TITE SUNDAY OREGONIAX. PORTLAND, SEPTEMBER 27, 1908.
6
i
WESSOR. FFSRPIS UP&WIM
TO THAT THEORY AND
offers seiEMTine proof to
1
i -: - -; . a L, -'i: - . ' . v SENSITIVE S-i'IaArTX
Vis5 'V? v Xp sMAib Bigpa , ' v - - - -r
tflMiiif nwni FEAST' .','- '.s ' "
LOVERS of flowem welcome the as
cerflon by I'ranols Darwin recently
that plants having consciousness
and memory and belnjr sensitive to
touch must be classed as animals.
It was no unimportant occasion that
the son of Charles Darwin, author of
the "Origin of Species." choose for his
remarkable deliverance. Mr. Darwin,
a foremost botanist, delivered the
presidential address at the opening; of
the British Association at Dublin.
Those to whom he spoke represented
the pick of the scientists of the United
Kingdom. Before an audieace so au
gust It was essential that what he had
to say should be well grounded In fact.
Necessarily It provoked some discus
sion, an opinion so revolutionary could
liardly have escaped doiris so. but the
sentiment of the convention was that
SAVE CHILDREN FROM IMPURE MILK
Nathan Straus Hectares That Pasteurizing Has Lessened the Death It ate In Several European Cities.
BY NATHAN STKACS.
Neither ar, nor pestilence, nor famine
claim as many victims as impure milk.
It Is the most terrible foe of humanity.
11 the more because It gives no outward
sign of the danger.
After an absence of H months, which I
have devoted to the pure milk propaganda
In Kurope, I am pleased to learn on my
return that my efforts in the Vnited
States have borne good fruit. I refer to
an ordinance of the Chicago city govern
ment requiring the pasteurization of all
tnilk from cattle not proven free from
tuberculosis. For the adoption of this
measure Health Commissioner Evans de
serves great credit.
I have also learned of the work of the
New York milk committee, which has
taken up the question In an experimental
war for scientific purposes. While the
amount they are distributing a thousand
bottles a day cannot make en appreciable
reduction tn the death rate in a child
population like that of New Tork city, still
It proves that this serious question of the
miJt supply is receiving the earnest con
ideratton which It demands.
The tuberculosis congress In Washing
ton, to be held this month. Is another
step forward In the fight for pure milk.
For tbe white plague is nowadays agreed
by scientists to be caused mainly by
transmission of the tubercular germs from
cow to man. I have prepared a model
plant which I will exhibit at this con
gress to demonstrate my method of pas
teurization. I consider pasteurization of the milk
'.ippiy and the great majority of the sci
entific world agrees with me one of the
most Important weapons in fighting the
white plague.
If farmers, dairymen and the publle at
larre were all acquainted with the facts
In regard to the relation of the milk sup
ply to the public health, there would be
little need for prlrate. Institutional or leg
islative measures of relief.
But unfortunately there still exists
great ignoranoe ot the danger that lurks I
Mr. Darwin had established
able case for plant life.
Mr. Darwin explained he spoke for
the doctrine of the inheritance of an
acquired character. Plants must have
life because they responded to touch.
He detailed many experiments to show
that plants had memories, could de
velop habits and have their moods Just
like human beings or animals.
He went so far as to argue that in
every plant there was something very
similar to the nervous system of an
animal, and that plants were quite as
sensitive to certain influences as ani
mals, and had the same' capacity for
telegraphing Impressions from one part
of their organism to another.
, Growth, even, the speaker argued,
is a sort of habit made possible by
memory In the cells, and he contended
that this growth in plants could be
altered by a charge In surroundings
In milk, although Infected milk has be
come one of the most fruitful source of
disease.
When I began my work 16 years ago.
little or nothing was known of this dan
ger. But hand In hand with my educa
tional measures of, erecting pasteuriza
tion plants and of distributing pasteurized
milk, scientists have been asking whether
it was not high time to protect the public
from these death-dealing germs. I had
the satisfaction of seeing the death rate
In New York City more than a third re
duced between the year ISM. when I be
gan my work, and 1907. when I left for
Kurope.
