THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN, PORTLAND, NOVEMBER 14,, 1909.
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First Skirmish Next Month at National
Gonyeation of the Anti-Saloon Leagued
the Real Contest by Ballots Next April;!
Strong Organization of United Societies
of Local Self-Gorernment.
M
I AKE Chicago dry for its own
Bake and for the vast moral
Influence such a victory would
have In achieving ultimate prohibition for
the Nation."
"Liet us accept the challenge of these
mifguided sealots and fake reformers,
beat them at their own game and thus
advance Immeasurably the cause of per
sonal liberty everwhere."
First of these Is the slogan of the tem
perance army which Is mustering its force
and deploying its -divisions to drive the
saloon out of Chicago next Spring. Sec
ond is the rallying cry of the United So
cieties, the Personal liberty league and
the liquor interests of the second city
of the Nation.
Events are taking shape for what is
likely to prove the most remarkable--battle
ever waged In an American mu
nicipality for and against the saloon.
Theoretically it is to be a battle of bal
lots at the last, but if the turn of the tide
this way or that be matter of doubt, the
world may well be prepared for some
thing more stirring. The interests that
have a hundred million Invested In the
liouor business in Chicago are not of
the sort to -submit tamely to an invasion
of what they csJl their vested rights. Nor
will the hundreds of thousands who like
to take their drinks when they will and
spend their Sundays how they will be
disposed to surrender peacefully and in
order. Violence will be decried on both
ides but violence will come and crooked
practical politics will play a part, given
the situation and tho motive for them.
To that prophecy history only need be
Invoked as the prophet.
A month or more ago 40.0CO foes of the
saloon marched through the streets of
Chicago with floats and banners that told
of a protest and a hope. A fortnight later
as many thousand German citizens
marched the same streets. In these two
long columns were visualized in a way
the armies which are preparing for the
hock of battle next April. They might
have been called the standing armies,
the forces already equipped for action.
Behind each of these standing armies,
waiting for the call, are scores of thou
sands of volunteers who will, enlist in the
service and fight till the last ballot is
cast on election da'. If victory rest on
the one side the saloon will go; if on the
other it will stay until the attacking
force is ready for another assault.
At this stage in the preliminary skir
mishes the anti-saloon army Is more in
teresting for the zeal and spirit it die
plays than for a definite knowledge of its
actual fighting strength. Never before
have the chances seemed so bright for
concert of action among the foes of the
liquor traffic Not ail the details of the
game of war on that side have been
mapped out, but the first task necessary
to the setting of the ultimate battle ap
pears to be an easy one. It is up to the
anti-saloon leaders to procure the signa
tures of some 60.000 qualified voters to a
petition to have placed on the aldermanic
ticket next Spring a proposition whether
or not the saloon shall be voted out of
Chicago. It Is the question, already voted
on by many cities and towns in Illinois,
of license or no license.
As the last regular election was for
members of the bench and the vote was
light, it will be filling the legal require
ments of a petition to have 60,00 names
attached to it this year as compared with
S0.00-0 necessary the last time the matter
was tried out. Although the anti-saloon
canvassers fell short of the required num
ber at that time, they obtained a good
margin over 60,000 signatures. The leaders
In the movement now believe, with excel
lent reason, that they will have no trouble
meeting the specifications. That much
achieved, the effort then will be directed
to creating sentiment during a lively cam
paign of education and to getting out the
fullest possible anti-saloon vote on elec
tion day.
Unlisted in the fight as dependable sol
diers will be the Illinois Anti-Saloon
league membership, which lias already
aucceeded in making 36 counties in the
state dry and banished the drink traffic
from hundreds of towns and villages In
other counties. James K. Shields, super
intendent of the league, addressed letters
to 150 ministers in Chicago asking their
judgment of the wisdom of a movement
to Morm the saloons. From them 1W re
plies were received heartily indorsing the
proposed campaign. These ministers are
counted upon to recruit their congrega
tions up to fighting efficiency and fur
nish one of the most valiant divisions of
tbc attacking army.
