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WHAT wiU be the dramatic Inci
dent of the quadrennially occur-
ring event on which the eyes of
the entire civilised -world Trill be fixed
rxt Thursday the Inauguration of
President of the United States?
Kvery Presidential Inauguration has
been marked In the public mind of the
time and In history as well, as a general
rul. by at least one connecting dramatic
Incident. Sometimes the Incident of Itself
has been trivial; again. It haa occupied
a prominent rrt In the business of for
mally conducting- a new administration
Into office. But whether insignificant or
l.oming It ha served to break the level
of the inauguration routine to the popu
lace lifted the event, as it were, from
the slough of monotony, and given to It
the "human interest" coloring for which
tho treat mass of onlookers at this pre
mier National event crave In all Its In
tensity. Therefore, whatever may turn
out to be the dramatic incident of the Im
pending inauguration, we may rest sure
of this, that It will continue to be talked
of many a day sfter everybody has
forgotten in what voice Mr. Taft deliv
ered his inaugural address, or what he
had to say in it.
Of course, the Presidential inaugura
tion that was one long and historical
dramatic incident from beginning to end
or rather, an unbroken wries of such In
cidents was that which made General
Oorge Washington the first President of
the new transatlantic Republic. Quiet
and orderly though the inauguration was.
and void of much of the glamor and
ostentation of present-day inaugurations,
nevertheless the Inaugural of -Washington
has taken Its place In history as one of
the most dramatic events In mankind s
centuries-old fight for national and Indi
vidual .freedom.
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Business.
Lincoln's two inaugurations remain the
country's only ones where the soldiery
was present not to make an inaugural
holiday for the multitude, but to insure
the safety or the President-elect. At his
first inauguration, whenever the populace
glanced upward they beheld the Army's
Ivst sharpshooters stationed In upper
windows and upon roofs all along the
line of the parade. They had to peer be
tween solid lines of infantry to get their
'much-desired glimpse of the tall Western
er as be rode to the Capitol in the tradi
tional open carriage dramatic Incident
in itself, due to the fact that Lincoln
had refused to heed Buchanan's advice
to go to his inaugural In a closed car
riage, .even though he knew full well of
the threats to kill him. And at the cross
streets, guarding them sedulously, stood
srjuads of cavalry; and even as Lincoln
took the oath of office and spoke the
words of his inaugural address a forest
of bayonets shot up at his feet and can
non mouths yawned on every approach
to the platform from which he delivered
his now historic paper.
What could have been more dramatlo
than the sight of Lincoln as he rode down
this lane of national dissension and dis
cord, gloomily prophetic of the war at
hand, coolly telling his -best jokes to the
retiring President, Buchanan, and laugh
ingoutwardly, at least as heartily as
ever he did when he was the obscure but
popular postmaster of the now vanished
little town of New Salem. 111.? Or what
more dramatic than the sight of well
known Southerners men known to be
strongly opposed to Lincoln and his politi
cal principles -forgetting themselves un
der the power of this plain President's
eloquence and cheering him as lustily as
tho old friends from Illinois? Then. too.
hark of that tall, gaunt form, stood the
short, squat figure of the man whom Lin
coln had defeated in November the "lit
tle giant," Stephen A. Dougles, also of
Illinois; and it fell to the lot of the North
em Democracy's candidate to hold Lin
coln's hat while he went through the
ceremony of Inauguration and otherwise
to wait on his political conqueror.
Thus, dramatic incident after incident,
some trivial, some significant of coming
history, followed at the inaugural: and
over all hung the sinister cloud of war,
which was not dispelled by the buslness
I'ke attitude of the soldiery, primed to
spring to the President's aid at the first
untoward move made in his direction.
Since then the soldier and the sun have
continued to play an especially spectacu
lar role at Inaugurations, but solely as
adjuncts to the pageant that quadren
nially winds its way Rlnng Pennsylvania
avenue as evidence of the Nation's re
joicing at the making of a new President.
It was a thrilling sight to the great
crowd that witnessed Lincoln's second in
auguration to behold the great parade,
mads up. in larse part of veterans of the
war some of them crippled in the service
of their country and numerous civil or
ganisations, as much elated with the
prospect of the close of the war as the
cheerinft spectators themselves. But to
the onlooking host the dramatic Incident
of the day was the failure of President
Lincoln to ride to the Capitol at the head
of all this splendor and rejoicing, and the
heading of the procession fry Mrs. Lin
coln, the only time In the history of this
country that a woman has led an Inaug
ural parade. But to the smaller group
cf notable men and women who witnessed
the administration of the oath of office
to Andrew Johnson, the dramatic the
painfully dramatic Incident of the day
was the strange conduct of the new Presi
dent, a thing that will be remembered
against the unfortunate successor of Lin
coln & long as his name is recalled by
his countrymen.
