The Sunday Oregonian., February 28, 1909, SECTION THREE, Page 4, Image 28

THE SUNDAY OREGONIAN. PORTLAND, FEfiRUARY 28, 1909.
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EVERT family can have some sort
of a garden. If there Is not a
square inch of land, there are win
dows and porches, and in any place
where sunlight enters, plants can be
made to grow. Fortunately, the satis
faction of a garden oes not depend upon
the area nor the cost or rarity of its
plant-'. It Is the peraonal part and most
Intimate association with the private life
of one s home. There Is no soil so poor
that something cannot be built. It Is
most essential to any satisfaction in
gardening that the soil be rich, mellow
and thoroughly fine.
Every pains should be put forth to pre
vent the surface of the soil from becom
ing crusty or baed. Loose, mellow soil
contalps more plant food and provides
the best conditions for plant growth.
The garden spot should be arranged in
such a manner that all the tilling and
preparation of the surface can be done
by ordinary hand tools, or spades or
shovels may bo used. Whenever the soil
is mellow, a fork is a better tool than a
spade, from the fact that It does not
slice the soil, but breaks it into small,
irregular masses. The ordinary spading
fork, with strong, flat tines. Is a most
serviceable Implement.
Don't Work Wet Soih
An essential point in preparing the gar
den bed is that th- soil should not be
sticky when It is made up. as it is liable
to become hard and baked, thus greatly
Injuring the physical conditions. When
soil is too wet for the reception of seeds,
it may be thrown up loose with a spade
or fork, and allowed to dry- After two
or three days the surface preparation
may be finished with a rake or hoe.
The latter tool should in most cases
follow the spading fork or the spade,
and for the final preparation of the gar
den soil a steel garden rake is the ac
cepted tool. For home garden plots the
seed may be sown by hand. The particu
lar method ann depth of planting vary
ing with the kind of seed, the soil its
preparation, the season and whether they
are planted In ti-c open or In the house.
The rows of vegetables should be long
and continuous, to allow of tillage. If it
Is not desired to grow an entire row of
one vegetable the row may be made up
of several species, one following the
other, and one or two long rows In which
are planted a dozen different kinds of
vegetables are preferable to a dozen
short rows, each containing one kind of
vegetable.
Plant flower Seed, Too.
It Is not at all necessary that the small
garden contain only kitchen garden
vegetables. Flower seed should be plant
ed here and there, whenever a vacant
spot occurs or a plant dies. These in
formal and mixed gardens have a per
sonality which adds both to their Interest
and value.
When watering be careful that the
force of the water does not pack the
earth tightly about the plant. Always
transplant in cloudy or rainy weather,
particularly If late in the season. Firm
the earth snugly about the roots with the
hands or feet. In order to bring up the
soil moisture, but it is better to rake the
surface in order to establish the earth
mulch, unless the plants are so small
that their roots do not penetrate through
the mulch. To reduce evaporation from
the plants, shingles mny be stuck in the
ground, or screens made of cardboard,
used to shade the ilant. Other protec
tions are tin cans, Inverted flower pots
and coverings of brush. Watering should
he done at nightfall, and the surface
loosened the next morning.
A good method for labelling plants Is
to place the envelope or package in
which the seed was purchased, or a
strip of paper hearing the plant name,
etc.. in a glass bottle or small can, which
is inverted and sunk a few inches in the
ground near the plant. Other labels are
made by lettering thin strips of wood
stuck in the ground near the particular
plant It records.
. Following are given rules for growing
many of the root crops and tubers. In
cluding the beet, carrot, turnip, potato
etc.:
The Beet a Hardy Vegetable.
The beet is hardy and may be planted
as soon as the ground can be well pre
pared, doing best in rich sandy soil, sown
in rows 16 Inches apart and covered 1H
Inches deep. The seed will sprout better
If soaked 24 hours In warm water before
planting. Long or blood varieties should
be grown for Winter use and round or
turnip varieties for Summer use. When
the beets are about the size of a lead
pencil the tops, beets and all are used
for greens. They should be thinned un
til they stand four inches apart.
Turnips, for early nee. should be sown
as soon as the ground can be worked In
the Spring, In drills 14 to 30 inches apart.
As the seed is very fine, it should be
covered but slightly, except in very dry
weather. Turnips may be sown on a
piece of land that has been used earlier
In the season for peas or some other
garden crop.