Charles R. Jones, cliairtnan of the Na
tional Prohibition committee, is expected
to swing the full force of his organiza
tion 'into line of battle. The committee's
headquarters are in Chicago and its op
erations can be conducted with the advan
tage of a close range survey of the f-eld.
A committee of 100, with Attorney John H.
Hill as its active spirit, and with its per
sonnel representing vast material Inter
ests in the city, la depended upon to ren
der yeoman service at the critical stages.
The Women's Christian Temperance
Union of Cook County, with Mrs. Emily
Hill as Its executive head, is an influence
to be reckoned Into the equation, as la
the Catholic Total Abstinence Society, an
organization which wields a tremendous
power in the Roman Catholic Church. At
the head of this is Father F. J. O'Oallag
han. of the Paulist Fathers, the National
president. Still another division is the
Young People's Christian Temp-trance
Union, presided over by D. L. Squires. It
Is an organization cf 500 young people's
societies having a total membership of
oono.
.
On the other side the standing army.
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- - A Professor Howe s Christanity
llrt " 4&' rv rive Points in His Lecture Attacked by One Whose Faith Is Firm.
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in addition te those pecuniarily interest
ed in the liquor traffic. Is the organiza
tion known as the United Societies, of
Local Self -Government. Subsidiary to
and allied with rt Is the Liberty League,
claiming an active membership of 60,000.
The total membership of the United So
cieties is close to 200,000 now, and this
number will be Increased as the cam
paign progresses. "When Its annual re
port was read by President George L.
Pfelffer last May. the organization was
composed of 631 constituent societies di
vided thus: German, 334; Bohemian,
167; Polish. 84: Italian, 27; miscellaneous.
19. One hundred and thirty-one new so
cieties were enrolled during the fiscal
year ending in May. The body is now
in the third year of its existence.
Making allowance for members not
naturalized, the United Societies have
over 160.000 legal voters in Cook County
within its Influence. That this claim is,
not exaggerated is indicated in the fact
that it was able in five days to obtain
nearly 100,000 signatures to an election
petition prepared by it for submission.
The Liberty League had 45,000 members
last May. The number has increased
greatly since then. The members of
this organization are duly enrolled, regis
tered and subdivided into wards and
precincts. It is doubtful If there Is a
more thoroughly organized body In Chi
cago than the United Societies or the
Liberty League.
In the headquarters at 81 South Clark
street there is as elaborate card Index
of members. There are kept the names,
residences, political affiliations of the
voters and other data valuable for quick
reference. It is known for what candi
date and which party each man voted at
a primary or an election. Frank H.
Hitchcock might go to these headquar
ters and learn something to his liking
about how to "keep tab" on voters. The
ward, the precinct, the house number i
they are all there, plus some pertinent
comment now and then as to the charac
teristics of men.
Modesty Is not one of the shining vir
tues of the United Societies or of the
Liberty League. It finds that the set
ting forth of its voting strength, -Its po
litical power, is a very effective sort of
eloquence with candidates of either of
the two great parties. It takes pains
to say that to it was due the defeat of
John J. Healy for re-election as state's
attorney, and that the Chicago charter
was thrust into the discord by the hos
tile votes it mustered. In his report
President Pfciffer said:
"We are a unit on one point, namely:
Any charter bill (before the legislature)
which does not contain in clear and Ir
revocable terms ' suitable provisions for
home rule on all questions of a purely
local character, must be defeated, and
we hold that the regulation of the ob
servance of Sunday is a ques'tlon to be
decided by each community. -
"The success of our opponent depends
largely upon the prevailing ignorance of
the moral and economic character, and
the inevitable disastrous consequences
of their movement. Their arguments
are not and cannot be supported by prin
ciple, science or experience. Not able to
appeal to reason, they create prejudice
by discriminating misinformations and
falsehood, to belittle our Influence and
to vlllify our character."
"Walter R. Mlchaelia, chairman of the
political action committee of the United
Societies, said the plans of campaign on
his side would not be mapped out until
it was learned whether or not the anti
saloon element succeeded with its petition.
"You can be assured that we will fight
and fight hard," he said with a smile.