Defeated Candidate Wlto Divided
Honors.
At a matter of course, the "big" man
t a national inauguration is the President-elect.
But it so happened at one
Inauguration that the President-elect was
not the "big" man. but one of two "big"
men, the other being the defeated candi
date for President, and. up to thle day,
the worst beaten candidate for that ofjlce
in its history.
The President-elect in question was
Ji lies A. Garfield, the man who shared
the honors of the day with him was that
.-m of soldierly grace. Major-General
Vinflld S. Hancock, and the dramatlo
Mnatlon peculiar to the Incoming of the
:"-h President of the Vnitcd States was
dus primarily to that rugged old soldier
t'-irn in command of the Army, General
V 'Ulam Tcumseh Sherman.
General Sherman In canting about- tor
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a suitable representative of the Army in
the inaugural parade, hit upon the de
feated Democratic candidate, then sta
tioned at Governor's Island. New York.
The hero of Gettysburg and Spottsyl
vanla had taken the news of his defeat
for the Presidency with great calmness.
But the order to proceed to Washington
and there help to make things merry for
the Inaugural of his political conqueror
plainly irritated him. Nevertheless, he
put his soldier's dirty above his personal
preference and pride, and signified his
entire willingness to obey the order of his
superior. "Yes," he wrote to a friend
several days before he started on this die
tasteful duty, "I am going to Washington
on the 3d of March for a few days. Gen
eral Sherman, my commanding officer,
has asked me to be present. I have no
right to any personal feeling in the mat
ter. It is clearly my duty as a soldier to
obey.
"What I can do in Washington with dig
nity I will do. I do not expect to be in
advance of, or follow, the triumphal car,
either on foot or on horseback. I only
expect to do my level best. I wonder how
they did these things in Rome? When I
return from Washington I can tell you
how the American people do It under' the
new census. Fifty million of people hav
a way of their own. you know."
It is not on written record that Han
cock told this friend of his how the Amer
ican people "did these things." But If ha
did tell him it was a story of how Han
cock, when he landed in Washington th
night before the inaugural, was received
with wild acclaim by bl folk and little,
vleing with one another to burden him
with evidences of their affectionate re
gard for him of how the thousands lin
ing the route of the parade turned to hlra
even before they glanced at the President
elect and cheered him as heartily and
sometimes even more heartily than they
did Garfield himself of how he had to
summon the police to keep excited ad
mirers from unhitching- the horses of his
carriage and drawing it themselves of
how, everywhere he went, at least half
the honors of the day were clearly and
unmistakably his.
A truly dramatic and unique Inaugura
tion featiwe, with the "dead" would-be
"king" acclaimed as wildly and sincerely
as the "live" one a situation that must
have given some little secret personal sat
isfaction and Joy to General Hancock. But
outwardly, and with a polished tact that
made the crowd cheer for hlra more vocif
erously than ever, he quietly endeavored
at all times to effaoe himself as much as
circumstances would permit in the Inter
est of General Garfield. His behavior on
that day affords a striking contrast to the
inauguration ill humor of other well
known historical characters, appreciably
less skilled In the rare and precious art
of self mastery.
Ill Humor Often Displayed.
This lack of self mastery and the re
sultant III humor has been the underlying
cause of dramatic Incidents marking- at
least three Inaugurals: and In each case
party reeling and personal differences
were so intense that the outgoing Presi
dent refused to show the time-honored
courtesies to his successor.
After the election of Grant In IS69,
Washington gossips fell to speculating as
to "what Johnson would do about It" on
the coming 4th of March. Since tho Im
peachment days Johnson and Grant had
not spoken to each other. Tet the belief
still prevailed that Johnson would over
come his personal feelings in order to ob
serve time-honored custom.
Until almost the last moment neither
Grant nor Johnson Intimated their Inten
tions. Finally, this message was brought
to the President-elect: "Johnson says be
won't ride with you."
'I'm glad of It," responded the one
time war chief. And two hours before
Ornnt returned from the Capitol to the
White House Johnson departed from its
portals forever.
Both the two Adamses, by a coinciden
tal turn of fate, refused to participate In
the Inauguration of their successors. The
elder Adams had been a candidate for re
election In one of the most bitterly fought
campaigns In the history of the country.
Upon the election of Thomas Jefferson,
Adams told his friends that he would quit
Washington before hfa successful rtvel
set foot there. And he did.