Carrots thrive best In sandy loam, but
any good land. If thoroughly and deeply
worked, will produce satisfactory crops.
Sow as early In the Spring as the ground
Is fit. to work, and since this vegetable
Is used so generally In soups, salads,
boiled dinners and savory cooking, they
should be kept on hand in a state of
tender immaturity by means of several
successlona! small sowings. For table
use sow the smaller kind in rows one
foot apart. Cover the seed very lightly,
pressing down the soil firmly. When
planting in the garden radish seed may
be sown in the rows, and the radish may
be pulled before the carrots need the
ground.
The parsnip is a nutritious and whole
some vegetable with a sugary sweetness
peculiar to itself. In cultivating treat
exactly like carrot, in regard to sowing
and thinning.
The general culture of salsify, or vege
table oyster. Is also the same as that
given for parsnips. In appearance sal
sify resembles the parsnip, and in flavor
is much like an oyster. The roots are
served boiled as a vegetable or may be
sliced and fried, or made into delicious
soups. Sow early In the Spring in drills
a foot apart, and after thinning leave
four or five inches between each plant.
The roots are perfectly hardy and may
remain in the ground during Winter.
Kadishes Mature Quickly.
The radish is a hardy, quick-maturing
early season crop. For the earliest rad
ishes the most Satisfactory way Is to
make a bed of straw stable manure six
inches In depth, sowing the radish seed
mixed with lettuce seed on this bed. It
Is surprising how quickly both the rad
ishes and lettuce are produced by this
method. Some of the newer varieties are
good throughout the Summer, and may be
sown in drills about a foot apart. A
mellow, rich, loose soil is essential, and
since radishes grow very rapidly, they
should be eaten while still small. Often
times radishes may be sown with slow
growing crops, as they are lange enough
for the table within four to six weeks
from the time of planting. One ounce of
seed is sufficient for 100 feet or row. To
keep tip a supply for the table, make
successive sowings from a week to ten
days apart.
Horseradish is propagated by "sets,'
which are small roots that have been
trimmed from the large plant roots when
the crop is stored In the Fll. These
sets should be planted in rows feet
apart and 10 to 12 Inches apart in the
row. This most useful condiment grows
best In rich, cool clay loam. A root
4 to S inches long, cut Into four pieces
and. planted. will moke plants large
enough to use the first season. Plant
them vertically, with the small or pointed
end down, and the top one Inch below the
surface. Do not plant horseradish In
places where you do not want It perma
nently, as it is hard to get rid of.
To secure good results with that suc
culent tuber, the potato. It Is inadvisable
1
t " -A-i-tir t.&v Arw vl f2s "
v 'J ' ' i Si Vfj
I t a LlTXl'RIANT GROWTH Of Sebi' l-Kiiia. t
m nlnnt them on the same ground two
years tn succession. It is absolutely nec
essary that the ground Is in a high state
of cultivation. Rich sandy loams, which
are well supplied with organic matter
and Well drained, are the Oest ior pota
toes. Newly cleared timber land Is fine
for potatoes. The preparation for the
seed should be well done. Tubers should
not be cut for seed more than one or two
days previous to planting. generally,
medium-sized potatoes will give the best
results, and when seed potatoes are not
very high in price it is advisable to plant
halves rather than quarters. With small
potatoes never use anything less than
halves. The early crop may be put in
the ground as soon as the weather gets
settled, while the late or main crop
should be planted about the middle of
May.
Culture of Onion Family.
iTnja ih, aiitinii)i crnun of vegetables
Is the onion, leek, chive, etc. Onions
may be grown from seeas or iron neis.
, .j ,. ,iao,i thv mnv he sown in
11 Dccua Q . j
the ground where the bulbs are to ma
ture, or they may be sown m greennouses
or hotbeds, and the young plants trans-
1 ..... .4 . n (h. m rf thn trarden nlot.
ivi a
In sowing out of doors seeds should be
put In as early as posstme, in snanow
drills, three feet apart and covered with
one-half inch of moist, fine earth. Weed
carefully. This will give eany green
onions. When the plantlets are as large
iaA nan,!! their nre set four Inches
apart in rows three feet asunder. In rich.
well-drained loam ana requires rtsum
cultivation. In growing from "sets." the
planting Is similar, as is also that of mul
tiplier or potato onions.
