3
TTTE SUNDAY. OREGOXTAN, PORTXAND, OC5TOBER 10, 1909.
m 1 a m r i , m m v ..aaaaaask. MMHnaHMMHMMMMMBik .bsbmsb
'W?M&m3f. .Jm Four," paid his way by surveying, work which! ' X- X'K I
Ti I i fa 1 r i rtew
BY E. J. EDWARDS.
0
N THE day after the Jate wnitara C.
Whitney waa graduated from Tale
College he took a train for New York
City. In the aeat with him wu one of
hie classmates. Young Whitney ai very
quiet. In college he had been the life of
hta clasa. popular, a (rood student, a
member of all the beet eociettee, among
ahem the famous 6kull and Bonea fra
ternity of the senior year. Life seemed
to be tor him a pathway of roses. His
seat-mate asked him after a while what
he was thinking about, or If he were re
gretting that the deligbful four years at
Tale were now ended.
After a moment Whitney replied: "Yes.
we have had four dellghtrul years.
Everythinsr. as I look back at It, now
eems' like a dream. We haven't had a
care. Moat of us have thought It was
going to be that way throughout life.
But I have just, begun to realise that the
real life work la now to begin. We have
got to stop playing, because we - are to
face the real world, and to show In It the
stuff we are made of.
"And do yon know," he continued. "I
think that ," mentioning a class
mate by name, "la going to have the
best of us for a few years. He had to
work his way through college. That
taught htm what real life Is. It gave
him some sense of business, so that he
will know how to take up the active work
of life better thin any of the rest of us
who had a good tima In college while he
wae working hard to pay his way
through."
Incidentally, this raised again the old
question, does a college education after
ail pay? Mr. Whitney was four or five
years getting his bearings In the world
, of affairs, and he died 45 years aftehia
graduation, having made In the. mean
time a brilliant career and having
amsssed a fortune of 125.000,000. He was
always sure that the training he had
received In college served him well In
great responsibilities he afterwards as
sumed. If a college education pays for
thoee who make good use of It. then it
undoubtedly pays to get a college educa
tion even If the student has to earn It.
In these days the work of financing
or.ea self through college has been re
duced to a science In almost all of the
American colleges and universities there
ire now organised boards or departments
of self-help. These organisations make it
possible for any young man who wants
' to- get a college education, but has not
at hand the means to pay for It. to se
cura employment of some kind. Some of
the universities have helped, within the
rlsst two or three years, hundreds of
students to earn sufficient Income to put
themselves through a full college course.
Of course, tha opportunities for employ
ment of thla Wort are greater In the cities
than In thos college communities which
are entirely rural. And the kind of em
ployment followed by such students
varies all the way from pressing "pants'
to doing; light responsible editorial work
for publishing houses.
But in tha old days a student who
planned to finance himself through col
, lege was compelled to depend chiefly upon
teaching, private tutoring, or a loan,
which he bound himself to repay with his
first earnings after ha had graduated.
Ai any rate they were not assisted, aa a
general rule, to employment by a college
department run for this special purpose.
Nevertheless, in those days many am
bitious boys put themselves through col
late on their own earnings, made while
in attendance at college.
Some of the men who ars conspicuous
today In tha publlo eye, both In the pro
fessions and the business world, earned
their way through college in this now
practically antedated manner. And the
careers of these self-same leaders furnish
a strong argument to those who belleva
not only that a college education Is a
good thing, but J-hat it Is no detriment,
but a help instead, to a young man who
determines to finance himself through tha
four years of a college course.
Kruttschnitt Pnt Himself Through
College.
A shining example of how the effort
called forth by working one's self
through college may help materially in
gaining signal success in postcollege life
is found In Julius Kruttschnitt. .As the
chief operator of the Harriman system
of railroads. Mr. Kruttschnitt, as tha
public learned at the time of Mr. Harrl
man's death, is one of tha most famous
railroad operatives of the country.
At the outbreak of the Clvl". War Julius
Kruttschnitt was close on to his seventh
birthday, and his home was in Louisiana.
His mother's maiden nam was Penina
Benjamin and she was a sister of one
of the ablest lawyers and statesmen that
ever represented a state in the United
States Benate. Her brother, Judah P.
Benjamin, was a native of the Island of
Jamaica, and therefore was born a Brit
ish subject.