The political estrangement between John
Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson, as
the result of two campaigns in which
they had been pitted against each other,
might have been bridged over sufficiently
to have brought both to th Inauguration
of 1623, had not the breach been still fur-
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ther widened by domestic grief. .In the
Presidential canvass of the preceding year
Jackson's wife had been made the victim
of many newspaper attacks, some of
which Jackson thought had been made
with the knowledge of Adams. This be
lief had been strengthened in Jackson's
mind by the fact that even the organ of
the Administration had joined in the jour
nalistic assault. Mrs. Jackson died the
following Winter as the result, her hus
band felt, of the newspapers' virulence.
Therefore, when Jackson reached the cap
ital he Ignored the time-honored custom
of calling on the President. Accordingly,
Adams declined to take part In the in
auguration exercises.
Of course, history credits an even still
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PABISER PLATZ, THE FASHIONABLE PARADE OP BERLIN.
This is the "Pariser Platz," which lies at one end of tha Avenue Unter den Linden In Berlin. This ave
nue is the fashionable parade of Berlin. At one end is the palace and surrounding it are other palaces, mu
seums and the cathedral. At the other end Is the Brandenburg gate and the Paris Place, on which most of
the embassies are built. Very near the Parts Place Is the Wilhelm Strasse, where Is located the Foreign
Office: so the Paris Place Is really the center of things diplomatic. When a foreign sovereign lslts Ber
lin, he Is received at the Brandenburg gate and any ceremonies Of a public
reception usually occur In the Paris Place.
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more dramatic and a unique incident
to the first Incoming of the hero of New
Orleans, such an incident that Is Im
possible of recurrence, no matter how
far Into the future Presidential Inaugu
rations may carry. This was the utter
demoralisation of the inaugural recep
tion, not by the weather, as has ' fre
quently been the case, but by a far more
potent confusing force John Barley
corn. As Jackson regarded himself as a man
of the people, he believed that a hand
shaking affair would be more democratic
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than the stately minuets of an inaugural
dance. Accordingly, he invited everybody
"up" to the White House, and told them
to enjoy themselves. They did, as every
Rphnolhov knawl.
"I never saw such a mixture." said
Judge Story, one of Washington's lights
nf thnn rt.nvs. "The reign of Queen Mob
Reemed triumphant.
"At lA.st one exDlanation of the
crowd's effervescing spirits was a large
consignment of orange punch, wine and
brandled ices, which was doled out 11b-
prallv. to tho White House EUestS. SO
character
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thirstv were the men that the women,
amid the confusion, were pushed into the
background. As a decoy several tubs of
punch were carried into the garden. This
thinned out the crowd In the White
House somewhat: and It might have
saved the day had not those who re
mained climbed upon the upholstered
chairs and Uivans, wiping off the mud
of their boots on the costly velvets in
order to get a better view of the Presi
dent. Through it all Jackson looked on
with a smile.
" 'Let the boys have a good time," he
said, 'It's only once in four years. .
The Drama of Dwindled Glory.
The overshadowing dramatic -incident of
the Inauguration held to let Grant sue
ceed himself was the manner In which
the weather set at naught all the elab
orate plans to outdo and outshine every
previous Imii'gural. Many Inaugurations
have been marked by what an English
man terms beastly weather, but none by
such truly enthusiasm-killing weather as
Grant's second.
In the face of a blinding wind the big
procession dwindled away as half frozen
men dropped out of the line of march.
Only a thin ribbon of spectators along
the sidewalks had the hardihood to with
stand the midwinter storm. Grant
himself suffered. At that time In his
life he was possessed of robust health,
and as if proud of the fact, rode the
whole length of Pennsylvania avenue
with his hat in his hand. But after he
had begun his address, apparently with
as much comfort as If tho weather was
pleasant, his voice became so hoarse and
was so nearly drowned In the roar of the
storm that It could hardly be beard a
dozen feet away.
When night came the cold increased.
Elaborate preparations had been made
for the ball, which was to be held in a
temporary building In Judiciary square.
where the Pension building now stands.
Yet no thought had been taken to heat
the building, for no one had foreseen
such calamitous weather. Despite the
beautiful decorations, tho huge cham
ber more resembled a refrigerator than a
ball room.
The crowd catne. marveled at the lav
ish embellishments and then shivered. In
the frosty air no one thought of danc
ing or dining. Men and women stood
In huddled groups still wrapped in their
furs. The men who took off their hats I
sneezed ao alarmingly that tha women
bade them cover their heads agau"w
When some one suggested that, anyway
the cadets from V est Point and Anago
11s ought to be able to dance, one of
the prospective warriors replied:
"Most of us haven't any toes to dance
on. Thev were all frozen off on tho
march this afternoon."
Nothing frosty or formal characteilzed
the first real inaugural ball, which, will
be an Inaugural custom of a hundred:
years' standing next Thursday and'
winch was the Imposing dramatlo Inci
dent of the Madison Inaugural, s sub-1
Joct for conversation in the then new
lv founded national capital for maiy and,
many a da v.