I went directly to Brussels to attend the
Second International Congress des
Gouttes de Lalt. where physicians and sci
entists from the entire civilised world as
sembled. I found then that In Europe even less
was known' of the danger of infected
milk, and less attention had been paid to
measures of relief, than In America. At
this congress I began my European cru
sade by moving a resolution advising
against the use of raw milk for Infant
feeding. This resolution was unanimously
carried. '
Since the adjournment of the congress
my time has been devoted to advocating
pasteurization in various parts of Eu
rope. For purposes of education I established
a milk laboratory in Heidelberg, and sup
plied with pasteurized milk the Children's
Hospital of the I'niversity. as well as sev
eral charitable Institutions.
In Sandhausen. a village In the district
of Heidelberg. I repeated an experiment
which I had so successfully made In Ran
dall's Island, in New York, many years
before.
In this German Tillage of 4f"X Inhabi
tants the death rate among children was
46 per 100. I established a pasteurization
plant there. The same milk as before was
used: It was simply pasteurized. Without
any other change in the diet of the chil
dren, the death rate began immediately to
falL Here is a telegram which I received
from the burgomaster of the village be
fore I sailed:
Nathan Ftrmus, Pang-er Cedrtc. Queens-
Stnre Fehmsrr 1- tfft. there died In
CiacthtuMn evea children under two years
of ase. axsinst tcn!r-five for the corre- j
remark- I I ' . - , ; II
A- ' , '
where different Influences
brought to bear.
would be
Professor Darwin found a prompt
supporter In Professor Wager, who In
the second session of the association
ponding months In 1907 and against thirty
two average for the five preceding years.
We uas same milk as berore, only pas
teurized. Slgnd) FRANZ HAMBRECHT.
Buergermetster.
From Heidelberg I extended my activi
ty to other cities, beginning in Karls
ruhe. There I established a pasteuriza
tion plant under the auspices of the
Dowager Grand Duchess Luise of Baden.
I also presented a plant to Dublin, Ire
land, under the Vicereine Countess of
Aberdeen. And let me say. right here,
that a great deal of my European success
Is due to the active and moral support of
these two good and noble women.
I also erected plants In Slunlch, under
the patronage of Princess Anulf of Ba
varia, and in Liverpool, under the Officer
of Health. Dr. E. W. Hope.
I made exhibitions which practically
demonstrated the need and the benefits
of pasteurization In Frankfurt, Berlin
and Vienna. Physicians, men of science,
philanthropists, government and health
officials, and hosts of plain good men and
women who have the welfare of humanity
at heart, visited these exhibitions and
were unanimous in their praise of my
work and my success.
The direct result of these exhibitions
has been the spread of the knowledge of
pasteurization and Its benefits. And the
outcome will no doubt be ' the general
Introduction of pasteurization In these
cities and countries.
Baron von Bienerth. Minister of the In
terior of Austria, after visiting my ex
hibit In Vienna, promised to Introduce the
pasteurization of milk throughout his
country. To give impetus to the new
work, I offered him a pasteurization plant,
which he accepted for the Institution
called "Das Kind." Tills Institution was
founded to commemorate the sixtieth Jubi
lee of Emperor Franz Joseph's reign.
As the president of the Women's Na
tional Health Association of Ireland. Lady
Aberdeen will exhibit In Washington at
the tuberculosis congress, in competition
for the prize offered to the organization
which has accomplished most during the
last three years in the fight against tuber
culosis. Ijady Aberdeen's secretary accompanied
me to New York to study my method of
pasteu-iza-tlon at my new laboratory.
She wi U report to Lady Aberdeen with the
proved that plants can see as well as
think.
The professor startled the gathering
of scientists by exhibiting photographs
taken through lenses formed by the
"eyes of plants." He showed that the
object of copying the work In Dublin.
The ball has been Btarted rolling on
both s des of t!-.;- Atlantic, and the work
is getting to dimensions which put it be
yond I he sphere of one man.
I ow t a debt of thanks to the European
press for the extraordinarily courteous
treatment I received at their hands, de
spite n y being a stranger and a foreigner.
They 1 ave been constant in their support
and hare kept the danger of infected milk,
and th remedy, pasteurization, untiring
ly befcre the public.
With the aid of the press I hope to
keep up my campaign in the future.