Judah P. Benajmln resigned his seat in
the United States Senate at the time that
Louisiana seceded from the Union. He
became at once one of the moat Influen
tial of the men associated with Jefferson
Davis In the attempt to create a new
nation. Mr. Benjamin was the Confed
erate Secretary of State, and Julius
Kruttschnitt. his nephew, has vivid recol
lections of the desperate risk hia
unole ran when he escaped In an open
boat at the time of the collapse of the
Confederacy, and made his way to Nas
sau. .New Providence.
The distinguished fugitive had abso
lutely nothing left to him but hia Intel
lect and his clothing. He went to Lon
don. He was so poor that ha was obliged
to writs for the newspapers and maga
aines to earn bis living. But aa was
born a Brltlst subject, ha had tha light
to renew hia citizenship, to be received
ss a barrister, and in the course of a few
years he became one of the most promi
nent of the lawyers practicing in the
higher courts, and gained a worldwide
reputation as a writer upon legal sub
jects. Of all of the many sketches written of
the career of Julius Kruttschnitt sines ha
became of high authority in the Harri
man systems of the railways, not any
so far as I have been able to discover
has mentioned the fact that h was the
nephew of ons of the ablest men of his
time tha real brains of the Confederacy.
But when this relationship Is known,
then there comes soma understanding of
that heritage of great intellectual power,
a capacity for deciding instantly and cor
rectly, and . for mastering great difficul
ties, which have enabled Mr. Kruttsch
nitt to gain ao great influence that many
think he may ultimately be chosen the
successor of Mr. Harriman as president
of the C'nion Pacific.
Wall tha Cirii War practically lmpovw
lius. Kruttschnitt, one
Four,' paid his way
became preparatory,
tary Ballinger, of the Taft Cabinet, taught,
tutored, and did whatever would help along
his ambition. to become a lawyer.
if . - . L 4 .
" If 4 --A l i?5is. !
E t t 5 if . ;..jk Hi m H ft
fi , , - f U" --z.-.-- l&l7i 1 .'lm - 1 h " H
R 5 Ci- . L --ia a7 'h f - " " II w'
R ' ' i Por.KTrcf 7. Pcsrzsf. nJ - , -V ? ' " W - !'
h '." '-' ' . JwzrjzWTOJ ox" & If I x " . 111 I tV
Hi - , ! - " 'vn. IriB s ij" ' s - . 'V " - i? v
I '.--.- s.x'-- - .If :& II
II ' v- .vr;. . "... n' :- i m: -y 7 )
V . -.,11, r , -?s44 - ..? T
erlshed his family, but young Kruttsch
nitt was determined to get a technical,
scientific education. How was he to do
it? He had no rich family purse to rely
upon: he had nothing but his ambition,
his energy and his ability. Nevertheless,
tha lad made his way to Virginia and
was welcomed as a student at Washing
ton and Lee University, one of the edu
cational Institutions of the United States.
Once there, the great reputation which
Ms uncle had gained throughout the
South served to bring the boy many
friends, and these were able to point out
to him ways in which he could earn an
Income sufficient to support him while he
was in college. He did not behave that
it was receasary to do any menial or
humble work; he could have found in
stantly plenty of employment upon farms
with the hos and plow. But he waa
patient and self-sacrificing, and at last
he gained sufficient knowledge as a sur
veyor to enable htm to utilise It In help
ing build up some sections of the country
near Washington and Lee University
which had been devastated at the time
of the war. As a surveyor he largely
financed himself through college, and he
was so good a surveyor, and so well did
he Impress himself upon educators in
several important institutions who visited
at Washington and Lee, that he waa
offered several positions as instructor
even before he was graduated. He came
out of the university owing not a cent
to anybody, and took a position as assist
ant to the principal of one of the most
Important of the private schools at Balti
more. But railway men, as well as educators,
also heard of him, and learned something
of the ability which he had displayed
while In college, so that they OTfered him
a position, after he had been a teacher
for about five years, as resident engineer
of one of the railroads then, building In
Texas. From that time on his rise in the
world of railway activities was very
rapid, doubtless due in great measure to
the peculiarly appropriate railroad train
ing he gave himself while putting himself
through college. Mr. Kruttsohnltt has al.
ways looked back upon his college days
with happy memories, feeling aura that
the lessons of self-reliance which ha then
taught himself have bean of the highest
value In his life work.
