2
THE SUNDAY OREGOXIAX, PORTLAND, NOVEMBER 13, 1908.
WHAT TMETSTEW
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BT HWARI) SEA TON MARBDEN'.
PUHTI.AND l destined to BO down
in the educational history of the
L'nlied States aa being the second
city In the country to Introduce manual
training Into the public school system
of education. With the establishment of
the Portland School of Trades, which,
of courses is the first time that the
scheme has been tried here this city
lias taken a step considerably In advance
of many Eastern cities that ptida them
selves upon their prugres3iveneG In
matters educational and Industrial. Man
ual training has developed Into a most
potent educational force: and yet many
esaent:all- Industrial centers have failed
In grasp- comprehensively tha wonderful
advantages In training for future me
chanics that are afforded by Institutions
of this character, conducted as a part of
the pub!lc schools ! The Board or Edu
cation of this municipality has placed
wllhin reach of every reasonably Intelli
gent boy of a technical turn of mind, an
opportunity to study and train himself,
at the expense of the commonwealth, to
become a highly skilled mechanic.
riir.adelphta was the first city In the
I'nlnn to Introduce manual training as a
part of the public system of education,
this being Inaugurated two years ago.
On September H the Portland School of
Tra-W'S waa formally opened. Today
this city, with a p-pulatloa more than a
mil'inn ls than Philadelphia, has twice
as rrar.y students in Its 'trnde school
a tVe- Quaker City. Seven days after
tl n opening of the Instltullnu In this
city. Milwaukee sstaMished a school of
a similar character. Philadelphia, Port
land and Milwaukee are at presnnt tha
en'r cl:ic In the Vnlted States that have
tnst.tuiions of this character maintained
a. a port of the public school system.
Ther sre 31 students enrolled at the
Fort'and school. These, esrnest -young
many of whom are graduatea of
tie various grammar sciiools. and even
e' t-. liixh schools, ara pursuing courses
rf Instruction in carpentry, cabfnet-mak-lig.
pat'.era-maklng, molding, electrical
const riwtlon. machine shop practice.'
mechsnlcal and architectural drafting
and plumbing. In addition to the purely
m-1-taniial end. Instruction ia also given
In such academic branchep aa English,
mtttl.eiuatinp. applied physics and elec-trt-tty
and Industrial chemistry. This
work is done under the supervision of
an able faculty composed of Oeorge W.
lUn.Li.m. principal: George H. Buxton,
Instruftor of machine-shop practice;
harlcj A. Mnrlitt. Instructor ui pattern
mklng; Otto P. Guldemeister, Instruc
tor In electricity and drawing: l T.
Newton, instructor of mathematics and
Kngiirh: and P. P. Sullivan, mathemat
ics English and drawing.
These men ar all experts In their re
spective lines. They give to the students
the benefit of their yers of study and
their experience in the Tarloua shops.
They were selected, primarily, for their
aciicail fitness.
KltuiU of Sludont.
I:i speaking of the character of tha
students, Mr. Hamilton, who was for- i
merly Identified with the Philadelphia
school, pays a most flattering compli
ment to the young men of Oregon. He
avers that they are not only more earn
est and hardworking than the Easterners
and that they take their school work
more seriously, but that they manifest a
greater aptitude for tha work. The stu
dents of this school come in from the
suburbs, and yet they are never late in
arriving at the school, which opens at 9
o'clock In the morning, the session con
tinuing until 2:30 o'clock In tha afternoon,
with a half hour for lunch at noon. This
Is Indicative of the Interest taken by
the boys in the work of the school,
w hich Is in striking contrast to the con
duct of the Philadelphia boys, who, ac
cording to Principal Hamilton, are in
variably late, despite the fact that they
all live within reasonable distance of the
school.
The Portland lads arrive at the insti
tution promptly, gat into their overalls,
hustle down to the Instruction shops, and
everlastingly dig. To see them at their
work and study, one is constantly im
pressed with their earnestness and stu
dious application; every faculty Is con
centrated upon the work In hand, and.
apparently, nothing distracts their minds
from the subjects upon which they are
working. ,
The equipment of this school, consid
ering the short time that it haa been in
existence. Is equal to that of the Phila
delphia, school, which was founded two
yeans ago. The machinery Is of the most
modern and approved pattern. The
course of study is thoroughly practical,
covering the theoretical principles un
derlying the work of each trade, and
applying them In the beat manner to
secure the most satisfactory results. At
tention is also given to the consideration
of business practices; the purpose of this
being to give a broader training to the
young men than may be acquired by
them In learning trades Id purely com
mercial establishments.
