waives j- : - .. - .- -:. a -ow. -mji- imm -JC5r- "e'V'v
IX V
A
QtrBSTTIOX mark will soon go into
th chair of Boot. Hay. Bayard
B'.alne. geirard and "Webster.
Tbil ! Bald In no criUciem of Philander
C. Knox, picked by President-elect Taft
to b hla Secretary of State, for the abil
ity of tho new Incumbent of a great of
fle la admitted, and bla patriotism has
bn establiahed by the great ervlcea he
ha already rendered the country.
Still bo la a question mark, for surely
no man of greater contradictions waa
vr called on to serve the Nation tn the
office which ranks only behind those of
tha President and the Speaker of the
House la Its sower.
Mr. Knox is by nature and disposition
a conservative, yet in his achievements
as Attorney-General, he proved himself In
the results ha accomplished far mor rad
ical than any man who has erer held the
post.
Originally ha sained his great fame as
a lawyer while serving- in a legal capacity
corporations lUte the Carnegie Steel Com
pany. Tet he was the first prosecutor of
the United States to show that there was
vitality In the 9hennan Aiiti-Triift Law,
and hla treat victory over John.G. John
son In the Northern Securities case ranks
as the areateat legal victory of the rad
ical Roosevelt administration.
Mr. Knox ia accounted by his neighbors
an aristocrat, yet his passion for Jiwtlc
is so great that he took up the case of a
friendless boy who had been chested by
a corporation, and by throwing Into his !
case all tho power of his great legal mind,
ho forctd the corporation to make redress
to the extent of JS""- For this service he
never received one dollar, and the boy
f.r whom it was performed Is a negro.
Moot profound of students who has
delved more deeply Into constitutional
law perhaps than any living American,
Mr. Knox haa also ambitions in a sport
Ins direction, for he has a psir of the
fastest liores to be found in the United j
Slates, and with them is anxious to break
tl-r trotting record for gentleman drivers.
Most unostentatious in hi manner, Mr.
Knox nevertheless goes to the very ex
treme In the likxury of his homes. Ho
ha tt'ree. ono In Washington, one in
FiUsburs and one In Valley Forge, where
his love for history ia ever cajoled by the
surroundings marked by such great deeds
at the time of tho Revolution.
And finally conies an Interesting con
tradiction in his personal appearance.
In stature. Mr. Knox is perhaps the
shortest man who ever held the office
of Secretary- of State. He Is only five
feet four inches tall, which Is the
height credited to Napoleon Bonaparte,
yet be ha a head bigger perhaps than
any of hla predecessors save possibly
Daniel "Webster, whom historians credit
with having had a most unusual cra
nium. This Is the many-sided man who will
b at the elbow of the President of the
United States during the next four years.
And the marvel of the contradictions
that greet the investigator at a hasty
glance Into his life is Increased when
a closer examination Is made Into his
career.
He has come into the highest honors,
politics has favored him. and yet he
never was a politician. The whole
bent of his mind drew htm away from
the pettiness of political life. He comes
from Pennsylvania, ruled for half a
century by the Cameron, Quay and
Penrose dynasty, which to put It mild
ly bas never represented the kind of
environment to . tempt the high class
man Into association. Yet his mental
powers compelled this very ring to rec
ognize him.
Mr. Knox bad been practicing for ZS
years before he received an Invitation
from President McKinley Jo come into
the CaUioat.
In tnat time hla practice had not been
of a kind to bring him Into popular at
tention. In the main he had done oorparation
work, and though his fees were perhaps
as large as those of almost any lawyer
In the country, he was loss known than
d.-Mcns of minor lights who came into i
the limelight because of their connection
with criminal eases.
Murmurs came f a case in which a
boy. having been badly hurt in an ex
plosion of natural gas, was hurried off
to a hospital. Agents for the respon
sible corporation cheated the helpless
ounsster Into an outrageous settlement.
Then Knox, lawyer for many corpora
tions, rove in his wrath and smote this
one. and just from his sense of right
compelled a proper settlement on the
victim of the accident. t
But en this commendable action did
not elicit any acclaim. Mr. Knox i not
a man t publ'sh Vs charity far and
wide, and h!a somewhat cold, restrained
J exterior did not timulite newspaper
writers to make a hero of him.
Hence when he went Into the McKin
ley Cabinet he was virtually unknown
to the country at large, and many per
sons, mistaking the meaning of his per
fectly legitimate regulations with trusts,
feared that his selection meant immunity
for the criminals of wealth.
But Knok disabused this notion with
most admirable speed.
The high water mark on his public
service was performed In 1?03, when he
conducted the legal proceedings that
dissolved the Northern Securities Com
pany and blocked the Wall street plan
for combining all the railways of the
country into one great trust.
