The Sunday Oregonian., January 24, 1909, Section Six, Page 4, Image 50

TIIE SUNDAY OREGOXIAX, PORTLAND. -TAXTJARY 24, 1909
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BY JOHN S. II A R WOOD.
I'ROPK Is rvganS'd by ?ome Ameri
cana aa too 5ffp a ladder for the
man of liunible orieln. Itx aortal
atmrnir is thought to b piled so hiRh
componfd of go many strata of birth, priv
!lric. prejudice ami tradition that he who
ra.-i only his own self to aid him cannot
rear h the top.
Yet despit? tlieae supp"wlly insuperable
barriers to lowly ambition, many of the
men who are making Kuropf-an history
today arose from the ranks. Not only
do various political ptats furnisli Illus
trious examples, but the Roman Catholic
Cl.urcli. most monarchical of all In many
respects, exemplifies this same democratic
truTh. The father of the Pope was a
postman.
Iances President as well as her only
Jiving ex-President were peasant born,
t'lement Amiand Falll-res. who. as Chief
ixecutive, of the Republic, has prreatly
utren'Tthened her Klitiial prestige by dip
lomatic alliances with Kngland and Rus
sia. Is the grandson of a blacksmith.
IJmlle Ioubet, the first President of
France to serve out his full term, was
born on a farm, and even when President
found his chief recreation from the affairs
of state in caring for the poultry milking
the cos and mixing bread at the rural
. home of his mother.
When a boy the present Chief Executive
!f ."ranee was regarded as a failure. Tim
cider Faliieres considered himself tut
somewhat . of a social advance over the
preceding generation, having risen from
toe blucksmithhop of his fatter to tiie
profusion of a surveyor, and at one time
holding the. office of secretary to a Jus
tice of the Peace at Mezun. Oascony. He
at first believed his son would not amount
to as much as live horseshoeing grand
father. H was his father's desire that Armand
should enter politics by way of the. law.
H became dlhhoartened enough when the
teachers of every school to which he
srnt the lad reported that their pupil
eouM not learn much because he, was too
lazy. In 1X'J. however, at the ago of
3. young KHllieres took his degree of
bachelor of letters at Angoulcme. Having
gone to Paris to study law the following
year, he again aroused parental disap
probation by devoting more time to the
gay life of the capital than his law books.
.So he was sent to Toulouse.
Tiiis "young man from the provinces,"
who. like the leading character of Bal
sam's novel by the same name, went to
Paris from Angoulcme, nevertheless re
mained In the rmrry metropolis long
enough to nieet Mile. Resfion, an event
nr.irh proved by f.r the most Important
In his whole life. From that time on he
beg.in to develop ambition, a quality
which before had lain apparently dor
mant. At Toulouse he studied mith a new
- X"M. and managed to pass his examina
tions. That his conversion to a more serious
life, however, was superficial was shown
by the nonchalant fa-shlon In which he
choee the attorney under whom he was
to begin the practice of law. He took a
lisY of lawyers, shut his eyes, and stuck
a pin into the paper. There.'- said he.
'the man I've punctured Is .tiie man for
rue.'" Falllerea only remained In the of
fice of this lawyer a few months, when he
vent to Nerac. and hung out a shingle of
bis own.
As a matter of fact, the very habits of
the son to which the father moat strongly
objected were to a certain extent Inherited
from his father. He had his father's love
of the good things of life without the am
bition of the elder Faliieres. His sire
was a man of strong character, of huge
site, a bon vlvant. an immense enter, and
very fond of the society of young people.
Mile. Resson also lived at Nerac. She
was regarded by the beaux of the town
as a great "catch." H"r grandfather's love
been an attorney, and she carried wnn
her not only a handsome dot. but also
her grandfather's law practice. Nerac was
surprised when she niHrried young Fal
iieres. It was sal. I .she had thrown her
life away. Her husband was spoken of
as dull, lethargic, fat. with neither ances
try nor those brilliant personal traits that
make for social advancement.