The many advantage of a trade school
education are legion. When a compar
ison Is made between the methods folr
lowed In a shop and those of a trade
school. It will be clearly seen that the
latter has decided advantages. For ex
ample, a young man enters a shop to
learn his trade: as a rule. In most shops,
be ia required to make himself generally
useful about the place. Neither the pro
prietor nor the workmen bare at their
disposal the time to impart the neces
sary Instruction, with the inevitable re
sult that the apprentice must by ob
servation gather such knowledge aa ha
may. This makes his progress painfully
slow, frequently discourages him, and In
variably give him but a limited under
standing of his trade.
Personal Attention Given.
In the new Portland 8chool of Trades,
which occupies the recently constructed
annex to the Atkinson School, every ef
fort la made to give the student personal
attention and to advanoe him as rapidly
as he can master the details and absorb
the instruction. Naturally, under these
favorable conditions, the young men
make quick headway In their chosen
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work. One distinctive feature of this
school 'is that the young man may quick
ly determine for himself whether he has
aptitude for the trade he has selected,
and If it becomes apparent -that he has
no special fitness for the particular line
he has elected to learn, he may change
to another. This Is something that can
not readily be done In a shop.
In the department of patternmaklng.
for instance, the course of instruction Is
of a very general character. The pupils
are taught the care and use of bench
and lathe tools; the lathe, with Its vari
ous parts and uses. Is thoroughly ex
plained and each detail mastered; the
woods best fitted for the patterns, and
their economical distribution In the work
consistent with the necessary structural
strength. Is carefully taught to the pupils.
A number of exercises are made to en
able the student to become expert In the
use of tools and . to become acquainted
with the principles underlying the con
struction of patterns. Following this,
patterns are made for parts of machines
and engines, such aa pipes, brasses,
brackets and flanges, cylinder heads, pis
tons, cross heads, cylinders, with .the
necessary core boxtos. pumps, pulleys and
dynamos. Demonstrations are given In
the art of molding. This v Is to enable
the student to understand foundry work.
Principal Hamilton says that, while pat
ternmakers . axe not called .upon to do
molding, a know-ledge of this trade Is
necessary to become a skilled workman.
Splendidly Equipped.
The pattern shop has one 36-Inch motor
driven band saw; 16 Oliver motor head
lathes: one Oliver trimmer: one 24x6-Ineh
surfaeer. one Cleveland grindstone, one
revolving oil stone. 16 work benches, fitted
with drawers and rapid-acting vises, one
glue heater and bench for gluemg.
In the machine shop one Is favorably
Impressed with the superior make of the
different machines. This shop contains
1 Prentiss vises, one Brown & Sharp
Universal milling m&chlne. one 16-inch
Gould & Eberhardt shaper,- one 14x6-lnch
American lathe, one Lodge A Shipley
lathe 14x8 Inches, one Prentiss lathe 12x6
Inches, one Ie Blond lathe xS Inches,
one Clark drill press 22 inches, one
Worcester sensitive drill press, one 24x24x6
Cincinnati planer, one power hack saw,
one Garvin motor head speed lathe, sur
face plates, chucks and small tools.
A salient feature of this school is that
all the machines are Individual motor
drive," the direct current being used.
This is furnished by a Westlnghouse
motor generator set, 60 kilowatts being
available at all times. The generator is
compound wound, the three-wire arrange
ment making it possible to use either
230 or 110 volts, for power and lights, re
spectively. The motor generator set is
located In one of the rooms used for
teaching electrical construction. The
switchboard Is installed directly behind
the motor set. and this close proximity
gives the students greater facility for the
studying of the parts and the manage
ment of the machine; also the manipula
tion of the switchboard.
In the department of electrical con
struction thorough Instruction, both theo
retical and practical, is given In the
care and use of tools; low potential work
is treated; use and construction of the
various kinds of batteries, and the pur
pose for which each individual type of
battery Is best adapted; bells, their parts,
wiring, and method of connection; an
nunciators, gas lighting, pendant and au
tomatic burners, cut-outs, relays, burglar
and lire alarms, telephones, connecting
up In series, parallel and multiple. This
work is supplemented by field and arma
ture winding; switchboard construction
and wiring, care of recording instru
ments, generators and motors, and the
running of cables and splicing.
Work in Other Departments.
All the members of the electrical work
ers' course are given certain periods each
week in the machine and woodworking
shops. This Is to make them more skilled
In the construction of the numerous elec
trical appliances. It is the belief of the
faculty that all electrical workers should
have Instruction In those lines. . They
declare that they have no desire to turn
out "screw-driver" electricians.