Cabinet Orflcer Who Worked Eli
Way Through College.
Even in President Taft's Cabinet the
men who have worked their way through
college are represented, and the name of
their representative among tha official
advisers of the nation's head la Richard
Achilles Ballinger. If yon don't recall
offhand what portfolio he heads, ask
Forester Plnchot to drop you the informa
tion "on the inclosed postal card."
Just 61 years ago Secretary Ballinger
was born In the little town of Boones
boro. in the state of Iowa. This town Is
in the center of a great farming com
munity, and when the boy Ballinger waa
old enough to help hs took his turn at
ordinary farm work. Ha waa a great
reader, and everything that was printed
which came his way was read by him
with avidity. When he was in his early
teens the ideaa he had got from his read
ing caused him to make up his mind that
ha wanted to go to college, because hs
hoped soma day to be a lawyer.
But how was hs to get through colleger
His family was not rich; be did not want
to borrow any money from anyone, even
if he could find a good friend who was
willing to advance him funds needed to
pay tha expenses of a college course.
He thought over the problem for weeks.
Than finally there cam a day whan haj
of the Harriman "Big
by surveying, work which
to his life work Secre
went from his home to Topeka, Kan.,
having made up his mind that, as he had
hia health, his energy, his two hands.' he
ought to be able to find such congenial
employment as would make it possible
for him to pay his way through college.
Teaching was one of the employments,
and ho became a very popular young
teacher. He also helped in a lawyer's
office.
At last, after a preparatory course
at the University of Kansas, hs made
his way east as far aa Williamstown,
Mass. He had heard that at Williams
College Uiere were many yonng men
who. In one way or another, were earn
ing sufficient money to pay their col
lege expenses. Moreover, he had heard
that living was cheap at Williamstown,
and, too, he was attracted to Williams
College partly by reason of the promi
nence of John J. Ingalls, then a United
States Senator from- Kansas, who waa
a graduate of Williams, and partly by
the fact that President Garfield was
the most distinguished of the gradu
ates of that venerable university.
Young Ballinger found after he had
got to Williamstown that there were
plenty of opportunities for teaching,
some for writing, and some for brief
salaried services of one kind or an
other during his vacations. But all of
his incidental employment was kept
well in line with the career which he
lad worked out tor himself, that of the
law. Therefore, he did not accept ev
ery opportunity which came to htm, for
he regarded It as of aome importance
that, even while he was paying his
way through college, he should do this
In a manner which would be sympa
thetic with or helpful of his early
career at the bar.
He was graduated without owing a
cent absolutely self-reliant and then
went across the continent to the state
of Washington. He became an author
of legal text books, prominent politi
cally, and every newspaper reader
knows of hia career since he was
picked out by President Taft aa a
member of his Cabinet.
How Preatdeat Butler Workesl His
Way Tkrons;h Collesxa.
Probably the most suoeessful arad
systematic) of all tha methods adopted
by students to finance themselves
through college was that planned by
Nicholas Murray Butler, president of
Columbia University, a year or so be
fore ha entered Columbia as a student.
Dr. Butler's father, who waa a man
of prominence and of much Influence
in his homa city of Paterson, N. J.,
was abundantly able to meet all the
charges for his son's university educa
tion. Moreover, the senior Butler wai
convinced that whatever the cost of
that education might be, the boy would
Justify It In his later career. He also
knew the Independence and self-reliance
of his son, and he probably was
not greatly surprised when young But
ler came to him and said, practically
In these words:
"I made up my mind that It ia tha
best thing for me not only to get an
education, but to earn tha money to
pay for it."
The father looked half serioosly and
half amusedly at the lad, and then
asked him how he expected to pay
his way.
"All I ask Is that yon let ma have a
hundred dollars to get my first start
and my bearings," was the reply.
"After that you need not worry about
my ability to earn enough to carry me
through college."
K did not intimate to hia father ,
.. ,- - Tii iia.-'g -J"
i
II V ' v I
how he expected to earn the money,
except to intimate his conviction that
he would find plenty of opportunities
to teach and to do other work in line
vith his college studies.
So the son received the one hundred
dollars and took It and his plan to
work his way through college to New
York City with him.