M me. Faliieres was wiser than the gos--p.
She saw In the prosy young lawyer
an opportunity which few women of the
!av have had. 5he first brought him her
grandfather's law practice, and thereby
laid the foundation of his present small
fortune. Herself a friend of th" aris
tocracy, fhe was able to Introduce her
husband to men and women who proved
of great political assistance. Nor was he
found to be as dull as lirst supposed. Al
though not brilliant, he won wide re
sp. t because of his unusual common
sense, his sound political Judgment, and
withal, his Inveterate good humor. He
came to be called the "Sunny-Faced Gas
con." Enrly in his career Faliieres became
a stanch Republican. After serving Ne
rac as Mayor in lT1".. he "-was elected a
lieputv. Four years afterward he became
I nder Secretary of State at the Home
OfhVe: later Minister of the Interior, of
Public Instruction and of Justice. Kight
times he was re-ejected, to the Presi
dency of the Senate.
It "was when her husband was chosen
to this offle that Mm'. Falliere showed
fcer real strength. She made their resi
dence in the Palace of the Luxembourg
a brilliant anion, surrounded her hus
band with friends who would be useful
a well as congenial, and kept aloof those
whom she believed would have upon him
a wrongful influence.
No part of France Is so dear to Fal
iieres as is the r'se where he was born.
In Gascony. When the little cabin of
his grandfather was about to be torn
down. Faliieres bought it and set It up
brick for brick, stone for stone. In a
more favorable site. In peasant garb
the President spends much of his spare
time at his country home. He delicts In
fooling strangeTS bo find him working
In his vineyard Into believing that he li
r c.. too . ladr for th. . M t ' ' V? ! , " 4 iTr ZJT '
only a farm band. Parisians Jokingly
say that he brings his country clothes to
the capital. They still recall his first re
ception to the Ministers after he became
President, when he appeared in a light
blue Jacket and the same stylo of but
terfly necktie as he had worn for the
past 30 years.
IJko I-ouLs Philippe, the President of
France is fond of his umbrella, and car
ries It always, rain or shine. Once on
meeting King Edward, who was dressed
In full war regalia, the Rrltlsh monarrh
congratulated the stocky French execu
tive on being able to wear ordinary cltl-
xen's clothes.
"I. too. am glad." said Faliieres. "I
prefer my umbella to the finest sword In
Europe."
Kniilo Iioutiot, Farmer's Boy.
Had the mother of Emllc IVmbct had
her way he would have become a musi
cian Instead of President of France. At
an early ago the boy showed special apti
tudo for music. Ry the time he was 11
he had composed a march and some
hymns and was taking lessons of the or
ganist of tho Cathedral of Valence. P.ut
the father at last said: "My boy, a mu
sician U not the man which France
needs most today. I want you to bo a
lawyer and serve the state."
Although the boy himself would have
been content to have remained on his
father's farm. Ia Terrasse. In Marsanne.
he tok up the career of his father's
choice, little dreaming whither It would
lead. He obtained an education at
Montelimar. working on the farm during
vacations, like many an American now
In the public eye has done. Before he
left Montelimar he marrired the daughter
of a prosperous iron master, a home
loving woman, who nevertheless proved
a talented hostess In after years at the
EJysee Palace.
Having once devoted his whole atten
tion to law. Ioubet soon showed his
worth. In 1S7S. when "S years old. he
was elected to the Chamber of Deputies,
and In 1SS5 to tho Senate. He became
still more a national figure two years
later, when appointed Minister of Pub
lic Works, and later Minister of the In
terior In the Tirard Cabinet. He was
made Prime Minister In 1SPI and. seven
years later, upon the strange and sud
den death of Kaure. President of France.