In the department of mechanical and
architectural drawing exceptionally good
work Is being done by .the students. The
Instructors exercise considerable care in
matters of skill, speed. Judgment, correct
observation and taste. . Effective and
practical methods are taught, and work
manlike habits Inculcated. The-care and
use of the various instruments are taught;
the use of "T" -square and triangle; the
different curves and their uses; tracing
and blue printing, and design and drawing
of constructive work and machinery.
As soon as possible the department
for the Instruction of those that desire
to learn bricklaying will be organized.
The students who enroll In this de
partment will be taught the various
properties of lime, sand and cement:
lime and cement mortar; construction
of nine, 13 and 18-Inch straight walla,
and the many other essentials incident
to masonry.
Mechanics, Xot Theorist.
It will be readily seen that the
courses of study and the methods of
practical instruction are i sufficiently
comprehensive to enable the student to
leave the school at the end of his three
nr four years, not a mere theorist, but
a practical, trained mechanic.
For a long time there was the most
bitter opposition on the part of many J
educators In this country to the in- I
structlon of manual training as a part
of the public school system. They now
concede that it is an educational force
which cannot be kept down, and that
Its maintenance as a part of the public
school system will add materially to its
effectiveness and render it consider
ably more advantageous.
Portland, generally speaking, is In
its Indusrlal Infancy, and it la apparent
the possibilities of a school of this char
acter are Infinite.
Every Sleep a Beauty Sleep
"E:
Russian Royal Family a Mint.
The imperial family of Russia is the
richest royal family in Europe and de
rives Its vast wealth from three sources
the state treasury, the imperial do
mains (formerly church lands) and the
so-called "cabinet properties." The state
treasury pays out $7,000,000 per annum
for the needs of the Imperial house,
principally fpr the maintenance of the
palaces and the officials and servants at
tached to them. The reigning Empress,
for example, has an allowance of $100,000
per year and the dowager Empress the
same. Every child born to the Cxar re
ceives from birth to the age of 21 near
ly $20,000 a year, while the heir to the
throne receives annually, In addition to
the maintenance of palaces, $50,000.
Daughters receive a dowry of 1,000,000
roubles when they marry.
The Keasure of Toil.
J. W. Foley, in New York Times.
It was only a step on a Rummer day
To the creek and the rock where the spring
board lay:
It wns over tha meadows and through th
fence
And half a mil through the woods so
dense.
It was down a valley and up a hill
On a wlndlnic path past the ruined mill.
And you might think It a weary way.
But 'twas only a step on a Summer day.
But, oh. It wasfar down the short corn
row.
Where the wesds grew thick, with a heavy
hoe!
It was only a stop on a Winter night
To the skating pond where the snow lay
white;
It was past tbs common and throutrh the
wood
And over ths hill where the schoolhouae
' stood.
It was oown ths turnpike and through .the
snow
That Lay in drifts in the valleys low.
But the stars shone out and the moon
was bright
It was only a step oa a Winter night.
But, eh. It' was far through the bitter
snows
To the old barn door we were sent to
close!
r-wws URht as a feather, the sack we bore
Of shellbark nuts, that could hold no more.
And each of us staggered beneath Its load,
WhllA often It lay in the dusty road.
Till-we got our breath and we made a vow
To carry It rar as ma aeaa tree . now.
And never was burden so gladly borne,
Nor ever were bearers so little worn.
But.-oh, they were heavy too far to tell.
Ths palls we bore from the near-br well!
New York Sun.
VERY sleep should be a beauty
sleep," said a beauty lecturer,
and it is a woman's own fault
when it is not.
"With most women a night's sleep is
not a beauty restorative. Our patients
come . to ub in the morning all tired out.
They drink coffee at night, whloh keeps
them awake; they play cards, which
makes the nerves too sensitive; they go
to bed hungry, which makes the stomach
uneasy. In the morning they show the
results of their indiscretions of pastime
and diet. That Is why morning is a
woman's worst time from a beauty stand
point. "Every beauty doctor and every mas
seuse will tell you that she has been
called upon at times to give a patient a
beauty rest. Her work Is merely to sug
gest sleep. If the patient is very luxur
ious she will suggest a pillow of roses.
"It takes four dosen American Beauties
to make a pillow. If the smaller roses
are used It takes six dozen.
"The roses have all the stems cut short
and all the thorns and coarse leaves
taken oft. They are then placed upon a
silken pillow and piled up until a soft
mass is formed Just where the patient
restB her head. Upon this cushion all
fresli and sweetly scented she takes her
midday or midafternoon repose.
"But fortunately the beauty sleep does
not depend upon having a pillow of rosea
at $1 a rose. One can get a very good
beauty sleep without spending anything.