Chives are propagated by division. Pro
,,ma nt tha rlivirieri nlants. set them
out. They are vigorous and will take
care of themselves, lr weeaea occasion
ally. They are perennials, and last for
vears. Used chiefly as a substitute for
onion flavoring.
The leek belongs to the onion ramuy,
; aimllaf tn a vniinir onion, and
on account of being milder and less pro
nounced tn navor, IS preierreu ur iiituijr
for soups and stews. Its cultivation is
i n ,k.t t nninti, V111 1 when ni TT
W It",'
Inches high, hill up the earth about the
neck, to Diancn it.
The leguminous group of vegetables in-
I 1 11 (in L,ru,o uu -
among the most popular of early Spring
vegetaoies. aeieci me warmroi. nyui m
v.A Va,i1iin fnr thlr nlnntlnff. Tin not
nlant until the soil Is thoroughly warm,
. ..I ... i jt j
as Deans are very seiiHiiiva in wiu on
wet before they have sprouted, but are
not liable to be damaged after they are
above ground. Beans require a light,
rich, well-drained soil, which has been
heavily fertilized. Beans should be
planted one and one-half inches deep In
drills eight or nine inches apart if gar
den space Is limited.
Care of Peas and Beans.
Peas do best in a clay loam, in well
worked soil, richly fertilized. Sow the
same as beans. Many people prefer the
dwarf varieties, growing from 12 to 14
Inches high, but the taller plants are
more satisfactory. They may easily be
Btaked by driving a flat picket crosswise
In the row, about every six feet, and
then running a heavy twine or light wire
from stake to stake. In the small garden
this is much more preferable, as the peas
are more easily picked, yield more abun
dantly, and the pods and peas are larger.
There are on the market today several
varieties that are quite hardy, and can
be planted as early in the season as it Is
possible to work the ground. It requires
about two pounds of saed to plant 100
feet or row. In the early varieties,
squash may be planted in every other
row and the crop harvested after the
peas are taken off the land.
Under the brassicaceous group is given
cabbages, kale, cauliflower, etc.
Cabbage is more extensively grown in
large areas for market than any other
vegetable.- excepting the potato. The
requisites for complete success is primar
ily good seed. Second in importance is
rich, well-prepared ground. Third is fre
quent and thorough cultivation. A heavy
moist and rich loam Is most suitable,
which should be highly manured and
worked deeply. It is necessary that cab
bage seed for early varieties should be
planted under glas the seeds placed
tn rows about three-fourths of an inch
apart, four or five seeds per inch, and
covered a quarter of an Inch deep. These
should oe hardened oft by gradually ex-
posing to the night air, and as early-as
the ground Is in good condition, trans
planted in rows. 18 to SO Inches apart,
with plants 24 inches apart In the row,
according to size or variety. For the
Fall or main crop, the seed should be
sown from the middle to the last of
Spring, thinly In drills In the seed bed,
and the young plants transplanted when
four to six inches high, setting them 18
to 24 Inches apart in the row, in rows
three to four feet apart. Shade and
water the late growings to get them up.
It Is important that the plants should
not be crowded In the seed bed or they
will run up weak and slender, with
lengthly stems.
Brussels sprouts is a very satisfactory
garden vegetable that does well wherever
cabbages will grow. The plants, which
are very hardy, grow two or three feet
high, and produce from the sides of the
stalk, an abundance of small, cabbage
like heads, from one to two inches In
diameter, which cling closely to the stem
below the crown of leaves. These are
cooked like cabbage or cauliflower. They
are of a very delicate flavor and from
plants set out in the first week pf June,
a crop may be gathered from August
until Chrlstmastide. In the Fall the
leaves should be broken down to allow
the little heads more room- for growth.
In all respects they should be treated
like Winter cabbage or kale.
Valuable for preens.
The latter, which is also known as
borecole, is largely grown for supplying
greens in the Fall, Winter and Spring.
It requires the same soil and cultivation
as cabbage. Unlike cabbage, however,
kale does not form a close and solid head,
but in a cluster of beautifully curled and
wrinkled leaves, which are most tender
and of excellent flavor.