This plan Involved in part private
teaching, and in part association with
certain publishers of New York, es
pecially those who were publishing
magazines or other periodicals de
voted to educational matters. Putting
it Into execution simultaneous with his
matriculation at Columbia, young But
ler perfectly systematized his time. He
alloted ao many hours of tha day to
college work, so many to his editorial
work, so many to his teaching.
All thla kept him pretty, busy, but
he had perfect health, took keen in
terest in all the life that waa about
him, and that gave him mental recrea
tion and he was very careful in his
personal habits. Therefore, by the
time he had reaohed hia junior year
the young man had not only earned
enough through teaching, writing and
editorial work to enable him to live
very comfortably and pay all his ex
penses, but he discovered that he was
saving. In fact, his savings 'Were so
considerable that he was able to make
Investments, one of which was so long
maintained that through its increase,
or the appreciation of the property, it
now of itself represents a comfortable
fortune.
Now, this financing of himself
through college was done wholly In
line with the life work as an educator
which the student Butler contemplated.
While he was writing and editing ed
ucational periodicals, and receiving for
that work good compensation, he waa
preparing the way for that mastery
of American educational problems
which at last was so well recognized
that he was chosen first president of
Teachers' College, as well as professor
of philosophy at Columbia, and still
later on. president of Columbia Uni
versity. It has always been Dr. Butler's belief
that, instead of being a drawback, it
might prove to be of the highest ad
vantage in development of character,
self-reliance, and in preliminary train
ing for a career, for a young man to
plan to finance hifcself through ool
lege. Dr. Butler also holds the opin
ion that it is not the best policy for
a student to borrow the money needed
to pay his college expenses, with in-i
tent to earn enough after graduation
to make good the loan. A debt of that
kind Is always a serious handicap. It
Is a great deal better, in his view, to
submit to sacrifice and tbe practice of
economies that are necessary for any
one who Is financing himself through
college, than it is to pay the expenses
through the use of borrowed money.
Weaver's Method of Securing a Col
lege Education.
Another method that Is sometimes
very successfully adopted by young
men In order to" finance themselves
through college is Illustrated in the
college career of the Rev. Dr. George
Angler Gordon, famous in ecclesiastical
circles throughout the country as the
pastor of Old South Church, Boston.
Is addition, there is plenty of inspira
tion for any young man in tha roman
tic career of Dr. Gordon.
Born in Scotland 56 years ago, be
there learned one of the trades In con
nection with weaving which are best
mastered In Scotland. Hs was still in
his teens when he was tempted to emi
grate to this oountry because' ha be-
How and why President Butler of Columbia
University insisted on working his way through
college even though his father was abundantly
able to pay for him The method used by Dr.
George Gordon and Dr. John. Kinney Hyde
DeForest, two distinguished clerics, to get!
theirvcollege education,
lieved the opportunities to be greater
here for one with ambition than in his
native land.
When he arrived in Boston be had
no difficulty in securing employment.
He was a very attractive-looking
young man, with a splendid physique
in fact, the build of an athlete; a great
head superbly poised, with a large
shock of black hair: heavy eyebrows,
and, even then, the face of an orator.
He was of religious training, and onoe
In the new land, he did not relax for a
moment in his zeal as a student of the
Bible. So It was natural enough for the
young craftsman to find his way Into a
Bible class, conducted for young men In
connection with famous Old South
Church, of Boston. Young Gordon was
not a member of the class very long be
fore the teachers perceived that he could
teach as well as be taught. He always
brought some Interesting suggestion or
new thought to the class-room. It was
observed that he spoke not only correct
ly, but with peculiar fluency for a young
man. Therefore, It seemed worth while
to his elders to bring within his reach
some, opportunity for further education,
especially ea he confessed to a desire so
to be taught that by and by he might be-,
coma a clergyman.
As a result various friends worked out
a plan for financing young Gordon
through Harvard. But he was of a
sturdy Independence, which led him to
believe that any financing would be no
more than temporary, and that he would
be able himself to earn, either by teach
ing or by some congenial occupation,
enough to pay In part his expenses, and
ultimately to pay back Whatever ad
vances were made to him. He was grad
uated from Harvard in 1881, and at an
age considerably beyond that of the aver
age college graduate, for he was 28.
That fact alone shows that It must
have been very largely upon his own ex
ertions that ha was able to get a college
education.
The graduate was not out of college
very long before he was heard from. In
the pulpit he was of impressive appear
ance, and it soon came to be said of him
that he was a born pulpit orator.