Even on his attainment to the Presi
dency Loubet preserved the simple man
ners of his youth. When needing a rest
from the worries of government he was
wont to steal away from Paris to the
little old farm house on the road to
CROW'S rRINCES OF GERMANY IS LOVER OF OCT-DOOR SPORTS.
NEW YORK. Jan. 2J. (Special.) This Is the Crown Princess of Germany
on the way to the htnt. She is a great lover of out-of-door sports as is her'
husband.
Montelimar, where his mother still
worked as a farmer's wife. Here he
would spend days at a time, like the true
son of a peamnt woman, and neighbors
still tell stories of how he went around
with his sleeves rolled up, singing as he
worked. The peasants always called
him "en brave Emile. He never ' has
forgotton one of his old friends.
When not living in a small apartment
in the Rue Dante, Paris. Lioubet now
spends his time at a chateau built near
his birthplace. Neither tho ex-i -resident.
who Is 61 years old. nor his wife is fond
of society, although they enjoy the
friendship of many European monarehs,
who always visit them when In France,
lln still Is a hard worker and a great
reader. Every morning ho takes a brisk
walk before breakfast. He is fond of
boxing and hunting; but he says he never
enjoyed the official hunts, when as Presi
dent he was surrounded by a lot of
toadying attendants, as much as his soll
turv walks nowadays through tho forest
with mm and dog.
An Illustration of Us democratic mind
was afforded the servants of the Elysee
Palace soon after lioubet became Its mas
ter. Then he told all the functionaries
that he proposed to start for them a
bank. He promised he would do the best
he could with all tho money given to ms
keeping. At the end of Ijoubet's Presi
dential term, each servant depositor found
his earnings had doubled. In their thank
fulness, the palace employes drew up
resolutions on parchment, which they in
tended to Incase In a gorgeous frame, a
testimonial to be presented to the Presi
dent On hearing of the plan, Loubet
called a servant aside land said:
"That frame will offset all my bank
ing. My whole purpose was economy. I
prefer the resolutions without expense."
The Simple Life of Pope Pins X.
Simple ,were tho beginnings of Pope
Pius X. and simply did he live until In
1903. he was elected to the Vatican and Its
$5,ft).000 wardrobe. One of his earliest
duties was tending a donkey. After his
long day at school, little Gluseppo used
to take the beast out Into the road to
browse the grajs along its edge for sup
per. Meantime the boy devoured mental
pabulum. Holding the donkey's rope with
one hand, in the o'uher he turned tho
leaves of his Caesar or Herodotus, or a
book of mathematics, and thus in the
4:
is V
1 fading twilight he prepared his lessons
for the next day.
It was no easy matter to make both
ends meet In the Sarto family. The father
earned only a few lira a week, as a
"cursore." or postman. There were sev
eral children beside Giuseppe. At first
it seemed Inevitable that, he should work
out and help support tho family. And so
he might have done had it not been for
a priest, Don Tito Fusarini, in the little
parish church of Riese, where the boy
was born, Giuseppe acted as altar boy
and bore himself with such dignity and
showed such a serious mind for his years
that Don Tito obtained the father's per
mission to allow his son to become e
priest.
In ISiS, when he was 23 years old, the
future head of the church was ordained
as a parish priest. For 15 years he worked
faithfully and obscurely. He Is said to
have shunned every opportunity of pro
motion. After he was made Chancellor
of Treviso. and later Vicar of the Chapter
of the Canons of the Cathedral there,
he one morning met the Bishop, Mgr.
Apollonlo, who asked:
"Do you know who is to be successor
to Bishop B?rengo of Mantua?"
"No," answered Sarto.
"Then come with me." said the Bishop,
and taking the priest into his private
oratory he asked him to kneel and placed
In his hands the papers of nomination to
Bishopric of Mantua. It is said that Sarto
almost fainted.
The future Pope showed his love for
the scenes of his humble childhood In i
striking way when Cardinal and Patri
arch of Venice. With the little more
money at his command he repaired and
refurnished the old home at Riese, so
that if he should die first, his sisters
would have a roof for their old age.