Also one of the cabbage family, and
partaking somewhat of the nature and
flavor of the turnip, is the kohlrabi. It
is considered by many to be far superior
in delicacy of flavor to either the turnip
or cabbage. The edible part is a bulb,
formed by the swelling of the stem, and
should be cut for table use before It Is
THE BEST IN
OE
iGON ROS
Here is a chance to secure the finest varieties of Roses in collec
tions which cannot be equaled in either quality or price. Unlike
most cheap collections, we give the names of the varieties which
embrace each collection, so that customers can see exactly what
they will get. Please bear in mind that each plant is distinctly
labeled, true to name, and are ia no way inferior to those bought
separately at the prices quoted in our catalogue. We can make no
changes or divisions in these collections.
p ' tL(l W will send strong 1-year-old plants of any of
rOi DUG -following collections by mail, prepaid.
"P fy 'rr We will send strong 2-year-old dormant bushes
rOi Xi.Uv 0f any of following collections by exp., collect.
COLLECTION A
Admiral Dewey
Franz Ueegan
Tvory
Madame A,
COLLECTION B
Helen Cambler
Mrs. B. H. Cant
Maman Cochet
TTDiR.Hn
Souv. Pres.
COLLECTION C
Coquette de Lyon
The Queen
Mrs. Robert Garrett
COLLECTION D
Climbing Safrano
Climbing La France
COLLECTION E Six
Alfred Colomb
Coquette des Alps
Clio
Earl of Dufferln
Beautifully illustrated catalogue free. Describes the largest and
finest stock of Roses and other flowers in the Pacific Northwest.
CLARKE BROS.
Wholesale T2
287 Morrison St. Portland, Oregon
i,7
I
Prepare Your Garden
With a Planet Junior Garden Tool
The use of any Planet Junior garden tool will enable you to prepare a bet
ter garden with less work and at less expense. They are very durable and
are constructed of the best possible material. We have a complete stock of
these tools and will gladly give you all the information you desire. The
No. 25 shoAvn here is intended for small or medium sized gardens. It is
fully guaranteed and will give excellent service. No. 70, shown here, is made
for larger gardens and is one of the best horse cultivators on the market.
J?. NO. 25
..n o.rnwn ns it becomes tough and
stringy if allowed to grow too long. Kohl
rabi should be sown as soon as the
ground can be prepared, in drills, the
same as turnips. Thin these to six
inches in each row, or transplant like
cabbages. ,
The solanaceous group of vegetables
include tomatoes, egg-plant and PPP"
Tomatoes should be sown In hot-beds,
and as soon as they have four leaves,
transplant Into shallow boxes or each
plant may be replanted In a berry box.
These should be gradually hardened off,
so that by the time they are of sufficient
size to set In the garden, they will be
able to stand the outdoor weather with
out suffering a setback. They require a
rich, warm, sandy loam, and may be suc
cessfully grown by staking. One stake
should be used to each of the rows, the
first one 12 inches from the ground and
the next one about 30 inches. This will
form a sort of trellis for the vines, which
should be then pruned to . about three
stems. This pruning Increases the size
of the individual fruits, also allows the
sunlight to reach the blossoms and fruit,
thus promoting a much earlier crop. This
may look to the reader like considerable
trouble, but two vines thus cared for
will produce more fruit and at a much
earlier season than will a dozen vines al
lowed to grow In their own way.
Eggplants should be started under glass,
tsn1antarl H An the weather Is
settled and the ground thoroughly warm
THE WORLD
Six Bare New Roses
Chatenay
Souv. de P. et Nottlng
Intensity .
Seven Choice Roses
A. Victoria
Virginia Coxe
Carnot
Golden Gate
Eight Good Roses
Maurice Rouvler White La France
Madame P. Duchere Mme. Joseph Schwartz
Papa Gontier
Six Climbing Roses
Beauty of Glazenwood , Pillar of Gold
Madame A. Carrlere
Hybrid Perpetual Roses
Magna Charla
General Jacquemenot
Now is the time to prepare to spray. Get your pump in season and spray at the
proper time. All the leading orchardists. and many of the fruit inspectors ot
the Northwest now spray their orchards.
WITH A MYERS SPRAY PUMP
WHY?
Because there is no question in their minds as to which is the superior spray
pump, the pump that will maintain the necessary pressure, that will last a nat
ural lifetime and give good service the entire time, that is easily operated, that
enables the operator to reach all parts of every tree, that is not affected by
spray mixture, is the one to buy. The Myers is the one and ONLY pump that
will do all this and more. All sizes and styles, reasonable prices. Full line of
sprav hose, nozzles and spray fixtures. Send for our Fruitgrowers' Catalogue.