It so happened that, about this time,
the Congregational Church In Greenwich,
Conn., of which William H. H. Murray,
beter known as "Adirondack" Murray,
had been pastor, was. looking for a new
clergyman. The church sent a commit
tee to hear young Gordon preach, and
then invited him to go to Greenwich and
preach In the pulpit of the church there.
The congregation needed to hear him but
once. They wero unanimous In their
tribute to the fascination of his pulpit
oratory, to the lmpreaoiveneas of his per
sonality, and so he was ordained clergy
man of the church.
But be was too big a man for a country
town. The pulpit in the Old South
Church, which at that time had become
the new Old South Church, occupying one
of tha most beautiful church structures
in the worid. was vacant, and the officers
of the church said to one another: "There
Is George A. Gordon, who used to study
in the. Bible class in this church: who
went to college under the auspices of the
ohurch. and who is going to b one of
the great forces, not onl of our church,
but In the religious IiJG of the United
States. Why not ask him to become our
pastor!" And so, four years after his
graduation, when he was only 31 years
of age, he who as a boy had studied
In that church's clasaroora became its
pastor
Since then Dr. Gordon has gained Na
tional and International fame. He has
lectured in the Lowell Institute course,
and was the lecturer at the famous Ly
man Beecher course at Yale College. He
delivered what many regard as the finest
baccalaureate sermon ever preached at a
Columbia University commencement, and
he has been the university preacher at
Harvard, where he is regarded as the
master of all that makes a truly great
and influential pulpit orator.
In a method similar to that which was
used by Dr. Gordon to secure his college
education. , one of this country's most
prominent foreign misslonarita reoelvad
tha training that only a college can give
to the ambitious lad.
When the Civil War was at its height
and President Lincoln's administration
waa straining every nerva to get reoruitB ,
for the Arm-, there was a lao. wnose
home was on a farm In Southern Connec
ticut, who was strongly tempted to en
list. . But his friends thought he was too
young, saying that if he wero two years
older then they would not object If he
joined one of the Connecticut regiments.
This lad waa of a religious disposition,
and waa especially interested in mission
ary work. But he waa poor. The farm
barely yielded enough to support the fam
ily. He wanted to get an education, say
ing that if he could pass through college
and a theological school, he would at
once qualify himself for service as a
missionary in the Far East. His name
was John Plnney Hyde DeForest.
There waa a good -woman of the boy's
town who took much interest in him,
and believed that, with the proper train
ing he would make a very successful
missionary. Therefore, she suggested to
him a plan by which sho would in part
finance him through college, he to earn
what he could, and out of his earnings
after graduation to repay her for her part
if he felt so disposed.
The boy adopted the plan and became
one of the most studious, quiet and un
demonstrative of the students at Yale of
his day. But he was always enthusiastic
and energetic in missionary work in New
Haven. You would find him any Sunday
afternoon teaching a class in one of the
mission schools, and he spent his leisure
hours in hunting up boys and girls who
were without religious training and
bringing them to these mission schools.
At the same time, DeForest, by teach
ing, private tutoring, and In other ways,
was able to provide himself with funds,
so that at last he was graduated, be
came a clergyman, and went to Japan.
His career in Japan has become a
household word in that empire, and
he has been regarded as one of the
foremost of American Influences, not
merely as a religious missionary, but
as an educator. In view of his service,
.the Emperor of Japan, within a few
weeks, deoorated him with one of the
most Important of the honorary in
signia indicating mental and moral
worth and Influence. Our own Govern
ment has turned many times to Dr. De
Forest for Information, and President
Taft looks upon him as one of the
most valuable of American influences
in cultivating and maintaining the real
friendship which characterizes the rela
tion of those in authority in the United
States with the statesmen and men of
affairs of Japan.
Governor Who Earned Education.
An ex-Governor of New York, Frank
S. Black. gained his profound
knowledge of human nature while
working his way through Dartmouth
College. He went to Dartmouth from
his farm home in Maine, almost abso
lutely dependent upon his own exer
tions for his education. He was a
teacher for a time and then he became
a canvasser for periodicals and other
things. As such he gained various experiences-
frm which he afterwards
drew a vast amount of Interesting anec
dotes. Chief among these experiences
were those which taught him human
nature; and his profound knowledge
of this subject worked to no small pur
pose in making him Governor of New
York State when he waa only i years
of age.