It has been said that Pope Pius X wept
when he first donned the white pontifical
robes. He had not wanted to be made
Pope, and had worked against his elec
tion. But having been lifted into the
Vatican, he sought to carry with him
the simplicity of his past life. There is
a rule that the Pope must not wear a
watch, but Pius X alwaj's carried with
htm. an old nickel Waterbury. He has
refused " to exchange it for some of the
most richly bejeweled watches in Europe.
"I cherish my Waterbury above all other
timepieces," he once said, "because I held
It in my hand as I watched my dear
mother's life ebb away."
Dounia Leader in Dire Poverty.
As the result of the growth of liberal-
Ism In Russia, many sons of the soil
have risen to places of high honor de
spite the terrors of prison and exile.
Alexis Aladyln, who became prominent
as a leader in the first Douma, was born
peasant, of parents poor to the point
of misery.
Aladyin early evidenced an ambition to
better the social conditions of the Rus
sian people. He first thought that as a
physician he could do the most good. Ry
workiMg In the fields, he obtained funds
for entering the University of Kazan."
from which he was expelled a few months
later for "talking politics too much."
After a struggle he succeeded in being
re-admitted and finished his first year
In medicine.
Kazan is on the edge of the famine
belt, and the scenes of misery he saw
about him caused him to attack the gov
ernmental authorities in language which
the professors pronounced as anarchistic.
He finally was expelled for good, an
event which Aladyin eventually came to
regard as most fortunate, because It
started him on the career of a political
leader.
Leaving the university, he went into
the outskirts of the town and organized
trade unions. His arrest followed. On
obtaining ball he learned that his sen
tence might be four years of solitary
confinement, in addition to eight years of
exile among the icicles of Archangel, with
only 4 cents a day for food. 9o he
jumped his bail and escaped to Germany.
Aladyin might have become an Ameri
can had not a former employer in Bel
glum just at that time offered to him a
job in an electrical plant. While work
ing as a dockhand In London he learned
the principles of English Socialism.
Later he became a Journalist, a teacher
of Russian, a lecturer and a doctor.
When the Czar In 1906 issued a mani
festo to political prisoners, Aladyin was
one of the first to return to Russia. As
h. leader of workingmcn he was elected i
to the first Douma, where ha attacked
v it I: I I s I -V.
the government so bitterly that he was
prevented from being renominated. He
khvs tlnit secret police are constantly on
his track. But he has always managed
to outwit them.
Once he and his wife were returning to
Russia by way of Helsingfors, capital of
Finland- There thev heard of the Svea
borg mutiny, and Aladvln discovered that
he was surrounded hv Russian spies. Ho
sent his wife to Stockholm and accom
panied by a young woman Socialist who
had consented to act the part, ho took a
way train for Stockholm. The young
woman was dressed in the best finery
and carried a big bouquet of flowers,
Everybody mistook the couple for bride
and groom.
August Bebel, who has become a power
in the Reichstag as the champion of So
cialism, once tramped through. Germany
as a journeyman turner. Although his op-
Dortunltles of obtaining wealth have in
creased, he asserts that he still is poor.
Bequests made him by admirers he has
turned over to the Socialist party. He
lives simply, almost meanly, in a little
flat, where his wife does "ho cooking and
housework. His chief articles of diet are
black bread and beer. The walls are
hung with cheap chromos and prints of
Socialistic leaders. On nis worK taoio
are no books, for he says he gets Ills
ideas from life. Bebel is said to bo able
to influence the votes of 3.000,000 men..
English Leaders Risen From the
Ranks.
The present-dy leaders of English
workingmen. who have obtained many a
victory for their cause in Parliamentary
debate, all rose from the ranks. John
Burns, William Crooks and Keir Hardie
are men of this type.