Th dancing began at 7 o'clock sharp.'
President Moxlisou was present at the '
function for a time, but his personality
seemed to be a damper on tho spirits of
the crowd. Ho carud little for dancing.!
and seemed so bored bv tho spectacle
that ho almost went to sleep. But after
he had left the revelry ohtnlined full
siring. The crowd of iOO hod benn packed
into a comparatively small rooim, and a3
a result the atmosphere became Insuffer
ably close. Some of the gallants tried
to open the windows, and not being able
to budge them, smashed holes In. the
glass. Perfect ventilation was thus af
forded, and the gayety was a continual1
crescendo until the party broke up at 33.
Contrasting dramatically with the mirth'
and gayety which are traditionally asso-'
elated with an inauguration was the al-'
most funereal service at -which Andrew'
Johnson took the oath of office. It oc-
curred in the parlor of tho KirkwoodV
House. Johnson stood benoath a huge
brass chandelier and was surrounded by!
an array of small, marble-topped tables. I
He was dressed in deep black, and!
throughout the ceremony he appeared sad'
and taciturn. Having taken the oath, he'
decided on tin early Cabinet session and a
few other details, and then, still sombre
and moody, he went upstairs to th
humble room which had hitherto been
his Washington home.
AVlio AVill Be President?
As the time for the inauguration of 177
approached the entire country was on the
qui vlve as to the name of the man to
be inaugurated would It be Hayes or
would It be Tilden? Hayes himself was'
In doubt even as he took tho train for!
Washington, and not until after ho had
traveled some distance thence did he re-
ceive word that he was the man beyondj
the peradveiixure of a doubt a dramatic i
situation never before or since duplicated'
in the country's history. Therefore, Gen- :
eral Hayes made his entrance Into Wash
ington and his high office under peculiar-1
ly dramatic circumstances.
A minor dramatic incident of the day j
was the prai-.tlcal overwhelming of tha ,
new President at the White House re- j
ceptlon, the crowd bearing down upon !
hiin so suddenly that the police had to he
called in to restore order and shut tha
gates leading into the White Housa
grounds of Itself an unusual Inaugural
proceeding. But no one least of all the
President himself could blame the people
for their anxiety to get a glimpse of and
shake hands with the man who. but a
few hours before, knew not his Presiden
tial fate, and who did not begin work on
his Inaugural address until two days be
fore he received his Presidential oath
from the lips of the Chief Justice of tha
United States Supremo Court.
A dramatic tinge was lent to Cl-e-land's
first Jnauguratlon by widespread
knowledge of the fact that h never had
set foot in Washington until he came
there to be made President; and all tha
time he was on public view tho populaca
eagerly watched him to see what effect
the etrange city was naving on him.
But wiien he began delivering his inau
gural address there came the real dra
matic event of the day for Cleveland,
departing from fixed custom, and with
a courage consistent with his compara
tive youth and adamant firmness of mind,
delivered Ills address from memory. As
he started on this task, and the men
and women present, who were looked
upon as dyed-in-the-wool Inauguration
goer?, observed no manuscript in tha
President's hands, they held their breath
and -waited, with every nerve intense, for
what they considered the inevitable blun
dersome disastrous 'slip from the print
ed context that would be taken up and:
exploited by the new administrations
enemies. But they waited In vain. Clew
land, from the open sentence to the close,
had his memory and himself under per
fect control.
Unquestionably the most Ijeautlful and
touching Inaugural dramatic Incident was
that attending the first swearing in of
William itcKtnley. At no inauguration,
has a wife maintained a hold upon tlr
mind of the President as did Mrs, Mc
Klnley at that time. The puhllo had
learned in part of the deep love of Its
President-elect for his wife of his ever-!
vigilant and tender solicitude for lie.r .
hut It was scarcely prepared to behold i
Mr. McKinley, as soon as ho entered thii
Senate chamber, glance anxiously toward'
the gallery and cloud his usually pleas
ant features with unmistakable signs of
worry until his eyes ;had found his wife.
Then his face 'became suffused witli
smiles and he was radiantly happy.
Counting his experience when he be
came Vice-President, tne intensely dra-'
matic manner In which ho became Mc-
Kinloy's successor and his very own In
auguration rour years ago, i'resiaenc
Roosevelt, after next Thursday, will hava
played important roles at four Inaugu-
rala. At iMoKLinley's second inaugural ha
was clearly the bero of the day tho
figure around which tho populace re
volved- dramatic personification of
young America, as It were. His cowboy '
reception was one of the more strikltiK
dramatic Incidents of his own elective
Inaugural. What will bft his part In the
practically inevitable dramatic Incident
or Incidents of the Taft Inauguration.
.the country will know tuny-on the morn
ing of the Cth, f March.