"Sunday saloons In Chicago have not been
closed since 1873, and the administration
which closed them met with quick political
disaster. We do not purpose that these
reformers for revenue, these fanatics and
hypocrites shall invade our rights. We
have a sense of our own strength and
we do not fear the outcome if there is
to he a battle next Spring."
Mr. Mlchaelis is publisher of the Illi-
nois Staats Zeitung, one of the most in
fluential German newspapers in the West.
He is the man who protested to" Secretary
of War Dickinson against the wearing of
the Army uniform by General Fred D.
Grant at the head of the anti-saloon pa
rade a few weeks ago. Mr. Mlchaelis held
that the demonstration was a partisan af
fair in celebration of the 40th anniversary
of the Prohibition party, and that while
General Grant had a right to take part In
the parade as a private citizen end
civilian. It was not proper for him to ap
pear in his Army uniform on such an oc
casion. Secretary Dickinson sustained
General Grant, and so far as the War De
partment is concerned, the incident was
closed. Whether the protest of Mr.
Mlchaelis was or was not a boomerang
to Injure his side la a debatable question.
The sparks of the anti-saloon campaign
will begin to fly from December 6 to 9,
at which time the national convention of
the Anti-Saloon League will be held here.
This gathering Is expected to be the big
gest assembly of liquor foes ever held In
America. During that week district meet
ings will be held In all parts of the city
to light the neighborhood fires in the
cause of local option. The most eloquent
"drya" of the Nation will be here to
sound the war alarm at a monster ban
quet at the Auditorium on the night of
December 8.
Three Representatives in Congress
James M. Miller, of Kansas; Richmond
Pea-, son Hobson, of Alabama, and John
W. Langley, of Kentucky are scheduled
to give the movement impetus. George
R. Stuart, of Tennessee, who Is said to be
another Sam Jones in effective oratory,
and R. B. Glenn, of North Carolina, will
add to the chorus of protest against the
liquor traffic. Rev. Peter J. OCallaghan,
of Chicago, and Rev. J. M. Cleary, of Min
nesota, will represent the Roman Catholic
sentiment. With the campaign beginning
on this scale, it is the intention to grid
Iron Chicago and get close to the Indi
vidual voter in winning recruits to the
cause from that time until the polls close
on election day.
.
That some big railroad, mercantile and
industrial concerns may throw their moral
If not active, influence into the scales on
the side of the "dry" army is quite prob
able, although the liquor element laughs
at the suggestion. For Instance, the
Pennsylvania, the Illinois Central, the
New York Central and the Santa Fe man
agers have a rule which reads something
like this: 4 The use of intoxicants by em
ployes while on duty is prohibited. Their
habitual use, or the frequenting of places
where they are sold. Is sufficient cause
for dismissal." The Chicago & Alton and
the St. Paul have similar regulations and
the tendency is to make them more, rath
er than less, drastic.
A representative of Marshall Field &
Company is quoted by the Prohibition
press as saying:
"We will not. to our knowledge, place
a young man who drinks in our business,
and even though a man should apply for
a position whose ability and other all
round qualifications would seem to fit
him for the position. If we knew or dis
covered that he was a drinking man, we
would decline to consider bis application.
Any man in our employ who acquires the
habit of drink, even though moderately,
is marked down In our estimation. Un
less we can dissuade him from this seri
ous fault, we feel compelled to do with
out his services."
In its wholesale and retail establish
ments Field & Company employ 10,000
men and women.
It may be a clew to popular sentiment
to say that 38 commanders of Grand
Army posts in Chicago formally voted
Indorsement of the recent antJ-saloon
demonstration in the streets. George H.
Thomas Post, one of the most prominent
tn the entire Army, went on record unan
imously to take part and did so.