I earnestly hope and expect that the
time Is coming when no human life will
be uselessly sacrificed. Typhoid fever,
diphtht ria and scarlet fever count their
annual victims by thousands. Summer
compla nt counts Its child victims by
tens of thousands. Let us hope that this
useless slaughter wijl be stopped. But
let us not only hope.
When we know that the majority of
these deaths are caused by infection
through milk, let us take the only prac
tical m tans of rendering milk safe.
The method of pasteurization is simply
to heat the milk to 1S7 degrees Fahren
heit, thereby killing the germs of dis
ease. It Is not a patented process. It
can be done by any milk dealer or by
any mother in her kitchen.
Mllinery Points.
Vogue.
Ia.rg9 rosettes of soura or cross
aigrettes in whit and colors are the
latest novelty, their centers are usually
filled In with a large, fancy cabochon, or
a soft ribbon or galloon chou.
Silk rosea axe used in abundance for
decorating- the new dlrectoire hat; they
come In all natural, and the newest fancy
colors, also in exquisite dccrolx shadings.
Fancy galloons of filet net, laid over
silver and gold banding, end soutache
embroidered in a scroll design, are the
success of tbe season and make stunning
crown bands.
Metallic silver and gold tissues are
moM distinguished fabrics for facing hat
brims.
A novelty In flowers !s the oella lily,
made of velvet in black, white and yellow
and accompanied by large velvet leavea.
apeckled in green end yellowish white.
The "pensee" (pansy) Is a clever new
style motor hat, and sure to be a success.
It shows a tall, slender crown and a
dome shaped brim, short at the back, and
dented so as to slightly resemble a pansy.
Extremely- chic it is ' when made of
zibMne plateau and faced with, taffeta in
a contrasting color.
outer skins of many leaves are In fact
lenses, much like the eyes of many
Insects, and that they are as cpaable
of formlnlg clear Images of surround
ing objects. This, he showed, is the
case with most leaves, but especially
with those of plants that grow In the
shade. These lense3 are so good and
focus the light that falls on them so
carefully that photographs can be ta
ken by means of them.
Professor Wager has taken a great
many of these photographs by plant
eyes, and he showed some of the more
remarkable. They included the repro
ductions of photographs of Professors
Darwin and Huxley. In which the fea
tures were distinct and unmistakable.
as well as direct photographs of land
scapes and people. Even colored pho
graphs were exhibited, and these, like
the rest, were remarkably clearly defined.
Not only do these plant eyes see well,
but the rays of light which by means
of them are focussed on the Interior of
the leaf are carried to the brain of the
plant and effect its subsequent move
ments. It has long been known that the
leaves of plants move so that they can
get the maximum of light, and the
rocess Is almost identical witn inn
movements of animals, but this close
MEN'S ATTIRE FOR AUTUMN WEATHER
What AVell-Dressed 3Ien in Kcw York Are "Wearing "With Good Taste.
efsHE half season Just beginning is as
inspiring to the man who takes an
interest in being smartly dressed
as the height of the Winter or the Bum
mer season. And perhaps the Autumn
days offer him better opportunities than
any other time, says the New York Sun.
The fashions for men who spend the
Autumn or a part of it in the country
follow in their color scheme the designs
of nature. The blue seree that seems
an appropriate feature of life by the sea
shore and the corresponding white duck
now disappear to make way for clothes
and hues more suited to Fall. Flannel
suits are also out of the mode for weeks
to be passed inland or in the mountains.
Scotch tweeds and homespuns in shades
of brown, dark tan and warm grays
mixed with hair stripes of red or brown
are the materials and colors that take
the place of flannels which have served
for smart Bummer wear. The linen
waistcoat is also a thing of the past, but
there are smart substitutes in checked
and striped flannels.
The vogue of the flannel shirt Is also
greatest at this time. Knickerbockers
are more appropriate at this season than
any other, and they have never been
more in vogue than they are just now.
"The Autumn outfit that to my mind
was the best I have turned out," said
the tailor In the Venetian palace just
off Fifth avenue, "consisted of only four
suits, but with the wardrobe' that the
well dressed man always has the owner
will be able to look as smart as he could
desire during the days he spends out of
town.
"Perhaps the most modish of all the
garments was a cutaway of dark reddish
brown Scotch tweed. There was an
almost invisible herringbone stripe in
the rough goods. The coat, not being
intended for formal wear, but suitable
to wear even for riding, had skirts of
medium length, and they were finished
with two pockets covered with a narrow
flap. The coat had three buttons and
was cut low enough In the neck to show
the top of the waistcoat.