As a candlemaker. Burns began earn
lng his living at 10. His father was t
workingman, and the family lived 'in
mean circumstances In Battersea. Today
John Bums is known as the "uncrowned
king of Battersea." Though Burns never
drank, he worked for a time as a pot
bov. and later as a messenger he was
able to make a dollar a week. When
working as a mechanical engineer he
once was summarily discharged for
taking evening trips into the country to
harangue workingmen on the principles
of Socialism.
Burns has had many conflicts with the
authorities. Once he was arrested for
speaking on Clapham Common. To the
officer who threatened him Burns said:
When I was a boy 1 used to play cricket
and football here, and now 1 intend td
give my political opinions." Burns went
to jail, but was acquitted.
After his life as an engineer In Africa,
where at nlglit lie read such books as
Adam Smith's "Wealth of Nations." and
after a tour of Europe, during which he
spent all his money "to study art and
poverty." he again ran foul of the Eng
lish police. After on unsuccessful cam
paign for a scat In Parliament in 1885,
when Carnegie helped pay some of his
expenses, he was arrestee ior inciting
riots in which JAOuO wortn ot property
was destroyed. When he offered to "dy
namite, Balfour to heaven" he again was
put behind bars. Because of his partici
pation In the Trafalgar Square riots he
was sent to prison ior mree monins, an
experience which, he says, added vastly
to his education.
Burns' power over the workmen was
realized by the British authorities at the
time of the famous dockers striRc, wnen
200.000 men obeyed him with an absolute
loyalty. From first to last he warned
them against violence, and tnere was
rone. As member of the London County
Council he put through many memorable
reforms, as. for example, developing
Battersea an a mod-1 residential quarter
for workmen, establishing an eight-hour
day in all public works, and instituting
Darks and clean streets, in issia Burns
went to Parliament from Battersea.
By some of the laborites Burns is ac
cused of having turned traitor to their
cause. By Victor Grayson he has been
changed with having sold out for 2000
pieces of gold, referring to his salary as
president of the Board of Works. Mr.
Burns elicited this diatribe by influenc
ing Premier Asquith and the Cabinet to
oppose lavish relief for the unemployed.
But Burns says too much governmental
aid for the idle destroys self-respect and
Increases pauperization. He explains
that he is more conservative than form
erly because be has learned that he can
IB - ' ' - '-1
do more for labor by working with the
government .than apainst it.
"Keir Hardie. the Scotchman, who went
to Parliament in a flannel shirt, and wno
differs from Burns in working for re
forms through the fjibor' party, of which
ho Is chairman, instead of the Liberal
party, lived from his ninth to the L':iil
year practically underground. Tho fam
ily was poverty stricken. His father was
a ship carpenter and away from home
most of the time. So the boy had to go
to work in the mines.
Realizing that education might get him
above ground, he learned to read by the
light of his pit lamp. His mother had
taught him the alphabet, and. he used to
borrow books from every one he knew.
He learned shorthand by blackening a
part of the walls of the pit with his lamp,
and there tracing tho characters again
and again until he knew them. His
knowledge of stenography aided him in
obtaining the secretaryship of tho Miners
Union. As no salary , was attached to
this position he tried' writing for the
papers, and soon won the position of a
sub-editor on a local newspaper.
Hardie. constantly Is shocking conser
vative England. Since going to Parlia
ment In 1832 ho has attacked the gov
ernment In ways that have been de
nounced by the Iondon Times as "crim
inal." The Times was wrought up es
pecially by the speeches of Hardie to
the British subjects in India. In which
he said he would do his best to help
India become self-governing, like Can
ada. The King is said to have regarded
Hardie's harangues in India as seditious,
and as having helped Incite revolutionary
FASHIONABLE PALMIST POSES
AS COI'N'T AMI SVVINDIJvS
WOMEN IN 1'ARIS.
Cheiro.
