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- THE SUyPAY OREGOyiAy. PORTLAND. JULY 13. 1909. , ,
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BY J. B. MARVIN.
THE picture on the under surface of
the dome of the Oregon building
at the Seattle Exposition, though
not In oil or water colors, but In eeeda
and grain and grasaea, la like a beauti
ful mural painting. It represents m
epitome the Industries of Oregon.
The tints are neutral, as they should
be. picturing, as they do. fields of grain,
orchards, hop fields, cattle, railways and
was very thoughtful In the Commis
sion to have an attendant to call the vis
itor attention to thla picture at the out
set, as otherwise he might not lift his
gase to observe It.
When I visited the building the attend
ant at the entrance was a Hood River
orchard owner, and when I admired the
fine exhibit of apples, which Is near the
entrance, be expounded It con amore.
When I asked him why. with so many fine
apples raised at Hood River, ono could
not buy them at the fruit stands In Port
land, ha said: "I will tell you why. When
my apples are about ready to be picked
there appears an agent of a wholesale
fruit dealer In New York, and he asks
me what I will take for my orop, and
when I name my price, he says, 1 will
take the crop.' and be gives me a check
at once, and I have no further trouble.
His firm sends men to pick and pack the
crop, and all of my apples go to New
York and many of them from New York
to Iondon and I have no apples for the
Oregon market."
What a suggestion this Information
contains to Oregon investors! Start an
apple orchard, and you will have an In
come until the whole of Europe and all
of the East and all Oregon is supplied
with Oregon apples.
And. In this connection, what opportu
nities for starting apple orchards in Ore
yon are available when one considers
ahat thousands of fertile fields are being
opened up by the Irrigation projects now
nearing completion. In I'matilla County
AMERICANIZING EUROPEAN LABOR
Helpful
THB Slavs and Latins are Inclined
to lead an easy life, and emigra
tion la destined to have a perma
nent affect upon them; for the returned
emigrant acts contagiously upon his
community. Unbiased landowners and
manufacturers have told the writer
that we have trained their workmen
in Industry, that we have quickened
their wits, and that while wages have
risen nearly 60 per cent in almost all
departments of labor, the efficiency
of the laborer has been correspond
ingly Increased, most noticeably where
the largest number of returned emi
grants have enteren the home field.
The returned emigrant began to buy
land which the large landowners were
often forced to sell, because wages had
risen abnormally and laborers were often
not to be had at any price. In the four
vears between lff and the land
owned by peasants increased in some dis
tricts as much as US per cent and tak
ing the Immigrant districts in Austro
. . i Dn.uiun Pnl.-inri together.
th
increase in tour .-v...-
1
most -Incredible rlgure ot lis per cnu.
n-. , . . . i - .- i i . f Wnh t unvrm. In
the district of Trenczin. in Hungary, out
of which but few had emigrated to
America, and to which only a few fam
ilies had returned, has. under this new
economic Impulse, bought the land on
which the villagers' forefathers- were
serfs and on which they had worked
during the harvest for 10 cents a day.
The villagers bought the whole bar
onial estate. Including the castle, giving
a mortgage for the largest part of the
purchase sum; but they are now the
owners of one of the finest estates In
Hungary, and the mortgage drives them
to work as they have never worked
before. This same Impulse has struck
the district of Nyltra, in which the-land
had almost gone out of the hands of
the peasants; lost by the same causes,
tntemprance and Indolence.
In the last rive years the change has
been so great as to seem Incredible.
Usurers have been driven out of busi
ness and the peu.sant'8 house has ceased
to be a mud hut with a straw-thatched
roof. In fact, that type of building has
been condemned by law. at the initia
tive of returned emigrants. The shop
keepers throughout the whole emigrant
territory rejoice. Their stock is in
creased by many varieties of goods.
The peasant now wants the best there
Is In the market.
Still within the sphere of the eco
nomic, and vet havlni large ethical
value. Is the fact that the returned em
igrant brings gold, not only in his
pocket, but in his teeth. I certainly
never reallxed the far-reaching social
and ethical value of the dentist until I
alone one of the most fertile counties In
Oregon the Government has an Irrigation
system which cost Jl, 000,000. and near it
are private irrigation projects at Irigon
and Staniield. which make available, for
orchards, thousands of acres of the most
fertile lands. I cannot imagine a more
interesting and certain source of revenue.