'There was absolutely no extraneous
fusslness about the coat except the three
buttons which closed the sleeve at the
cuff. This season will mark the differ
ence between the ready-made and the
SCIENTISTS
analysis of the eyes In plants proves
them to be highly developed organs.
The Ideas of Professors Darwin and
Wager at once lifted flowers Into the
place of importance for this meeting
of the association, and the Ideas ad
vanced there have- had the effect of
starting researches all over the world
to prove the truth or the falsity of the
thought that in the essentials plants
must be thought of as having ell the
Inallnntl n a n i m O 1 Ufa
Tnt.Aistf rra i cav that n a vri a n nanf
work among flowers without early
finding out that they have memories
and nerves. If they had lacked these,
argue the supporters of the Darwin
idea, flowers would have remained
fixed through all ages like rocks, for
Instance, which show no change in
thousands of years. But plants, like
animals, change, develop, produce new
species.
In every state of the country It Is
possible to find flowers that bear out
the Ideas of Darwin.
He speaks of some plants having
their moods and being stung Into Ir
ritability Just like a human being.
The Venus fly trap Is an example of
this. It closes down on the encroach
ing insect and makes a prisoner of it.
Then at leisure the plant digests the
meat of the unfortunate captive.
custom tailors In the point of simplicity,
and what we turn out is to be free from
freakish ness.
"The side pocket had no flap. It was
not even applied with strapped seams,
but put In the side body as in any other
coat.
"The waistcoat had no collar and the
1 trousers were finished with as much
freedom from extraneous ornament. They
were of moderate width, as the trou
sers will be this Winter. The waist
coat scarcely counts, as there are al
ways sporting waistcoats for these Fall
suits.
"The beauty of this suit lay in its ma
terial and cut. The warm brown tweed
was just the shade for this season of the
year, and the suit fitting the figure loose
ly, touching at no point and nowhere out
lining the curves of the body, was made
for a gentleman's wear and proclaimed
the fact.
"The sack suit was also of brown, and
the finish was smooth. The check was
more plainly visible In this material than
the herringbone stripe in the other, and
the same simplicity was observed In the
cut. There were no cuffs on the sleeves,
only the three buttons, but three real
buttons that could be opened and closed.
"Scotch tweed was tfie material used
for the Norfolk jacket, which is this year
enjoying a period of special favor. For
several years there were few of these
coats seen, and It was announced that the
Norfolk jacket was out of style.
"One might as well say that coats are
out of style. The Norfolk will always be
In style for the purpose it was Intended
and in England It has never been out of
fashion.
"This coat is worn in the best style
with knickerbockers, although I always
make trousers as well in case the suit is
worn for lounging or walking. The
knickerbockers make with a Norfolk an
excellent suit for shooting. This cus
tomer of mine wanted a shooting suit
of a more practical character, and I
turned him out one of whipcord, which
cannot be worn at any other time.
"It is also a modified Norfolk so far as
the jacket Is concerned. The knicker
bockers end In long continuations that
make long stockings unnecessary and
really require no more than shoes and
high spats, although puttees are not un- i
There are many flesh-consuming or
carnivorous plants. i
Moreover the sensitive plants of the pea,'
family exhibit irritable moods by contact
with foreign objects, the Influence of light'
and dark and of fluctuations in tempera-
iire. '
Th. -arnnA unrreln and mimosas of Brazil
and Mexico can say almost as plainly as
it they had voices, "I don't want your
company."
Examples might be multiplied Indefi
nitely. t
Unless there Is consciousness or memory:
why Is It that the mechanism of the com-,
mon orchid or milk-weed Is adjusted with.'
mechanism so exactly suited to the length
of the bees's tongue or the butterfly's
leg.
The sticky calllces or protective hairs of
many flowers have their definite purpose, j
and the flower knows by instinct when
the battery for protection should be In
use.
Then there Is the marvelous sundei
that not only -atrhes insects, hut actually,
secretes the gafcirlc Juice to digest them.
It is hard to see how more nearly any
thing could be allied to animal life than a
plant with faculties like this.
Certainly there Is as much evidence of
conscious life in this creation as In the
mollusc of the sea, whose animal life no
one disputes.
