it had a new liuing. Besides, busi
ness was booming.
As Mr. Prout traveled for the Turner
factory, Ethel and her mother agreed to
see how little they could live on, and it
was truly surprising! Of course, they
didn't eat many meals at home, for some
how they always found themselves at
some friend's house just around luncheon
or dinner time. They declared they never
could keep track of the time It was such
a bother and oh if dear Mrs. So -an J -So
insisted, they'd love to stay she was
such a cook, etc. Evenings, when Ethel'
many a d m Irers d ropped In . of course,
there always were nice little spreads of
chocolate cakes, salads, sandwiches and
cocoa. These served not only the4 pur
pose of attracting youths, but prevented
Kthel from becoming any more ethereal.
Still, the Prouts didn't provide any
more charming refreshments for the
band of cubs, who vacillated between the
t wo homes like a tide trying to cater
to two moons, than did the Glbbses.
And to think that the richest young man
of them all one who had flitted from
Mabel to Ethel with, exciting Impartial
ity had gone and got engaged to a
plain, ordinary girl, who lived about half
way between the rival beauties:
Mabel's mother and Ethels mother
each explained WHY her daughter had
rejected this young man. The principal
iwon and the others don't matter
1 1 i t f5e iif' - .-tst &t- t.'V& 111.
itoxf? &f&i&- 'v'J5ST "-. -it-:tv A-? i r', .s -
vS.tV
SIMILAR TO
water's edge a few hundred yards above
the proposed dam site.
Joint Cracks In the Rocks.
The dikes and sheets of lava in some
places have a well developed columnar
jointing, which divides the rock into col
umns. In the case of the dikes the col
umns lie horizontally and extend across
the dike. In the lava flows the columns
are vertical, but in all cases the columnar
joint cracks are limited to the dike or
lava sheet and do not extend into the
adjacent rock nor make an opening of
great extent.
There is. however, another set of joints,
parallel joints, the open cracks of which
BETWEEN MABEL AND ETHEL
was her own objection to him from the
first.
"If any more of those silly boys come
hanging around here to spend their even
ings," said Ms. Gibbs firmly, "some
lemonade and "sponge cake is quite I
enough to give them. The chafing dish
makes such a mess."
- "Ethel, I've decided to send you on a
visit to your aunt's in Oswego, X. T.."
announced Mrs. Prout. I think a change
Is what you need and don't promise to
correspond with any of these young men
while you are gone."
Ethel hadn't been gone a week before
Mabel was wearing her golf skirt and an
old hat around town all the time, and
actually allowing her nose to get sun
burned. Just as poor Mabel was begin
ning to enjoy herself Mrs. Prout dropped
something about the gay time Ethel was
having at her aunt's, and smiled signifi
cantly when she mentioned "a certain
young man whose father is worth mil
lions." "Remember the sacrifice I'm making
for you, Mabel, said the young woman's
mother, as she said goodby down at the
station. "Two weeks at a Summer resort
costs a lot of money besides all those
clothes you h!ad to have! But if you ara
having a good time ' (Mabel and her
mother understood each other perfectly
"you may stay longer. I know Cousin
Laura will be delighted to have you."
And the very first letter that Mabel
wrote home to her anxious mother con
tained the sensational news that there
was a real live count stopping at thc
same hotel! They- weren't quite sure
whether he was the tall one with the
glasses or the. short, fat man with the
beard, but Cousin Laura thought th
short.
That evening it was all over town that
Mabel Gibbs had become engaged to a
count. By the next afternoon the count
had become a duke and outside of the
town proper people weren't so sure but
that it was a king.
"And all I said w-as: 'Stranger things
Gtbtoa d Xn. Pnnt are b.pomla a mlnaoet aa arood friends aamlm
aa whm tka tw, girlM were set part lemlarly jtttraetlTt jBtuti.
have happened!' gTOaned Mrs. Gibbs
wlien the next letter burst the pretty
bubble she had been hopefully blowing.
"Well. I won't breathe a word about
this ynunc man fi-om Boston until it's
all settled."