-
At the big German day celebration
Harry Rubens, a leading representative
of "Das Vaterland" in Chicago, pro
claimed it the purpose of the German
Americans to resist with every lawful
weapon encroachments on their customs
and to enlist all other foreign-born citi
zens who believe in toleration and per
sonal liberty. He counseled active en
trance Into politics to prevent the "re
establishment of Puritan foothold In this
country" and to see that National and
state laws are enacted more in con
sonance with the spirit of the Constitu
tion. Wiping the saloons out of Chicago will
be a big proposition economically and in
other ways. The number of bars is, in
round figures, 7200. Placed side by side
on the usual building lot. of Chicago,
7200 saloons would wall both sides of a
street 20 miles long, counting' 50
feet for street intersections and
15 feet for alley. By taking a drink
before each meal, one drink for each sa
loon, a man could make the rounds In
a little less than seven years. His total
bill would be something like S1000.
Banishment of saloons would not put
the Chicago breweries and distilleries out
of business, but it would be a hard blow
to them. During the year 1908 the manu
factures of the distillers amounted to
820,000,000 and of the brewers to 815,000,000.
The wholesale trade in liquors and wines
totaled 850,000.000. While definite data
are lacking. It seems safei to say that
8100,000,000 is invested In Chicago in dis
tilleries, breweries, saloons and stocks
of goods. There are a score of barrooms
whose furnishings alone cost 825,000 each.
A few Involve much greater expense than
that. Rentals in some cases run as high
as 81000 a month. The monthly rent roll
for all saloons probably reaches $450,000.
Making allowance for the bars conduct
ed in hotels, clubs and cafes, making
Cihcago "dry" would mean the throwing
Of 6000 storerooms on the market for rent
al. Averaging three men, the saloons of
Chicago give employment to 21,000. Prob
ably 15,000 of them are on a monthly sal
ary averaging 850. or a total yearly pay
of 89,000,000. In these figures are found
one of the economic problems involved in
the abolishment of the saloon.
-
There is another problem Involving the
city. Into the treasury of the municipal
ity under present conditions saloonkeep
ers, or brewers and distillers for them,
pay the sum of 87,100,000 annually, or one
fourth of the entire running expenses of
the city government. The city has found
it necessary under existing conditions to
whittle its budget wherever possible to
get within Its revenue. With the 87,100,000
taken away, the financial geniuses who
try to make ends meet will have new
difficulties to contend with.
It is from an entirely different angle
the anti-saloon folk, and especially the
prohibitionists, survey this question. They
submit figures to show that Chicago pours
annually into the cash registers of the
saloons for drink the sum of 870,000,000.
They set this 870,000,000 over against the
87,000,000 which the munloipality obtains
for licenses and ask if the account Is not
very one-sided, If there is not bad eco
nomics in the whole thing.
Seventy million dollars would maintain
the police force on its present basis for 14
years, or the fire department 23 year, or
the bureau of streets 22 years, of tin sa
tire city government in all its branches
two and a half years. At 81-50 a day -it
would pay 10,000 to work steadily cleaning
the streets for 15 years. The opportunity
to make Chicago 'Spotless Town" is ap
parent. If 2000 men were added at 84 a
day, the fund would hold out 10 years.
In 10 years Chicago's liquor bill would re-
PORTLAND, Nov. 10. (To the Editor.)
Professor Howe, of the State Univer
sity, offers the public, as the
apologia for his theological lec
ture to the members of his class the
lecture itself. He is willing to let it
speak for itself, believing that nothing
"dangerous" or "destructive" will be
found in it. I suppose he means nothing
"dangerous" to or "destructive" of Chris
tian faith or morality; for he still main
tains that he should not be styled "un
christian." The published lecture Is of
such a character and has been brought
so conspicuously to the notice of the pub
lic that so-called orthodox Christian
apologists cannot suffer it to go unno
ticed. I beg therefore for space to call
attention to a few phases of the question
as they apear to me.
First Professor Howe cannot consist
ently call himself "Christian." There are
in the world today at least 300.000,000 of
people who call themselves Christians and
who profess thte divinity of Jesus Christ
in the manner and form in which -it is
expressed in the apostles' creed: "I be
lieve in Jesus Christ, his only son, our
Lord, who was conceived by the holy
ghost, born of the Virgin Mary." Now it
may be that there are some calling
themselves Christians whose creed is: "I
believe In Jesus Christ, the son of man,
who was 'conceived by' Joseph and born
of the waman Mary." but they are so
few that they may be said to be rather
unchristians or ex-Christians who give
lectures or write books. At any rate the
consensus of Christian belief in diamet
rically opposed to the professor's so
called scientific deductions and should
bar him from the use and abuse of the
genuine Christian name.