If one does not wish to wait six years for
returns from an apple orchard, he can get
returns from a peach orchard in four
years, which will about pay In one year,
for his whole investment. If he pYefers
to Invest at long range he can plant Eng
lish walnut trees' on his Irrigated land,
and In seven years his income will about
pay for hla Investment, and his Income
will continue, so I am told, for 100 years.
But this orchard business has led ma
away from my description 'of the Expo
sition. Before leaving the Oregon buildir I
must mention the fish exhibit, which is
better, even, than the Government flsh
exhibit.
The commission has illustrated. In a
most attractive object lesson, the whole
process of salmon hatching, showing the
development from the egg. or spawn, to
the self-dependent tlsh. At first the flsh
relies for sustenance upon the fragments
of the egg which adhere to his body, and
from which he derives nourishment.
Glass cases filled with runnlw? water
are filled with fish of all the varieties
known In Oregon. This display Is much
more complete and attractive than the
display of the same kind shown In the
Government fish exhibit.
mm
The most extensive and costly and
attractive exhibit, next to the Govern
ment exhibit. Is the Alaska exhibit,
which should be the best, as the ex
position was chiefly designed to Illus
trate the resources of Alaska.
The visitor to the Alaska building
first sees, as he enters the main en
trance, a number of magnificent mount
ed moose and caribou and mountain
sheep heads the horns of some of the
moose heads having a spread of six
feet.
Startling him by its beauty, the vis
itor next sees a magnificent booth. In
front of the entrance but In the center
of the building girdled by Corinthian
World-Mission of Returning Emigrants.
saw the contrast between the returned
emigrant, especially between his wife
and daughter, and the women who had
remained at home.
If the returned emigrant can be
easily recognised by his shoes and by
the gold In his teeth, hla residence can
be quickly discovered by the fact that
day and night his house Is blessed by
fre6h air; and perhaps more significant
to the world's well-being than the
American economic doctrine of the
"Open Door." ia the American physio
logical doctrine of the open window.
Pastor Holubek of Bosacs. In Hun
gary, when I asked him what elTect the
returned emigrant had upon his parish,
said: "A good effect. The returned
emigrant is a new man. He carries
himself differently, he commands the
respect of his fellows, he treats his
wife better, and he keeps the windows
of his house open." The last two facts
are exceedingly important and my ob
servations bear out this testimony.
Whenever I discovered an open window,
in the evening. I could with perfect
assurance open the door and say: "How
do you do?" And I was sure to be
greeted by a still more emphatic and
cordial "How do you do?"
For some inexplicable reason, Euro
peans of all classes are averse to air In
sleeping rooms, especially at night.
Night air Is supposed to hold all sorts
of evils, and even the medical profes
sion, progressive as it is has not yet
freed ltMlf from -hls superstition.
Frequently I have discovered In the
returned emigrant a quickening of the
moral sense, especially among the men
who had come In contact with the bet
ter class of American mechanics, and
the discovery was as welcome as It was
unexpected. It was on a Sunday's Jour
ney among the villages ofthe valley
of the Waag. Picturesque groups were
moving along the highway to and from
the church and Into the village and out
of It- The appearance of Vny companions
and myself always created a great sen
sation and never a greater one than on
Sunday, when the peasants were at
leisure. They took It as a epsclal priv
ilege to sea "genuine Americans." and
those who had been over here were
quickly on the scene to air their Eng
lish and to show their familiarity with
our kind. It was a reciprocal pleasure,
for It seemed like a breath from borne
to bear men talk intelligently of H axle
ton, Pittsburg. Scrantosj and Wilkee
barre, moreover. It gave ns a splendid
opportunity to test the influence of
our civilisation upon them.
In one village a man and wife and
two children came out of their home
and we could almost imagine ourselves
In America, for the whole family looked
as If It had Just come out of a grand
bargain sale at one of our department
stores. What seemed most delightful
EXHIBITED FROM TTHv FAR NORTH
WITH A DIx55EBTCTION) ON OREGON
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pillars and painted In etruscan colors,
which affords enclosure of the gold ex
hibit the most extensive display of
gold ever made. In this booth may be
seen a million, dollars worth of gold
to us was the way In which the man
spoke, of his wife, and no American
husband could have been more careful
of her than he was; all this In striking
contrast to the peasants with whom
the woman is still an Inferior being.