Besides Mr. Kruttschnitt, our modern
life furnishes at least two other prom
inent cases of railway men who worked
their way through college.
A. A. Robinson, who was president
of the Mexican Central Railway for
some 10 years. In part by his own ex
ertions obtained a scientific education
at the University of Michigan. And
there is another Robinson of no kin
to the one who was president of the
Mexican Central John T. Robinson, of
Savannah, who is acknowledged by rail
way men as one of the ablest master
mechanics In the United States. The
master mechanics are the men who
ft' ' . ' U
I s . r
! x i !
i . ;
. I , x " . 1
v
s f " '
. '
c - , - - . :t
I I : i
. I
A t ' "
' f , i i
El fc ' ''i
Eg- 'i y
I-" ' 1 ;
! I," 4.',. ' t V"n il (I
ii r . ' . ? -5fi &
' i
I . v a
IB II ilHlsTslMllllllslBMH iwiiBMiiniii i,f'
get together and standardise rallwa
equipment, so that It Is possible to run
cars all over the United States, al
though this Is only a part of their re
sponsibility. John T. Robinson earned
enough to take a special course at the
Virginia Military Institute, a purely
scientific and technical course, that led
to his speedy employment In railway
service and his promotion until he be
came the master mechanic of the great
Seaboard Air Line system.
It will not be necessary to do mora
than allude to the Justification of tha
purpose of Senator Beveridge, of
dlana, to get a college education, even
if he had to earn every penny of the
cost. His triumph is a matter of na
tional knowledge. And another dis
tinguished statesman of Indiana, who
served in the Senate as a colleague of
Senator Beveridge, and who afterwards
became vice-president. Charles W. Fair
banks, practically paid his own way
through the Ohio Wesleyan University.
Inventor of Wireless Telephony.
Michael Idvorsky Pupln. known as
the inventor of wireless telephony, and
who, according to report, received $800,
000 for an Invention which Is used in
long-distance telephoning. In another
notable who put himself through col
lege. When Pupln came to this country
from his native land of Hungary, he .
was without money, nor had he any
other education than that whloh he had
received in his village schools. He was
obliged to seek employment, and found
it In an establishment in Brooklyn.
There he was brought Into contact
with one or two men of science, and
they, discovering that he not only had
real genius for Inventive work, but also
an overwhelming thirst for knowledge, .
put him In the way of securing such
employment as would enable him to
pay his way through Columbia Univer
sity. As a student at the university hs
stood very high.
It was known to the trustees that
this brilliant young student of science
was by his own exertions financing ;
himself through college, and they were .
able to secure employment In the line
of his studies which made the task of
self-support all the easier for him. He
was also able to earn funds enough, by
his own skillful work as an electrician,
to permit him to study physics with
Helmholz at. the University of Berlin.
And within five years after his gradua
tion at Columbia he had gained the at
tention of some of the greater men of
science by a brilliant article upon a
very difficult and technical sclentifio 1
question relating to one feature of elec
trlcity. IHLAHTUL STEED.
Puck.
"The chartre Mfalnrt you." aald the Magistrate,
"la that of walking at a furloua rate.
" Tie furtlier charged airalnat you that laat
night
Tou trod tbe pabllo trou without a light.
"Four miles an hour upon a publlo way
Ia moat prapoeteroua; what have you to
say?"
Plwaae, alr" the pdatrian ald.
"Without a light because my oil waa spent,
"But surely thla policeman here will tell
That I did not neglect to ring my ball."
"Sir," q'uoth the Magistrate in tonea quite
CrutT,
"Blmply to ring your ball wu not anougn.
"TTe are resolved, let me afrain repeat.
To proteot autoa in tha public atraet.
"Only laat week a coupe waa much hurt
By an unlucky child who did a 'apurt.'
"The ear waa bloodstained and its front de
stroyed Tha Garage Company waa much annoyed.
"We must proteot our autoa, T we oan,
Against tbe reckless, bold pedestrian.
"Fine: Ten dollars and costs, sir your de
fense is vain.
And never walk without your light again 1"
Tha Japanese have no uaa for buttons,
buckles or hooks and eyes. Cord eervea
everr purpose of fastening and furnishes
artieUo. poaaibUltiaa seemingly without and.
Irci 108.2T