Mabel's two weeks stretched into' four,
and when she came home shs was tired1.
jytfAT Of
cut up through the volcanic breccias and
sheets of lava about vertically in a direc
tion approximately parallel to the course
of the canyon. The most pronounced
Joint cracks of this type were
noted along the southern brink
of ' the canyon nearly opposite the
proposed dam site. Such joints may be
of considerable extent and form Important
openings for the circulation of water.
Well developed joint cracks of this sys
tem were not seen in the exposed bed
rock of the, dam site, but they may be
expected and should be carefully looked
for where the bed rock is covered with
soil or gravel. It is especially significant
that the dikes are approximately parallel
iELEKAjjMimJAYTON.
and peevish. Arriving unexpectedly, she
walked up from the station alone.
"I thought you were having a grand
time," said her mother reproachfully.
"Fair." sniffed Mabel. "But what's all
this talk about a Boston feller? Three
people stopped me on the street to offer
congratulations one about the count and
the other two about some Boston feller.
I 'think" I did write something about a
chap I met from Boston; but he was en
gaged to a perfectly heavenly girl from
New Orleans. Say, if Ethel Prout thinks
she's good looking she ought to see that
Miss
"Maybe the Prouts started those silly
rumors about you." suggested Mrs. Gibbs
miserably, "out of spite because Ethel's
millionaire was a false alarm. I see
she's going around a lot with that Mr.
Searle, head bookkeeper for the Turn
ers." .
Mabel, listening for the, front door bell,
began to wonder "what had become of
everybody." There wasn't any one she
cared about seeing particularly, though.
"They're out calling on Ethel." Mrs.
Gibbs remarked consolingly, "because Mr.
Searle seems to be frightening every one
else away."
Ethel Prout happened to be passing
the New Wizzley block for the sixth
time that afternoon (there are so few
places in a small town to wear a brand
new outfit) when who was standing
right in the entrance but that swell
Mr. Sanford, the new insurance agent!
He was talking to Dr. Grant, the dent
ist, and Ethel Jusl knew that Mr. San
ford asked who she was because when
she ventured to look back he was stfrll
looking.
Mabel Gibbs also had a romantic ex
perience with Mr. Sanford which was
almost identical with Ethel's.
The idea was: Who would get the
first introduction?
"I haven't given a party for a long
time," began Ethel to her mother, "and
I was thinking if we had a crowd up
we might Invite that poor Mr. Sanford
through young- Dr. Grant. It's an awful!-
slow town for a stranger, who
doesn't know any of the nice people.?.
""Why not give a dance in Waverly
Hall" suggested Mrs. P'rout with en
thusiasm. "You're like, a feather on
your feet. And you could wear that
.white chiffon." -
Bears on All Streams in the Western Slopes of
to these joint cracks and suggest that
these jont cracks may extend to great
depths.
Importance of l.aiul Slides.
The parallel joints have so weakened
the canyon walls "as to produce local land
slides. . This is especially the case on the
left (south) side of the canyon opposite
the proposed dam site, two miles north
east of Cazadero. A stream of rock
fragments, broken from the jointed cliff
at the top of the canyon slope comes
down a shallow ravine to the river about
a quarter of a mile above the dam site,
while another slide from the top cliffs
a' short distance farther west reaches the
But the GIbbses owned their .own
home.
"I haven't been satisfied with the
way Charlie Peacham has been han
dling our Insurance," 'complained Mrs.
Gibbs to her husband.
"He isn't the only insurance man in
this town," piped, in Mabel.
"Why don't you talk with Mr. San
ford before you renew the policy with
Peacham?" urged Mrs. Gibbs.
"What's Charlie done you don't like?"
demanded Mr. Gibbs. "I've always found
him fair and square."
4 "I've been reading up on such sub
jects," hedged Mrs. Gibbs, - "and my
Ktr. dbfeia baiu inoke m
and decided thre n.in't urUmc
the nutter wltk hla Imat -winter'.
nnt ft It had m lew Ilnlnc
opinion is Mr. Sanford has the best
company to be in."