NEW TORK. Jan. 23. (Spe
cial.) Cheiro who has just been
charged with swindling two Ameri
can women out of some stocks while
posing as a "Count" in Parts, is
well known in New York, where for
several years he was a fashionablo
"palmist." He went to London to
follow the same trade and there was
driven out by tho law, palmistry
and other branches o fortune-telling
being forbidden In the English
Capital." He thereupon became a
"Count" in Paris, bought the
"American Register" there and ra.i
a banking business which was of the
nature of o bucket-shop.
, t
x it
i
It : ' - til
;p .-St'
. . , '; j
f j riii-.-'iyiv-to&T' - - i a 'if-ftiavrnvfTriTa-fc i iwi 4
outbreaks there. Hardie is not !nvifr6
along with the other members of Parlia
ment to the King's garden parties.
From a blacksmith's shop William
Crooks, one of Ihirilie's colleagues in the
Jabor party, worked his way up to Par
liament. When a mere child ho and the
other six children of tho family worn
forced to become bread winners by th
death of their father They became so
destitute that thn Board of Guardians
ordered the family into the workhouse.
In 1S08. after Ci-onks had risen In the
world, he was made the chairman of the
governing board of this very same work
house. In the blacksmith's shop Crooks ob
tained his muscular pliysiuuc. Later, he,
learned the trade of a cooper, at which
he has worked most of his life. Shortly
after his marriage ho was out of em
ployment for IS months, tramping tho
streets almost barefoot. At this time, his
only child died.
Crooks first became a public figure In
1SW. when he -.vas 40 years old. on being
made a member of tho London r'ounty
Council. He became Mayor of Poplar in
1901. All this time he worked as a cooper
and his wife scrubbed floors and did her
own cooking. He succeeded Lord Charles
Beresford from the Conservative district
of Woolwich In 13. Ho made his light
on a platform advocating woman's suf
rage, a Minister of Industry in the Cabi
net, organized work for the unemployed
and housing ot the poor. His struggles
have not embittered his disposition. His
speeches often are brilliant for their wit.
Carnegie always tries to hear him speak
when in London during the Parliamentary
session.
Crooks once was asked how he liked
the coronation of King Edward, and re
plied: "It was too bad that tho King did not
auirtion off all thosn dress goods that tho
nobility wore. Tho money would have
furnished free breakfasts. I don t know
how many weeks, for all England."
"The F.iiKlish" O-arnejrlo Regan as)
a CarjicnU'r.
John Passmore Edwards, whose philan
thropies have won him the iianui of "The
Bnglish Carnegie," began life as the son
of a Cornish carpenter. He was born
in 1S23. Tho family was so poor that the
only current literature he could afford
was the Penny Magazine, from which
the boy received most of his early edu
cation. When 23 he went to London
with only a few shillings. Ho entered
Journalism, saved up his money, and
started tho Public tiod. which grew
and prospered. Then Edwards branched
out, founded three other papers and
failed, paying only five shillings on the
pound.
Nothing daunted, he started the Eng
lish Mechanic and Building News, paid
all his old debts and amassed a fortune.
In 1S7G ho bought the Echo, and ever
since has been foremost among British
civic reformers. Like Carnegie he had
advocated peace and libraries, of whten
he has founded 25. He has given more
than S0.000 books to various institutions.
Twice he dsclined the honor of knight
hood. He Is an admirer of Crooks and
offered to dWray bis expenses in Parlia
ment. Crooks declined.
Then there is Sir Thomas Lipton. Tou
Yiavn lia-irA nf hitn ti nrl lllA CtrtPtf Of
I 1.1c f',ct Into tha renlm of m lilt t-Tllilllon-
airedom? tCopy right. 199. by the Mc
Clure Newspaper Syndicate.
To Remember.
Indianapolis New.
Jut remember in life's came
If you woutd escape dlirrace
And would win a decent name.
Do not trump your partner's ace.
Also bear In mind. If you
Would not bear the name of chump.
When in doubt what's best to do.
Lead a trump.
I