Then the Nation began to sit up and
take notice. Mr. Knox wasn't much of
a poseur, but he was a doer.
The next greatest thing he did for the
public, one that Is not so generally
known, was to write the report for the
Frick committee of Equitable Life As
surance Society directors that was the
first official exposure of corruption In the
Equitable.
Then he drafted the Elkans law, which
stopped railroad rebates.
Senator Quay, of Pennsylvania, died.
The Republican party of the Keystone
State, assailed by a growing reform move
ment, did not dare pick out a man of tts
kind, so Mr. Knox still maintaining his
law of contrasts, was elected to the
Senate as the junior Senator from
Pennsylvania by men who probably
would not have considered him In days
when machine supremacy was less In
danger.
In the Senate. Mr. Knox has main
tained bis record of performances, and
will go Into the Cabinet with a record
unmarred by a single blunder, and with
a career free of the least taint of sel
fishness or solf-seeking.
Mr. Knox's neighbors In Valley Forge
say that the new Secretary Is not always
i as sociable as he might be, that he does
not always stop and pass the time of day,
and yet it is a fact admitted that if the
rights of tho humblest of these neigh
bme were to be Imperilled, no man would
fight harder or longer before the courts
of the Nation to obtain justice for them
than this quiet, self-contained lawyer.
Even as a corporation lawyer. Mr. Knox
picked his clients. It Is little short of
astonishing that In his career In Pennsyl
vania be never took a retainer from either
the Pennsylvania Railroad or the Stan
dard Oil Company, the two richest cor
porations in the state, and from whom
PEIZE CATS ON EXHIBITOR
CAT
5 "1 T si
iiV-l v .iie-.-. WrXix;:,:X-i:;
;W TORK. Jan. - (Special.) In the concert hall of the Madison-square
Garden the Atlantic Cat Club heM Its seventh annual show this week. Mrs.
J. C. Mitchelson's imported short-haired silver tabby has won many first
prizes. I la name is "The Bujainar Silver." Mrs. Champion's "Argent Glori
ous" has won two firot prizes and. seven special prizes. Both these cats were
shown at the Gardeo In this exhibition.
THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAX, PORTLAND, JANUARY 10, 1909.
nearly every rich lawyer of note
profited.
He is bitter against over-capitalization,
he thinks that the encroachments of dis
honest combinations on legitimate trade
should be stopped, but on the contrary, he
is Just as Insistent that no corrective
laws should.be permitted to interfere with
proper enterprises.
This curious combination of radicalism
and conservatism, which gets its perfect
equipoise from a logic crystal clear, and
a most perfect grounding In the law. Is
said to have been the trait that com
mended him to Mr. Taft. who believes
It to be good policy now In tho present
somewhat unsettled condition, of busi
ness to let it be known that while in
his administration wealth will not be
allowed to take any unjust advantages.
no spirit of demagogery will be per
mitted to make a target of men and en
terprises of worth merely because they
have been successful.
Mr. Knox is now 55 years old. He
was born In Brownsville, Pa., his father,
David S. Knox, being a bank cashier of
moderate means. Mrs. Knox, the new
Secretary'a wife. Is very fond of social
life, and will be a big- figure in the
cabinet group. There are a married
son and a married daughter, as well as
Phil Knox, youngest son of the family.
The Matter at sir,.
CMrago Recerd-Hrald.
Taller buildings, greater store iarganess
la the atyla;
"Biggest locomotivs yet," every little while:
'Tls the day of -greater things, deep or
wide or tall:
Edges of my lady'a hat iprcad from wall
to wall.
Life insurance toi ara rice half way to tha
stars;
Staampihlps half a milt In length; longer
trolteycars;
Fortunes swollen to a alxa ne'er dreamed
of befora;
Erary year tha cannon's range lengthens
more and more.
Longer, stronger, heavier everything
grown:
Excellence depends. It sema. on the slza
alone;
Tet tha toot old stork adheres
ancient way
Eight-pound bahlea are In style,
Caesar's day.
That Nocm Lanch.
LrOUio'HIe Courier-Journal.
The hffh school flrln with thfir gloisy curls
And chk ot dainty pink.
As they mlnc along In a laughing; throng.
Look mighty nloe, I think.
But I'd like to know how cheeks can glow
Like rosebud In a bunch
On tha dally fare of a male eclair
Or a macaroon for lunch.
AT THE ANNUAL NEW YORK
SHOW.
mi ' I
I (WvrrV SIDED CMARACTER,OP TME PENNS"YLVAN)AIN I
yCMOffEfN TO BE THB MEAD OP TAPT5 CABINET -
IV MAN IN VMERIC. ;
11. -a - ts - ;-; v' vs?'- K' .. J
K -.,:XXV X"? - n
y ' " - " "1 Ii crease in expense and without delay,
I Vvj; .? . f A .;' X i r.-'- tev - ":.is I la great step forward In journalism.