The bladderwort al'fo gives the halt to
those who would seek to dismiss lightly
the ideas of this foremost English scien
tist, who is maintaining the traditions of
a great name by his original researches.
The bladderwort works with the most
deft cruelty. It not only has an inflated
trap designed to catch tiny Insects, but it
also knows when to close the door and
transform Itself into a cell. The pitcher
plant, which makes soup of Its guests. Is
another indication that some plants are
animal, and some of them very cruel ones.
How marvelously has the plant decided
which kind of guest it prefers! Certain
flowers welcome the bee, others prefer the
butterfly, and others still lean to the
moth, or the humming btrd. The guest
that is welcome is wonderfully catered to
In these tiny floral restaurants, but the
pilferers are relentlessly punished, and
are soon taught to understand that no
welcome awaits, from which fact pre
ceeds the known scientific truth that the
various Insects have their loyalties to
certain flowers and will not go near
others.
If In nothing else than the endless de
vices of the more ambitious flowers to
save their species from degeneracy by
close inbreeding through fertilization with
their own pollen the existence of some
thing closely akin to mind is proved.
There are criminals in plant life Just as
among humans, and there Is also types
of nobility. The dodder, Indian pipe,
broom rape and beech drops are low
types, because they exist not through their
own industry by taking the life from
other industrious plants.
The skunk cabbage, purple trillion and
carrion flower are In disgrace, and they
emit a fetid odor far different from the
rich fragrance of white or yellow night
bloomers, for Instance.
One great scholar has said that the
flower does not waste Its sweetness on the
desert air, and Is not simply a passive
thing to be admired casually by human
eyes, but that It is a sentient being, with
Joys and tragedies, like every other liv
ing, thinking thing of Nature's creation.
It is compelled to act intelligently through
the same strong desires that animate hu
mankind, and is endowed with certain
powers, differing only in degree, but not
In kind, from those that mark the animal
creation.
The flower Is indebted for much to the
Insect, and In many cases It shows Its
gratitude. The hairs In the wild geranium
protect its nectar from the rain, and
most flowers which secrete nectar have
what are called "honey guides," spots of
bright color, heavy veining or some other
Indicator.
Those who study flowers will find many
arguments to bring to the support of a
new theory by another great Darwin.
comfortable with them. This Norfolk
Is, of course, made with a belt for car
tridges and other ammunition.
"The shooting suit Is not necessary
to any man's wardrobe unless he spends
a great deal of time in shooting, as this
customer of mine does. But for all prac
' tlcal purposes the Norfolk suit will
answer for shooting.
"A covert coat short enough to wear on
horseback, which means that it should
not go further than half an inch below
the sack coat and should not fall so
low as the tails of the cutaway; a long
loose Chesterfield of mixed tweed, which
Is the most useful coat a man may have
nowadays, Binoe it serves for many oc
casions, formal and informal, and an
ulster for night and motor wear in the
country make up all that one. needs for
protection out of doors.
"There are some changes in the detail
of these Autumn suits. I no longer make
knickerbockers for ordinary wear, for
Instance, with the continuations of tan
cloth, which was the stylo for so long.
When a customer wants knickerbockers
made with continuations they are of the
same cloth as the suit.
There axe many details of dress that
will add to the appropriateness of the
masculine wardrobe during this time.
There are colored scarfs now in the
shops in shades of dark purples and yel
lowish chocolates that are beautiful and
especially suited to the Autumn days.
The smartest of these are still made in
crepe and the crocheted silks.
The crepe wears poorly but is later In
style than the crocheted silk. Three or
four wearings taJce the freshness out of
th crepe ties that sell for from $2 to $4.
New this Autumn are the broad cro
cheted silk ties to be tied in flat scarfs.
They are somewhat heavy, but come In
very good colors for wear at this season.
Flannel shirts are perhaps the most dis
tinctive feature of outing dress in coid
weather. Some of them are made with
such detail that they may easily be
worn without . coat. The side pocket is
applied and the edges carefully finished
with strapped, seams. The double cuffs
roll back and finish the sleeve.
They are In flannels of every hue, al
though solid pinks and blues, rather light
in tone,, are the most modish. vVlth a
Norfolk or seek suit they may be worn
without a waistcoat.