Second Professor Howe takes from the
Bible his motto Fiat Lux. Let there be
light. A beautiful motto, indeed, flat
lux. But there is no assurance from the
holy book or elsewhere that God set
Professor Howe in the firmament of
heaven to shine upon the earth either by
night or by day. Yet this is just- what
the professor assumes, perhaps uncon
sciously. He assumes that the great
lights of the Christian ages as well as the
great Christian teachers of our own times
are wrong in their belief as to the nature
and divinity of Jesus. In their places
the professor himself becomes the true
light, the fiat lux, to the students of his
class. It is one man against millions.
And of these milllions, who will doubt
that many of them at least have as good
or even a better opportunity to know
the true nature and character of Christ
as the professor of English literature
in the Oregon State University.
Third To arrive at his knowledge of
Christ, Professor Howe makes use of the
most destructive form of Biblical exege
sis. He takes a few texts from different
parts of the New Testament. Those that
suit his interpretation of the birth and
divinity of Christ he accepts: those that
do not he rejects, without right or rea
son, as interpolations. From these texts
he builds up a Christ that is a carica
ture of the Christ of the New Testament.
Read the New Testament in the light of
the Christ of Professor Howe and nine
tenths of It will have no meaning. For
if Christ Is a mere man, how will one
explain, ior example, the miracles of
Christ, the raising of the dead to life.
Christ's own resurrection. "I and the
father are one," the power exercised of
forgiving sins. Indeed nearly every pagn
of the book bespeaks the divinity of
Christ. The professor will say, I sup
pose, these parts must go. But if they
go what is left? Jesus, the son of Joseph,
and Christianity disappears. But it has
not disappeared, the professor himself
professing heiishlp of Christ or with
Christ and therefore indicting the whole
theory of the development of man for the
last 2000 years. I am afraid the logic of
the professor is bad. I know his theology
false, dangerous and destructive of
Christian faith and morality.
Fourth -Professor Howe is equally un
happy in his historical references. The
Ebionites are at least proof that Professor
Howe is not original In this study of
Christ. Now if the light of Professor
Howe is not more constant than that of
his progenitors in the faith, the world Is
destined to be In darkness for another
2000 years. After that one will again like
ly hear of the Ebionites and the Howel-'
ites, "whose views did not prevail with"
Christians of the Twentieth century, but
whom "the fathers of the church did not
attack with any vigor." Professor Howe,
however, fails to observe that these views
were thoroughly understood by the early
fathers of the church. They were
threshed out both publicly and privately
and finally condemned as unchristian. Of
course in the mind of Professor Howe the
light went out and darkness was again
upon the face of the deep.
Fifth To the students of Chrkstology,
Professor Howe's argument from Scrip
ture is familiar. It is a resume of the
doctrine of German rationalists. Those
who would like to study It more In detail
will find Dr. Holtiman perhaps the best.
In the space allowed me it Is impossible
to take up a complete refutation of this
school. They have reconstructed the 131
ble In such a manner that one knows not
whom to admire most, the original com
pilers of the Bible or the rationalists, who
have discovered how it was done. To say
the least, those writers of the Bible must
have been marvels of ingenuity. It re
minds one of Mr. Donnelly's famous cryp
togram to prove that Bacon was the au-"
thor of the Shakespearean plays. All re
cent defenders of the divinity of Christ
have shown the falsity and impossibility
of the rationalist's theory. Perhaps the
best work and most available Is by Dr.
Rose, "The Virginal Birth" (translated
into English from the German). It takes
up in detail every text and supposition ad
vanced by Professor Howe In his lecture
and refutes them one by one. I recom
mend it to Professor Howe and to all hon
est inquirers after the truth.
This reply to Professor Howe is submit
ted not with a' desire to invite contro
versy, but as a simple statement in behalf
of the faith of orthodox Christians.
FATHER AUGUSTIN.
ELECTROPODES;
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