-' f ? X ' ' f &
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a, , j J , M" ' .. ... is- r. t,, .ii. , ,.a-..J.jj
Smithsonian's Annual Report
Notes Wonders of Progress
Steam Turbine, Typesetting Machinery, Wiroless Telegraphy and Salton
Sea All Come in for Comment.
ASHTXGTON. Jan. 2. (Special.)
The nnnual report of the
Board of Regents of the Smith
sonian Institution for 1907, transmit
ting to Congrrcss, as required by law. a
statement of the operations, expendi
tures and condition of the Inntltutlon
and Its branches for the year, has just
been Issued.
The Steam Turbine.
The Steam Turbine on Land and
Sea," Is the subject discussed by
Charles A. Parsons, who calls' attention
to the recent wide adoption of the tur
bine principle for the generation of
electricity, for the propulsion of ves
sels, and for driving air-compressors.
fans, and pumps. In 1900 the:e were
only 75.000 horsepower of turbines on
land and 25,000 on sea; In 1906, there
were 3! turbine steamers afloat; and
last April, different countries of the
world had just built or were building:,
turbines as follows: United States,
1 scout, S mercantile vessels, 'and 5
torpedo-boat destroyers: Japan. 3 large
liners, 4 passenger vessels, 1 dispatch
boat: France. 6 large battleships and 3
destroyers; Germany, 2 cruisers and
several destroyers; Italy, a cruiser;
Austria, a cruiser; and Brazil, 2 scouts.
Negotiations were pending for 4 large
battleships for Russia. On land, in al
most every country, the new construc
tion of large electric generating units
were nearly all turbine-driven.
Printing Improvements.
In "The Development of Mechanical
Composition in Printing." Professor A.
Turpain, of the University of Pol
tiers, France, describes the various
steps taken to aid tho printer in set
ting up his type. These steps began
with the introduction in 1776 of combi
nations of letters known as logotypes.
They went through the various forms
of composing or arranging loose type
and later of casting single letters and
solid lines.
developed little by little, they have
finally culminated In the remarkably
efficient machine called the clectro
typograph. and its cousin, the teletypo
graph. by the combination of which not
. i inn iiiiihiiihiimiiiwimiifhiwiiiwii inmiiiiniiiiri "rrr
- -4 "A 4 SL - ' H
only is the highest mechanical skill ob
tained, but perforated bands, which, be
ing run through a casting machine, au
tomatically form type, may be repro
duced directly by telegraph at any com
mercial distance. Thus at the present
day a newspaper article telegraphed
from New York, or Si. Louis, or San
Francisco, in this form can be received
on perforated strips ready for the cast
ing machine In various distant cities,
and it is possible for large newspapers
to have country editions without In-
S 1
J if.- - '."WV
i
... ... '1 . - l'
- - v t
PRESIDENT-ELECT TAF'T'S VHTER UARTER8 AT AUGUSTA, CIA.
AUGUSTA. Ga.. Jan. 2. (Special.) President-Elect Taft and family
moved into the Terrett cottage at Augusta recently. This cottage is
in the rear of a hotel where the Taft family will get their meals'. Mr.
Taft will probably spend the entire Winter In Augusta.
Wall : ii nawil
Wlreless Telegraphy.
Professor J. A. Fleming, of the Uni
versity of London, contributes a sum
mary of, advances In wireless teleg
raphy which have made possible the
publishing on board great ocean liners
mid-ocean small daily newspapers
containing the latest news of the day
from the two continents. Certain fun
damental'prlnclples. underlying elec
tric wave transmission, are explained,
and the results of experiments of Mr.
Marconi and Professor F. Braum, of
Strassburg, in what is called directive
telegraphy are outlined.
As to the latter he says: "It will be
seen, therefore, that popular notions
on the subject of directive telegraphy
are wide of the mark. Whilst we can
not yet project a narrow beam of long
wave electric radiation, or focus It en
tirely on a given receiving station, at
a great distance, much can be done to
prevent radiation being sent out from
transmitters In directions in which It
Is of no use or not desired."
To produce directly photographs in
color, the ablest photographic chemists
have experimented for nearly a hundred
years, but not until 1S91-92 were the
first permanent direct photographs in
color made. During the year covered
by the report, however, two additional
processes were announced, the auto-
chrome process by Messrs. A. and L.
Lumlere. and the Warner-Powrte pro
cess, both of which have given beauti
ful results which can be obtained at i
cost to make them of practical every
day value. The development of the art
and an explanation of the new pro
cesses are contributed by T. TV. Smlllie,
of the United States National Museum
' Inside the Earth.