So far as my observation goes, I feel
certain that emigration has been of
estimable value, economical and ethical,
to the three great monarchies chiefly
concerned, namely, Italy, Austro-Hun-gary
and Russia. It has withdrawn
fnelTietent labor and has returned some
of it capable of more and better work
It has lifted the status ot the peasantry
to a degree which could not have been
achieved even by a revolution.. It has
educated Its neglected masses, has lift
ed them to a higher standard of living
and has Implanted new and vital Ideals.
So far as the emigrant himself as a
person Is concerned. I have not seen
one who. If he escapes the dangers of
our Industrial activity, has not been
bettered by his contact with us. Ed
ward A. Stelner In the American Re
view of Reviews.
American Cities Without Taxes.
Success.
Nobody took trouble to dispute an
assertion of -the Controller of the great
est American city to the effect that "If
this city were run on a business basts,
if a man big enough could be found to
run It and see to the collection of all
proper revenues, I am sure that by 1925
we could take care of all essentials
without one cent of taxes."
Instead of being grappled with as an
altruism, this declaration was allowed
'to pass outside the fields of controversy
with all the silent honors due a truism.
The circumstance is important. It In
dicates, for one thing, a release from
the thralldom of that derisive epigram,
"Nothing is certain but death and
taxes."
It contributes, too. along with recent
Investigations, prosecutions and occa
sional "jail sentences," to the evidence
that the mood of the people toward the
failure of our political scheme to enable
us really to govern ourselves la less
complaisant, even somewhat sullen, and
Increasingly constructive."
That mood may even be ready to re
ceive so fantastlo an extension of the
Controller's motion as that, instead of
slitting the purses of Its citizens, a city
eught really to b paying thero divi
dends. Newspapers as Seat-Covers.
Philadelphia Record.
The newsboys who sell papers in the
neighborhood of Franklin Field reap a
harvest whenever the Pennsylvania base
ball team plays a game. Not that the
students read the papers mora than the
3T
from Afaska, In nuggets and bricks of
gold. Stationed about this beautiful
booth, with Its contents of a million In
gold, are guards to protect it, and at
night the plate glass case containing the
ordinary run of mortals, but because
every man who takes his girl to the
game has to buy a paper or be forever
out of favor. Railroad trains run east
of the grounds on elevated tracks and
throw cinders on the stands, while numer
ous chimneys on three sides tpour forth
dense soot The result Is that there is
always a thin layer of black dirt on the
seats, which no amount of cleaning seems
to thoroughly remove. When the girls
sit on these seats In their light dresses
they leave the game looking like con
victs, with the black stripes wherever the
oak bars have touched their clothes.-One
newspaper on the seat and one over the
back completely remedy this trouble, and
the girls have no sad surprises when they
reach home, nor do the students have to
walk the streets with a girl dressed, like
a xebra. This makes It very nice for the
newsboys.
Lady Frances Balfour, discussing the re
cent International congress for w.-iman uf
rraKT says that Mrs. Catt presided as well
as the Speaker ot the House of Commons.
MAKE TRIP FROM EUREKA.
a, w.
SMITH AND FAMILY IX
FLYER,
Mr and Mrs. G. W. Smith and daughter, Marguerite, and son, Rus
sell arrived last week In Portland in their 70 - horsepower Thomas
Flyer, from Eureka, CaL, their home. The party is making a short
stop In Portland as guests of Mr. and Mrs. P. L. Young, 733 John
son street," and will leave Monday in their car for Seattle. After
visiting the fair they will proceed te Bellipgham. returning thence to
Eureka, via Portland.. No accidents were encountered so far on ths
trip, but the party was delayed some on account of muddy roads after
leaving Eugene. The car Is driven and In charge of Russell, the 14-year-old
son.
enormous wealth Is lowered beneath
the floor Into a steel vault, beside which
others guards with euns are stationed.
m m m .