The Important point is that all the condi
tions should be favorable to sleep.
"Few women, for instance, know how
Important a thing the arrangement of
light is to the looks. ESi-es will be weak
In the morning, the head will be achy,
and there will be a fine batch of wrinkles
where the forehead should be smooth and
fair: all because the morning sun has
beaten upon the optic nerve.
"A bright light is like a hammer beat
ing upon this nerve, and unless the nerve
gets its certain amount of rest it will
show its bad treatment In wrinkles and a
worn out. good for nothing feeling. '
"Exercise just before you sleep. This
is Important. The cross-country, walker,
the woman who must get out and exer
cise, will not complain of Insomnia, nor
Is she as apt to waken with a tired feel
ing as the woman who has done nothing.
"It is a sure rule that the woman who
goes to bed without taking a certain
amount of fresh air and exercise will
waken much more tired than the woman
who goes to bed with every bone aching.
The tired woman wakes up fresh. The
other woman wakes up tired.
"Drinking something hot before you go
to bed Is a good plan for the woman with
wrinkles. A warm drink will ref resit
every nerve in the body.
As a test of wnetner your sieey uas
been a beauty sleep or not, just note your
feeling when you awane. n you wan-en
with an Idea that all is well with you
and the world, you may be sure that you
have had a beauty sleep. Rise from
your bed and look at yourself In the
glass. Your eyes will have the contented
look of a pretty woman.
"Few women know now to wase up.
Most of them wake up suddenly and with
a start.
" 'How shall I wake up slowlyT asked
a woman of me once upon a time, a tired
out woman, who could not seem to learn
how to sleep a beauty, sleep.
"My answer seemed Irrelevant 'Have
you a Mtten In your family?'
" 'Yes,' said the woman.
" Then take lessons of your kitten.
Note how she wakes up. She gapes, she
stretches her paws, she extends her legs,
she rolls over and she exercises the mi
cles of her back and spine.
'She takes several minutes to wake
up, and ty the time she is thoroughly
awake she feels frisky. Let your kitten
give you lessons in waking slowly from
your beauty sleep.'
"The .woman who wakes "up slowly
and who learns to exercise her muscles
will feel lively as she wakes. She will
have a rested feeling.
"There are women who not only wake
up tired but they wake up cross as well.
To wake up cross spoils at least the first
half of one's day, and maybe the whole
day. Try to keep your serenity of mind.
"There are certain exercises that give a
woman a quiet mind. One of these ia
the repeating of a certain set of words.
"If you wake up looking wrinkled and
feeling cross you can treat yourself in
stantly for your trouble. Go to the win
dow, open It wide, no matter what the
time of year. Put on something warm
If necessary, and then extend your arms.
Lower them, lift them and extend them,
again.
"The beauty sleeper must always go to
bed with a smile on Iter face. Go to sleep
smiling and you will wake up with an ex
pression of Joy that will last you the
greater part of the day.
"The beauty . sleeper must have all
kinds of scented pillows. Sometimes one
is In a mood for one odor and sometimes
one prefers another, but one should have
plenty of pillows so that one can change
off and be always suited.
"Scents have a great Influence upon
sleep. The woman who sleeps in 'an Ill
scented or a badly -ventilated apartment
will always have a wrinkled look of dis
content next day."
Knock for Knock.
Llpplncotts.
This coffee Isn't Bettled," said Mr.
Boarder.
"Neither Is your board-bill," replied
the landlady.
. Idle Wishes-.
6. E. Klser In Chicago Record-Herald
I wish that I might be as brave as Is ths
hero in the play,
And that I had such strength as his to
clear existing wrongs away:
I wlh 1 were as sure as he to triumph ere
the curtain falls;
I wish that I were always near, as he is.
when sweet Virtue calls;
I wish that I could always win the fair
maid, as he always can;
It's such a dismal thing to be a common.
unheroic man!
I wish the girl who sits and looks at ms
sometimes across the aisle
Were like the lady in the play and that If I
should dare to smile
She would have sudden faith In me and
come and snuggle at my side.
And tell me how to thwart the wretch who
vows that she shall be his bride;
I wish that. Hke the heroine, shs wers the
fairest of the fair.
And thai on me she might confer the right
to keep her in my care.
I wish her father might be rich, as Is the
father In ths play.
And that, although he spurned me now, he
might express regret some day:
wi.n but why keep wishing out I pres
ently must leave the car
To toll till night with all my might where
many money-grubbers are.
While she that sits across the aisle and
glances now and then at me
Is chewing gum and has a face 1 would not
turn around to see.