"Maybe I'll drop in and talk to him,"
said Gibbs, "but "
"Aa the house Is in my name I -like
to be posted, too," broke in his wife.
"Let him come up here some evening
and bring the pamphlets and we can
both look them over."
Mr. Gibbs happened to look at Mabel
just then, which reminded him of the
dressmaker's bill that had come that
afternoon. Well, perhaps it would be
well to help the good work along. San
ford certainly seemed like a hustler.
The very next evening Mabel floated
Into the front room just as Mr. Sanford
was taking out his fountain pen to
write the policy. After some' pleasant
conversation and music, Mrs. Gibbs had
the nicest littfe lunch, which made a
great hit with Mr. Sanford. who was
boarding at the Mansion House.
"Come up to dinner Sunday," invited
Mrs. Gibbs. "I certainly can sympa
thize with any one who has to board
at the Mansion House." '
"Maybe I'll have a place of my own,
soon," hinted Mr. Sanford, blushing.
Mabel also blushed.
Mrs. Gibbs beamed.
Mr. Gibbs said: "My boy. I'll sound
some of my friendand see if I can't
put something in your way."
"Did you over hear anything any more
pointed?" asked Mrs. Gibbs after the
caller had taken his departure. She kissed
Mabel very, very tenderly. There was no
telling how soon' she would be losing her.
river below the dam site. The shoulder
of the left bank tha t narrows the can
yon for the dam site is bounded by these
two slides east and west, and It is possible
that this shoulder itself may have moved,
thus rendering the proposed support of
the dam on the left bankjnuch less se
cure. No conclusive evidence was seen
of such movement. If such slipping took
place, the underlying slipping plane must
be a water carrier, and should be found
by the drills, md test pits in the left
bank that go below "the river level. Along
such a plane there would be more or less
fine material, soft and slippery like clay
when wet. Such material engineers often
eall "soapstone." It would form no core
Of course, the Prouts beard that Mr.
Sanford had called on Mabel Gibbs.
"Never you mind, darling." said Mrs.
Prout. "Any man with two eyes in his
head can see through the Gtbbses. He'll
see that you haven't broken your neck
to meet him."
"If Mr. Searle calls, mommer." tell him
I'm not at home," said Ethel crossly.
The next morning Ethel was on her
way down to Waverly Hall to help the
decorator put pink crepe paper over the
electric light and to see that the floor
had been waxed properly, when young
Ir. Grant overtook her.
For a time Ethel lacked the courage to
speak of the subject nearest her heart,
but finally she ventured when her inter
est wouldn't look suspicious "How's your
friend Mr. Sanford?'
"Why, that's one thing I wanted to tell
you about!" exclaimed the popular den
tist. "He won't be able to come to the
dance this evening and he wanted me to
express his regrets to you. The fact is,
Mr. Sanford has gone away to be mar
ried! Yes, sir. what d'you know about
that for a sudden fit? Of course, we all
knew he was to be married soon, any
way, but it seems the girl wanted a big
affair in June. ;But he sent her a tele
gram, all of a sudden, that he was com
ing on and going to bring her back with
film. He s awfully in love with her and
from the pictures I don't blame him.
Smart as chain lightning, he says. Oh
and Charlie Peacham has sold him the
house on the corner '
But Ethel, with a forced smile -and
abrupt word, washed into the Beehive.
She bought a spool of No. 60 white thread
and left the parcel and 5 cents change
on the counter. That evening at the
dance Ethel Prout's engagement to Mr.
Searle was announced.
Mabel Gibbs is going to be one of
Ethel's' bridesmaids and the two girls
are quite inseparable just now. Ethel is
so glad that Mabel's color is pink as
she'll just fit right into the color scheme.
If Ethel does act a little superior because
she's engaged first, Mabel overlooks it
because she soon will 'have the field to
herself and the future always is so full
of golden possibilities for a girl who is
single!
Mrs. Gibbs and Mrs. Prout are becom
ing almost as good friends again as when
the two girls were not particularly at
tractive infants.
The Bard.