I have mentioned the gold exhibit
SCIENTIFIC
MASSACHUSETTS Is the only state
in the Union which Is proceeding
In an orderly and scientific way
with the work of reforesting its ter
ritory formerly occupied by growing
timber. The hills of the state, once
clothed with forests, have been cleared
away in so ruthless a manner the prob
lem now Is of wholesale planting to
make any profitable use of a large
part of the commonwealth's area. One
of the first states in the importance
of its manufacturing industries, Massa
chusetts has a market at home for all
the timber it can raise in many years
to come. Of the 6.000,000 acres, roundly,
within its boundaries, about 3,000,000
acres are so barren or so rough as to
CAL - , TO PORTLAND BY -AUTO
THEIR 7 - HORSEPOWER THOMAS
- r 1
next to the moose and caribou ana
J sheep beads which greet one upon en
trance into the building, Decausw ui
its special attractiveness, but the ob
serving visitor will not fail to notice
the fine display of grains and vegeta
bles a-nd timber which are near the en
trance and which surprise visitors who
supposed that Alaska wis a land of
icebergs and gold only. The southern
portion of Alaska is warmed by the
Japan currents and is as temperate In
climate as Portland, and fruits and
vegetables and grains grow there in
abundance.
To the right. Just after entering the
building, one sees the fine exhibit,
loaned by Lieutenant Emmons, in 15
glass cases, consisting of implements
and handiwork of native Alaskans, and
constituting, probably, the finest ethno
logical collection in existence. Lieuten
ant Emmons spent two weeks In ar
ranging this exhibit, and before the
exposition opened he sold the collec
tion so I am Informed-for $15,000.
There are other similar exhibits on
a smaller scale in the building, but
this exhibit is much more valuable be
cause of Its systematic arrangement.
Opposite, across the aisle. Is a beau
tiful exhibit of mountain birds of Alas
ka, loaned by the university at Pullman,
Wash.
To the left of this, further along. Is
the fish exhibit, and this Is Jhe only
mediocre exhibit in the building. It
Is made by a syndicate of Alaska salmon-packers,
and consists mainly of
empty salmon cans, having the trade
marks of the companies which con
tributed to the exhibit.
There are a few models of fish in
plaster of Paris, and one halibut In for
maldehyde, and the syndicate has a
kitchen In which It cooks salmon In
various ways and serves little lunches
to visitors, but the exhibit is not wor
thy of the great fish industry of
Alaska.
The mineral exhibit, which la next
to the fish exhibit, Is fine. Copper and
tin ores are displayed In great abund
ance, and there are fine exhibits of the
coal of Alaska, which exists in that
territory in great abundance.
REFORESTATION WORK
Massachusetts Engaged In Growing New
be unfit for agriculture, as It must
now be practiced In closely settled
communities. Much If not most of
these 8,000,000 acres eventually will be
planted and scientifically cared for un
der the direction of the State Forester.
Under a new law the state this year
will spend 15000 and In each succeed
ing year 310,000 in purchasing land
and planting It with trees from the
state nursery. As fhe land is to cost
not more than $5 an acre it is obvious
that something like three square miles
a year may be planted by the state
alone. But this Is Intended to be only
a beginning; the area reforested Is to
be in lots of not more than 40 acres
each, so situated that they may be an
object lesson to private owners of
lands suitable for ref orestisatlon. A
further Inducement to the private
growing of timber is made in the pro
vision that any person who sells such
a forest lot to the state may at any
time within 10 years tuy It back by
paying the original purchase price plus
4 per cent Interest thereon and the
actual cost of the new trees, planting,
maintenance and other Improvements.
The State Forester is empowered
also to accept and to manage on be
half of the state lands offered free of
cost for forest purposes. A donor of
such lands may reserve the right to
take It baclt by paying for Improve
ments made by the Forester on terms
similar to those prescribed for pur
chased lands, but his reservation must
be expressly stated in his deed of gift.
As water power Is of great Impor
tance in Massachusetts and forests are
important regulators of the supplies of
streams, the law provides that in the
selection of areas for reforesting the
protection of water supplies shall be
considered. Where water protection,
Indeed, is considered highly important
by the Forester, tracts of more than
40 acres may be acquired.
Already much land has been offered
to the state under these provisions, and
the work has been begun of planting
seedlings. These are mostly of the
white pine, than which no other tree
Is more useful and which originally
flourished on the New England hills.