Professor J. "W. Gregory, of Eng
land, In a paper on "The Geology of the
Inner Earth, records the latest devci
onments of knowledge in regard to
what Is below the earth's crust. The
Inner earth appears to consist of ma
teria! similar to that found in meteor
ites, dark stony and Iron matter, heavy
and solid. Whether the Interior of our
sphere is fluid or solid or gaseous
makes little difference since under the
Immense pressure within the earth ma
terlals can transmit vibrations and re
sist compressions like a solid; but they
can change their shape as easily as a
fluid. They are fluid just as lead Is
when forced to flow from a hydraulic
press. They are necessarily intensely
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. Jk .4 '.lrll; .' lifl 1
! wnt mv 'ntct:M.f i f
it a l sH , -it
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hot. That there are ores of value to
mankind in these underneath rocks is
now generally admitted.
Truth About Sulton Sea.
The Salton Sea, says V. H. Newell,
Director of the United States Reclama
tion Service, and Its apparent miracu
lous growth has given rise to almost
Innumerable popular discussions, many
of which are founded upon misappre
hension of facts, lue sea Is not a sea
at all but an accumulation of waste
water in the bottom of a depression
200 or more feet below sea level. Rela
tively to a real sea it is a mere puddle
or duck pond in a vast extent of arid
desert which at one time was the floor
for a large body of fresh water. It is
not a new thins', but a revival tu his
toric times of what has probably oc
curred frequently in geologic history.
The widely advertised effect upon the
climate of the expanded Salton Sa, Is
practically negligible. The wonderful
results attributed to the sea In Increas
ing rainfall in the southwestern ftatea
and territories. Is a case of placing
the cart before. the horse; that Is to
say. the apparent increase in rainfall
throughout tne West is more likely to
have been the indirect cause of the
Increase in area tn the Salton Sea. than
the reverse. Mr. NewoII describes
vividly the. break in i.ie dike of the
Colorado River, the knife-like cutting
of the new channel, the organised at
tack on tha water and tho final suc
cessful closing of the break during the
year. The sea may now evaporate at
from five to seven or more feet an
nually, but for many years it will prob
ably be a mark of Interest to the trav
eler, and the inhabitants of the Imperial
Valley must live, as do the people of
Holland, with an eya to- protection
against this enemy of their homes.
Immunity From Consumption.
'Immunity In Tuberculosis" is the
present live topic treated by Dr. Simon
Flexner, of the Rockefeller Institute for
Medical Research, New York. From the
first great steps In th'j discovery of the
tubercle bacillus by Rohert Koch in
1882, experimentation has developed
until at present three distinct kinds are
recognized 'that found In man. in cat
tle, and In birds. Besides this there is
the so-called tubercle bacillus of cold
blooded animals, which, however, is
only dangerous to animals of that class,
such as fishes.
The thr:e main sorts of bacilli are
transferable in more or less degree. It
Is generally believed, from bird to beast
and from beast to man. Against the
probability of infection between man
and beast stands ur. Koch. Experi
ments in inoculating cattle and rab
bits so as to rentier them Immune have
been conducted for several years, and
have met with some degree of success.
Whether these may lead finally to the
practical Inoculation of man, so that,
without too much danger In the 'pro
cess, he may himself l.e made Immune,
remains for the future to disclose.
Tariff In Carina Center.
Arthur. Ciianman In Denver Republican
"We've observed down here In Cartus all thla
tariff Ilxln- lane
How some fellers want It lowered on iteel
rnlls iuiiI liulea anu nimik;
And wa had the other etnln a dee-hata
hnrd to beat
Deuce BMdle havln' ehalienued i lie view
of btandiiat Fete.
They talked till well toward niortiin' about
uc tarirr raiei
Of tacit and Hoaj, and frog' le-, of pupa
fcnd clileKen crateH.
Of Swisa elites,', tin and leather, of culiuod
goods, gljps and fur.
Of aaddlea, chapf. and lit&il g.-u r. of hnrre-
alioa nails and spurs.
Tfcara wasn't harth words spoken until tiia
tandDat a-ent
Remarked Deuce didn't savvy what "ad
lalorem" meant:
And Deuce said "ad valorem" was the In
jun name for borae,
And Ktandpat rave a heehaw, and tha
hoottn' atarta. of course
They hot holes In each o!hr. and they
won t be out tor weeks;
They wounded Bill, the hn-kaep. and his
barroom s full or leans;
And we feel rlsht now tn Cactus that tha
tar ff'a mostly rlRht.
But tha tfltes on shoortn' irons should be
raised clear out et signt.