The wind blowa chill, the sky is grajr
aDove;.
Athwart the window pane the raindrop
patters.
Dreary the day yet I would sing of love
And kindred matters.
For sure 'tis easy for- a Bard to sing
When violets bloom and robins are not
dumb what?
But he who pipes, five months removed
. from Spring.
Is going somewhat.
Blow, then, ye blasts! Shut from the
storms apart.
"We dream of Summer, and with love
our hearts ache
"What care we poets? "We go in for art
Purely for arts sake.
"Hail lyric love, half angel and half
bird!
Through changing seasons, ever green
xny myrtle;
Last of thy race! (For hybrids, I have
neard, are quite unfertile.)
Hail, anyhow. For when all tales are
told.
Tha grinding bard can turn his various
loves on
As I do, because thie room is cold,-'..
Write this with gioves on!.
Cleveland Leader.
cf jnzj?fi4jrzow
In drilling and might be readily over
looked. From the nature of the volcanic breccia
which forms by far the greater part of
the canyon walls it is evident that the
drill cores will differ from one another
very much when compared. Where the
drill goes through a sheet of lava or a
large solid fragment it will yield a good
core, but where it penetrates the finer
material, the volcanic ashes, in which
the fragments of all sizes are embedded,
the -core fails, the material is pulverized
by the drill and washed away, and yet
the exterft of this material that is washed
away is of the greatest importance, for
it is the weakest element in the structure
and the one which, when saturated with
water under pressure, is most likely to
become engineer's "soapstone." Soap
stone, properly so-called, does not occur
in that region at all. but decomposed
lava, volcanic ashes and clay, all of which
when saturated with water may become
slippery and would be called "soapstone"
by Kngineers, occurs locally in the vol
canic breccia.
I-arge caverns and cavities, or pockets
Captain Vancouver Circled
Isle First, Says. Victorian
Dr. Newcombe Soon to Establish Right Which He Declares Belongs
Rightfully to Canadian and Not American.
VICTORIA, B. C, Dec. 25. To estab- j
lisli for all time the right of Captain
George Vancouver to the honor of having
been the first to completely circumnavi-
ate Vancouver Island, effectually quiet
ing those Americans who assert that Cap
tain Kendrick, with tho sloop Washing
ton, was the earliest seaman to accom
plish the feat, is the primary object of a
volume containing a circumstantial ac
count of years of research and its results
that will be issued shortly by Dr.' New
combe of Victoria.
The author, it is said, has a more in
timate knowledge of the Indians of the
North Pacific, their outstanding charac
teristics, their tribal customs, the inner
meaning of the mystical carving found
on totem poles w-hich stand before their
tepees and over the graves of their braves
than any other man living. For years
he has been the Pacific Coast representa
tive of the Smithsonian Institution, and
In that capacity, has traveled with the
natives through the wilds of the island,
Northern British Columbia and Alaska.
He will prove beyond pefadventure that
Captain Kendrick never sailed around the
island in the Washington; that those
American historians who declare that
Captain Vancouver's claim "should not
be . taken' too seriously," are misleading
the youth of the United States; lastly.
and more important., that when the dis
pute between the Lnited States and Great
Britain over the Pacific Coast territory,
which now is known as Oregon, Wash
ington, -San Juan Island and British Co
lumbia, was laid before the German Em
peror there was a document or rather a
chart held In the archives at Washington,
E. C, which, had it been Included in the
evidence, might have made a material
difference in the finding and, under any
circumstances, would have most effect
ually set at rest any Inclination to claim
for Captain Kendrick the honor of hav
ing been the hardy seaman who had the
temerity to attempt the exploration of the
unknown.
Dr. Newcombe does not go so far as to
set up the . argument thaf Washington
and Oregon, as well as San 'Juan Island,
should be enjoying British rule. But he
does think it very peculiar, and. does not
hesitate In the expression of the opinion,
that one of the parts of an early Amer
ican navigator's report concerning the
North Pacific which might be considered
to have some bearing on the .case laid
before the German Emperor, should have
been withheld.