PAY
A
They require rich loamy soil, and will
thrive with the same treatment given the
tomato.
If a successful crop of cucumbers is
wanted the seed should be planted under
glass, the most satisfactory way being to
plant four or five seeds in a quart berry
box- filled with a fine loam. These can
be set in the kitchen window or under
glass in the hotbed. These are trans
planted In hills four feet apart each way,
thinning to three or four of the strong
est plants after danger from insects Is
passed. When the fruit has formed, pick
it before it ripens, as the vines will cease
setting fruitTa8 soon as any seed begins
to mature.
Salad Plants in Warm Soil.
.Of the salad plants, all grown for their
, fresh, tender, succulent leaves. It Is
manifestly expedient that they are plant
! ed in warm, rich, mellow ground. Let
i tuce seeds may be sown" early in drills
. about 14 inches apart in the bed. and three
I feet apart in .the garden. Several suc
i cessive sowings should be made. Curled
; cress or pepper grass is much used with
i lettuce, to which its warm pungent taste
i makes an agreeable addition. Seed should
I be sown in drills 16 inches apart on very
rich ground, with repeated sowings and
careful cultivation.
Corn salad, also known as Iamb's let
tuce, may be sown in the Spring at the
same time and in the same manner as
lettuce or planted in the Fall like spin
ach. Endive is a handy vegetable, cultt-
ONEYMAN HARDWARE CO.
Fourth
HEADQUARTERS for GARDEN TOOLS
25c to 75c
50c to 75c.
25c to 75c
25c to 50c
$3.00 to $15.00
US
VISIT
and
vated principally for a Winter salad.
Sow the seeds from April until August
for a succession of crops, tie the leaves
closely together to blanch them.
Dandelion seed should be sown thinly in
shallow drills early In the Spring, well
cultivated and kept free from weeds
throughout the Summer. The plants
should be covered with a light mulch of
hay or straw during Winter and will start
into growth early in the Spring. The
leaves are served raw as a salad or
cooked like spinach. The roots may be
also taken up and planted In boxes In the
same manner as parsley, and will furnish
a supply of fresh "greens" during the
Winter months.
Sow Spinach Early.
Spinach is a hardy plant that does best
if sown early in the Spring or late in
the Fall. Sow In rows about 12 inches
apart, and begin thinning out the plants
when the leaves are an Inch In width. It
should have very rich ground the richer
the better. In the early Spring one of
the thick leaved varieties should he
planted and in the Fall bow some of the
Winter varieties.
Mustard Is used alone as greens or with
cress as salad. Sow the seed any time in
the Spring, in rows, and thin out as nec
essary. Parsley is a low-growing perennial and
is harvested by cutting its leaves. The
seed is very slow In germinating, and
should be sown in the early Spring, in
drills ten or 12 inches apart. With the
and Alder Streets, Portland, Oregon
POULTRY NETTING
All sizes
12 in. to 72 in.
50c to $1.50
NO. 70
. TWO
STORES
EastSecond
E. Morrison Sts.
First and Taylor Sts.
plants three or four to the foot. Plants
should live outdoors all Winter and may
be protected by straw or boards.
Rhubarb or pieplant sucreeds best in
deep, rich, somewhat retentive soil. The
richer Its condition and the deeper It Is
stirred the better. Sow in drills an Inch
deep and thin out the plants to six inches
apart. In the Fall transplant the young
plants into very highly manured and
deeply stirred soil, setting them four to
six feet apart each way, and give a
dressing of coarse manure each .Spring.
The stalks should not be plucked until
the second year and the plant never al
lowed to exhaust itself by running to
seed.
rjreenhonaest Kant Twenty
Elghth Street and Snndr Road.
MAX M. SMITH
Florist
CIT FLOWERS AMI
FLOKtl, DFISIfiNSj
ALSO A Ft I.I. M'K
OK BEDDIXtt PLANTS
ISO FIFTH STREET
Opp. !lcler & Frank,
l'bone Mala 731.1.
PORTLAND, OREGON.
25c to $2
GARDEN STICKS
3 ft, to 6 ft.
50c to $1
$3 to $5
20c to 50c SV