The timber of the white pine has In
creased greatly la price within the
last 19 years, and from planting the
trees the state expects to derive a
handsome revenue. Set a proper dis
tance apart, and with the ground kept;
free "from underbrush and other tree
growth, the pines are certain to flour
ish and to acquire large size In less
time than In the ordinary natural
forest.
A difficulty which Is being found In
Massachusetts is the scarcity of seed
The marble of Alaska Is displays!
in a beautiful pagoda constructed
wholly of Alaska marble.
Near the marble exhibit is a pano
rama of scenes in Alaska, In which are
shown views of Alaska mountains and
valleys, and of Alaska canneries and
fields, and adding to the wonder ot
the panorama, there is shown the mid
night sun, and the changing lights of
morn and eve.
The Government Geological Survey
has a fine display of Alaska minerals,
most intelligently and instructively ar
ranged.
Last, but by no means least, thera
should be mentioned the exhibit of the
art work and needlework of the ladies
of Alaska, and the exhibits of school
work, both white and native; also the
beautiful watercolors of scenes in
Alaska, and the photographs of Alaska
scenes, on glass, shown as transparen
cies in windows, and paintings, on the
walls of the building, of the towns ot
Alaska.
The Government appropriated' J100.0M fo
this exhibit, and it is well worth the
money. The state of Washington has a
beautiful building, but it has no exhibit.
The space is devoted to social uses.
California has a fine display in lt
building, so has Japan in Its structure.
When the fair opened there were 90,000
people present, mostly from Seattle. Since
then the attendance has averaged about
26.400 daily.
The exposition grounds and buildings, as
a whole, do not equal In beauty the,
grounds and buildings of the Lewis andj
Clark Exposition. The ensemble Is not soi
picturesque. The buildings are crowded
together and the water display is meager.
If the exposition Is a success financially.
It will be because of the able management
of the president of the exposition, Mr.
Chllberg, who la one of the most ener
getic, capable and resourceful men in the
Northwest.
Many of the Eastern visitors to the ex
position are going to visit Alaska, as is
shown by the fact that all passages on
"the Alaska steamers are already engaged,
but doubtless all visitors to the exposition
will visit Portland.
Trees.
lings for planting. Pines are grown',
from the seed borne on the cones, and
the amount of seed varies greatly from
year to year, according to favorable
or unfavorable conditions for bearing.
This year the price is $1.50 to 32 a
pound: in other years It has been as
high as 14.50 a pound. About a bushel
of cones Is required to provide a pound
of seed, and the cones must be gath
ered before they open and scatter their
seed, which they do in September.
Gathering the cones from the tops of
the large -trees In which they grow
most abundantly Is slow work, but It is
an occupation which, with the demand
for pine seed In states that undertake
reforesting.
Further to encourage reforesting,
Massachusetts has enacted a law that
provides for the appointment of town
forest wardens. Such officers must be
paid by the towns, but they must be
approved by the State Forester and
act under his orders. Thus the office
is largely removed from the influence
of local politics, Aside from compensa
tion from the town, the town forest
warden will be paid by the state for
his time spent In fighting fires, insect
pests or obtaining information re
quired by the State Forester. The
town's advantage will be in having an
authorized officer to prevent forest
fires and to deal with railroads in the
matter of fires and their suppression.
Much destruction has been caused not
only to woods but to buildings for
many years by fires set In dry seasons
from locomotive sparks. The town
forest warden thus will be s resident
local agent in touch with the state's
general work and polity and acting
also with the aim of helping- his own
community. '
Massachusetts has had a technically
trained Forester since 1904, whose
work heretofore, has been largely that
of an adviser to private ownera of
woodlands and a lecturer at the State
Agricultural College. The new laws
are largely the result of the plans of
the Forester, Frank W. Rane, for a
broad policy by the state. Under Mr.
Kane's direction the state has estab
llahed nurseries at Amherst and Sand
wich and next year will plant more
than 1,000,000 seedlings, having planted
about 800,000 this year. Besides white
pine, a certain number of ash trees are
being planted, the ash being another
original denixen of the state forests
and possessing a high value In manu
factures. For the sandy soil of Caps
Ced the nursery at Sandwich has been
specially established, and with the
working out of the Forester's plans
this part of tKe state will be notably,
benefitted. Chicago Record-Herald.