, In the pursuit of his researches be has
assembled In his studio the records of all
the important, navigators British, Span
ish and American. Some exceedingly
rare fcpanish memoirs, in the original.
were secured in Paris after many weary
months-: of search, among the dusty
shelves of an ancient book exchange.
Dr. Newcombe said that he had ithe
greatest portion of the data necessary- for
. his book lor some years; in fact, he was
ready to prepare it for publication at the
time ox the Alaska boundary dispute.
Owing to the somewhat inflamed state of
public opinion in the United States and
Canada over that issue, and its outcome,
he refrained lest that it might add fuel
to the fire, with possible serious results.
Now, .he said, the people of the two great
Anglo-Saxon countries were in a reason
able, rational frame of mind. It would
the Cascades
9 '
of loose earth and stones, are not to be
expected in the voleanic breccia, but. ow
ing to the manner of accumulation of the
material there may be snjall openings
and the porosity of the rock is high. It
is pervious to water, and for this reason
similar material is used for making water
coolers.
Tho crushing strength of the volcanic
breccia 'is, of course, small as compared
with granite, limestone, and most other
rocks, and this taken in connection with
its porosity and the possible existence of
undiscovered joint cracks seems to make
a large reinforcement with concrete neces
sary, in order to furnish strength and
prevent seepage as well as erosion.
The conditions that confront the engi
neer along the Clackamas River in the
volcanic breccia plain region are very
much the same as wll be found all along
the western foot of the Cascade, Range
from the Columbia River in Oregon to
Feather River in California, one of the
most important water-power belts in the
United States, and the successful solution
of the problem it presents at one point
will greatly facilitate the work elsewhere.
make no statement or insinuation re
garding the rights or' wrongs of the Ger
man Emperor's decision in tho matter
of the North Pacific territory all that he
wished was to disprove the claim of an
American to an honor which, beyond the
slightest doubt, belongs to the adventur
ous pioneer of pioneers Captain Van
couver. A Love of 57 Varieties.
Young's Magazine.
Ah, me! She had been telling him her
love.
In fact, t'ne recital of it has occupied
her, according to his rolled-gold time
piece, exactly seventy-three minutes.
How did she love him?
Ah; ehe loved him in "57 varieties" of
ways.
Why did she love him?
She loved him (1) because lie pos
sessed dark and fascinating eyes which.
"like red-hot coals burned into her
young soul"; (2) because his head was
covered with a superabundance of
brown, curly hair; (3 because a "dear
of a mustache" adcrned his "fine, sen
sitive lip"; (4) because but why enum
erate any rurther?
He "opened his lips. No use! Nothing
could stem the torrent of her ardor. He
opened hi lips again
Edgar, she cried in alarm, "you are
yawning you have yawned three times
there you go again
"Dearest," he -broke in desperately. "I
wasn't yawning; I was merely opening
my mouth to speak to tell you "
"Yes. yes?"
"That, your rat has fallen on the
floor, dear!"
In the Way or Trade.
Atchison Globe.
Talk tq any man five minutes, and he
will tell you how "much better business
was last year.
Tae Pirn 'Hound Boy.
Th' Pass 'Round Boy has come nex'
door
He's been there two three times buhfor.
His pa that Uvea there ain't his pa,
But his ma she's his relly ma.
His relly pa, he don't live here.
An' .way it's fixed, w'y, it looks queer,
Buhcause, w'y, Where's his relly pa,
The ma there ain't his relly ma.'
An so he's got' two homes, vou see.
An' not just one, like you an' me.
He hafto stay one place a ' while
An' change then in a pass 'round style.
He say 'at once his relly pa
An' him lived with his relly ma.
But they unmarried, an' at now
He's just a Pass 'Jtound Boy somehow.
He says he wisht he was like me
An' things was like they use' to be, -..
An' they lived like they did buhfore.
So he won't pass 'round any more
Th Pass 'Round boy. his name is Jim
An' I think Just a lot of him
But I'm purt near as glad as you
'An I don't hafto pass 'round, too!
Harper's Weekly.